Effects of Teratogen to a Pregnant and Neote

7/28/2019 Effects of Teratogen to a Pregnant and Neote

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EFFECTS OF TERATOGEN TO A PREGNANT AND

NEOTE

An under Graduate Thesis

Presented to the faculty of

College of Engineering and Technology

In partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the course of

Institutional Health Care Services

Larda, Edgar C. Jr.

Fagutao, Jewel Hope

Catuira, Cyndy B.


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ABSTRACT

TITLE: Effects of Teratogens to a Pregnant and Neonate

AUTHORS: Larda, Edgar C. Jr.

Fagutao, Jewel Hope

Catuira, Cyndy B.


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ACKNOWELDEMENT

We would like to Acknowledge and extend our heart full of gratitude tothe following thet have made the completion of this study possible:

Mr. Alvin U. Dumduma R.n. R.m. for allowing that us to use his free

time in doing our research and survey.

Ms. Mary Ann D. Montero the IHCS instructor wo guide us the basic

ways in writing this thesis .

Mr. Roger Bilag for giving us a proper of thesis

Mr. And Mrs. Larda, Mr. And Mrs. Fagutao and Mr. and Mrs. Catuira for

their unconditional love and support and expanded understanding


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February 2013

Approval Sheet

This thesis entitled Effects of Teratogen to a pregnant and Neonate

Prepared and submitted by Edgar C. Larda, Jewel Hope Fagutao and

Cyndy B. Catuira in partial fulfillment of requirements for the course of

institutional health care services is here by recommended for approval.

March 4, 2013 Mr. Roger Bilag

Date English Professor


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DEDICATION

We dedicate this piece of work to all our loved ones the faculty,professors and friends who have been a great source of motivation and

Inspiration most specially to our creator God for leading us through

trials and fears to success for showing us the light even in times of great

darkness and for giving us strength to come this far. And to all the

people who gave their concerns to our study.

Jewel Hope Fagutao

Cyndy Catuira

Edgar Larda Jr.


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INTRODUCTION

Several factors influence the amount of damage a teratogen can cause.

The strength of teratogen is one factor. For example, radiation is known

as teratogen. In small amount (everyone is exposed to some radiation

everyday such as sunrays) it cannot cause any damage, however, in

large doses (e.g. the amount of radiation is necessary to treat cancer of

the cervix), serious fetal defects or death can occur.

The timing of the teratogenic insult is another factor that make

significance difference. If the teratogen is introduced before

inflammation either the zygote is destroyed or it appears unaffected. If

the insult occurs when the main body system are being formed ( in the

2nd

to 8th

of the embryonic life) a fetus is very vulnerable to injury.

During the last trimester the potential for harm again , decreasing

because all the organs of the fetus are formed and are merely

maturing. The times when different anatomic areas of the fetus arelikely to be affected by teratogens two exceptions to the rule that

deformities usually occurs in early embryonic like are the effects cause

be the organism of sup hills and toxoplasmosis. These two infection and

can cause abnormalities in organs that were originally formed normally.

A third factor determining the effects of teratogens affinity for specifictissue. Lead, for in stani, attacks and disables nervous tissue.

Thalidomide cause limb defects tetracauline cause tooth enamel

deficiencies and possible long bone deformities. The rubella virus

normally attacks the ears, heart and brain.


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Background of the study

Teratogen are that produce neurological and physical malformations in

developing human fetuses. The word comes from the greek teras,

meaning malformation or monstrosity. Certainly, ever since the first

malformed baby was born, people have wondered that causes birth

defects. Most early explanations reffered to mystical forces . the

influence of celestial bodies, Devine intervention, even conception

during the womans menstrual period. The theory of maternal

impression was widely accepted from the seventeenth to the twentieth

century. According to this concept, a specific , strong impression on the

mother during pregnancy would produce a corresponding specific birth

defect in her child for instance a mother who was started by a have

might give birth to a child with a harelip.

During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, however, a

number of researchers showed that exposure of animals such as

chickens and fish to certain physical and chemical substances would

produce birth defects in their offspring. While a few medical

investigators conducted studies that showed similar effects in

mammals, the scientific community as a whole embraced the concept

that a womans placenta acted as an imperietrable barrier preventing

harmful substances from researching the unborn child. This belief was

shattered the thalidomide tragedy.

Thalidomide, a synthetic developed by chemie crunental, was hailed as

a wondered drug which enduced a sound sleep with no hang over

effect the following morning and no fetal effects in over dose cases. Its


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use spread rapidly cross Canada and Europe after its introduction in

West Germany in 1957, and was considered so safe it was dispressed

over the counter rather than by prescription. In 1959, twelve infants

were born in west Germany with Severe Deformaties a very rarecondition called phecomeha in which the arms and legs developed into

stubs resembling a seds flippers. No link to thalidomide was

considered, even after 83 more cases were reported in 1960. Cases at

such birth defects eventually climbed to 5,000 in Germany And 10,000

worldwide.

in September 1960, the American drug firm William S. Merrell

submitted to the food and drug administration FDA an Anpplication to

mark thalidomide ,respectedly postponing approval while asking Merell

for further information meanwhile cases of phocomelia continued to

amount in Europe. Finally in november 1961, a Hamburg pediatrician

named Widukind Lenz , established that the methers of man of the

infants with severe birth defects at his clinic had taken thalidomide. The

link was confirmed by Dr. William McBride in Australia and by the end

of November , thalidomide was withdrawn from the market.


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Hypothesis

The purpose of this study is to inform our readers about the bad effects

of Teratogens to people. And let them be aware of what they will get if

they will continue using those substances.

Scope and limitations

This study focuses on the effect of teratogen to the respondent who

abuse these making the respondent awre of thse bad effects to their

daily living , family most of all the pregnant woman and their fetus.

Statement of the problem

1.What teratogen that mainly affect pregnant woman?2.At what age of pregnancy most problems occurs ?3.Effects of teratogen among pregnant woman?4.

Age group of pregnant commomly affected by teratogens?

5.Related factors that causes teratogenic agent misuse?6.Level of consciousness of mothers regarding teratogenic effects?

Effects of Teratogen to a Pregnant and Neote

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