Effects of Particle Shape and Size on Biomass Combustion Hong Lu, Justin Scott, Tom Fletcher, Larry...
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Effects of Particle Shape and Size on Biomass Combustion Hong Lu, Justin Scott, Tom Fletcher, Larry Baxter Chemical Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT ACERC Methods and Results Methods and Results Currently, the new entrained flow reactor and the imaging system are being built. Using an existing entrained flow reactor, some results have been obtained about the mass loss rate of sawdust during combustion. A preliminary analysis of char particle oxidation is also shown here. Mass Loss Rate •Schematic diagram of the existing entrained flow reactor is shown in Fig.1. •Materials: Maple wood sawdust; collected between sieves having mesh sizes of 0.317 mm and 0.363 mm •Operation temperature: shown in Fig. 2. •Procedures: 1.Room temperature air (oil free) is preheated up to 1250K and then injected into the reactor as secondary gas 2.A small portion of room temperature air, the primary gas, carries the sawdust particles into the reactor 3.Room temperature N 2 is introduced into the collection probe to quench down the hot 4.Mass loss data is collected at multiple residence times/feed gas velocities; the residence time is varied by changing the distance between the collection and feeding Introduction Introduction Over the last two decades, the increasing concern about the environmental impact and longevity of fossil fuels (e.g., coal) has generated a growing interest in renewable energy sources. Understanding the combustion process of these new fuel sources is key to their effective use. The biomass combustion process is different from that of pulverized coal because biomass usually has higher volatile content and lower density. In addition, the irregular shape and relatively large size of biomass particles strongly influence the heat and mass transfer processes during the combustion process. Acknowledgement Acknowledgement US DOE/EE Office of Industrial Technologies & Sandia National Laboratories Objectives Objectives • Build a new entrained flow reactor for biomass particle combustion, which can provide up to three seconds residence time (good for particle sizes up to 1.5 mm) and a standard operation temperature up to 1700K ; • Develop an imaging system (including the hardware and software) to measure the particle shape, size, surface area, volume and surface temperature during the combustion process; • Experimentally investigate the effects of particle shape and size on biomass combustion, i.e., how they influence the mass loss rate of biomass particles during the pyrolysis and oxidation processes at different temperatures; • Develop an integrated particle combustion model considering the effects of particle shape and size on biomass combustion kinetics. Fig.2 Tem perature Profile in R eactor 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Dim ensionless Length ofReactor Tem perature (K ) Fig.1 Schematic Diagram of Entrained Flow Reactor Dry air Preheate r Feeding probe Reactor body Collection Probe •At different gas velocities, the mass loss rate of the sawdust particles are measured. The results are shown in Fig.3. Char Particle Oxidation Analysis •The shape of the sawdust char particle can be approximated by an ellipsoid. Holding the particle volume constant, a spherical particle has less surface area than an ellipsoidal particle. Heat and mass transfer analysis in ellipsoidal coordinates shows that the ratio of overall burning rate of an ellipsoidal particle to that of a spherical particle increases as the particle’s aspect ratio increases. Detailed modeling results are illustrated in Fig.4. •Mathematical analysis also shows that for a ellipsoidal particle with aspect ratio b/a, the ratio of mass transfer coefficients at points 1 and 2, as well as the aspect ratio are constant during the oxidation process; as illustrated in Fig.5. (a)gas velocity = 0.409 m /s 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 0 0.5 1 residence tim e (s) 1- M / Mo (b)gas velocity = 0.535 m /s 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 residence tim e (s) 1- M / Mo Fig.3 Mass loss rate of maple wood sawdust particles 1 Fig.4 Effects of aspect ratio on char oxidation rate Fig.5 Constant aspect ratio during char oxidation a b 2 (1) ) 1 1 ( 1 ) ( ) )( )( ( 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 b a a x b ab c b a d D k ox f (2) 2 , 1 , a b k k f f (3) 0 dt a b d At point 1 and 2, the ratio of mass transfer coefficients are constant: Based on equation (2) and diffusion control model, the following result is derived: The mass transfer coefficient on the ellipsoid surface is: Future Work Future Work •Finish building the entrained flow reactor and the imaging system; •Develop the sub-model for biomass particle pyrolysis; •Conduct pyrolysis and oxidation experiments on the new entrained reactor, compare the experimental data and modeling results, and improve the integrated particle combustion model.
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Transcript of Effects of Particle Shape and Size on Biomass Combustion Hong Lu, Justin Scott, Tom Fletcher, Larry...
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Effects of Particle Shape and Size on Biomass Combustion Hong Lu, Justin Scott, Tom Fletcher, Larry BaxterChemical Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UTACERC Methods and ResultsCurrently, the new entrained flow reactor and the imaging system are being built. Using an existing entrained flow reactor, some results have been obtained about the mass loss rate of sawdust during combustion. A preliminary analysis of char particle oxidation is also shown here.Mass Loss RateSchematic diagram of the existing entrained flow reactor is shown in Fig.1.Materials: Maple wood sawdust; collected between sieves having mesh sizes of 0.317 mm and 0.363 mmOperation temperature: shown in Fig. 2.Procedures: Room temperature air (oil free) is preheated up to 1250K and then injected into the reactor as secondary gasA small portion of room temperature air, the primary gas, carries the sawdust particles into the reactorRoom temperature N2 is introduced into the collection probe to quench down the hot exhaust gasMass loss data is collected at multiple residence times/feed gas velocities; the residence time is varied by changing the distance between the collection and feeding probes.IntroductionOver the last two decades, the increasing concern about the environmental impact and longevity of fossil fuels (e.g., coal) has generated a growing interest in renewable energy sources. Understanding the combustion process of these new fuel sources is key to their effective use. The biomass combustion process is different from that of pulverized coal because biomass usually has higher volatile content and lower density. In addition, the irregular shape and relatively large size of biomass particles strongly influence the heat and mass transfer processes during the combustion process. Acknowledgement US DOE/EE Office of Industrial Technologies & Sandia National LaboratoriesObjectivesBuild a new entrained flow reactor for biomass particle combustion, which can provide up to three seconds residence time (good for particle sizes up to 1.5 mm) and a standard operation temperature up to 1700K ;Develop an imaging system (including the hardware and software) to measure the particle shape, size, surface area, volume and surface temperature during the combustion process;Experimentally investigate the effects of particle shape and size on biomass combustion, i.e., how they influence the mass loss rate of biomass particles during the pyrolysis and oxidation processes at different temperatures;Develop an integrated particle combustion model considering the effects of particle shape and size on biomass combustion kinetics.
At different gas velocities, the mass loss rate of the sawdust particles are measured. The results are shown in Fig.3.
Char Particle Oxidation AnalysisThe shape of the sawdust char particle can be approximated by an ellipsoid. Holding the particle volume constant, a spherical particle has less surface area than an ellipsoidal particle. Heat and mass transfer analysis in ellipsoidal coordinates shows that the ratio of overall burning rate of an ellipsoidal particle to that of a spherical particle increases as the particles aspect ratio increases. Detailed modeling results are illustrated in Fig.4.Mathematical analysis also shows that for a ellipsoidal particle with aspect ratio b/a, the ratio of mass transfer coefficients at points 1 and 2, as well as the aspect ratio are constant during the oxidation process; as illustrated in Fig.5.Fig.3 Mass loss rate of maple wood sawdust particles1Fig.4 Effects of aspect ratio on char oxidation rateFig.5 Constant aspect ratio during char oxidationab2At point 1 and 2, the ratio of mass transfer coefficients are constant:Based on equation (2) and diffusion control model, the following result is derived:The mass transfer coefficient on the ellipsoid surface is:Future WorkFinish building the entrained flow reactor and the imaging system;Develop the sub-model for biomass particle pyrolysis;Conduct pyrolysis and oxidation experiments on the new entrained reactor, compare the experimental data and modeling results, and improve the integrated particle combustion model.
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