Effects of Drug Abuse

MDMA/Ecstasy

Table of Content•IDENTIFY YOUR DRUG AND DEFINE ITS MAIN USE IN OUR CULTURE.

•IDENTIFY RATES OF USAGE AND POPULATIONS IMPACTED BY USING THIS DRUG.

•EXPLAIN THE REGIONS OF THE BRAIN IMPACTED BY THIS DRUG. HOW DOES THIS DRUG

ALTER BRAIN CHEMISTRY?

•HOW DO HIGH VERSUS LOW DOSES OF THE DRUG COMPARE IN ALTERING BEHAVIOR,

MOOD, AND COGNITION?

•EXPLAIN THE IMPLICATIONS OF ONE-TIME, CASUAL, OR LONG-TERM USE ON THE

PHYSIOLOGY OF THE BRAIN, AND ON BEHAVIOR, MOOD, AND COGNITION.

•IF A PERSON DEVELOPED AN ADDICTION TO THE DRUG YOU CHOSE, WHAT

THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS WOULD BE APPLIED TO TREAT THE ADDICTION?

Identify your drug and define its main use in our

culture.

•3-4 METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE ALSO RENOWNED

AS ECSTASY OR X

•MDMA EXISTS TO THE AMPHETAMINE/METHAMPHETAMINE

FAMILY

•MDMA WAS APPLIED IN THE 1900’S AS A THERAPEUTIC AID BY

PSYCHOTHERAPIST

•MDMA IS A HALLUCINOGENIC AND IS CATEGORIZED AS A

STIMULANT

•THIS DRUG HAS BECOME FAMOUS WITH TEENAGERS AND

YOUNG ADULTS

Identify rates of usage and populations impacted

by using this drug.

•15% OF PEOPLE AGED 18-35

•FEMALE APPLICATION IS MORE PREVALENT THAN MALE APPLICATION OF MDMA

•MEDIAN AGE IS 20

•29% PERCENT OF MDMA USERS REPORT USE OF OTHER DRUGS•Methamphetamine

•Ketamine•GHB

•Rohypnol

explain the regions of the brain impacted by this drug.

How does this drug alter brain chemistry?

•Neocortex

•Limbic System

Amygdala (red)

Hippocampus (blue)

Basal Ganglia (purple)

Hypothalamus (green)

How do high versus low doses of the drug

compare in altering behavior, mood, and

cognition?

•Long Term EffectsChanges in brain construction and behavior

•Affects emotions and perceptions•Raised levels of happiness, self-confidence, amplified

energy•Decrease of inhibitions

How do high versus low doses of the drug compare

in altering behavior, mood, and cognition?

• DISTINCTIONS IN MDMA AND ECSTASY

•IMPACTS OF LOW AND HIGH DOSES ON BEHAVIOR, MOOD, AND COGNITION

•NEUROTOXICITY

http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=Street+Price+Of+Mdma&FORM=IQFRDR

explain the implications of one-time, casual, or

long-term use on the physiology of the brain, and on

behavior, mood, and cognition.

•ONE-TIME APPLICATION OF ECSTASY: STUDY OF 188 VOLUNTEERS

•CASUAL APPLICATION OF ECSTASY: POST 18 MONTHS FINDINGS

•LONG-TERM APPLICATION OF ECSTASY: COGNITIVE CHANGES

If a person developed an addiction to the drug you chose, what

therapeutic interventions would be applied to treat the addiction?

•TREATMENT PREFERENCES FOR ECSTASY USERS

•PHARMACOTHERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION OF ECSTASY TOXICITY

ConclusionINITIALLY UTILIZED WITHIN THE 1900'S MDMA HAS BEEN UTILIZED CLINICALLY, AND RECREATIONALLY. THE SENTIMENTS OF EUPHORIA, AND FEELING OF WELL BEING IS THE WANTED IMPACT; ON THE OTHER HAND, CONTINGENT UPON MEASUREMENT AND LENGTH OF INTRODUCTION, MDMA CAN TURN INTO A FATAL DRUG INFLUENCING PARTS OF THE BRAIN THAT MAY STILL SHOW HARM YEARS AFTER THE FACT. HYPERTHERMIA IS A SEVERE SYMPTOM, AND MIGHT CAUSE INTENSE ORGAN FAILURE, OR DEATH. CONSIDERED A MEDICATION FOR THE "YOUTH," ECSTASY UTILIZATION IS ADDITIONALLY NOT PHENOMENAL AROUND PEOPLE INTO HIS OR HER THIRTIES. MEDICATION OF DANGER IS PALLIATIVE AT GENERALLY, AND HELPFUL UNTIL POISONOUS QUALITY IS LESSENED. BRAIN IMAGERY PRESCRIBES THAT CELL DEATH AT LEAST, HAS BEEN DISCOVERED IN INVESTIGATIONS OF BRAINS WITH LOW EXPOSURE YEARS AFTER THE FACT. IT IS ACCEPTED THAT MDMA PRIMITIVELY INFLUENCES THE SEROTONIN SYSTEM OF THE CNS, AND DIFFERENT MEDICATIONS ADDED TO MDMA MIGHT CAUSE HARM TO DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE BRAIN. MORE STUDIES ARE DEMANDED TO LEARN PROGRESSIVELY IN-PROFUNDITY LEARNING OF THIS DRUGS, AND THE IMPACTS OF USAGE.

ReferencesBUSINELLE, M. S., KENDZOR, D. E., RASH, C. J., PATTERSON, S. M., & COPELAND, A. L. (2009). THE

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE (MDMA) BELIEF QUESTIONNAIRE

(MDMA-BQ) IN COLLEGE STUDENTS. ADDICTION RESEARCH & THEORY, 17(4), 432-445. DOI:10.1080/16066350801902442

GREER, G. & TOLBERT, R. SUBJECTIVE REPORTS OF THE EFFECTS OF MDMA IN A CLINICAL SETTING. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOACTIVE

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ReferencesKELLY, P. (2000). DOES RECREATIONAL ECSTASY USE CAUSE LONG-TERM COGNITIVE PROBLEMS? WESTERN

JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, 173(2),

129-130. RETRIEVED HTTP://WWW.NCBI.NLM.NIH.GOV/PMC/ARTICLES/PMC1071023/

MORGAN, M.J. (2000). ECSTASY (MDMA): A REVIEW OF ITS POSSIBLE PERSISTENT PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS.

PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 152: 230-248.

NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE. (2010). MDMA (ECSTASY). RETRIEVED FROM HTTP:/WWW.DRUGABUSE.GOV

RADIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF NORTH AMERICA (2006, NOVEMBER 28). ECSTASY CAN HARM THE BRAINS OF FIRST-TIME

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SAKAR, S., & SCHMEUD, L. (2010). NEUROTOXITY OF ECSTASY (MDMA): AN OVERVIEW. CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL

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