EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN ZAMBIAfishconsult.org/.../2016/12/Climate-change-in-Zambia.pdfEFFECTS...
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EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN
ZAMBIA
Dr. SAMUEL JOHN NDHLOVU Veterinary Officer
Epidemiology and disease control
Department of veterinary and tsetse control
Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock
ZAMBIA’S LOCATION
CLIMATIC SEASONS
1. DRY SEASON (May – October/November)
a). Cold (May – August)
b). Hot season ( September – October/November)
2. RAIN SEASON (November – April)
INTRODUCTION
The negative impact of climate change is
severely felt by poor people in developing areas
who rely heavily on agriculture and livestock
keeping that are amongst the most climate-
sensitive economic sectors
AREAS
1. LIVESTOCT PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY
2. HUMAN POPULATION (social economic effects)
Zambia greatly dominated by small scale farmers who
depend on rain – fed agricultural activities
ECOLOGICAL REGIONS
Since 1960 1.Zambia National Adaptation Programme of Action on climate change (2007)
2. Centre for Environmental Economics and Policy in Africa, Policy Note no. 27,
August 2006
Rainfall Temperature
1.9mm per month
decreased (2.3% per d)
1.3 since 1960
EFFECTS ON LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY
Overgrazing
Drought and shortage of drinking water
1. Drought
THERMAL STRESS
Increase thermal stress for animals and thereby
reduce animal production and profitability by
lowering feed efficiency, milk production, and
reproduction rates ( Affect the reproductive
functions)
REDUCED FEED INTAKE
POOR GROWTH PERFORMANCE
SPREAD OF DISEASES
BLUE TONGUE
HUMAN AND ANIMAL MIGRATIONS
WARS/CONFLICTS
LONG DISTANCE
DEVELOPMENT OF PATHOGENS
Higher temperatures increase the rate of development
of pathogens or parasites that spend some of their life
cycle outside their animal host, which may lead to
larger populations. Other pathogens are sensitive to
high temperatures and their survival may decrease
with climate warming.
Revolution of pathogens
EFFECTS ON HUMAN POPULATION
- an increase in the incidence of hunger due to destruction of
crops, reduction in
cultivatable land and increased soil erosion;
- an increase in the incidence of health epidemics such as
malaria and waterborne diseases
and;
- reduced nutrition and natural resource based livelihoods
including livestock
DISPLACEMENT OF PEOLPLE
FLOODS
Destruction of the basic infrastructure
Shortage of electricity: Kariba hydroelectric dam
DEFORASTATION
MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION
Manure Management and CH4 and N2O
emissions
Be mindful of temperature, moisture levels, time
of storage, and other factors that lead to higher
emissions
Give livestock easily digestable feed to control
manure contents
MITIGATION MEASURES
Enteric Fermentation and CH4 emissions
Increase production efficiency
Decrease the number of animals
Decrease the time they are emitting methane
Increase nutrition
Decreases the amount of methane produced
ADAPTATION MEASURES
INTEGRATED FARMING
KEEPING DROUGHT TOLERANT LIVESTOCK
Small ruminants ( Goats, sheep)
CROSSBREEDING OF LIVESTOCK
CROSS BREEDING
CONSERVATION FARMING
AGRO-FORESTRY PRACTICES
HEAT TOLERENT PLANTS E.G CASSAVE
COMMUNITY EDUCATION
To promote organic farming, sustainable land management and agro-forestry Introduction of climate change syllabi in schools
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION