Effectiveness of the telemetric flood monitoring device

EFFECTIVENESS OF THE TELEMETRIC FLOOD MONITORING

DEVICE

Presented to

The Faculty of Computer Engineering Department

University of Mindanao

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirement for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering

Harold A. Caparida

Jhun Bryan V. Cenabre

Raldey T. Lape

September, 2013

iii

Abstract

The study was entitled “Effectiveness of the Telemetric Flood Monitoring

Device”. The study aimed to choose the best telemetric flood monitoring

device between the floating sensor design and the ultrasonic sensor design.

Twenty trials were done to test the significant difference among the water level

readings of each design and between the response times of the two designs. The

results showed that the average water level readings, actual, displayed and

transmitted, for the floating sensor the actual reading was seven and fifty-five

hundredths inches while, for the ultrasonic sensor design was five and ninety

hundredths inches. The displayed reading was nine inches, and the transmitted

reading was ten and nine hundredths inches. The average response time for the

floating sensor and ultrasonic sensor are seven and ninety hundredths seconds

and twelve and sixty-seven hundredths seconds, respectively. The results

proved the conclusions of this study.

iv

Acknowledgement

This study was only made possible and the best result because the

proponents have entrusted the following with faith:

The Almighty God for His divine providence, wisdom and grace

showered upon the researchers.

To Mr and Mrs Carlito Jr. B. Caparida, Mr and Mrs Esmeraldo T.

Cenabre, and Mr and Mrs. Godofredo D. Lape for the financial assistance.

To Engr. Maria Christina B. Condez, the adviser, for helping the

researchers in their endeavours.

To Engr. Randy E Angelia for the assistance in the data gathering of the

study.

To Engr. Esther Tan for her helpful advices as the research coordinator

and her guidance on the statistical analysis and presentation of the results of the

study.

To the UM-FLOATS (University of Mindanao – Flood Alert Telemetric

System) team for the hard work in developing the hardware and the software

for the bases of the testing.

H. A. C.

J. B. V. C.

R. T. L.

v

Table of Contents

Page

TITLE PAGE i

APPROVAL SHEET ii

ABSTRACT iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS v

LIST OF TABLES vii

LIST OF FIGURES viii

CHAPTER

1 INTRODUCTION 1

Background of the Study 1

Statement of the Problem 3

Hypotheses 5

Conceptual/ Theoretical Framework 5

Scope and Limitation of the Study 6

Significance of the Study 7

Definition of Terms 8

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 9

3 METHODOLOGY 14

Research Design 14

Sampling Size 15

Research Procedure 15

Statistical Treatment 16

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 17

5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 24

vi

REFERENCES 26

APPENDICES 30

CURRICULUM VITAE 40

vii

List of Tables

Tables Pages

1 The Average Values of Parameters Using the Floater

Design 17

2 The Average Values of Parameters Using the Ultrasonic

Sensor 18

3 Physical Specifications of the Floater Design 19

4 Physical Specifications of the Ultrasonic Sensor Design 20

5 The Costs to Develop the Designs 21

6 Analysis of Variance on Water Level Readings using the

Floater Design 22

7 Analysis of Variance on Water Level Readings using the

Ultrasonic Design 22

8 t-test Result Comparing Floater Design and Ultrasonic

Sensor Design on Response Time in Seconds 23

9 Water Level Readings using the Floater Design 31

10 Water Level Reading using the Ultrasonic Sensor Design 32

11 Response Time in Seconds of the Floater Design and the

Sonar Design 33

12 Breakdown of Expenditures for the Infrared Sensor with

Floater Design 34

13 Breakdown of Expenditures for the Ultrasonic Sensor

(Sonar) Design 35

14 Proposed Budget 35

viii

List of Figures

Figures Pages

1 Conceptual Framework 6

2 Image of the Floating Sensor Design 36

3 Image of the Ultrasonic Sensor Design 37

4 Gantt Chart 38

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language (2009)

and the Collins English Dictionary (2003) defines “flood” as an overflowing of

water onto land that is normally dry; as the state of the river that is at an

abnormally high level, and as the rising of the tide from low to high water.

Often times, it is described in accordance to its occurrence in which there is a

temporary rise of the water level, or too much runoff from rain or snowmelt or

by coastal storm surges or other tidal (“Flood”, The American Heritage®

Science Dictionary, 2005).

A post from BBC News UK (2012) states the town, Stonehaven,

Aberdeenshire in Scotland, in which most streets are submerged to the waters

and had mud and debris. Then, the flood, peaked to five meters high, that

happened in Pakistan during the late of July 2010 devastated villages. Twenty

percent of the country was still underwater even after weeks (Department of

International Department [DFID], 2010). Moreover, in Bedfordshire On

Sunday (2012) River Elwy in Britain breached its flood defenses and affected

the 3,400 population.

2

Nevertheless, tropical storm “Ondoy” had its landfall in Central and

Southern Philippines (Ribaya, 2009).Then, according to Alave’s (2011) report

in the Philippine Daily Inquirer, “Sendong” disaster was foretold three years

ago wherein there are extreme weather events that would devastate Cagayan de

Oro and Iligan due to massive flooding. Yet, Malig (2011) posted that

Sendong’s floodwaters overwhelmed the funerals and morgues with the

number of dead bodies retrieved from parts of Cagayan de Oro. Furthermore,

the flash flood killed 17 people because of the heavy downpour that overflowed

the Matina Pangi River, Davao, surrounded by 4 barangays, was posted in the

2nd

update of the abs-cbnNEWS.com (2011). Also, the post from Loqal.ph by

Garriga (2011) states that P150 million will be funded to the Department of

Science and Technology (DoST) for the installation of around 1000 automatic

water level sensors for the whole country in assisting potential flood detection.

Yet, only four rivers in the Philippines are equipped with water level sensors

since 1980’s based from DoST’s data.

Over time, the rainy season has started to batter Mindanao and storm

threats to hit the island. So the city government of Davao is acting to alarm

residents with floods like what killed more than 30 people June of 2012

(Manlupig, 2012). Before 2012 ended, the Philippines was stormed by “Pablo”

(international name Bopha). Mindanao was alarmed up to signal #3, yet, was

lifted as the storm moves over Sulu and Palawan islands. The typhoon had

affected more regions, especially those in low-lying and mountainous areas,

and alerted with possible flash floods and landslides (Rappler.com, 2012).

3

So the researchers, as students of the Computer Engineering Department

of the College of Engineering Education of the University of Mindanao have

attempted to develop a telemetric flood monitoring device. Apt, the proponents

of this study will test the effectiveness of the telemetric flood monitoring

device.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to establish the best telemetric design for a flood

monitoring device. Specifically, it tried to attain the following objectives:

1. To determine the average values using the following parameters for the

floating sensor design:

a. Water level:

a.1. Actual Reading;

a.2. Displayed Reading; and

a.3. Transmitted Reading

b. Response time of the system

2. To determine the average values using the following parameters for the

ultrasonic sensor design:

a. Water level:

a.1. Actual Reading;

a.2. Displayed Reading; and

4

a.3. Transmitted Reading

b. Response time of the system

3. To determine the physical specifications of the designs, namely:

a. Floating Sensor; and

b. Ultrasonic Sensor

4. To identify the cost to develop the designs, namely:

a. Floating Sensor; and

b. Ultrasonic Sensor

5. To determine if there exists a significant difference in the actual,

displayed and transmitted values of the water level reading for the

floating sensor design.

6. To determine if there exists a significant difference in the actual,

displayed and transmitted values of the water level reading for the

ultrasonic sensor design.

7. To determine if there exists a significant difference in the response time

of the system for the floating sensor and the ultrasonic sensor designs.

5

Hypotheses

H01 : There is no significant difference in the actual, displayed

and transmitted values of the water level reading for the

floating sensor design.

H02 : There is no significant difference in the actual, displayed

and transmitted values of the water level reading for the


H03 : There is no significant difference in the response time of

thesystem for the floating sensor and the ultrasonic sensor

designs.

Conceptual/ Theoretical Framework

The independent variables of this study were the types of design, namely

floating sensor and ultrasonic sensor. An Information and Communications

Technology (ICT) project was developed and deployed flood gauging

instruments in critical flood prone areas. The system used an ultrasonic sensor

to accurately measure and determine the flood water level in real time. The

sensor measures the rate of change of water level and sends the collected

information to the server through a Short Message System (SMS) (Department

of Science and Technology [DoST], 2012). Also, the Floater Sensor Network

(2012) had a floater sensor demonstration to estimate the river flow and

contaminant propagation in real time to make water maps showing the motion

6

of the river which may be a tool to establish the corresponding flow or

overflow due to flood.

Then, the dependent variables were the tests of effectiveness in terms of

water level reading and response time of each type of designs. According to

Zheng’s (2012) study,monitoring flood using multi-source satellite sensors

reliable early flood warning, real-time monitoring of flood development, and

fast and accurate assessment to flood losses are needed to effectively design a

flood monitoring system or device.

Figure 1.The Conceptual Framework

Scope and Limitation of the Study

The researchers covered only the computations and statistical analysis of

the gathered data from the tabulation of trials made. There was a limit of

twenty (20) trials done.

TYPES OF DESIGN

1) Floating Sensor2) Ultrasonic Sensor

EFFECTIVENESS

a) Water Level Reading

b) Response Time

Independent Variable

Dependent Variable

7

The study was limited accordingly to the tally of readings done in

number of trials. Then, the expected response time were gathered in terms of

critical water level only. And there was a comparison and contrast between the

specific physical components and actual cost in the construction of each device.

Significance of the Study

Flood has been one of the inevitable calamities in the world today.

Knowing that 75 percent of the earth’s surface is water, an excess amount

would devastate any low land areas. So, this study described the following as

its target beneficiaries:

Communities. Those that are situated in low-land areas and near the

river banks where flood usually starts. They will attest the functionality of the

selected device in case flood occurs.

University of Mindanao. The institution where the preliminaries were

tested and also as a victim of overflowed waters from the near Davao River. It

will assist the institution on disseminating information as the host for the

control server.

Students. The human factors that most constitute the institutions and

communities to give awareness and update on the flood occurrence. They will

be informed as soon as the flood happens upon their subscription or being

inside the institution.

8

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined accordingly to their function in the

study:

Effectiveness. This is a test on how accurate, precise and reliable a

device is.

Telemetry. The transmission in which the source of data is very distant

Flood monitoring device. An electronic device that identifies the water

level of a location and response in times of critical point through telemetric

system.

Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

There have been many studies conducted on how to reduce the risk of

flood to communities: individuals, properties and livelihood. In this section,

researches and literatures are cited to support the following in the

experimentation of the effectiveness of the telemetric flood monitoring device.

Water Level

The Webster’s Dictionary (2005) defines water level or water mark as a

mark indicating the height to which water has risen, especially the height of

high tide or low tide. This rise of water level is most likely caused by heavy

rainfall. Campbell Scientific Australia (2009) supplied a system in which water

level is measured because most inland floods are the effect of heavy rainfall,

often, a ground which is already saturated by previous rain events can be

expected to be flooded.

Moreover, critical water levels in localities, especially those that are

recognized as flood prone areas, are monitored and recorded. In Bedfordshire,

Great Britain, the River Elwy breached its flood defense and marked a flood

height of 14 feet 3 inches (4.35 meters). This was more than 3 feet (1 meter)

deeper than its record in November 2009 which was 11 feet 4 inches (3.47

meters) (Bedfordshire OnSunday, 2012).

10

Furthermore, during the Sendong flash flood, Betonio (2012) of SunStar

Cagayan de Oro posted that the water level was about nine to ten inches deep.

Then, the heavy rain from tropical storm caused flood waters to rise one meter

(3 feet) high in less than an hour. The rainwater was one month’s worth or so

that reached levels much taller than an average Filipino (Hub, 2012).

Even though inland floods devastate many settlers, the water level can

also be monitored in seas and near shores. Rebaya (2009) posted that during

Ondoy’s landfall, the sea conditions were rough with very big waves in heights

of 3.7 to 4.5 meters.

Response Time

“Response time” is identified as the length of time taken by a system to

respond to an instruction (Collins English Dictionary, 2009). Also, Macmillan

Dictionary (2013) defines it as the amount of time that it takes to react to

something.

Then, a prudent step toward improving public safety services was

having a response time goal (Kroboth, 2003). Also, based from Fitch (1993),

in generating short response times to patience of medical emergencies, a good

average response time for a service may indicate only the service places of its

ambulance or response team in areas of highest demand. With this, a specified

goal is based for percentile compliance. For example, within 10 minutes, 90

percent of the calls must be responded.

11

From setting goals and recording time, monthly monitoring the response

time is the basis for the compliance (International Association of Fire Fighters

[IAFF], 1999). Kroboth (2003) added that an annual basis should be done to

thoroughly review the response time goal compliance. He claimed that

deficiencies should be identified and recommendation can be made to reduce

the response time if operational changes are noted.

Yet, basically, response is an act of responding, a reply or answer to a

demand, or a reaction to a stimulus (Webster’s, 2005). So in concern of time, a

good response has to be done in least time possible.

Principles of Telemetry

Telemetry, to Merriam-Webster Concise Encyclopedia (2013), is when

remote or inaccessible instruments send data, then a receiving equipment

measures, monitors, displays and records in a highly automated communication

process. It is also the transmitting information to a central or host location after

sensing and measuring that information at some remote location, based from

Minnesota State University [MNSU] (2013).

According to L-3 Communications Telemetry West [L-3] (2000),

telemetry is the science of measuring quantities, transmitting the result to

distant station, and interpreting, indicating, and/or recording the quantities

measured. This principle saves time and money in travelling, flood warning (or

forecasting) and know if the station is working correctly (Hycos.org, 2005).

12

When an object’s characteristics are measured (e.g. velocity of an

aircraft), the results are transmitted to a distant station where they are

displayed, recorded and analyzed in the process of telemetry (L-3, 2000). In a

telemetric system, there are exchanges happening between the central system,

periodically triggered by all links by cyclical polling, and the operator that

requests or transmits data to the central supervisory system upon the

occurrence of an event, based from Schneider-electric.com (2013).

Media of Telemetry

According to L-3 (2000), “the transmission media of telemetry may be

by air or space for satellite application, or copper wire and fiber cable for static

ground environments like power generating plants”. Telemetry transmission

can be typed as landline, cellphone, VHF or IHF radio, satellite receiving

systems, or satellite phone (satphone) (Hycos.org, 2005).

Transmission media may be wired or radio link, but it may be noted that

optical, ultrasonic and laser beam links are also used for transmission of data

(Murty, 2008). In Cobham (2012), an application to solar powered aircraft is

conducted as a medium of transmitting power.

Through the media of telemetry, an accurate and precise data can be

expected from this study. Moreover, every time that a critical water level will

be pointed out, an immediate response through SMS should be received from

the server to its concerned clients. Hence, testing the effectiveness a telemetric

13

flood monitoring device supports to establish the best device that suits every

clientele’s consciousness is important.

Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

In conducting the experimental design, precision and accuracy of data

gathering and manipulation took place. The research design, sample size,

research procedure, and statistical treatments were concisely identified by the

researchers in testing the effectiveness of a telemetric flood monitoring device.

Research Design

According to Taylor (2013), in experimental designs, the researchers do

not exist as observers anymore but as experimenters that randomize trials and

compare treatments. Thus, the researchers classified this study as an

experimental research that identified the best and most suitable design for a

telemetric flood monitoring device. This was an experimental research for the

purpose of testing the effectiveness (with respect to the water level reading and

response time records of the two types of design) – the floating sensor and

ultrasonic sensor.

15

Sample Size

There were twenty (20) trials in collecting the readings in water level

and the response time. The reading of the water level in each trial was done

once; however, the response time was observed twice and the shorter time was

recorded.

Research Procedures

The project tested the designs’ effectiveness as a telemetric flood

monitoring device in terms of the readings of water level and the records of

response time. The reading was tallied in three, namely Actual Reading,

Displayed Reading and Transmitted Reading. The actual reading was based on

the human intervention; hence, the actual height of the water was measured by

the researcher. Then, the device had a liquefied crystal display (LCD) display

or an indicator that presented or represented the reading of the circuitry – this

was the displayed reading. Lastly, the control area or server computer gave the

transmitted reading from the device through the Global System for Mobile

Communications (GSM). This procedure was repeated for the 20-trial test of

the floater design and the sonar design.

The water was set with a critical level. Each device had an indicator that

signaled the sending of data through the GSM. The indicator kept on blinking

or lighting up until the data was successfully sent. When the indicator was

turned off, the time was recorded as the sent time by the device. Meanwhile, as

16

the software received the data from the device, the time it entered the database

was the received time for the software. There were twenty repetitions done in

gathering the data for the transmission time.

After the tally of readings and time, the specific components used in

each device were compared, and the actual cost in the manufacture of each

design was identified for the alternative perspective of each development.

Statistical Treatment

The statistical treatment used in this study pointed out the significant

differences of the independent variables. The following were the statistical

tools noted in the manipulation of data:

Mean. This was the average reading for water level and response time.

T-test. This tested whether the difference in the response time of the two

designs, floating and ultrasonic sensor, had significance.

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in one-way factor. This was used to

test the significant difference between the actual, displayed and transmitted

values of the water level readings.

Chapter 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

In this chapter, the results of the experimentations were presented. The

instrumentations and statistical references were also discussed. The researchers

calculated the data gathered for further decision making on the hypothesis and

for the effectiveness of the telemetric flood monitoring device.

In table 1 is presented the average values of parameters using the floater

design. The water level readings are divided into three, namely: actual,

displayed and transmitted readings. All of these average 121.50 inches. Also,

the average response time of the said design is 24 seconds.

Table 1

The Average Values of Parameters Using the Floater Design

Parameters Averages

a) Water Level

Actual Reading 7.55 inches

Displayed Reading 7,55 inches

Transmitted Reading 7.55 inches

b) Response Time 7.90 seconds

The table above displays the similarities of average readings of the

floater design and the average interval of messaging from the device to the

server program. Table 9 and Table 11 of the Appendices tallies the data

18

gathered for every trial done and response time, respectively, for the said

design.

In table 2 is displayed the average values of parameters using the

ultrasonic sensor design. The average water level reading for actual, displayed

and transmitted is all 87.50 inches. Meanwhile, 359 seconds is the mean

response time of this design.

Table 2

The Average Values of Parameters Using the Ultrasonic Sensor

Parameters Averages

a) Water Level

Actual Reading 5.90 inches

Displayed Reading 9.00 inches

Transmitted Reading 10.09 inches

b) Response Time 12.67 seconds

In Table 2, the actual reading differs with the displayed reading because

of the stability of the Arduino’s program which sent a different value. Because

of this, the GSM of device disables to send the data to the server for eleven

trials. Table 10 shows the data of these readings.

Table 3 is the tabulation of the physical specifications of the floater

design. The physical specifications of the device are identified. The quantity or

number of these items and the unit used are also present in this table.

19

Table 3

Physical Specifications of the Floater Design

Physical Specifications Quantity Unit

PVC Structure

Diameter 5 inches

Height 10 feet

Panel

Length 12 inches

Width 12 inches

Thickness 9 inches

Sensor

Infrared 1 piece

The designers of the floater uses a PVC as a containment for the floater

which has a U-trim that blocks and allows the connection of the infrared as the

water inside rises. The panel holds the circuitry of the design as well as the

GSM module for the data transmission. Figure 2 displays the image of this

device.

Table 4 is the enlistment of all the physical specifications of the

ultrasonic sensor design. Physical specifications, quantity as well as its unit are

tallied in this list.

20

Table 4

Physical Specifications of the Ultrasonic Sensor Design

Physical Specifications Quantity Unit

PVC Structure

Diameter 3 inches

Height 8 feet

Panel

Length 6 inches

Width 6 inches

Thickness 3 inches

Sensor

Ultrasonic (sonar) 1 piece

In using the ultrasonic sensor (sonar) for this design, its proponents

programmed the Arduino in calibrating the readings. This Arduino is attached

to the GSM which is inside the panel, placed at the top of the PVC. The sonar

detects the change of water level because of the floater placed inside the tube.

Figure 3 shows the image of the design.

Table 5 is the cost development of each design — floater and ultrasonic

sensor design. The cost in developing the floater design accumulated to 8,296

pesos and 50/100. And an amount of 8,480 pesos is the total costing for the


21

Table 5

The Costs to Develop the Designs

Design Development Cost

Floater Design ₱ 8399.25

Ultrasonic Sensor Design ₱ 7680.00

The costs or expense in developing and manufacturing each design

shows the monetary requirements for its reproduction. In addition, according to

the Department of Regional Development and Environment Executive

Secretariat for Economic and Social Affairs Organization of American States

(1991), infrared scanners, present in the floater design, may be used to monitor

soil moisture and other desertification indicators, yet, having this needs more

money and time allotment. In connection to this, based from the cost

development of each designs, the floater is more costly than the ultrasonic

sensor. Table 12 and Table 13 liquidates the breakdown of these sums.

Table 6 shows the analysis of variance on the water level readings using

the floater design. The computed f-value is zero (0). The tabular value for the

degrees of freedom of 17 for the 0.05-level of significance is 3.59.

22

Table 6

Analysis of Variance on Water Level Readings using the Floater Design

Source of

Variation df SS MS

F – value

Computed Tabular

Between Groups 2 0 0 0 3.59

Within Group 17 162.45 9.55 α = 0.05

Total 19 162.45

Based on the calculation and manipulation of the gathered data, the

results show that the water level readings of the floating sensor are similar. The

f-value of their means results to zero.

Table 7 is the analysis of variance on water level reading using the

ultrasonic sensor design. Zero (0) is the computed f-value. On a level of

significance of 0.05 and degrees of freedom of 17, the tabulated f-value is 3.59.

Table 7

Analysis of Variance on Water Level Readings using the Ultrasonic Design

Source of

Variation df SS MS

F – value

Computed Tabular

Between Groups 2 2.80 1.40 0.11 3.59

Within Group 17 202.57 12.08 α = 0.05

Total 19 205.37

In analyzing the f-value of the readings, the means have different values,

yet, the computed f-value is lesser than the tabular f-value. Their differences

23

were all dependent on the functionality of the Adruino and the GSM upheld in

the design.

Table 8 compares the t-test results between the floater design and the

ultrasonic sensor design on the response time in seconds. Since the degree of

freedom of the test is 24, the tabular t-value is 1.711 under the level of

significance of 0.05. And the computed t-value resulted to 2.246.

Table 8

t-test Result Comparing Floater Design and Ultrasonic Sensor Design on

Response Time in Seconds

Response Time

in seconds of n Mean

T – Value df Decision

Computed Tabular

Floater Design 20 7.90 1.097 1.711** 27 Accept

Sonar Design 9 12.67

**p < 0.05

By testing the probability of difference of the response time of each

design, the finding prove a lesser t-value for the computation than the

tabulation. A decision of acceptance was made, since the result tells so.

Chapter 5

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

This section answers the problems presented in this study through the

conclusions. And the recommendations are also enumerated in this chapter.

Conclusion

The following are the conclusions of the researchers on testing the

effectiveness of the telemetric flood monitoring device:

1) There is no significant difference in the actual, displayed and

transmitted values of the water level readings for the floating sensor

design, thus, the null hypothesis is accepted.

2) There is no significant difference in the actual, displayed and

transmitted values of the water level readings for the ultrasonic sensor

design, thus, the null hypothesis is accepted.

3) There is no significant difference in the response time in the system of

floating sensor design and the ultrasonic sensor design, thus, the null

hypothesis is accepted.

25

Recommendation

For the further studies, the proponents suggest the following

recommendations:

1) The testing on the response time on the messaging to multiple

recipients;

2) The online application of the device’s status; and

3) The addition of more trials for a more precise and accurate data

gathering.

26

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world/2011/12/29/pagasa-gets-p150m-to-buy-flood-sensors/.

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Appendices

31

Table 9

Water Level Readings using the Floater Design

Trials Readings (in inches)

Actual Displayed Transmitted

1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2

3 3 3 3

4 4 4 4

5 5 5 5

6 6 6 6

7 7 7 7

8 8 8 8

9 9 9 9

10 10 10 10

11 11 11 11

12 12 12 12

13 13 13 13

14 14 14 14

15 15 15 15

16 12 12 12

17 8 8 8

18 10 10 10

19 1 1 1

20 0 0 0

N 20 20 20

Sum 151 151 151

Mean 7.55 7.55 7.55

32

Table 10

Water Level Reading using the Ultrasonic Sensor Design

Trials Readings (in inches)

Actual Displayed Transmitted

1 0 0 0

2 1 1 1

3 2 2 2

4 3 3 3

5 5 5 5

6 5 26* 26*

7 5 5 5

8 6 25* 25*

9 6 6 6

10 7 7 7

11 8 8 not received**









20 9 31* 31*

N 20 20 11

Sum 118 180 111

Mean 5.90 9.00 10.09

Note: *the device happens to send a different data, even though the water level

did not change

**when the indicator of the device signals that the data has been sent,

yet the server did not receive any data

33

Table 11

Response Time in Seconds of the Floater Design and the Sonar Design

Trials

Response Time (in seconds)

Floater Design Sonar Design

X1 (X1)2 X2 (X2)2

1 4 16 9 81

2 4 16 12 144

3 5 25 14 196

4 9 81 16 256

5 10 100 12 144

6 6 36 bug*

7 5 25 13 169

8 20 400 7 49

9 4 16 15 225

10 8 64 16 256










20 11 121 bug*

N 20 9

Sum 158 1646 114 1520

Mean 7.90 82.30 12.67 168.89

Note: *the device happens to send a different data, even though the water level

did not change

**when the indicator of the device signals that the data has been sent,

yet the server did not receive any data

34

Table 12

Breakdown of Expenditures for the Infrared Sensor with Floater Design

Item Name Quantity Unit Unit Price Total Cost

40-Pin Socket 4 Pcs ₱ 10.00 ₱ 40.00

PIC16f877A 2 Pcs ₱ 250.00 ₱ 500.00

GSM Module Sim 900D 1 Pc ₱ 2225.00 ₱ 2225.00

LED Assorted 30 Pcs ₱ 2.00 ₱ 60.00

Header Connector 1 Set ₱ 45.00 ₱ 45.00

AC/DC Adapter 5V/1.5A 1 Pc ₱ 210.00 ₱ 210.00

AC/DC Adapter 5V/800mA 3 Pcs ₱ 50.00 ₱ 150.00

USB Cable 3 Pcs ₱ 50.00 ₱ 150.00

Socket with Plug 6 Pcs ₱ 20.00 ₱ 120.00

5-Pin Cable Connector 2 Pcs ₱ 20.00 ₱ 40.00

Crystal Oscillator 4MHz 4 Pcs ₱ 38.00 ₱ 152.00

Ceramic Capacitor 8 Pcs ₱ 1.00 ₱ 8.00

Resistor Assorted 58 Pcs ₱ 0.50 ₱ 29.00

PCB Board 5x4 2 Pc ₱ 20.00 ₱ 40.00

PCB Board 2x7 2 Pc ₱ 17.50 ₱ 35.00

Coin Slot Sensor 6 pcs ₱ 50.00 ₱ 300.00

PCB Spacer 16 pcs ₱ 1.00 ₱ 16.00

Bolts and Nuts 60 pcs ₱ 1.50 ₱ 90.00

RJ-45 Jack 4 pcs ₱ 40.00 ₱ 160.00

RJ-45 4 pcs ₱ 8.00 ₱ 32.00

UTP Cable CAT5 6 meter ₱ 20.00 ₱ 120.00

Etching Solution 1 bottle ₱ 25.00 ₱ 25.00

Masking Tape 2 Pc ₱ 31.50 ₱ 63.00

Sticker (Numeric Label) 2 Ft ₱ 30.00 ₱ 60.00

PCB Layout Print 1 sheet ₱ 45.00 ₱ 45.00

Acrylic Spray Paint (Black) 1 Can ₱ 100.00 ₱ 100.00

Acrylic Spray Paint (Silver) 3 Can ₱ 120.00 ₱ 360.00

Sand Paper 1 sheet ₱ 50.00 ₱ 50.00

Acrylic Spray Paint

(Yellow) 1 Can ₱ 120.00 ₱ 120.00

PVC Pipe S-1000 1 length ₱ 628.25 ₱ 628.25

PVC Coupling 3 Pcs ₱ 55.00 ₱ 165.00

Clean-Out with Plug 1 Pc ₱ 70.00 ₱ 70.00

PVC Tee 1 Pc ₱ 70.00 ₱ 70.00

U-Clip Aluminum Rod 10 Ft ₱ 10.00 ₱ 100.00

Plastic Floater 1 Pc ₱ 70.00 ₱ 70.00

Acrylic Board (12in x 12in

x 3mm) 4 sheets ₱ 100.00 ₱ 400.00

Acrylic Board (12in x 12in

x 1.5mm) 1 sheet ₱ 100.00 ₱ 100.00

Angular Aluminum Rod 21 Ft ₱ 10.00 ₱ 210.00

35

Revits 120 Pcs ₱ 0.50 ₱ 60.00

Acrylic Glue 1 Pc ₱ 80.00 ₱ 80.00

Glass Sealant 1 Pc ₱ 170.00 ₱ 170.00

CPU Fan 1 Pc ₱ 50.00 ₱ 50.00

Extension Plug 1 Pc ₱ 70.00 ₱ 70.00

Door Lock 1 Pc ₱ 11.00 ₱ 11.00

Battery 1 Pc ₱ 800.00 ₱ 800.00

TOTAL COST ₱ 8399.25

Table 13

Breakdown of Expenditures for the Ultrasonic Sensor (Sonar) Design

Item Name Quantity Unit Unit Price Total Cost

DC Adapter 2 Pc ₱ 260.00 ₱ 520.00

GSM Module Sims 900D 1 Pc ₱ 2225.00 ₱ 2225.00

GizDuinoATmega 644

Ultrasonic Sensor US-100

1

1

Pc

pc

₱

₱

760.00

325.00

₱

₱

760.00

325.00

Acrylic Glass 4 Pcs ₱ 110.00 ₱ 440.00

Drainage PVC Pipe 10 Ft ₱ 15.00 ₱ 150.00

U Clip 1 length ₱ 110.00 ₱ 110.00

Delivery Cost (Manila) 4 shipping ₱ 250.00 ₱ 1000.00

GSM Prepaid Load 1 Card ₱ 1000.00 ₱ 1000.00

Xiameter Silicon Sealant 1 Pc ₱ 150.00 ₱ 150.00

Miscellaneous 1 expense ₱ 1800.00 ₱ 1000.00

TOTAL COST ₱ 7680.00

Table 14

Proposed Budget

Quantity Unit Description Unit Price Amount

1 ream A4 Paper 225.00 225.00

4 bottle Printer Ink 100.00 400.00

Miscellaneous 1000.00

5 TOTAL 1625.00

36

Figure 2. Image of the Floating Sensor Design:

(a) front view; and (b) back view

(a) (b)

9 Inches

5 Inches

12 Inches

12 Inches

10 Feet

12 Inches

10 Feet

9 Inches

12 Inches

37

Figure 3. Image of the Ultrasonic Sensor Design

3 Inches

6 Inches

6 Inches

8.5 Feet

3 inches

38

Figure 4. Gantt Chart

Activities W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12 W13 W14 W15 W16 W17 W18 W19

Orientation

Evaluation of Documents

Evaluation of Datasheets

Survey for Geographic

Significance

Collect of Data

Evaluation of Cost

Evaluate of Physical Components

Statistical Analysis

Preparation for Final Defense

Final Defense of Proposal

Revision of Papers

Submit Final Papers

Curriculum Vitae

HAROLD A. CAPARIDA Purok 8 801-1 Datu Bago Street, Bankerohan, Davao City, Philippines

[email protected]

(63) 909 – 364 – 0595

“’Google' is not a synonym for 'research'.”

JOB EXPERIENCE

Position: On-the-Job Trainee (Inet Department)

Company Name: DctecH Micro Services, Incorporated

Address: Ponciano Reyes Street, Davao City

Inclusion: April 4 – May 17, 2013 (256 Hours)

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Bachelor Degree: University of Mindanao, Matina, Davao City

Program: BS Computer Engineering (2008-2013)

Secondary: Daniel R. Aguinaldo National High School

Elementary: Magallanes Elementary School

PROJECTS: (from recent to previous)

Titles Academic Year

Effectiveness of the Telemetric Flood Monitoring Device

(Project Design) 2013-2014

Household Electricity Coin-slot Prepayment System

(Input-Output System) 2013-2014

Enhancement of Encrypted Door (Microprocessors) 2012-2013

Automated Waste Sorter (Advanced Logic Circuits) 2011-2012

Encrypted Door (Assembly Language) 2010-2011

Parking Lot System (Logic Circuits) 2010-2011

JHUN BRYAN V. CENABRE Blk.6 Lot 12 Phase 2 Narra St. Awhag Village Bacaca, Davao City, Philippines

[email protected]

(63) 909 – 909 – 9185

“It takes half your life before you discover life is a do-it-yourself project.”

JOB EXPERIENCE

Position: On-the-Job Trainee (EDP Department)

Company Name: Davao City Water District

Address: Km. 5, J.P. Laurel Ave. Davao City, Philippines





Secondary: Davao City National High School

Elementary: San Roque Central Elementary School







Flood Monitoring System (Microprocessor) 2012-2013

Online Faculty Subject Loading System (Software Eng’g) 2012-2013

Automated Parking Space System (Advance Logic Circuits) 2011-2012

Crowd Limiter System (Assembly Language) 2010-2011

RALDEY T. LAPE Purok 14, Antonio O. Floirendo, Panabo City, Philippines

[email protected]

(63) 910 – 289 – 1329

“Imagine, think, act, and perceive.”

JOB EXPERIENCE

Position: On-the-Job Trainee (Technical Operations Dept.)

Company Name: PLDT – PhilCom

Address: Km. 31, National Highway, Gredu, Panabo City





Secondary: Zion Christian School of Tanglaw, Inc.

Elementary: Zion Christian School of Tanglaw, Inc.







Flood Monitoring System (Microprocessor) 2012 - 2013

Automatic Power Switch for Laboratory Safety and

Conservation of Energy (Advance Logic Circuits) 2012 - 2013

Wind Direction Detection (Assembly Language) 2011 - 2012

Effectiveness of the telemetric flood monitoring device

Technology

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