Effectiveness of SODIS in Rural and Urban Areas of Bangladesh

Supervised by Submitted by PROF. DR. MD. REZAUL KARIM Mostansir Billah NayeemProfessor Student no.095433Department of CEE J.M. Rakibul HasanIslamic University of Technology Student no.095407

What Is SODIS ?

SODIS is Simply Solar Disinfection System.This process is carried out by PET bottlesFilling with contaminated water. placing bottles in the full sun for at least 6 hours. The concentrated sunlight radiation and synergistic effect of thermal energy reduce the fecal contamination in water.

WHY SODIS About 20% of rural and 37% of

urban population living below the national poverty line. These people have limited access to clean drinking water.

Some 110,000 kids die of water borne diseases annually in BangladeshAs a developing country, we need more economic and effective process for disinfection of water especially for poor people.

The SODIS method is ideal for treating water for drinking in developing countries.

Our Study Purpose

The objective of this study is to test the inactivation of various parameters by solar disinfection. Parameters like Total Coliform (T.C)Fecal Coliform (F.C)Escherichia Coli (E.Coli) Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC)

The Effectiveness is compared by undertaking the SODIS experiment

with variations

• Black surface, Foil Papers, Aluminum surface etc.

• Glass Bottles or pet bottles

• Standing and Lying

MethodologySampling

Bacteria Culture

Solar Radiation

Preparation of Media

Testing Method

Incubation

Counting

Documentation

Cross Checking

Sampling

Collection

Labeling

Exposure

Lab PrecautionsAll processes were carried out using aseptic technique, including the use of 70% ethanol to sterilize workspaces and hands.All glassware, est solutions, and medias were sterilized by autoclaving at 121°C .

BACTERIA CULTUREBacteria culture or microbial culture, is a method of multiplying microbial organisms by letting them reproduce in predetermined culture media under controlled laboratory conditions. For our experiment we used

streak plate method. The process involves

spreading bacteria across an agar plate and allowing them to incubate at a certain temperature for a period of time.

Streak plate method of Culture

After incubation chose a discrete colony and picked it up with a loop, put it into falcon tube full of saline water, Dilute it and put same amount (100micro ltr) of diluted bacteria to each sample of pet bottle filled with normal saline.

Solar Radiation Measurement

The global solar radiation incident on an inclined surface was measured by using an Eppley Radiometer Pyranometer.

There is a probe with the Pyranometer which is placed at 23.5 degree angle with sun at the specific time of sampling.

Consecutively zero, 1st, 2nd , 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th ,7th hours of solar radiation data are collected.

Preparation of MediaName Amount of

Media Amount of Distilled Water

m Endo broth

48 gm 1000 ml

MFC 37 gm 1000 ml

Nutrient Agar

23 gm 1000 ml

Bacto Agar

15.6 gm 1000 ml

Preparation of Media

Mixing Agar or broth with distilled water.Heating the Solution.Pouring in Petri Dishes.

Testing Method

Filter

Droplet

Diluted Droplet

Incubation we kept them in the

incubator in different temperature for different media for 24 hours.

HPC, mEndo and TC are kept at 35-37 degree Celsius temperature.

FC is kept at 44 degree Celsius

Counting Name Identification

Color

Fc Blackish Blue

Tc Blackish Blue

E.Coli Golden Metallic Sheen

HPC white

Documentation And Result AnalysisExperimental Data Compiled in Excel Sheet

Date: 5.9.13 Cultured BacteriaContainer Pet Bottle

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

22602100

17801880

17401630 1590 1660

18501690

15501690

13001210

1110 1030

560 580 520 440320 340 270

90

13601250 1290

1200

950

730 710 650

Parameters vs Time

TC(Total Coliform)x10^3(c.f.u./100ml)FC(Fecal Coliform)x10^3(c.f.u./100ml)Escherichia Coliformx10^3 (c.f.u./100ml)HPCx10^4 (c.f.u./1ml)

Effect of Solar Radiation on different Parameters

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

430510 490

430 410 450 405 365

Parameters and Solar Radiation

TC(Total Coliform)x10^3(c.f.u./100ml)FC(Fecal Coliform)x10^3(c.f.u./100ml)Escherichia Coliformx10^3 (c.f.u./100ml)HPCx10^4 (c.f.u./1ml)Solar Radiation (w/m^2)

Hourly Variation of Temperature and Solar Radiation

10.40 am

11.40 am

12.40 am

1.40 pm

2.40 pm

3.40 pm

4.40 pm

5.40 pm

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

4138

36 36

32

43

39

35

Temperature

Temperature

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Solar Radiation (w/m^2)

Solar Radiation (w/m^2)

Hourly Percentage reduction of Different Parameters

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

% Reduction TC

Axis Title

Axis Title

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

% Reduction FC

Axis Title

Axis Title

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th-10

01020304050607080

% Reduction E.Coli

Axis Title

Axis Title

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

% Reduction HPC

Axis Title

Axis Title

Date: 5.10.13 Cultured BacteriaContainer : Pet Bottle

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

22002304

1580

11131008

852 811 768

12061092

938771 779

697600 538

988920

658560

490 498

311

112

710600 570 510

440 480320 380

TC(Total Coliform)x10^3(c.f.u./100ml)FC(Fecal Coliform)x10^3(c.f.u./100ml)Escherichia Coliformx10^3 (c.f.u./100ml)HPCx10^4 (c.f.u./1ml)

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

18001670

15901510

1113 1146

852 846 798

1109988 937

870 885777

698 678

320 280220 200 200 220 170

110

926831

710632 599 615

513 469

Parameter vs time

TC(Total Coliform)x10^3(c.f.u./100ml)FC(Fecal Coliform)x10^3(c.f.u./100ml)Escherichia Coliformx10^3 (c.f.u./100ml)HPCx10^4 (c.f.u./1ml)

Date : 9.9.13Bacteria CultureContainer : Pet Bottle.

Comparing the effectiveness by undertaking the SODIS experiment with variations

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

12401160

1120 1090

850

520

260

160

940 960

750

550

420 490

260

80

655 630

512 480

325

215 189 141

TC(Total Coliform)(c.f.u./100ml)FC(Fecal Coliform)(c.f.u./100ml)HPCx10^4 (c.f.u./1ml)

Date : 24.6.13Source of water: IUT Pond + PSFContainer : Foil backing.

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

1160

1620

1080990

850900

840780

1040

102

980

780690 650 690

580

755690

612512 475

315229 189

TC(Total Coliform)(c.f.u./100ml)FC(Fecal Coliform)(c.f.u./100ml)HPCx10^4 (c.f.u./1ml)

Date : 24.6.13Source of water: IUT Pond + PSFContainer : Glass Bottle.

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1120

1390

1260

850

660

520

260360

840

960

660

550

420350

260160

605550 532

436335

222 189 199

TC(Total Coliform)(c.f.u./100ml)FC(Fecal Coliform)(c.f.u./100ml)HPCx10^4 (c.f.u./1ml)

Date : 24.6.13Source of water: IUT Pond + PSFContainer : Pet Bottle.

Comparing The Effectiveness of Bacteria Reduction among Glass, Pet and Foil backing surface bottle

FOIL BACKING SURFACE BOTTLE PET BOTTLE GLASS BOTTLE0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

90.00%

100.00%

Reduction

Axis Title

Discussion

Irregularity in the Graph

• In The Graph in some position we have seen some irregularities.In the Graph amount of total coliform in 2nd hour suddenly Increases.

• There can be possible two reason of this phenomena

1. Contaminated 2nd hour bottle.2. Regrowth of Total Coliform.

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

1160

1620

1080990

850 900840

780

TC(Total Coliform)(c.f.u./100ml)

TC(Total Coliform)(c.f.u./100ml)

Conclusion

• So From All our Experiment We Can Conclude that #SODIS is applicable in our Atmosphere. As we have seen significant reduction of bacteria. #PET bottle with Foil Backing surface may be the best among variations #SODIS is cheaper and Helpful for the Poor people.

References

1. "Household water treatment and safe storage". World Health Organization. Retrieved 30 November 2010.

2. United Nations Development Programme (1999). Human Development Report 1999. New York: Oxford University Press.

3. Madigan, Michael T. (2012). Brock biology of microorganisms (13th ed ed.). San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings.

THANK YOU ALL!