Effective use of PowerPoint for Teaching and...
Transcript of Effective use of PowerPoint for Teaching and...
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Effective use of PowerPoint
for Teaching and Research
Department of Chemistry
The University of Jordan
Adjunct professor
Memorial University - Canada
اإلستخدام الفّعال للبوربوينت في التعليم
والبحث العلمي
Mansour H. Almatarneh
Nov. 9, 2016
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Acknowledgment
Mrs. Allyson Hajek
Memorial University
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Agenda
Introduction / Why use PowerPoint?
Areas of Concern
Tips and Techniques for
Designing
Learning
Presenting
Summary and Close
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Why use PowerPoint?
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Areas of Concern
Teaching and learning principles
Presentation/lecture design
Visual design
Delivery/presentation skills
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Visual Design
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Identification
The humpback whale is blackish in color with white underneath and at its
sides.
Its wing-like pectoral fins, or flippers, are mottled on the top and white below.
A humpback whale’s jaws and flippers often carry large barnacles.
It’s head, which is broad and round, and lower jaw are spotted with knobby
protuberances or tubercles each with a long coarse hair growing from the
center.
There are between 20-50 ventral grooves which extend slightly beyond the
navel.
The tail, or flukes, which can be 18 feet wide, is serrated and pointed at the
tips.
The underside of the tail is white with black patterning which is distinctive to
each individual whale.
Adult males measure 40-48 feet (12.2-14.6 m). Adult females measure 45-50
feet (13.7-15.2 m).
They weigh 25 to 40 tons (22,680-36,287 kg).
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Guideline:
1. Limit amount of text on slide.
provide outline not transcript
use words and phrases not complete sentences
6 х 6 rule: six lines of text with
six words per line
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Guideline:
2. Use readable font sizes.
titles: 32 or greater
body text: 24 or greater
12 point type
16 point type
20 point type
24 point type
28 point type
32 point type
36 point type
40 point type
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Identification
The humpback whale is blackish in color with white underneath and at its
sides.
Its wing-like pectoral fins, or flippers, are mottled on the top and white below.
A humpback whale’s jaws and flippers often carry large barnacles.
It’s head, which is broad and round, and lower jaw are spotted with knobby
protuberances or tubercles each with a long coarse hair growing from the
center.
There are between 20-50 ventral grooves which extend slightly beyond the
navel.
The tail, or flukes, which can be 18 feet wide, is serrated and pointed at the
tips.
The underside of the tail is white with black patterning which is distinctive to
each individual whale.
Adult males measure 40-48 feet (12.2-14.6 m). Adult females measure 45-50
feet (13.7-15.2 m).
They weigh 25 to 40 tons (22,680-36,287 kg).
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Identification
Blackish with white underneath and at sides
Flippers (pectoral fins) mottled on top, white below
Jaws and flippers carry large barnacles
Knobby protuberances (tubercles) on head and
lower jaw; each tubercle has long coarse hair
20-50 ventral grooves extend beyond navel
Tail (flukes)18 feet wide, serrated, and pointed
at tips
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Identification (Cont.)
Tail underside is white with black patterning
distinctive to individual
Length: males 40-48 ft; females 45-50 ft.
Weight: 25 to 40 tons
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Identification
Blackish with white underneath and at sides
Flippers (pectoral fins) mottled on top, white below
Jaws and flippers carry large barnacles
Knobby protuberances (tubercles) on head and lower jaw; each tubercle has long coarse
hair
20-50 ventral grooves extend beyond navel
Tail (flukes) 18 feet wide, serrated, and pointed at tips
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Guideline:
3. Use readable font styles.
use common, easy-to-read fonts, e.g., Arial,
Helvetica, Verdana
decorative/fancy fonts are hard to read
decorative font may not be available on
presentation computer
a. This text is displayed in 24 pt. Verdana.
c. This text is displayed in 24 pt. Times New Roman.
b. This text is displayed in 24 pt. Allegro.
d. This text is displayed in 24 pt. Kaufmann. 14
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Serif 15
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Serif Fonts
Times
Georgia Palatino
Sans-Serif Fonts
Arial
Futura
Verdana
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Guideline:
4. Left align all text.
difficult to read more than two lines of centered
or right aligned text
exception: titles may be centered
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Identification
Blackish with white underneath and at sides
Flippers (pectoral fins) mottled on top, white below
Jaws and flippers carry large barnacles
Knobby protuberances (tubercles) on head and lower jaw; each tubercle has long coarse
hair
20-50 ventral grooves extend beyond navel
Tail (flukes) 18 feet wide, serrated, and pointed at tips
18
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Identification
Blackish with white underneath and at sides
Flippers (pectoral fins) mottled on top, white below
Jaws and flippers carry large barnacles
Knobby protuberances (tubercles) on head and
lower jaw; each tubercle has long coarse hair
20-50 ventral grooves extend beyond navel
Tail (flukes) 18 feet wide, serrated, and pointed
at tips
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IDENTIFICATION
BLACKISH WITH WHITE UNDERNEATH AND AT SIDES
FLIPPERS (PECTORAL FINS) MOTTLED ON TOP,
WHITE BELOW
JAWS AND FLIPPERS CARRY LARGE BARNACLES
KNOBBY PROTUBERANCES (TUBERCLES) ON HEAD
AND LOWER JAW; EACH TUBERCLE HAS LONG
COARSE HAIR
20-50 VENTRAL GROOVES EXTEND BEYOND NAVEL
TAIL (FLUKES) 18 FEET WIDE, SERRATED, AND
POINTED AT TIPS
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help
read
HELP
READ
Guideline:
5. Limit the use of all caps.
text in all upper case letters harder to read than
lower case or title case
reserve use for titles not body text
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Guidelines:
6. Limit the number of colors and fonts.
maximum of three colors
two simple, easy-to-read fonts – one for
headings, one for body text
7. Use a consistent look and feel from slide to slide.
select a design template and stick with the color
scheme and layout
don’t vary text size and color
don’t vary color and position of background
graphics
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IDENTIFICATION
BLACKISH WITH WHITE UNDERNEATH AND AT SIDES
FLIPPERS (PECTORAL FINS) MOTTLED ON TOP,
WHITE BELOW
JAWS AND FLIPPERS CARRY LARGE BARNACLES
KNOBBY PROTUBERANCES (TUBERCLES) ON HEAD
AND LOWER JAW; EACH TUBERCLE HAS LONG
COARSE HAIR
20-50 VENTRAL GROOVES EXTEND BEYOND NAVEL
TAIL (FLUKES) 18 FEET WIDE, SERRATED, AND
POINTED AT TIPS
23
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Identification
Blackish with white underneath and at sides
Flippers (pectoral fins) mottled on top, white below
Jaws and flippers carry large barnacles
Knobby protuberances (tubercles) on head and
lower jaw; each tubercle has long coarse hair
20-50 ventral grooves extend beyond navel
Tail (flukes) 18 feet wide, serrated, and pointed
at tips
24
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Identification
Blackish with white underneath and at sides
Flippers (pectoral fins) mottled on top, white below
Jaws and flippers carry large barnacles
Knobby protuberances (tubercles) on head and
lower jaw; each tubercle has long coarse hair
20-50 ventral grooves extend beyond navel
Tail (flukes) 18 feet wide, serrated, and pointed
at tips
25
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Identification
Blackish with white underneath and at sides
Flippers (pectoral fins) mottled on top, white below
Jaws and flippers carry large barnacles
Knobby protuberances (tubercles) on head and
lower jaw; each tubercle has long coarse hair
20-50 ventral grooves extend beyond navel
Tail (flukes) 18 feet wide, serrated, and pointed
at tips
26
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Guideline:
8. Maximize contrast between the text and background.
dark text on light background or light text on dark background
light backgrounds provide ambient light
cool colors best for backgrounds
avoid multi-colored and heavily textured backgrounds
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Identification
Blackish with white underneath and at sides
Flippers (pectoral fins) mottled on top, white below
Jaws and flippers carry large barnacles
Knobby protuberances (tubercles) on head and
lower jaw; each tubercle has long coarse hair
20-50 ventral grooves extend beyond navel
Tail (flukes) 18 feet wide, serrated, and pointed
at tips
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Guidelines:
9. Limit the flash.
avoid “bells and whistles” overload
moving text, sound, and elaborate slide
transitions can be distracting; add nothing to
learning value of presentation
use these features with specific, clearly defined
learning goal in mind
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Identification
Blackish with white underneath and at sides
Flippers (pectoral fins) mottled on top, white below
Jaws and flippers carry large barnacles
Knobby protuberances (tubercles) on head and
lower jaw; each tubercle has long coarse hair
20-50 ventral grooves extend beyond navel
Tail (flukes) 18 feet wide, serrated, and pointed
at tips
30
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Teaching & Learning
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Identification
Blackish with white underneath and at sides
Flippers (pectoral fins) mottled on top, white below
Jaws and flippers carry large barnacles
Knobby protuberances (tubercles) on head and
lower jaw; each tubercle has long coarse hair
20-50 ventral grooves extend beyond navel
Tail (flukes) 18 feet wide, serrated, and pointed
at tips
32
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Identification 1. Color
Blackish on top
White at sides & underneath 33
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Identification 2. Flippers (Pectoral fins)
Mottled on top
White below 34
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Identification 3. Ventral Grooves
20-50
extend from lower jaw
to beyond navel 35
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Identification 4. Tubercles
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Identification 5. Barnacles
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Identification 6. Tail (Flukes)
18 ft.
Serrated Pointed
at tips
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Identification
Flukes (tail) 18 feet wide,
serrated, and pointed at tips
Underside of flukes white
with black patterning
Patterning distinctive
to each whale
Patterning used by scientists
to identify individual whales
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Identification
Flukes (tail) 18 feet wide,
serrated, and pointed at tips
Underside of flukes white
with black patterning
Patterning distinctive
to each whale
Patterning used by scientists
to identify individual whales
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Guideline:
1. Strive for balance between verbal and visual information.
visual elements can promote communication
appeal to visual learners
move beyond clip art to photos, charts, diagrams
eliminate visual elements that do not support/ reinforce content
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Visual Continuum
VERBAL 1. Reader
2. Emphasized Reader
3. Reader with Visual Cues
4. Balanced
5. Pictorial with Verbal Cues
6. Emphasized Pictorial
7. Pictorial VISUAL
Source: Wileman, E. (1993) 43
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Behavior
Friendly:
Breach
Spy hop
Pectoral slap
Pectoral stroke
Not so Friendly:
Peduncle slap
Tail splash
Tail slap
Tail extension
Breach Spy hop Pectoral slap Tail slap
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Behaviour
WhaleNet Humpback Whale Catalogue, Wheelock
College, Boston, MA
Greenpeace Records Humpback Whales in
Southern Ocean, YouTube, added: January 08,
2008, Greenpeace USA
Humpback song
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Guideline:
2. Use PowerPoint’s multimedia and hyperlinking
capabilities to enrich or supplement content.
images
video
audio
animation
hyperlinks
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Guideline:
3. Build in interactivity.
Learning takes place through the
active behaviour of the student;
it is what he does that he learns,
not what the teacher does.
(Ralph W. Tyler, 1949)
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Guideline:
3. Build in interactivity. E
ffecti
ve L
earn
ing
Minutes into Lecture
00 10 20
Rest or change
in activity
30
(Biggs, 1999) 48
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Beginning Middle End
Activity
Guideline:
3. Build in interactivity.
Time (min.)
00 10 20 30 40 50
Activity
Ob
jective
s
Cla
ss o
utlin
e
Ke
y c
on
ce
pts
Intr
od
uctio
n to
to
pic
Su
mm
ary
An
no
un
ce
men
ts
Activity
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Atlantic Population
Mid-1800s – 4,000 and 6,000 individauls (Reeves and Mitchell 1982; Breiwick et al. 1983; Whitehead 1987)
Late 1960s or early 1970s (post-whaling) – between about 800 and 1,300 individuals (Mitchell 1973; Winn et al. 1975)
West Indies breeding population, 1979-1993 – suggest anual population growth of 3% (Stevick et al. 2001).
Gulf of maine, mark-recapture estimate from 1992/93 – 652 individuals (CV = 0.15; Waring et al. 2000)
1992/93, Eastern Canada – estimate of 2,509 individuals (CV = 0.077)
1999, line-transect estimate – 816 individuals (CV = 0.45; Palka 2000).
2001 (Stevick et al.) – 11,570 individuals (CV=0.069), for entire North Atlantic (estimate is known to be negatively biased (Anonymous 2001)). No recent basin-wide estimates availble.
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Guidelines
4. Supply detailed text and data in handouts.
difficult to absorb dense/detailed technical data
provide only a summary of important results
refer to supplied handouts
5. Proof read your slides.
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Delivery
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Arrive Early.
Relax, control, enjoy
Calming your butterflies, and overcoming any
fears you have.
Take a few deep slow breaths to make you feel
relaxed.
Smiling helps to relax you and to keep people
involved and enjoying themselves.
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Guidelines for Delivery/presentation skills
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Guidelines for Delivery/presentation skills
Facial expressions, natural and comfortable…smile!
Dry mouth is a common result of anxiety and fear
(drink water).
Be comfortable with the technology.
Hide the cursor – Ctrl H (hide), A (appear)
Number your slides.
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Consider a good voice and volume- speak clearly
Physical appearance, dress formally.
Keep eye contact.
Actively engage the audience.
Admit you don’t have all the answers.
Do not make the room too dark.
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Guidelines for Delivery/presentation skills
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Body language, use your body movement and
position in a proper way!
Face your audience.
Watch your pace.
Do not read from the slides.
Backup plan!
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Guidelines for Delivery/presentation skills
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Annoying PowerPoint Survey (2009)
Top Five Annoyances
27.9%
33.0%
48.0%
48.2%
69.2%
5. Overly complex diagrams or charts
4. Slides hard to see because of color choice
3. Full sentences instead of bullets
2. Text so small I couldn’t read it
1. Speaker read slide to us
Source: David Paradi, Think outside the slide. www.thinkoutsidetheslide.com 57
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Annoying PowerPoint Survey
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Diagrams and charts too complex
Moving text or graphics
Poor background color choice
Full sentences used
Text too small to read
Speaker reads the slides
2009 (n=548) 2007 (n=604) 2005 (n=688) 2003 (n=159) 58
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References Bartsch, R.A., & Cobern, K.M. (2003). Effectiveness of PowerPoint presentations
in lectures. Computers & Education, Vol. 41. Pp. 77-86.
Benbow, M. Tips for presenting your PowerPoint presentation [On-line]. Available: http://www.umanitoba.ca/academic/colleges/uc/faculty/benbow.html
Biggs, J. (1999). Teaching for quality learning at university. Buckingham: Open University Press. Pp 98-102.
Buchholz, S., & Ullmna, J. (2004). 12 commandments for PowerPoint. The Teaching Professor, Vol. 18, No. 6, June/July 2004.
Keller, J. (2003). Is PowerPoint the devil? [On-line]. Available: http://www.siliconvalley.com/mld/siliconvalley/5004120.htm?template= contentModules/printstory.jsp
McKenzie, J. (2000). Scoring PowerPoints. From Now On – The Educational Technology Journal, Vol. 10, No. 1, September 2000 [On-line]. Available: http://optin.iserver.net/fromnow/sept00/powerpoints.html
Paradi, D. (2003). Ten secrets for using PowerPoint effectively [On-line]. Available: http://www.communicateusingtechnology.com/articles/ten_secrets_for_using_ powerpoint.htm
Paradi, D. (2003). The top ten things you can do to improve your next PowerPoint presentation [On-line]. Available: http://www.communicateusingtechnology.com/ articles/top_ten_things_improve_ppt_presn.htm
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References
Paradi, D. (2003). Summary of the Annoying PowerPoint Survey [On-line]. Available: http://www.communicateusingtechnology.com/pptresults.htm
Parker, I. (2001). Absolute PowerPoint: Can a software package edit our thoughts? The New Yorker, May 28, 2001 [On-line]. Available: http://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~wilkins/group/powerpt.html
Rozaitis, B. & Baepler, P. (2004). Active learning with PowerPoint. Center for Teaching and Learning Services, University of Minnesota [On-line]. Available: http://www1.umn.edu/ohr/teachlearn/workshops/powerp/active_lecturing.html
Szabo, A & Hastings, N. (2000). Using IT in the undergraduate classroom: should we replace the blackboard with PowerPoint? Computers and Education, Vol. 35, No. 3, November 2000. Pp. 175-187.
Tufte, E. (2003). The cognitive style of PowerPoint. Cheshire, CT: Graphics Press.
Wahl, A. (2003). PowerPoint of no return. Canadian Business, Vol. 76, No. 22. [On-line]. Available: http://www.sociablemedia.com/PDF/press_canadian_ business_11_11_03.pdf
Wileman, R. (1993). Visual Communicating. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology Publications.
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