Effective Training Methods MABS Technical Resource Specialists Training and Accreditation Program.
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Transcript of Effective Training Methods MABS Technical Resource Specialists Training and Accreditation Program.
Effective Training Methods
MABS Technical Resource SpecialistsMABS Technical Resource Specialists
Training and Accreditation ProgramTraining and Accreditation Program
Objectives
• At the end of the session, the participants are expected to have learned the following:
–Different training delivery methods
–Appropriate methods to use for a certain type of training activity
–Good Posture
–Good gestures
Training Delivery Methods: Lecture
Advantages: Easy to prepare & deliverSuitable to a large audienceConvey info in a short-timeTime-frame easy to determine
Tip:
Plan the opening, main body and closing sections of the lecture.
Disadvantages:Minimal participationTrainer-centered than trainee- centeredTends to bore audiencesRequires thorough planningPoor audience learning retention
Group Discussion
Advantages:More participative than lectureSurface values and opinions wellDemocratic in approachDistribution of learning responsibilityTips:
Be clear on what needs to be done from the start. Summarize towards the end.
Disadvantages:Not effective for large groupRequires good facilitatorTime management may be a problemMay engender conflict/dominance
Lecture-Discussion
Combine lecture with interactive discussion with trainees. It improves the lecture by asking questions that make the audience think about ideas or concepts being presented. Allows individual participation even with large training programs.
Role Play
Advantages:Provides meaningful first-
hand experience.Develops understanding
of opposing viewsFun, innovative,
entertainingHighly creative and
imaginative Elicits broad discussion
during processing
Tip:
Always use observers
Disadvantages:Situations limited to simple onesDifficult to use properly
Advantages:
DevelopmentalIndividualizedReadily applicable on the jobHolistic and realisticFeedback process is
continuous
On-the-Job Training/Coaching
A one-on-one continuous mentoring approach
Tips:Clarify expectations at the start. Provide structure, feedback and assessment
Disadvantages:Time-consuming and costlyNeeds skilled mentorUsed only in limited circumstancesGood rapport between mentor and understudy is essential
Demonstration
Advantages:Direct, easy,clear to
followLearning by example Realistic, readily
applicableSuitable in skill or
technical trainingJob-related
A show-tell-follow-check approach to learning
Tip :
Follow the tell-do-ask-practice approach
Disadvantages:
Not everyone can be accommodated in hands-on
Advantages:Suitable for right or wrong situationsMaximum participationApplicable on the job
Disadvantages:Needs effective case textMore time needed to read, discuss, answer and report.
Case StudyControlled Group Discussion Based on a Written Text
Tips:
Pre-test the case when possible
Provide not only text but guide questions/ tasks
Fit contents to trainees needs/ organizations
Games and Simulations
Advantages:Fun and enjoyableAllows full participationSurfaces values and attitudes well
Animated activities to generate fun in learning
Disadvantages:Learning may be sidetrackedLearning outcomes vary in consistencySome are unparticipative
Which Training Methods Should
You Use?To transfer
knowledge:Group discussion LectureGroup or individual
exercisesForumsPanel DiscussionsFilm, video, etc.
To practice problem- solving:
Case studiesBrainstormingDiscussion GroupsExercises, etc.
Which Training Methods Should
You Use?To develop skills:demonstrations for
manual skillsrole playing for
interpersonal skillspeer teachingprogrammed
instructions, etc.
To change attitudes:
role playingindividual exercisesdemonstrationscampaigns, etc.
SOME TIPS FOR INSTRUCTORS/ TRAINORS
Tips for Instructors
Before the Session:
1.As instructor, dress appropriately (i.e. no slippers, shorts, revealing outfits) to command credibility. For clothing, very bright colors are not recommended as this may distract participants from the course material.
Tips for Instructors2. Arrive well in advance of the participants to
check the following room conditions and equipment: Table and chairs sufficient and set up as desired (consider
a U-shape for maximum viewing and interaction). Copies of training schedule and materials. Ensure appropriate air circulation in the room. Refreshments (i.e. drinks, snacks) Test equipment. Overhead projector machine in place and
working. (Be sure the cord is out of the way. Tape it down where people may walk.)
Tips for Instructors
3. Know your subject thoroughly Write it out and reduce it to cards Write opening and closing sentences
3. Be conscious of time. Your invitation to the participants should include course duration, as well as, what time the course will start and end. During the training, make sure you are within the time limits of each module.
Tips for Instructors
During discussions:
1. Discussions are an important aspect of adult learning; they encourage involvement and reflection and result in better understanding and retention of information.
Tips for Instructors
2. Give each participant an opportunity to express his or her views, but be sure to keep the discussion on tract.
Ask for ideas and offer suggestions
If there is a lull in the discussion, or nobody know what quite to add, you can provide an idea or example of your own.
Draw people out when they are reluctant to participate
Tips for Instructors
Maintain or enhance self-esteem. Listen and respond with empathy Example: After someone speaks up, you might want to
add confidence by saying something like “that’s a good point,” or “good idea!”
3. Check for understanding. Clarify when questions may be asked (either during or after presentation.)
4. Manage time by presenting the agenda beforehand so participants know what to expect. Use a timer to remind or signal you to wind up each session.
Presentation TechniquesUse of Overhead Projector1. Once you focus the projector before participants
arrive you should not have to adjust it again. When you think the machine is in focus, walk to the back of the room and look at the screen to check if the acetates can be seen clearly.
2. While you are teaching, do not stand directly in front of the screen, or the image will be projected on you as well. Stand to one side of it, and do not turn around to look at it.
Presentation Techniques
Use of Overhead Projector
3. If you wish to point out something on a particular overhead, do so by using a pen or other object to point to the appropriate area on the transparency itself, on the bed of the projector.
PosturesPosture and the way a presenter conducts
himself on the platform is an important part of a good presentation. Stand up straight and face the audience
head-on. Keep posture open with arms relaxed and
hanging down at your sides. Hold head up high with your chin up.
Trainer GesturesGestures, a form of body language, are also
a part of your overall visual picture. They are visual reinforcements of the
words and ideas the trainer is trying to communicate to his audience.
They include hand, arm, and head movements and can enhance your presentation or detract from it.
Effective Gestures
Effective gestures are spontaneous but not distracting
Movements are broad and flowing, not fast and jerky
Nodding of head and smiling are effective ways to emphasize a point
Gestures to Avoid
• Finger pointing and fist raising can be interpreted as hostile or threatening
• Crossing hands behind the back
• Crossing arms over chest believing it appears relaxed and confident.
• Hands inside the pocket
• Clasping hands in folded position
Common Trainer Problems
What’s wrong?
No eye contact
• Participants feel alone and neglected.
• You look scared and uncomfortable.
• Students lose trust in the trainer.
• You lose credibility and appear dishonest.
• No personal connection is made.
They Can’t Hear You
• Audiences withdraw when they can’t hear the trainer.
• Listening to a trainer speaking too loudly conjures up uncomfortable childhood memories of being yelled at; it’s demeaning.
• When you speak too loudly, you may spit on trainees.
• Speaking too loudly or too softly is irritating and interferes with learning.
This is My Life
• You run the risk of entering the Tangent Zone.
• Participants perceive your ego to be bigger that Mt. Everest.
• Program focus gets lost.
• It feels like you’re wasting their time.
• Or, maybe you just like to hear yourself to talk.
Speech Tics
• “Speech tics” are annoying to the audience.
• Repetitive sounds get old and boring fast.
• Trainees get easily distracted.
• They will start counting your “speech tics.”
• Some people will make fun of you.
• You decrease your believability
Silly Screw-ups
• Your credibility is shot.
• You appear absent-minded.
• Your organization skills are questioned.
• Time is wasted fixing the mistakes.
• If the video is wrong, you have to fill that time with something else.
Getting in their Faces
• This behavior can be threatening/antagonistic.
• Participants may become embarrassed.
• It violates their comfort zones.
• There is potential for starting fights.
• It distracts from what is being said.
• You might spit on others and swap germs.
• It’s too intimate (and intimidating) for some.
Cutting off Questions• You don’t listen to questions.
• You begin to answer questions before askers are finished.
• You disregard questions and keep going.
• You say, “We’ll get to that later.” and hope you will.
• You act like their questions are beneath the dignity of an answer.
• You tell them to ask questions at the end, and then run out time.
Slideswiping
• The overhead projector, as a training tool, is abused.
• Participants are likely to go sleep.
• Swiping slides is a lazy way to present information.
• Retention and application are reduced.
How to Overcome Stage Fright
1. Plan as if your life depended on it.
2. Get rid of last-minute butterflies.
3. Transform anxiety to excitement
4. Practice, practice, practice
Other Tips
• Mix your media
• Correlate training with reality
• Have data at your fingertips
• Play-it-by ear
• Friendly facial expression
• Keep your sense of humor