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Effective Learning Strategies for the Recognition of Characters and Words by Learners of Chinese with Varying Proficiency in Different Learning Environments Jing Wang & Robert B. Harris ,QGLDQ 8QLYHUVLW\3XUGXH 8QLYHUVLW\ ,QGLDQDSROLV Abstract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´IUHTXHQW PHDQLQJIXO LQWHUDFWLRQ ZLWK FKDUDFWHUV DQG ZRUGVµ SRVLWLYHO\ SUHGLFWHG YRFDEXODU\ UHFRJQLWLRQ ZKHUHDV ´IRFXVLQJ RQ FKDUDFWHU RUWKRJUDSK\µ DQG ´IRFXVLQJ RQ FKDUDFWHU SURQXQFLDWLRQµ QHJDWLYHO\ SUHGLFWHG LW 7KH LQGLYLGXDO VWUDWHJ\ RI W\SLQJ FKDUDFWHUV SRVLWLYHO\ SUHGLFWHG YRFDEXODU\ UHFRJQLWLRQ ZKHUHDV XVLQJ 3LQ\LQ WR KHOS UHPHPEHU SURQXQFLDWLRQ QHJDWLYHO\ SUHGLFWHG LW 3LQ\LQ FDQ IDFLOLWDWH YRFDEXODU\ UHFRJQLWLRQ WKURXJK W\SLQJ FKDUDFWHUV \HW PD\ KLQGHU LW LI H[FHVVLYHO\ UHO\LQJ RQ 3LQ\LQ IRU SURQXQFLDWLRQ 1 Introduction 7KH SUHVHQW VWXG\ DLPV WR JDXJH WKH HIIHFWLYH DSSOLFDWLRQ RI OHDUQLQJ VWUDWHJLHV IRU WKH UHFRJQLWLRQ RI FKDUDFWHUV DQG ZRUGV E\ OHDUQHUV RI &KLQHVH DV D IRUHLJQ ODQJXDJH &)/ 7KLV VWXG\ LV RI JUHDW

Transcript of Effective Learning Strategies for the Recognition of ... · Effective Learning Strategies for the...

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Effective Learning Strategies for the Recognition of Characters and Words by Learners of Chinese with

Varying Proficiency in Different Learning Environments

Jing Wang & Robert B. Harris

Abstract

1 Introduction

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2. Literature Review

2.1 Background Variables

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Effective Learning Strategies for the Recognition of Characters and words

2.2 Strategies for Learning Characters and Words

2.2.1 Frequently used strategies

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2.2.2 Perceptions of effective learning strategies

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Effective Learning Strategies for the Recognition of Characters and words

2.3 Vocabulary Knowledge

2.3.1 Evaluation of English vocabulary knowledge

2.3.2 Evaluation of Chinese vocabulary knowledge

2.3.3 Variables influencing vocabulary knowledge for CFL learners

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2.4 Research Question

3. Materials and Methods

3.1 Instruments

3.1.1 Background informationz

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Effective Learning Strategies for the Recognition of Characters and words

3.1.2 Questionnaire

3.1.3 Vocabulary test

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ǒ ǐǐ

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Effective Learning Strategies for the Recognition of Characters and words

3.1.4 Vocabulary checklist

3.1.5 Summary of all the instruments

3.2 Participants

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3.3 Data Analyses

3.3.1 Previous methods

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3.3.2 Analyses

4. Results

4.1 Vocabulary Test

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4.2 Principal Component Analysis of the Questionnaire

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4.2.1 Reliability

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4.2.2 Six strategy categories

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Effective Learning Strategies for the Recognition of Characters and words

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4.3 Prediction

4.3.1 Predicting vocabulary knowledge by strategy categories

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Effective Learning Strategies for the Recognition of Characters and words

4.3.2 Predicting vocabulary knowledge by individual questionnaire items

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5 Discussion

5.1 Focusing on Orthography

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Effective Learning Strategies for the Recognition of Characters and words

5.2 Frequent Meaningful Interaction with Characters and Words

5.3 Learning Characters and Words in Context

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5.4 Looking up Unknown Characters

5.5 Conventional Ways of Learning Characters and Words

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Effective Learning Strategies for the Recognition of Characters and words

5.6 Focusing on Character Pronunciation

5.7 Pinyin

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nyin.

6 Conclusion

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Effective Learning Strategies for the Recognition of Characters and words

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Acknowledgements

References

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Appendix A. Background Questions and Questionnaire for Chinese Character and Word Recognition

Background Questions

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Questionnaire

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Effective Learning Strategies for the Recognition of Characters and words

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. Vocabulary Test

without

1. ! ____ , ?A.B.C.D.E.

2. ____ : , ,,

A.B.C.D.E.

3. ____A.B.C.D.E.

4. ____A.B.C.D.E.

5. ____A.B.C.D.E.

6. ____ ?A.B.C.D.E.

7. ____ ,

A.B.C.D.E.

8. , ____

A.B.C.D.E.

Effective Learning Strategies for the Recognition of Characters and words

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9. , ____ ?A.B.C.D.E.

10. , 2, ____

A.B.C.D.E.

11. , ____?

A.B.C.D.E.

12. , ____?

A.B.C.D.E.

13. ,____

A.B.C.D.E.

14. ____

A.B.C.D.E.

15. ____

A.B.C.D.E.

16.____ ,

A.B.C.D.E.

17. ____ ,

A.B.C.D.E.

18. ,____

A.B.C.D.E.

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19. ,____

A.B.C.D.E.

20. ____

A.B.C.D.E.

21. ____

A.B.C.D.E.

22. ____

A.B.C.D.E.

23. ,____

A.B.C.D.E.

24.____A.B.C.D.E.

25.____

A.B.C.D.E.

26. ____

A.B.C.D.E.

27. ____

A.B.C.D.E.

28. ____A.B.C.D.E.

Effective Learning Strategies for the Recognition of Characters and words

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29.____

A.B.C.D.E.

30.____

A.B.C.D.E.

Appendix C. A Checklist of Vocabulary Knowledge

Set One Set Two Set Three Set Four