Effective Institutional Arrangements:

Policy and Regulatory Framework for

DRR Mainstreaming into National Development

Planning and Financing: Indonesian Experience

Dr. Suprayoga Hadi (suprayoga.hadi@kpdt.go.id) Deputy Minister for Resources Development

Ministry of Disadvantaged Region, Republic of Indonesia

Regional Conference on Strategies and Tools for Integrating Disaster Risk Reductioninto Development Planning and Financing

Organized by UN-ESCAPBangkok, Thailand, 6 February 2015

REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

MINISTRY OF RURAL, DISADVANTAGED REGION AND TRANSMIGRATION

Disater Management Law

No. 24 / 2007

The role of National and Local Governments

Establishment of National and local disaster management agencies

Roles and Responsibility of Community in DM

Roles of Private sectors and International in DM

DM Implementation: pre-disaster, emergency response, and post-disaster

Funding and Relief Assistance Management

Controlling, Monitoring & Evaluation of DM implementation

1. DRR mainstreaming is a national priority along with environmental

management

2. Direction to strengthen capacity in national and local level

3. DRR is to be considered in spatial and environmental development

4. Encouragement of community participation in DM and DRR

DRR IN PLANNING DOCUMENTS

DRR has been set as one of national development priorities within

Government Annual Working Plan since 2007

DRR activities for 2010-2012 involving 24 central government line

ministries/institutions

General Overview of Disaster, Problems, Challenges and Opportunities;

Disaster Management Policy, Program, Budget and Financing, Monitoring,

Evaluation and Reporting

3

Long-term

(20 Years)

(NLTDP – Spatial Plan)

Medium-term

(5 Years)

(Nat MTDP – DMP)

Strategic Plan

(5 years)

NAP/LAP DRR

(3 Years)Annual Plan

Na

tio

na

lP

rov

inci

al

Ko

ta /

Ka

bu

pa

ten

NATIONAL MTDP

PROVINCIAL MTDP

DISTRICT MTDP

National Action

Plan (NAP) DRR

Strategic Plan of

Line Ministries

t Annual National Gov’t Annual

Work Plan

Line Ministry

Work plan

NATONAL LTDP

PROVINCIAL LTDP

District/ Municipal District/ Municipal

LTDP

NATIONAL Spatial

Plan

PROVINCIAL

Spatial Plan

Diistrict/

Plan

Diistrict/

Municipal Spatial

Plan

District/MunicipalD

Management Plan

District/MunicipalD

isaster

Management Plan

Local Management

Disaster Plan

Provincial Action

Plan DRR

Strategic Plan of

Provincial Line

Agencies

Provincial Annual

Work Plan

Provincial Line

Agency Work

Plan

District/Municipal

Action Plan DRR

Strategic Plan of

District/Municipal

Line Agencies

District/Mun. Annual

Work Plan

District/Mun.

Line Agency

Work Plan

National Disaster

Management Plan

Disaster Management and DRR in Local and National

Planning System

Disaster Management and DRR in Local and National

Planning System

4

11 National Priority in MTDP

(RPJMN) 2010-2014:

DRR Mainstreamed into National Priority and Various

Development Sectors within the Medium-term

Development Plan (MTDP) 2010 - 2014 and 2015-2019

DRR Mainstreamed into National Priority and Various

Development Sectors within the Medium-term

Development Plan (MTDP) 2010 - 2014 and 2015-2019

1. Government and Governance

Reform

2. Education

3. Health

4. Poverty Reduction

5. Food Security

6. Infrastructure

7. Investment and Business

8. Energy

9. Environment and Disaster

Management

10. Disadvantaged, Border, Outer

Islands, and Post-conflict Regions

11. Culture, Creativity and Technology

Innovation

5

9 National Priority Agenda in MTDP

(RPJMN) 2015-2019:

1. Protecting the People and the Nation

2. Promoting Good Governance

3. Strengthening Rural, Local and Regional

Development

4. Promoting Law Enforcement and

Combating Corruption

5. Enhancing People Welfare

6. Promoting Local productivity and

international competitiveness

7. Promoting domestic economic self-

sustainability

• Environment protection and disaster

management

8. Sustaining National Character Revolution

9. Expanding Social Restoration

Objectives on Disaster Management within the

MTDP 2010-2014 and MTDP 2015-2019

Objectives on Disaster Management within the

MTDP 2010-2014 and MTDP 2015-2019

RPJMN 2010-2014:1. Mainstreaming DRR into development

policies and planning at the national

and regional level, supported by

reliable and professional institutional

disaster at the national, sub-national

and local levels

2. Increasing community preparedness of

DRR, through strengthening of

community-based disaster risk

reduction with attention to local

wisdom

3. Implementing of disaster emergency

response with effective relief of

humanity in the impacted areas of

natural disasters and social disorder

4. Implementing rehabilitation and

reconstruction in sustainable

development for DRR perspective in

impacted disaster areas 6

RPJMN 2015-2019:(1) Promoting awareness and concern

on disaster risk reduction and pre-

disaster preparedness

(2) Expanding early warding system in

upstream and downstream region

(3) Mainstreaming disaster risk

reduction into all respective

development sectors

(4) Minimum service standard for

disaster management

(5) Improving coordination of

emergency relief and post-disaster

recovery, as well as in planning,

financing, and monitoring the

disaster management system

(6) Disaster risk reduction based

regional and local spatial planning

a. DRR mainstreaming as national and local development

priority

b. Capacity strengthening of Disaster Management at

National and Local level

c. Optimizing of control instrument on the utilization of

spatial in disaster management aspects

d. Encouraging the involvement and participation of

community in disaster management

e . Improving resources capacity of emergency

management and humanitarian aid

f. Accelerating the recovery capacty of the disaster-

affected area

General Issues1. Implementation of DRR still not optimal, due to lack of awareness and understanding of DRR on disaster

preparedness

2. Lack of capacity in emergency response in the implementation of rehabilitation and reconstruction in post

disaster areas.

Policy Directions of

Disaster Management in 2010-2014 and 2015-2019

Policy Directions of

Disaster Management in 2010-2014 and 2015-2019

Policy Directions

7

1. Integrating disaster risk reduction

within sustainable development

framework

2. Reducing and controlling disaster

risk and vulnerability of the region

and at the community level

3. Improving the capacity of disaster

management

4. Improving the quality of climate and

disaster information system

RPJMN 2010-2014 RPJMN 2010-2014

1. NAP DRR 2010-2012 was formulated according to:

a. Law 24 / 2007 on DM

b. Government Regulation No. 21/ 2008 on DM

c. Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005 - 2015

2. NAP DRR 2010-2012 synergized with the national development planning

system

3. NAP DRR 2010-2012 synergized and based on :

a. National Long-term Development Plan 2010-2014

b. National Medium-term Development Plan 2010-2014

c. National Disaster Management Plan 2010-2014

4. NAP DRR 2010-2012 organized by consultative participatory process from

multi stakeholders: Government, NGOs, and international donors, the

National Platform, which is coordinated by Bappenas and BNPB

5. NAP DRR 2010-2012 is enacted by BNPB Head decree No. 5/2010

National Action Plan on Disaster Risk Reduction

(NAP-DRR) 2010-2012

National Action Plan on Disaster Risk Reduction

(NAP-DRR) 2010-2012

8

Investments for DRR in NAP-DRR 2010–2012Investments for DRR in NAP-DRR 2010–2012

9

2010 2011 2012

(1) (2) (3)

Programme A : Policy, Regulation and

instittution strengthening

204,463 393,458 255,261

Programme B : Disaster Management

Planning

164,991 172,956 193,272

369,454 566,415 448,534

PRIORITY: STRENGTHEN KNOWLEDGE,

INNOVATION AND EDUCATION TO BUILD

SAFETY AND RESILIENCE CULTURE

Programme C: Research, Education and

Training.

384,165 465,215 502,345

384,165 465,215 502,345

PRIORITY: REDUCE UNDERLYING RISK

DISASTER FACTORS

Programme D: Disaster Preparedness and

Mitigation

13,449,283 7,481,712 8,118,856

13,449,283 7,481,712 8,118,856

PRIORITY: IDENTIFY, ASSESS AND MONITOR

THE DISASTER RISK AND IMPLEMENTATION

Programme E: Early Warning System 280,342 316,395 352,490

280,342 316,395 352,490

Programme F: Community participation and

capacity Development on DRR

269,111 277,566 302,178

Programme G: Disaster Preparedness 1,865,795 2,854,810 3,097,112

2,134,906 3,132,376 3,399,290

16,618,149 11,962,113 12,821,514

4

TOTAL BUDGET FOR PRIORITY 4 (Million IDR)

5 PRIORITY: STRENGTHENING DISASTER

PREPAREDNESS AT ALL LEVEL

TOTAL BUDGET FOR PRIORITY 5 (Million IDR)

TOTAL BUDGET (Million IDR)

1 PRIORITY: DRR AS A NATIONAL AND LOCAL

PRIORITY, INCLUDING INSTITUTION

STRENGTHENING

TOTAL BUDGET FOR PRIORITY 1 (Million IDR)

2

TOTAL BUDGET FOR PRIORITY 2 (Million IDR)

3

TOTAL BUDGET FOR PRIORITY 3 (Million IDR)

NO PRIORITY ACTIVITY BUDGET INDICATION (MILLION IDR)

(4)

9

Description 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

A. Budget for Disaster Risk Reduction, 2006-2012 (IDR Billion)

Budget for Disaster

Management 2,548 3,588 4,386 3,807 5,158 8,977 9,876

B. Budget for Disaster Risk Reduction vs. Total Budget, 2006-2012 (%)

National Budget

0,38 0,47 0,44 0,41 0,49 0,68 0,69

Central Government

Budget 0.58 0,71 0,63 0,61 0,74 0,99 1,02

GDP 0.08 0,09 0,09 0,07 0,08 0,12 0,12

DRR Investment at National Level 2006-2012

10

DRR Investment by Types of Activity (%)

Type of

Activity

Activity Average 2006-

2012

2012

D 2 Making physical and Non-physical of efforts 59.9 54.1

D 6 Environmental management 14.1 23.4

G 4 Procurement and preparation of supplies to fulfill basic

needs

5.9 6.3

G 5 Organization of, counseling, training, and simulation on

emergency response mechanisms

4.6 1.5

C 3 Organization of counseling as well as education and training 4.0 0.4

E 1 Observation of disaster tendency 3.0 0.9

D 4 Monitoring the control and management of natural

resources that potentially trigger disaster

1.9 2.3

C 2 Monitoring of the use of technologies which with potential

becoming a disaster

1.9 0.3

G 3 Organization, installation, and testing of early warning

system

1.8 5.2

A 1 Coordination of the distribution of duties, authorities, and

resources

0.8 1.2

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DRR Investment at Provincial and Local Level

DRR Regional Budget and Ratio to Total Budget, 2011No Province

(IDR

Billion)Ratio(%)

Municipality (IDR

Billion)Ratio(%)

Regency(IDR

Billion)

Ratio(%)

1 Aceh 146.4 2.07 Surabaya 211 5.32 Bandung 1.1 57.83

2CentralSulawesi 23.18 1.98 Semarang 59.6 3.48 Cilacap 2.84 0.22

3 Maluku 12.54 1.14 Yogyakarta 3.33 0.93 Jepara 0.4 0.1

4 Bali 9.22 0.43 Palu 3.11 0.49 Jembrana 0.36 0.07

5WestSumatera 5.16 0.26 Padang 2.84 0.24

CentralLombok 0.08 0.04

6 Central Java 14.03 0.24 Tasikmalaya 1.26 0.18 Klaten 0.26 0.02

7 West Java 6.3 0.14 Denpasar 0.9 0.1 Average 0.32*

8SouthSulawesi 0.92 0.11 Medan 2.27 0.09

9 East Java 5.07 0.1 Bengkulu 0.42 0.07

10 Jambi 0.78 0.1 Kupang 0.14 0.06

11 Yogyakarta 0.019 0 Average 1.1

Average 0.612

DRR Investment by NGOs, 2006-2012

No Organization Initiation Activities Investment

1 ACT 2008 Establish DRR school, Community networks, and ·

Training

undisclosed

2 DM Center,UPN 2006 Publication, Workshops, studies, community networks IDR 500 Million –

1Billion/year

3 Hope Foundation

Indonesia

2006 Training for students and teachers IDR 1-6 1Billion/year

4 IRC 2002 Prepare guideline, Establish DRR school, IncoIDR orate

DRR in Green Clean program

undisclosed

5 KARINA 2006 Establish post command, Establish DRR school Undisclosed

6 Kerlip 2006 Advocating, Education, Publication, prepare guideline

education material, Campaign, workshops, exhibition

IDR 150Million/year

7 Plan Indonesia 2008 Prepare DRR strategy, Establish DRR school, Training,

Campaign for children

0.5– 1 Million

USD/year

8 Sampoerna

Foundation

2002 Training for communities, Establish disaster-responsive

communities

Undisclosed

9 World Vision 2007 Training for school communities, Prepare contingency

plan

Undisclosed

10 UNDP 2011 Assistance to central and regional governments to

prepare regulations, plans, studies, etc.; educations,

develop database, community awareness, forum and

networking

IDR 10.950 Billion

(2011)

13

Issues and Indicative Solution for Promoting DRR

Investment

1. More DRR investments is needed.

The most central government institutions and regional governments

(provinces, municipalities, and regencies) have invested some funding for

DRR purposes. In general, however, DRR investment ratio of Indonesian

government is still lower than the internationally agreed ratio, i.e. 1%

national budget to be devoted for DRR programs.

2. Consistency in DRR policy mainstreaming.

3. Effectiveness and efficiency issues.

Ideally, costs for goods/services and capital procurements is much higher

than that for personnel services

4. Regulation framework needs improvement.

The government regulation on DRR can be used by all regional

governments to formulate their regional regulations

14

15

Current conditions in 2009-2011, the amount of the allocation of funding for

State Budget (APBN) is only reached DRR funding at about 0.68% of the total

APBN, so still need affirmative budget policy to reach 1.0% of the total APBN

(approximately USD 10 billion) every year

Challenges commitment of the multi-stakeholders at local government level

to implement NAP DRR Plan 2010-2012:

1. DRR mainstreaming on DM and DRR into Local MTDP

2. Formulation of DM Plan

3. Formulation of LAP DRR

According to the Global Agreement, the funding support to DRR at least

includes:

1. 1% of the total national budget,

2. 10% of the total funding of the post disaster recovery budget; and

3. 30% of the total funding of climate change related budget

15

Pre-

Disaster

Post-

Disaster

Post-

Disaster

Emergency

Relief

Emergency

Relief

Early RecoveryEarly Recovery

Rehabilitation &

Reconstruction

Rehabilitation &

Reconstruction

On-site

Rehabilitation

On-site

Rehabilitation

RelocationRelocation

DisasterDisaster

No Stages Necessary Assessment and Initiatives

1 Pre-Disaster Geographic, Demographic, Economy, Social, Infrastructure, Institution

2 Post-Disaster Victims, IDPs, Damage & Loss Assessment, Need Assessment

2.1 Emergency Relief Numbers & Distribution of IDPs & temporary shelters

2.2 Early Recovery Shelters, basic infrastructures, social services, basic livelihoods, facilitation

2.3 Rehab-Recons Housing, infrastructures, social, local economy, institution

2.3.1 On-site Rehab-Recon Identification of Household, rehab location, risk mitigation, financing, time-frame

2.3.2 Relocation Ident. of Household, location preparation, risk mitigation, financing, time-frame

3 Better Livelihood Applying Disaster Mitigation & Risk Reduction for Better Settlement & Livelihood

Better

Settlement &

Livelihood

Disaster Risk

Reduction

DRR mainstreaming into Post-Disaster RecoveryDRR mainstreaming into Post-Disaster Recovery

16

17

DRR integration into Post-Disaster Assessment and

Recovery Scheme

DRR integration into Post-Disaster Assessment and

Recovery Scheme

Damages

Losses

Human Effects

Recovery Needs

Post-Disaster

DRR Needs

Early Recovery

NeedsRehabilitation

Reconstruction

Long-term

Recovery

Recovery

Financing

1. Nat’l Budget

2. Local Budget

1. Donors

2. Communities

Post-Disaster Risk

Assessment

DaLA &

Humanitarian

Relief Needs Ass’t

Needs

Identification

Recovery

Action Plan

Recovery

Financing Plan

Post-Disaster Needs Assessment

17

1. Planning of DRR is highly important as a reference and direction of development

program of DM and DRR at national, sub-national and local level;

2. Participatory process is required in formulating DM Plan, NAP/LAP DRR and

other policy framework in mainstreaming DRR, as well as enhancing

coordination and partnership between government, NGOs/CBOs, academician,

mass media, international partners and private sectors;

3. Synchronize planning documents at national, sub-national and local levels is

required to ensure the consistency of DM dan DRR overall framework;

4. Communities and their partner-organisations to be well acknowledged,

respected, and actively participated in DM and DRR policy making, planning and

budgeting processes;

5. Make all stakeholders working together for making sure the realization of the

commitments stated in the DM Plan and NAP-DRR, and more importantly to

support the LAP-DRR and the sub-national and local level of governments;

6. Strengthen national and sub-national programs and activities as well as budget

allocations in the Gov’t Work Plans to consider more on DRR investment;

7. Monitor and evaluation regularly, apply law enforcement, to improve and

promote the integration and mainstream of DRR within development initiatives.

Some Lessons Learned and Proposed Action PlanSome Lessons Learned and Proposed Action Plan

18

THANK YOU

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