Effective Development Aid: Selectivity, Proliferation and Fragmentation, and the Growth Impact of...

8/3/2019 Effective Development Aid: Selectivity, Proliferation and Fragmentation, and the Growth Impact of Development As

1/70

GDFL Savhloc Rgrmv [mvlm{

Mnnmktl~m Dm~miaremot Gld0[mimktl~lt|) Rvailnmvgtlao godNvgcemotgtlao) god tjm CvastjLergkt an Dm~miaremot G{{l{tgokm

Tghg{jl Hljgvg

Oa/ ;46@go}gv| 6276

G{lgo Dm~miaremot Fgoh Lo{tlt}tm


2/70


3/70

GDFL Savhloc Rgrmv ;46 Hljgvg

Gf{tvgkt

Tjl{ rgrmv mzgelom{ {m~mvgi lodlkgtav{ an mnnmktl~m dm~miaremot gld) nak}{loc ao tjmkaotvlf}tlao{ an egàv fligtmvgi daoav{/ Tjm merlvlkgi gogi|{m{ an {mimktl~lt| nav mnnmktl~m glddmil~mv| vm~mgimd tjgt) tghloc g iaoc%tmve god vmclaogi rmv{rmktl~m) {aem egàv daoav{loki}dloc @grgo jg~m fmmo g{ {mimktl~m lo dmil~mvloc tjmlv gld g{ {aem ka}otvlm{ smii%hoaso navtjmlv {mimktl~m gld dmil~mv|) {}kj g{ Dmoegvh/ @grgo jg{ rva~ldmd jlcjmv gld nav tjm ka}otvlm{sltj fmttmv railk| god ca~mvogokm) god jlcjmv cvgot gld nav tjm ka}otvlm{ sltj iasmv lokaem)rgvtlk}igvi| lo [}f%[gjgvgo Gnvlkg/ Lodmzm{ nav daoav rvailnmvgtlao god gld nvgcemotgtlao) sjlkjemg{}vm lokvmg{md tvgo{gktlao ka{t{ an vmklrlmot ka}otvlm{) smvm kgik}igtmd }{loc emtjad{ {mta}t lo mzl{tloc {t}dlm{ ao tjm tarlk) f}t a~mv tjm iaocmv tmve god f| vmclao/ Lt l{ dmeao{tvgtmdtjgt gld nvae {aem egàv daoav{ lo G{lg) tjm Rgklnlk) god M}varm) loki}dloc @grgo) jg{rvailnmvgtmd im{{ tjgo tjm gld rvacvge{ an ea{t atjmv ka}otvlm{/

Annlklgi Dm~miaremot G{{l{tgokm *ADG, rva~ldmd f| @grgo {lokm 7


4/70


Kaotmot{

7/ Lotvad}ktlao /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ;

6/ Gld Cl~loc god [mimktl~lt| ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 4

6/7 Gld Savh{ Sjmo Tjmvm Gvm Caad Railklm{ god Lo{tlt}tlao{ //////////////////////////////////////// 4 6/6 Lodlkgtav{ an tjm W}gilt| an Railklm{ god Lo{tlt}tlao{ /////////////////////////////////////////////////// = 6/; L{ @grgom{m Gld Giiakgtlao [mimktl~m1 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// > 6/4 Vmclaogi Rmv{rmktl~m{ ao [mimktl~lt| ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// < 6/= Vmclaogi [mimktl~lt| an Eg`av Daoav{ /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 72 6/> [tv}kt}vgi Dlnnmvmokm{ lo Gld Giiakgtlao{ ta G{lg god [[G *Kjas tm{t, ///////////////////// 77 6/3 Kjvaoaiaclkgi kjgocm{ lo {mimktl~lt| {lokm 7 Lodmzm{ an Gld Nvgcemotgtlao god Vmklrlmot Nvgcemotgtlao lo Tatgi ADG god f|Vmclao /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 62

4/ Merlvlkgi Gogi|{l{ an tjm Cvastj Lergkt an Gld /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 66

4/7 Sja{m Gld l{ Kavvmigtmd sltj Cvastj1 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 66 4/6 Sjgt T|rm an Gld l{ Kavvmigtmd sltj Cvastj1 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 64 4/; Sjgt l{ tjm Lergkt an Gld ao Cvastj1 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 6> 4/4 Cvastj Mnnmkt{ an [javt%Lergkt Gld /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 63

4/= Cvastj Gkkmimvgtlao Mnnmkt{ an [LG) Omt ADG) god Cva{{ ADG /////////////////////////////// 6<

=/ Kaoki}dloc Vmegvh{ /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ;6

Vmnmvmokm{ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////;3

Grrmodlz L0 N}vtjmv Gogi|{m{ ao [mimktl~lt| an Fligtmvgi Daoav{ //////////////////////////////////////////////// 42

7/ Cvastj Lergkt{ an Gld ao Ka}otvlm{ sltj Caad Railk| god sltj Ra~mvt| //////////////////////// 42 6/ Kavvmigtlao{ fmtsmmo NJ Lodmz) KRLG) god COL Rmv Kgrltg /////////////////////////////////////////// 46 ;/ Railk| god Ra~mvt| [mimktl~lt| lo ADG Cvgot{ god ADG Iago{ ////////////////////////////////////// 44

Grrmodlz LL0 Lodmz an Gld Nvgcemotgtlao f| Ka}otv| ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// >2 Grrmodlz LLL0 Lergkt an Gld Nvgcemotgtlao god Rvailnmvgtlao ao Ca~mvoemot Mnnmktl~mom{{ /////// >;

7/ Merlvlkgi vm{}it{ an Hogkh god Vgjego *6223, ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// >; 6/ M{tlegtm{ nav Ca~mvoemot Mnnmktl~mom{{ f| Lodlkm{ an gld nvgcemotgtlao *LGN, god daoavrvailnmvgtlao *LDR, /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// >; ;/ Lergkt{ an Ca~mvoemot Mnnmktl~mom{{ ao CDR rmv kgrltg cvastj ////////////////////////////////// >=


5/70


Grrmodlz L^0 KV[ kig{{lnlkgtlao nav [javt lergkt gld *[LG, f| Kimemo{) Vgdmimt) god Fjg~ogol*6224, /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// >>


6/70


;

7/ LOTVAD]KTLAO

[lokm 622;) tjm Kmotmv nav Ciafgi Dm~miaremot *KCD,) g Sg{jloctao%fg{md tjloh tgoh) jg{fmmo vgohloc tjm savid{ vlkjm{t ka}otvlm{ }{loc lt{ Kaeeltemot ta Dm~miaremot Lodmz *KDL,/Tjl{ emg{}vm{ ka}otvlm{ dmdlkgtlao ta railklm{ tjgt fmomnlt rmarim lo raav ka}otvlm{) lo tjmgvmg{ an gld) tvgdm) lo~m{temot) elcvgtlao) tjm mo~lvaoemot) {mk}vlt|) god tmkjoaiac|/

Lo tjl{ kaotmzt) KCD rvad}km{ go lodmz an daoav rmvnavegokm) sjlkj emg{}vm{ gld w}gilt|/Tjm lodmz an daoav rmvnavegokm tvgkh{ cva{{ gld g{ g {jgvm an cva{{ daem{tlk rvad}kt *CDR,)gd`}{tmd f| {}ftvgktloc dmft {mv~lkloc/ Lt rmogilpm{ tlmd gld god rva`mkt rvailnmvgtlao god vmsgvd{gld ta raav f}t oao%kavv}rt vmklrlmot{ *tjl{ l{ vmnmvvmd ta g{ gld {mimktl~lt|,/ Lo 6277) @grgo sg{vgohmd fattae *67{t, lo tjm lodmz an daoav rmvnavegokm sltj g {kavm an 7/=/ Gitja}cj lt{ {egii{jgvm an tlmd gld *vgohmd

:

72

76

74

7>

7:

6 2 2 ;

6 2 2 4

6 2 2 =

6 2 2 >

6 2 2 3

6 2 2 :

6 2 2

6/6 Lodlkgtav{ an tjm W}gilt| an Railklm{ god Lo{tlt}tlao{

Tjm lodlkgtav ea{t nvmw}moti| }{md f| mkaoael{t{ gt tjm Savid Fgoh l{ tjm KRLG) sjlkj jg{ g{lcolnlkgot loni}mokm ao tjm vm{a}vkm giiakgtlao an tjm Lotmvogtlaogi Dm~miaremot G{{aklgtlao*LDG,) tjm Savid Fgoh{ {ant iago ngklilt|) tjva}cj lt{ lokavravgtlao lo tjm LDG ka}otv|rmvnavegokm vgtloc *KRV, mzmvkl{m/

Tjm Savid Fgoh{ rmvnavegokm%fg{md giiakgtlao l{ fg{md ao tjm KRLG/ Tjm KRLG *av tjmLDG Vm{a}vkm Giiakgtlao LodmzX

Nav mgkj an 7> kvltmvlg cva}rmd lo na}v mw}gii| smlcjtmd ki}{tmv{ *GD,) ka}otvlm{ gvm vgtmd ao g{kgim nvae 7 *ias, ta > *jlcj,/ Tjm {kavm{ gvm g~mvgcmd ta |lmid tjm ki}{tmv {kavm nlv{t) tjmo tadmtmvelom tjm KRLG g{ tjm g~mvgcm an tjm {kavm{ an 4 ki}{tmv{/ Tjm na}v ki}{tmv{ god 7> kvltmvlggvm g{ naiias{0

LVGLU, l{ fg{md ao tjm m~gi}gtlao{ an g ka}otv|{ railk| godlo{tlt}tlaogi nvgemsavh ta {}rravt {}{tglogfim cvastj god ra~mvt| vmd}ktlao) god kao{mw}moti|lt{ mnnmktl~m }{m an LDG n}od{/ Tjm lodmz lt{min jg{ fmmo dl{kia{md ta tjm r}filk aoi| {lokm 622=/

G/ Mkaoaelk Egogcmemot0 *l, egkvamkaoaelk egogcmemot) *ll, nl{kgi railk|)*lll, dmft railk|8

F/ [tv}kt}vgi Railklm{0 *l~, tvgdm) *~, nlogoklgi {mktav) *~l, f}{lom{{ vmc}igtav| mo~lvaoemot8

K/ Railklm{ nav [aklgi Loki}{lao!Mw}gilt|0 *~ll, cmodmv mw}gilt|) *~lll, mw}lt| an r}filk vm{a}vkm}{m) *lz, f}lidloc j}ego vm{a}vkm{) *z, {aklgi rvatmktlao god igfav) *zl, railklm{ godlo{tlt}tlao{ nav mo~lvaoemotgi {}{tglogflilt|8

D/ R}filk [mktav Egogcmemot god Lo{tlt}tlao{0 *zll, rvarmvt| vlcjt{ god v}im%fg{mdca~mvogokm8 *zlll, w}gilt| an f}dcmtgv| god nlogoklgi egogcmemot8 *zl~, mnnlklmok| an vm~mo}meaflilpgtlao8 *z~, w}gilt| an r}filk gdelol{tvgtlao8 *z~l, tvgo{rgvmok|) gkka}otgflilt|) godkavv}rtlao lo tjm r}filk {mktav/

Lo 6272) Cmavclg sg{ vgohmd tjm jlcjm{t LDG%milclfim ka}otv| sltj g KRLG {kavm an 4/4) sjlimPlefgfsm sg{ vgohmd tjm iasm{t *33tj, sltj g KRLG {kavm an 6/2/ An tjm G{lg%Rgklnlk LDG%milclfim ka}otvlm{) [geag sg{ vgohmd 4tj *KRLG an 4/7,) Fj}tgo =tj *KRLG an ;/


9/70


>

XLn ravtnaila vgtloc l{ oat g~gligfim) 2/;6 z *Ki}{tmv G) F) K g~mvgcm, ( 2/>: z *Ki}{tmv D g~mvgcm,U

Tjm LDG ka}otv| giiakgtlao rmv kgrltg l{ dmkldmd gntmv go gd`}{temot an tjm KRV) tghloc lotagkka}ot cva{{ ogtlaogi lokaem *COL, rmv kgrltg) rar}igtlao) god atjmv ngktav{) loki}dloc fimodka}otvlm{

Nlc}vm 60 LDG Ka}otv| Giiakgtlao{

sjlkj vmkml~m fatj Lotmvogtlaogi Fgoh nav Vmkao{tv}ktlao god Dm~miaremot *LFVD,god LDG iago{god ka}otvlm{ tjgt jg~m vmkmoti| mzrmvlmokmd kaonilkt *ra{t%kaonilkt ka}otvlm{,/

[a}vkm0 LDG smf{ltm *LDG[ RMVNAVEGOKM%FG[MD GIIAKGTLAO [\[TME NAV LDG7>,

G{ tjm Savid Fgoh KRLG lodlkgtav{ jg~m fmmo g~gligfim ta tjm r}filk aoi| {lokm 622=) tjm| gvmdlnnlk}it ta }{m nav tlem%{mvlm{ av rgomi gogi|{l{/ Jasm~mv) atjmv rar}igv god mg{li| gkkm{{lfimlodlkgtav{ an lo{tlt}tlaogi w}gilt| av ca~mvogokm gvm g~gligfim/

Tjm ea{t sldmi| hoaso ca~mvogokm lodlkgtav{ gvm tjm savidsldm ca~mvogokm lodlkgtav{rvad}kmd f| Hg}negoo) Hvgg|) god Eg{tv}ppl *6272, *gi{a vmnmvvmd ta g{ HHE,/ HHE ka~mv{67; ka}otvlm{ god jg{ emg{}vmd {lz dlemo{lao{ an ca~mvogokm fmtsmmo 7


10/70


3

god tjm kamnnlklmot railk| god lo{tlt}tlao *f ;

Io*Gld,5f

, l{ mzrmktmd ta fm {lcolnlkgot god ra{ltl~m sjmoKRLG l{ }{md g{ tjm lodlkgtav *railk| {mimktl~lt|,/

2(f 7Io*rar}igtlao,(f 6Io*CDR rmv kgrltg,(f ;Daiigv god Im~lo mzgelomd tjm {mimktl~lt| an 47 daoav avcgolpgtlao{ f| iaahloc lota railk|mig{tlklt| god ra~mvt| mig{tlklt| lo tjmlv gld giiakgtlao{/ Tjm| vmcvm{{md *tjm iacgvltje an, tjmcva{{ dl{f}v{memot gea}ot an ADG *mzki}dloc memvcmok| g{{l{tgokm, nvae g {rmklnlk daoavavcgolpgtlao ta mgkj vmklrlmot ka}otv| ao *tjm iacgvltje an, rar}igtlao) vmgi CDR rmv kgrltg sltjr}vkjg{loc rasmv rgvlt| *RRR,) god tjm KRLG an tjm vmklrlmot ka}otv|/

Io*railk| god lo{tlt}tlao{,

Tjm| na}od tjgt {aem daoav{) {}kj g{ tjm LDG) Dmoegvh) god tjm Omtjmvigod{) jgd fatj jlcjrailk| mig{tlklt| god jlcj ra~mvt| mig{tlklt| *{mm Tgfim 7,/ Tjm| gi{a na}od tjgt e}itligtmvgiavcgolpgtlao{ smvm cmomvgii| eavm {mimktl~m tjgo fligtmvgi daoav{) god tjgt railk| {mimktl~lt| jg{fmkaem vmim~got lo gld%cl~loc lo vmkmot |mgv{ *{mm Tgfim 6,/

Daiigv god Im~lo dld oat nlod tjm gld giiakgtlao{ an Nvgokm god tjm ]oltmd [tgtm{ *][, ta fm{mimktl~m/ Tjm railk| {mimktl~lt| an @grgom{m gld giiakgtlao sg{ vmigtl~mi| jlcj) gitja}cj @grgogiiakgtmd im{{ gld ta raav ka}otvlm{ tjgo atjmv daoav{/


11/70


:

Tgfim 70 Railk| god Ra~mvt| [mimktl~lt| an Eg`av Daoav{) 62226226

Daoav{ Railk| Mig{tlklt| Ra~mvt| Mig{tlklt|

\mgv 6222 6227 6226 6222 6227 6226

Tatgi ADG 7/;2: 7/;=> 7/3=< %2/473 %2/4>: %2/46: %2/;3= %2/;;4 %2/;:7

E}itligtmvgi gld 7/3;6 6/7;6 6/=>: %2/344 %2/:=4 %2/:;;LDG 4/4 *7, %4/62: *7, %4/622 *7,

LDF [AN 2/6;3 ;7 2/627 ;2 2/642 ;6 2/=;2 *47, 2/>74 *46, 2/>6= *46,GDN 7/;6= ;< 2/=:; ;= 2/;>4 ;; %2/246 *;=, %2/2 7/266 66 %6/4>7 *;, %6/=:< *6,

]ODR 2/;>< ;6 2/>2> ;> 2/=;7 ;= %7/6:: *72, %7/73; *74, %7/;77*:,MK 7/326 67 6/624 74 6/442 76 %2/67< *;6, %2/=6> *6;, %2/=77*6=,][ 2/=>6 6: 2/264 ;6 2/>>4 63 %2/2 *7>, %2/==: *66, %2/3>7 *62,

@grgo 4/62: = 6/:;; : 7/ %2/62; *;4, %2/676 *;2, 2/276 *;=,Cmvego| 6/4 72 6/=6= 77 6/2>4 74 %2/443 *6=, %2/4:< *64, %2/434 *6>,

Nvgokm 2/62> 6< 2/4=3 ; %2/:;: *7:, %7/7:4 *76, %7/2>4 *7>,

Dmoegvh 4/>3 7 %7/7>4 *76, %7/;2; *:, %7/772 *76,[smdmo ;/733 : ;/;67 > ;/;7= 4 %2/:3= *73, %2/43 < %7/>=4 *3, %7/62: *77, %7/637 *72,LDF [AN 5 Lotmv%Gemvlkgo Dm~miaremot Fgoh% N}od nav [rmklgi Armvgtlao8 GDN 5 G{lgo Dm~miaremot N}od8 GnDN5 Gnvlkgo Dm~miaremot N}od8 ]ODR 5 ]oltmd Ogtlao{ Dm~miaremot Rvacvgeem8 MK5 M}varmgo Kaeel{{lao/

Oatm{0 O}efmv{ lo rgvmotjm{m{ vmrvm{mot vgohloc{ lo railk| god ra~mvt| mig{tlklt| a}t an tjm 47 ka}otvlm{ mzgelomd f|Daiigv god Im~lo *6224,/ Faidmd mig{tlkltlm{ gvm dlnnmvmot nvae pmva gt g 72- {lcolnlkgokm im~mi/

[a}vkm0 Daiigv god Im~lo *6224,/ rr/7:7


12/70


=; *7:, 6/6=: *7;, %7/733*7:, %2/:;>*62, %7/747*7=,

Omtjmvigod{ 2/=>7 *7=, 2/:44 *7=, 7/;>< *6;, %7/>34*


13/70


14/70


77

*l, LDG l{ vgohmd g{ tjm ea{t {mimktl~m avcgolpgtlao lo tjm vmcvm{{lao nav G{lg god [[Gtatgi/

*ll, E}itligtmvgi avcgolpgtlao{ gvm cmomvgii| eavm {mimktl~m tjgo fligtmvgi daoav{/*lll, Tjm {mimktl~lt| an Nvgokm l{ w}ltm ias/ Tjl{ emgo{ tjm gld giiakgtlao an Nvgokm l{

lo~mv{mi| {mimktl~m *l/m/) eavm gld nav vlkjmv god sav{m ca~mvomd ka}otvlm{,/ @grgomzjlflt{ jlcj railk| {mimktl~lt| f}t l{ lo~mv{mi| {mimktl~m nav ra~mvt| *l/m/) eavm gld l{giiakgtmd ta vlkjmv ka}otvlm{,/

F}t {aem dlnnmvmokm{ nvae tjm nlodloc{ an Daiigv god Im~lo kgo gi{a fm af{mv~md0

*l, Tjm {mimktl~lt| an tjm ][ l{ jlcj) tjm jlcjm{t geaoc fligtmvgi daoav{/ @grgo l{ eavm{mimktl~m tjgo Dmoegvh/

*ll, Eavm leravtgoti|) tjm {mimktl~lt| an g {rmklnlk daoav ~gvlm{ f| vmclao) dmrmodloc aosjmvm tjm vmklrlmot{ fmiaoc/ Tjm M}varmgo Kaeel{{lao *MK,) tjm ]oltmd Hlocdae *]H,)god tjm ][ gvm eavm {mimktl~m lo G{lg/ Cmvego| god @grgo jg~m g tmodmok| ta fm eavm{mimktl~m lo [[G/

*lll, Tj}{) tjm {mimktl~lt| vgohloc{ an daoav{ ~gv| gkkavdloc ta tjm vmclao ta sjlkj tjm| dmil~mvtjmlv gld/ Lo fatj G{lg god [[G) LDG l{ vgohmd gt tjm tar god Nvgokm gt tjm fattae ao tjm{mimktl~lt| vgohloc{ an tjm mlcjt daoav{ kaergvmd jmvm/ Jasm~mv) tjm vgohloc{ an tjmatjmv {lz daoav{ dlnnmv dmrmodloc ao tjm vmclao/

6/> [tv}kt}vgi Dlnnmvmokm{ lo Gld Giiakgtlao{ ta G{lg god [[G *Kjastm{t,

Gvm tjmvm {tv}kt}vgi ~gvlgtlao{ lo gld giiakgtlao{ fmtsmmo vmclao{1 Ta nlod a}t ln tjm o}iij|ratjm{l{ *J2,tjm kamnnlklmot{ an gii mzrigogtav| ~gvlgfim{ ta m{tlegtm gld giiakgtlao{ an mgkjdaoav ta G{lgo ka}otvlm{ gvm tjm {gem g{ tja{m ta tjm ka}otvlm{ lo [[Gl{ ~gild) sm kaod}kt Ntm{t{ *Kjas tm{t{, nav ~gvla}{ daoav{ god lo ~gvla}{ rmvlad{/

Tjm vm{}it{ an tjm Kjas tm{t{ gvm {jaso lo Tgfim 4/ A lodlkgtm{ tjm o}ii j|ratjm{l{ gfa~m *J2,l{ vm`mktmd *gt g 72- {lcolnlkgokm im~mi, god tjm kamnnlklmot{ an mzrigogtav| ~gvlgfim{ gvm

kao{ldmvmd ta fm dlnnmvmot fmtsmmo mw}gtlao{ ta G{lg god ta [[G/ Z lodlkgtm{ *J2, l{ oatvm`mktmd/


15/70


76

Tgfim ;0 Railk| Mig{tlklt| god Ra~mvt| Mig{tlklt|) Rgomi Gogi|{l{ nav [lz Rmvlad{

*7,

Ka}otvlm{ avAvcgolpgtlao{ Tatgi G{lg [[G Gld ta G{lg Gld ta [[G

Railk|Mig{tlklt|*f;,

Ra~mvt|Mig{tlklt|*f6,

f6(f; Railk|Mig{tlklt|*f;,


f6(f; Railk|Mig{tlklt|*f;,


f6(f;{lc/aoi| {lc/aoi| {lc/aoi|

Tatgi ADG %2/42>*%;/7;,%2/;2>

*%4/:3,

%2/374 %2/4*%6/6=,

%2/>;4 %2/3>2*%4/77,

2/773*7/26,

%2/>4; %2/;47,

%2/=3;

%2/>;4 %2/3>2 %2/=3;

E}itligtmvgi %2/646*%7/,%2/36,

%2/72*%3/=3,

%7/77;

%2/,

%2/=42*%4/7=,

%7/2:> 2/26:*2/23,

%2/44>*%7/:=,

%2/47: %7/422*%;/=>,

%2/==2*%;/67,

%7/ %2/44> %7/,

%6/:3>*%;*7/22,

%2/=>3*%3/74,

%2/424 %2/22>*%2/26,

%2/2,

%2/; %2/;2>

%2/=>3 %2/>

Oatm{0 t ~gi}m lo rgvmotjm{l{ fmias tjm kamnnlklmot/ Tjm o}efmv{ lo tjm }rrmv faz an tjm tjlvd kai}eo }odmv mgkj gvmg anvmklrlmot *f6(f; lodlkgtm tjm {}eegtlao{ an railk| mig{tlklt| god ra~mvt| mig{tlklt| vmcgvdim{{ an tjmlv {lcolnlkgokm/ Tjmo}efmv{ lo tjm iasmv faz *{lc/ aoi|, lodlkgtm tjm {}eegtlao{ an tjm {lcolnlkgot kamnnlklmot{ aoi|/ Tjm o}efmv lorgvmotjm{l{ fmias tjm ka}otv| ogem l{ tjm vgoh an *f6 ( f;,/

[a}vkm0 Hljgvg *6272,/ r/;4/

Tjm ig{t kai}eo *a {jgvm, lo Tgfim 4 lodlkgtm{ tjm o}efmv an A vm{}it{ nav tjm {lz rmvlad{ navtatgi ADG) fligtmvgi daoav{) e}itligtmvgi daoav{) god mgkj daoav vm{rmktl~mi|/ Lo tjm eg`avlt| ankg{m{) mzkmrt nav LDG god Dmoegvh) tjm o}ii j|ratjm{l{ l{ vm`mktmd) sjlkj emgo{ tjgt tjmkamnnlklmot{ an mzrigogtav| ~gvlgfim{ lo tjmlv egcolt}dm{ gvmoat tjm {gem lo m{tlegtm{ nav tjmgld giiakgtlao lo fatj G{lg god [[G/


16/70


7;

Tgfim 40 [tv}kt}vgi Dlnnmvmokm{ lo Gld Giiakgtlao{ ta G{lg god [[G *Kjas Tm{t,

Daoav{ 7@grgo

*2/27=, 2/2;>, 2/27; 2/222 2/222 2/222 > >Cmvego|

2/272 2/22; 2/227 2/222 2/222 2/22< > >Nvgokm

*2/277, *2/226, *2/222, *2/222, *2/222, *2/222, > >]H 2/> 2/224 2/226 *2/26Dmoegvh 2/46 2/664 2/;2< 2/2LDG

*2/24>, *2/:6;, *2/2;>, *2/>2:, *2/4 >Oatm{ 0 O}ii j|ratjm{l{ *J2,0 Tjm kamnnlklmot{ an gii mzrigogtav| ~gvlgfim{ ta m{tlegtm gld giiakgtlao{ an mgkj daoav ta G{lgoka}otvlm{ gvm tjm {gem g{ tja{m nav tjm ka}otvlm{ lo [[G/ l{ g{{lcomd ln J2 l{ vm`mktmd gt g 72- {lcolnlkgokm im~mi)atjmvsl{m z l{ g{{lcomd/ Tjm r ~gi}m an tjm Kjas tm{t lo mgkj vmcvm{{lao l{ lo rgvmotjm{m{/

[a}vkm0 Hljgvg *6272,/ r/;3/

6/3 Kjvaoaiaclkgi kjgocm{ lo {mimktl~lt| {lokm tjm 7


17/70


74

Tgfim =0 Kjvaoaiaclkgi Kjgocm{ lo Railk| god Ra~mvt| Mig{tlklt| an Gld Giiakgtlao{ an@grgo god Dmoegvh

Rmvlad @grgo Dmoegvh

Io*NJ Lodmz,5railk|mig{tlklt|

Io*COL rmvkgrltg, 5ra~mvt|mig{tlklt|

[mimktl~lt| 5{}e an tjmmig{tlklt|*{lcolnlkgotmig{tlklt| aoi|

Io*NJ Lodmz, 5railk| mig{tlklt|

o*COL rmvgrltg, 5

ra~mvt|mig{tlklt|

[mimktl~lt| 5{}e an tjmmig{tlklt|*{lcolnlkgotmig{tlklt| aoi|

7*%7/4=,

%6/=26 %7/2=3 %2/4==[[G %7/;=> %2/33< %6/7;= %7/6:2 %7/742 %6/4627*%6/;>,

2/>6;*6/::,

%2/44;*%2/44;,

%2/42:,

%2/6 2/=46 2/6=> 2/> %2/;;= %7/>27622>Tatgi

%2/377*%7/>3,

2/;22*7/=;,

%2/477*2,

%2/3=:*%7/64,

%2/;44*%7/66,

%7/726*2,

G{lg %2/=2: 2/;64 %2/7:4 2/4:6 %2/776 2/;32[[G %2/>;7 2/7;4 %2/42>

Oatm{0 t ~gi}m lo rgvmotjm{m{ }odmv ra~mvt| mig{tlklt| god railk| mig{tlklt|/ [lcolnlkgokm im~mi{ gvm lodlkgtmd sltj gt7-) gt =- god gt 72-/ Tjm o}efmv lo rgvmotjm{l{ }odmv {mimktl~lt| l{ tjm {}e an {lcolnlkgot mig{tlklt|/

[a}vkm0 Hljgvg *6272,/ r/;:/

Grrmodlz L n}vtjmv gogi|pm tjm {mimktl~m tmodmoklm{ an fligtmvgi daoav{ lo Dm~miaremotG{{l{tgokm Kaeelttmm *DGK, sltj tjm dgtg mztmodmd ta 622: god {mimktl~ltlm{ emg{}vmd oataoi| f| Cva{{ ADG) f}t gi{a f| ADG cvgot{ god ADG iago{/ Tjm rgomi m{tlegtm{ na}od tjgt tjmegcolt}dm{ lo ra~mvt| mig{tlklt| an cvgot{ gvm cmomvgii| igvcmv tjgo tja{m an cva{{ ADG lo ea{tka}otvlm{) god m~mo @grgom{m gld l{ ra~mvt| {mimktl~m sjmo lt l{ emg{}vmd f| tjm gldgiiakgtlao an ADG cvgot{ sjlkj {ja}id fm dmil~mvmd ta ias lokaem ka}otvlm{/ Tjm ADG iago{gvm cmomvgii| rva~ldmdta tjm vlkjmv ka}otvlm{ sjlkj tmod ta jg~m eavm dmft {}{tglogflilt| tjgoiasmv lokaem ka}otvlm{ 77

Tjm rgomi m{tlegtm{ lo Grrmodlz L gi{a lodlkgtm tjgt gld sa}id imgd ta eavm cvastj lo CDR rmvkgrltg sjmo lt l{ dmil~mvmd ta tjm vmklrlmot ka}otvlm{ sltj fmttmv railk| god ca~mvogokm) sjlkj l{kao{l{tmot sltj railk| {mimktl~lt|/ Tjm vmcvm{{lao vm{}it{) jasm~mv) lodlkgtm tjgt gld sa}id imgdta eavm cvastj sjmo lt l{ dmil~mvmd ta tjm jlcjmv lokaem ka}otvlm{) sjlkj l{ kaotvgdlktav| ta

/

77 [mm Grrmodlz L) ;/


18/70


7=

ra~mvt| {mimktl~lt|/ Ra~mvt| {mimktl~lt| eg| oat fm mzriglomd f| lt{ lergkt ao cvastj) f}t f|{aem atjmv kvltmvlg {}kj g{ ~gi}m an mw}lt| god ra~mvt| giim~lgtlao/ 76

;/ GLD RVAILNMVGTLAO GOD NVGCEMOTGTLAO

;/7 Gld Rvailnmvgtlao) Nvgcemotgtlao) god Tvgo{gktlao Ka{t{Aom an tjm eg`av kjgiimocm{ lo vmkmot gld tvmod{ l{ tjm rvailnmvgtlao an gld rva~ldmd god tjmnvgcemotgtlao an gld vmkmlrt{/ Lt l{ fmilm~md tjgt tjm{m rvm~mot gld nvae gkjlm~loc lt{ gttmertmddm~miaremot lergkt{/ Tjm AMKD *622


19/70


7>

Nlc}vm ;0 O}efmv an Rva`mkt{ god ADG rmv Rva`mkt) 72

32:2

3:

, ka~mvmd aoi| g ;%|mgv g~mvgcm) sjlkj eg| oat vm~mgi tjm iaoc%tmve tvmod{an mgkj daoav/ Hljgvg *622, ta kvmgtm g iaocmv%tmve *7, lodmz an daoav rvailnmvgtlao nav 66fligtmvgi daoav{ *god nav 64 e}itligtmvgi avcgolpgtlao{ sjlkj l{ oat rvm{motmd jmvm,/

G{ l{ lodlkgtmd lo Tgfim 3) Hljgvg{ vm{}it{ smvm {leligv ta tja{m an Gkjgv|g mt gi/ *622>, a~mv giaocmv tlem javlpao/ Kgogdg) tjm Omtjmvigod{) Oavsg|) [smdmo) god [sltpmvigod gvmrvailnmvgtav{ fatj lo tjm iaocmv v}o *7, god lo vmkmot |mgv{ *6222622>, g{ {mmo loGkjgv|g mt gi/ *622>,) sjlim tjmvm l{ oa m~ldmokm tjgt G}{tvgilg) G}{tvlg) Nvgokm) Cvmmkm) Ltgi|)@grgo) Oms Pmgigod) god tjm ]H smvm rvailnmvgtav{ d}vloc tja{m rmvlad{/

Tjm ias vgohloc an @grgo *7


22/70


7

Rvai/ vgoh

7g~mvgcm

Lodmz 6222 622>g~mvgcm

Lodmz Rvai/

vgoh7g~mvgcm

Lodmz 6222 622>g~mvgcm

Lodmz

ADG tatgi 7>>/;2 ADG tatgi 74 Ravt}cgi >2/=6

[a}vkm0 Hljgvg *622


23/70


62

Tgfim :0 Fligtmvgi Daoav{ Lodmz an Daoav Rvailnmvgtlao *g~mvgcm{ nav mgkj rmvlad,

Daoav{7


24/70


67

nav 622>,) gitja}cj nvgcemotgtlao nav G{lg jg{ fmmo vl{loc vmkmoti|/ Tjl{ lerilm{ tjgt G{lg g{ gvmclao jg{ {}nnmvmd im{{ nvae gld nvgcemotgtlao tjgo [}f%[gjgvgo Gnvlkg/ Tjm f}ih an @grgom{mADG jg{ fmmo rva~ldmd ta G{lg) sjmvm gld nvgcemotgtlao jg{ fmmo kaergvgtl~mi| ias/ Lt{}ccm{t{ tjgt @grgom{m gld jg{ kg}{md omltjmv gld nvgcemotgtlao oav) tjmvmnavm) g jlhm lotvgo{gktlao ka{t{) lo kaergvl{ao sltj gld nvae atjmv daoav{/

Tgfim 7 6222 622>ADG tatgi


25/70


66

Nlc}vm =0 Lodmz an Vmklrlmot Nvgcemotgtlao0 LVN5 *7!Jmvnlodgji Lodmz 722222

[a}vkm0 Hljgvg *6222 dm~miarloc ka}otvlm{ d}vloc 7

7 < : :

7 < < 2

7 < < 6

7 < < 4

7 < < >

7 < < :

6 2 2 2

6 2 2 6

6 2 2 4

6 2 2 >

\mgv

L o d m z

ADG Tatgi

[}f%[gjgvgo Gnvlkg

G{lg

Mg{t G{lg

[a}tj!Kmotvgi G{lg


26/70


6;

cvastj vgtm) l/m/) eavm ADG jg{ fmmo dmil~mvmd ta ka}otvlm{ sltj ias cvastj vgtm{) gitja}cj tjmomcgtl~m kavvmigtlao l{ oat {lcolnlkgot/

Tgfim 720 [rmgvego{ Vgoh%avdmv Kavvmigtlao{ fmtsmmo G~mvgcm CDR Rmv Kgrltg CvastjVgtm{ god ADG gea}ot{ f| Daoav) 737,

2/7;4*7/>:4,

G}{tvlg 2/2=7*2/>;;,

2/74;*7/:2>,

2/774*7/4;:,

2/7=6*7/=,

%2/2>>*%2/:6:,

%2/242*%2/4,

2/2:;*7/246,

2/2>2*2/3=;,

2/2;=*2/447,

2/266*2/63:,

%2/2:;*%7/2;=,

%2/2;4*%2/4;2,

Dmoegvh 2/2:6*7/263,

2/2:3*7/2:>,

2/66:*6/4*6/2:;,

2/7>,

2/2;2*2/;34,

Nloigod 2/2:4*7/2=4,

2/2;;*2/42,

%2/2;2*%2/;33,

%2/762*%7/=74,

%2/227*%2/276,

%2/2*2/>,

2/2>;*2/3:4,

2/26:*2/;4,

@grgo2/7=37,

2/736*6/7:4,

2/7>7*6/2;3,

2/2:6*7/26,OGOG

2/274*2/:2>,

2/2=4*2/>36 ,

2/27=*2/7;*%6/2==*2/:2:,

2/7;;*7/>37,

2/6>;*;/424,

[rglo 2/237*2/::6:,

2/763*7/>24,

2/23*2/:44,

%2/2:4*2/:24,

2/733*6/6=7,

2/773*7/432,

2/742*7/3>3,

2/222*2/227,

%2/72>*%7/;64,

2/262*2/64*%2/;6>,

2/2;7*2/;:;,

2/273*2/67>,

%2/2;;*%2/3:4,

][ %2/2:7*%7/277,

%2/22>*%2/237,

%2/272*%2/7;7,

%2/23;*%2/*2/62;,

%2/2;*%2/3:4,

%2/2;>*%2/443,

E}itl%igtmvgiDaoav{

%2/244*%2/=44, O/G/ O/G/ O/G/ O/G/ O/G/ O/G/ O/G/

DaoavTatgi

%2/276*%2/7=>, O/G/ O/G/ O/G/ O/G/ O/G/ O/G/ O/G/

[a}vkm0 AMKD *622


28/70


6=

Tgfim 770 [rmgvego{ Vgoh%Avdmv Kavvmigtlao{ *Fmtsmmo G~mvgcm CDR Rmv KgrltgCvastj Vgtm{ an Dm~miarloc Ka}otvlm{ god Tatgi ADG Gea}ot{ Rva~ldmd ta tjm{m

Dm~miarloc Ka}otvlm{ lo Mgkj [mktav,) 73 2/3=7

Md}kgtlao 2/23; 2/ 2/7=7 7/362

Mkaoaelk Lonvg{tv}kt}vm{ god [mv~lkm{ 2/76> 7/=:> 2/7=< 7/:7;

Momvc| 2/7=< 6/277 2/7>; 7/:=>

Tvgo{ravtgtlao god Kaee}olkgtlao 2/2 2/724 7/733

Rvad}ktlao [mktav{ 2/2:> 7/23: 2/23; 2/:66

Gcvlk}it}vm) Navm{tv| god Nl{jmv| 2/2=< 2/3;< 2/247 2/4= 7/;72

Tvgdm god Ta}vl{e 2/7:; 6/;6: 2/627 6/6 2/62; 2/244 2/=74

Rvacvge G{{l{tgokm %2/2 %2/;;2 %2/2; %2/3:4 %2/7:7 %6/2> %2/443 %2/2:< %7/22=

[a}vkm0 AMKD *622


29/70


6>

4/; Sjgt l{ tjm Lergkt an Gld ao Cvastj1

Jg{ dm~miaremot gld kaotvlf}tmd ta rmv kgrltg cvastj lo vmklrlmot ka}otvlm{1 Vgdmimt *622>,ldmotlnlmd tjvmm fvagd ~lms{ ao tjm vmigtlao{jlr fmtsmmo gld god cvastj *sjlkj l{ {tlii tjm {}f`mktan dmfgtm,0

*7, Gld jg{ g ra{ltl~m vmigtlao{jlr sltj cvastj ao g~mvgcm gkva{{ ka}otvlm{ *gitja}cjoat lo m~mv| ka}otv|,) f}t sltj dlelol{jloc vmt}vo{ g{ tjm ~ai}em an gld lokvmg{m{/

Tjl{ ~lms gvc}m{ tjgt gld jg{ g dlelol{jloc egvclogi rvad}ktl~lt|/ Jgo{mo god Tgvr *6222,taah tjl{ ra{ltlao/ Tjl{ ~lms l{ kao{l{tmot sltj g oma%kig{{lkgi cvastj eadmi/ *l, Gld slii{}rrimemot tjm {g~loc{ an vmklrlmot ka}otvlm{ god kgo fm }{md nav lo~m{temot) tjmvmf|lokvmg{loc tjm kgrltgi {takh rmv }olt an igfav/ Tjl{ slii tvgo{igtm lota cvastj god g jlcjmv im~mi anrmv kgrltg lokaem/ *ll, Gld tjgt l{ }{md nav lo~m{temot lo jmgitj god md}kgtlao slii mojgokmsavhmv{ rvad}ktl~lt|/ *lll, Tmkjolkgi g{{l{tgokm rva~ldmd g{ dm~miaremot gld slii lo~ai~m gtvgo{nmv an tmkjoaiac| god hoasimdcm/ Gkkavdloc ta tjl{ ~lms) dm~miaremot gld slii mojgokmcvastj) ao g~mvgcm) kaotvaiiloc nav atjmv ~gvlgfim{ *m/c/) cmacvgrj|) railklm{) lo{tlt}tlao{)railtlkgi kaonilkt{,) god giiasloc nav dlelol{jloc vmt}vo{/

*6, Gld jg{ oa mnnmkt ao cvastj) god eg| gkt}gii| }odmvelom cvastjGkkavdloc ta tjl{ ~lms) dm~miaremot gld slii *l, fm sg{tmd god moka}vgcm kavv}rtlao) *ll, hmmrfgd ca~mvoemot{ lo rasmv god ra{traom vmnave) *lll, fm lomnnmktl~m d}m ta tjm ileltmd gf{avrtl~mkgrgklt| an tjm vmklrlmot{) *l~, vmd}km daem{tlk *rvl~gtm) ca~mvoemot, {g~loc) god *~, }odmvelomrvl~gtm {mktav lokmotl~m{ nav lo~m{temot *D}tkj dl{mg{m,/ Mg{tmvi|) Im~lo) god Vaadego *6224,gvm rvaraomot{ an tjl{ ~lms/

*;, Gld jg{ g kaodltlaogi vmigtlao{jlr sltj cvastj) jmirloc ta gkkmimvgtm cvastj }odmvkmvtglo klvk}e{tgokm{

Tjm kaodltlao{ eg| loki}dm *l, tjm kjgvgktmvl{tlk{ an tjm vmklrlmot ka}otv| m/c/) kl~li ilfmvt|)railk| god lo{tlt}tlao{) tmve{ an tvgdm) tvarlkgi kilegtm ) *ll, daoav rvgktlkm{ *m/c/) e}itligtmvgi av

fligtmvgi gld) }otlmd av tlmd gld) gld kaavdlogtlao) vmklrlmot{# cvmgtmv asomv{jlr) vmklrlmot{#fvagdmv rgvtlklrgtlao,) god *lll, t|rm an dm~miaremot gld/

Tjm t|rm an dm~miaremot gld kgo fm kig{{lnlmd f| lt{ lergkt{ ao cvastj/ Kimemo{) Vgdmimt) godFjg~ogol *6224, an tjm Kmotmv nav Ciafgi Dm~miaremot eghm g dl{tloktlao fmtsmmo *l,memvcmok| god j}egoltgvlgo gld sjlkj eg| jg~m g omcgtl~m vmigtlao sltj cvastj8 *ll, gld navjmgitj) md}kgtlao) tjm mo~lvaoemot sjlkj jg{ iaoc%tmve lergkt{8 god *lll, {javt%lergkt gld)sjlkj loki}dm{ gld nav lonvg{tv}kt}vm) rvad}ktlao {mktav{) god gcvlk}it}vm/

Nlc}vm > {jas{ tjgt) m~mo sltj tjm {gem dgtg *dattmd lo tjm nlc}vm{,) dlnnmvmot kaoki}{lao{ kgofm dvgso) dmrmodloc ao tjm eadmi ta fm m{tlegtmd) sjlkj lii}{tvgtm{ tjm dlnnlk}itlm{ an {mttiloctjm dmfgtm/


30/70


63

Nlc}vm >0 Tjvmm ^lms{ ao Gld god Cvastj

[a}vkm0 Vgdmimt *622>,) r/ 7/

4/4 Cvastj Mnnmkt{ an [javt%Lergkt Gld

Tjm rvafime{ an kg}{gilt| emotlaomd lo {mktlao 6 an tjl{ kjgrtmv) av tjm rvafime an modacmoa}{~gvlgfim{) eg| fm dmgit sltj f| gdartloc igccmd mzrigogtav| ~gvlgfim{ lo tlem%{mvlm{ av rgomim{tlegtm{/ Tgfim 76 {jas{ tjm vm{}it{ an rgomi vmcvm{{lao) kaod}ktmd f| Hljgvg *6272,) nav rmvkgrltg CDR cvastj an dm~miarloc ka}otvlm{ lo G{lg god [}f%[gjgvgo Gnvlkg *[[G, aomzrigogtav| ~gvlgfim{) loki}dloc igccmd dmeacvgrjlk god gld *lo g w}gdvgtlk nave, ~gvlgfim{ g{lo{tv}emot{ lo g tsa%{tgcm img{t {w}gvm *6[I[, eadmi/ Dgtg nav gld ~gvlgfim{ gvm nvaeAMKD!LD[ 622< *AMKD 622


31/70


6:

Tgfim 760 Cvastj Vmcvm{{lao sltj Dmeacvgrj| god Gld

Mzrigogtav| ~gvlgfim{ 7 6 ; 4 = > 3 : ,

2/2>7:*7/22,

2/2:24*7/26,

2/272:*2/73,

Io *loltlgi savhloc gcmrar}igtlao vgtla

2/767*72/47,

2/72>*>/>:,

2/2/6=,

2/77;*=/62,

2/726*4/==,

2/2::6*4/63,

2/77,

2/726*=/>=,

2/2:;6*4/74,

7/=6:*:/;4,

7/3>;*:/;;,

7/;3:*72/;:,

7/36=*72/62,

7/;32*4/47,

7/=6=*:/==,

2/2777*2/3*7/7:,

Io 7(KRL lonigtlao %2/27==*%4/4=,

%2/2672*%3/;=,

%2/67>*%>/:3,

%2/27=/,

Mg{t G{lgo d}ee| 2/267>*=/;/,

2/267/3:,

2/27:4*=/64,

2/27,

2/2734*4/:,

%2/27>2*%=/=;,

%2/27;6*%;/::,

%2/2737*%4/;2,

%2/27;7*%=/76,

%2/272:*%;/46,

%2/2736*;/=2,

%2/27=3*%=/32,

%2/27;2*%;/6*%;/46,

%6/44*:/23,

2/743*4/3=,

2/7>;*:/7=,

*Omt ADG!CDR,6

%2/63:*%3/23,

%2/6>:*%=/=7,

%2/636*%3/734*6/


32/70


6,/ Tjm ilomgv tmve{ an giigld ~gvlgfim{ gvm {lcolnlkgoti| ra{ltl~m god tjm w}gdvgtlk tmve{ gvm {lcolnlkgot god omcgtl~m)sjlkj kimgvi| lodlkgtm{ g dlelol{jloc vmt}vo an gld ta cvastj/ Lt l{ gi{a {jaso tjgt tjmvmrg|emot an ADG dmft sa}id vmd}km rmv kgrltg CDR cvastj) f}t lo iac%nave) sjlkj emgo{ tjgttjm lergkt an vmrg|emot ao cvastj eg| oat fm {|eemtvlkgi ta tjgt an gld%cl~loc/

4/= Cvastj Gkkmimvgtlao Mnnmkt{ an [LG) Omt ADG) god Cva{{ ADG

Tgfim 7; {}ccm{t{ tjgt tjm cvastj lergkt an [LG slii fm egzlelpmd sjmo tjm im~mi an [LGvmgkjm{ 77/=- an CDR/ Kimemo{ mt gi/ *6224, na}od g {leligv [LG im~mi *:-, egzlelpmd cvastjlergkt{ lo tjmlv merlvlkgi {t}d|/ 7=

Kaergvmd sltj tjm gld im~mi{ gt sjlkj tjm cvastj lergkt{ anomt ADG *;2- an CDR, god cva{{ ADG *4


33/70


;2

Jasm~mv) tjm g~mvgcm im~mi an [LG g{ g rmvkmotgcm an CDR lo G{lg god [[G jg{ oat vmgkjmdtjm im~mi gt sjlkj lt sa}id jg~m g egzle}e mnnmkt ao CDR rmv kgrltg cvastj *tjm rmgh anw}gdvgtlk n}oktlao,) {a tjmvm l{ {karm nav daoav{ ta rva~ldm ka}otvlm{ vmkml~loc gva}od tjmg~mvgcm im~mi an [LG sltj eavm gld ta mojgokm tjmlv cvastj/ Tjl{ l{ gi{a tv}m nav omt ADG godcva{{ ADG *[mm Tgfim 7; god Nlc}vm 3,/

Tgfim 7;0 Cvastj Gkkmimvgtlao Mnnmkt{ an Mgkj Gld Kgtmcav|7>

[javt%LergktGld

Omt Gld Cva{{ Gld

Ilomgvkamnnlklmot *g, 2/=4; 2/7>; 2/77=W}gdvgtlkkamnnlklmot *f, %6/4 2/2 2/2:;

[a}vkm0 G}tjav{ kgik}igtlao/

Tjm cvastj gkkmimvgtlao mnnmkt an g vl{m lo [LG l{ eavm tjgo tsa tlem{ igvcmv tjgo tjm mnnmkt{ anlokvmg{m lo cva{{ gld *ADG, av omt gld *ADG,/ Tjm {iarm an tjm w}gdvgtlk n}oktlao gt tjmg~mvgcm an mgkj gld ltme lo vmigtlao ta CDR l{ igvcm{t sltj [LG *2/66>,) sjlkj l{ eavm tjgo tslkmtjm {iarm{ an tjm n}oktlao sltj cva{{ gld *2/2:;, god omt gld *2/2 Tjm w}gdvgtlk n}oktlao an tjm vmigtlao fmtsmmo gld god cvastj l{ {jaso g{ naiias{0

Cvastj 5 g *gld, ( f *gld, 6 (G/ Tjmvmnavm) go gld im~mi sltj egzle}e cvastj mnnmkt kgo fm aftglomd f| rgvtlgii|dlnnmvmotlgtloc tjm cvastj mw}gtlao sltj vm{rmkt ta gld) god f| {mttloc lt pmva) l/m/) g (6 f *gld, 52) egz gld im~mi 5 %g!6f/ Tjm {iarm *cvastj!gld, gt g~mvgcm gld!CDR *d, l{ aftglomd f| kgik}igtloc xg(6f*g~mvgcm gld!CDR,u

Gld!CDR *Z,

Cvastj *\,

G~mvgcmGld!CDR

\5fZ6

(gZ( K

% g!6f


34/70


;7

Nlc}vm 30 Cvastj Lergkt{ an [LG) Omt Gld) god Cva{{ Gld *M{tlegtmd Vm{}it{,

[a}vkm0 Hljgvg *6272,/ r/ 6:/22


35/70


;6

Nlc}vm :0 [javtLergkt Gld g{ g Rmvkmotgcm an ADG) C%= ka}otvlm{

[a}vkm0 Hljgvg *6272,/ r/ 6:/4; =:/;7 =6/;< =:/>=

7 >=/4>74 =2/=/247


36/70


;;

Kjgrtmv LL dmgit sltj {mimktl~lt| lo gld%cl~loc ta raav god smii%ca~mvomd ka}otvlm{) aom an tjmeg`av kvltmvlg nav mnnmktl~m gld/ Gld giiakgtlao{ an eg`av daoav{ smvm m{tlegtmd naiiasloc Daiigvgod Im~lo *6224,) f}t a~mv g iaocmv tlem javlpao god f| vmclao ta tghm daoav{ iaoc%vgocmkaotvlf}tlao{ ta dm~miaremot god tjmlv rvlavlt| gvmg{ lota gkka}ot/

Tjl{ gogi|{l{ vm~mgimd tjgt) tghloc g iaoc%tmve god vmclaogi rmv{rmktl~m) @grgo jg{ fmmo g{

{mimktl~m lo dmil~mvloc lt{ gld g{ Dmoegvh) g ka}otv| smii%hoaso nav lt{ {mimktl~m gld dmil~mv|/[mimktl~m gld rva~ldmd f| @grgo {ja}id jg~m mojgokmd lt{ mnnmkt ao cvastj god ra~mvt|vmd}ktlao/

Kjgrtmv LLL mzgelomd nvgcemotgtlao god rvailnmvgtlao an gld dmil~mv|) sjlkj gvm antmo {mmo g{f}vdmo{ ao vmklrlmot ka}otvlm{/ Lodmzm{ nav daoav rvailnmvgtlao *LDR, god gld nvgcemotgtlao *LGNgod LVN, smvm kgik}igtmd naiiasloc Hogkh god Vgjego *6223, god Gkjgv|g mt gi / *622>,) f}t)gcglo) a~mv tjm iaoc tmve god f| vmclao/

@grgo{ gld jg{ rvailnmvgtmd im{{ tjgo tjm gld rvacvge{ an ea{t ka}otvlm{/ Tjm f}ih an @grgom{mADG jg{ fmmo rva~ldmd ta G{lg) god gld nvgcemotgtlao lo G{lg jg{ fmmo gt g ias im~mi/ Tjgtlerilm{ tjgt @grgom{m gld jg{ oat kg}{md gld nvgcemotgtlao sjlkj elcjt jg~m omcgtl~mi|gnnmktmd ca~mvoemot mnnmktl~mom{{ god) lo t}vo) cvastj/

Kjgrtmv L^ dmeao{tvgtmd tjm gld%cvastj omz}{) lo rgvtlk}igv tjm {javt%tmve lergkt{ an gld ao rmvkgrltg CDR cvastj vgtm{/ [rmgvego vgoh avdmv kavvmigtlao{ fmtsmmo tjm vgohloc an vmklrlmot{CDR rmv kgrltg cvastj vgtm{ god tjm vgohloc an vmklrlmot{ ta sjae tjm vm{rmktl~m daoavdmil~mvmd ADG smvm kgik}igtmd nav mgkj daoav/ G kavvmigtlao sg{ gi{a kgik}igtmd nav mgkj {mktavfmtsmmo tjm vgohloc an vmklrlmot{ cvastj god tjm vgohloc an {mktav{ ta sjlkj tatgi ADG sg{dmil~mvmd/

An tjm DGK ka}otvlm{) aoi| @grgom{m ADG jg{ jgd g ra{ltl~m god {lcolnlkgot *gt =- im~mi,kavvmigtlao lo vgohloc sltj CDR rmv kgrltg cvastj vgtm{/ ADG rva~ldmd f| @grgo {lokm 7


37/70


;4

Tgfim 7=0 Vgohloc an @grgo f| Gld W}gilt| lo Vmkmot [t}dlm{

7/ Sliilge Mg{tmvi| god Taflg{ Rn}tpm/ 622:/ Sjmvm Dam{ tjm Eaom| Ca1 Fm{t god Sav{t Rvgktlkm{ loNavmlco Gld/@a}vogi an Mkaoaelk Rmv{rmktl~m{ 66 *6,A~mvgii A~mvjmgd

Ka{t{*m/c/

[gigv|,

[rmklgilpgtlao!Nvgcemotgtlao*Jmvnlodgji,

Lomnnmktl~m GldKjgoomi{*tlmd gld) naad)

TG,

Tvgo{rgvmok|*m/c/ armvgtlocka{t{ god

vmravt,

[mimktl~lt|*LKVC) NJ)Ias lokaem,

Vgoh8 :!;< = 76 7; 7> 6;

6/ [tmrjgo Hogkh) N/ Jgi{m| Vacmv{) Olkjaig{ M}fgoh *6272,/ Gld W}gilt| god Daoav Vgohloc{ Railk|Vm{mgvkj Savhloc Rgrmv =6 lotmvogtlaogi avcgolpgtlao{) god => rgvtomv *vmklrlmot, ka}otvlm{ lo Egvkj 622=/Hogkh) Vacmv) god M}fgoh *6272, }{md mlcjt lodlkgtav{ sjlkj smvm eaoltavmd }odmv tjm Rgvl{Dmkigvgtlao ta kao{tv}kt tjmlv Gilcoemot god Jgveaolpgtlao lodlkgtav{/ 73 Flvd{gii) Hjgvg{) godRmvghl{ *6277, lodlkgtmd kavvm{raodmokm fmtsmmo tjmlv W}gilt| an ADG dlemo{lao{ god Rgvl{Dmkigvgtlao Rvloklrim{/7:

]odmv tjm dmkigvgtlao) daoav{ god rgvtomv ka}otvlm{ jg~m kaeelttmd ta {tmr }r mnnavt{ aoAsomv{jlr) Gilcoemot) Jgveaolpgtlao) Egogcloc nav vm{}it{) god E}t}gi gkka}otgflilt| *nl~mkaeeao%{mo{m tmomt{,/

7 {rmklnlk gktlao{ god 76 lodlkgtav{) gcglo{tsjlkj tjm| sa}id emg{}vm tjl{ rvacvm{{) {mttloc tgvcmt{ nav 6272/ Tjm rvacvm{{ jg{ fmmoeaoltavmd lo tjvmm {}kkm{{l~m va}od{ an tjm [}v~m|{ *lo 622>) 622:) god 6277,/ Gkkavdloc tatjm [}v~m| 6277) aoi| aom *kaavdlogtmd tmkjolkgi kaarmvgtlao, a}t an 7; tgvcmt{ m{tgfil{jmd nav6272 jg{ fmmo emt/

Gkkavdloc ta tjm [}v~m| 6277) tjm w}gilt| an @grgom{m gld l{ gfa~m tjm g~mvgcm nav daoavka}otvlm{ god avcgolpgtlao{ lo ea{t an lodlkgtav{/ *[mm Tgfim 7>,/

Tgfim 7>0 Rvacvm{{ lo Lodlkgtav{ nav tjm Rgvl{ Dmkigvgtlao*3: ka}otvlm{ god tmvvltavlm{ lo 6272,

Daoav{!Lodlkgtav{ 6272Tgvcmt

Tatgig~mvgcm

@grgo ][ ]H Cmvego| Nvgokm Dmoegvh

Lod/ ;0 Gvm ca~mvoemotf}dcmtm{tlegtm{ kaervmjmo{l~m godvmgil{tlk1

:=- 47 42 ;6 46 4= 46 >2

Lod/40 Jas e}kj TG l{kaavdlogtmd sltj ka}otv|rvacvge{1

=2- =3 :2 4< ;< 34 =3 ::

Lod/=g0 Jas e}kj gld }{m{ka}otv| RNE {|{tme{ 1

:2- =7 >< 77 >: 44 >< >6

Lo/=f0 Jas e}kj gld }{m{ka}otv| rvak}vmemot {|{tme{ 1

:2- 44 >< 7; >< >2 34 3:

Lod/>0 Jas ego| RL]{ gvmrgvgiimi ta ka}otv| {tv}kt}vm{1*tjm nmsmv tjm fmttmv,

>77 6);=:/

2 44: => ;= 76 64

Lod/30 Gvmdl{f}v{memot{ ao{kjmd}im god vmkavdmd f|ca~mvoemot1

37- ;3 ;3 6: =; 42 ;3 4:

Lod/ :0 Jas e}kj fligtmvgi gld l{ }otlmd1

Rvacvm{{a~mvtlem

:> >- 4; 4: 46 =3 =7 6< 36

[a}vkm 0 AMKD *6277,/

{tvgtmclm{ *lodlkgtav 7, l{ eaoltavmd/*6, Gilcoemot emgo{ tjgt daoav{ fg{m tjmlv a~mvgii {}rravt ao rgvtomv ka}otvlm{ ogtlaogi dm~miaremot

{tvgtmclm{) lo{tlt}tlao{) god rvakmd}vm{/ ]odmv tjl{ tmomt) tjm lodlkgtav{ nav vmilgfim RNE {|{tme{ *lodlkgtav6g, god vmilgfim rvak}vmemot {|{tme{ *lodlkgtav 6f, gilcomd ao ogtlaogi rvlavlt| *gld vmkavdmd ta f}dcmt,*lodlkgtav ;,) kaavdlogtmd TG *lodlkgtav 4,) }{m an ka}otv| RNE {|{tme{ *lodlkgtav =g,) }{m an ka}otv|rvak}vmemot {|{tme* lodlkgtav =f,) g~aldloc rgvgiimi RL]{ *lodlkgtav >,) gld rvmdlktgflilt| *lodlkgtav 3,) god}otlmd gld *lodlkgtav :, gvm eaoltavmd/

*;, Jgveaolpgtlao emgo{ tjgt daoav{ gktlao{ gvm eavm jgveaolpmd) tvgo{rgvmot) god kaiimktl~mi| mnnmktl~m/]odmv tjl{ tmomt) tjm lodlkgtav{ nav }{m an kaeeao gvvgocmemot god rvakmd}vm{ *lodlkgtav


39/70


;>

Gitja}cj ego| lodlkgtav{ ta ~gi}m gld w}gilt| gvm grrilmd }ol~mv{gii|) aom {lpm dm~miaremotg{{l{tgokm eg| oat nlt gii/ Gld mnnmktl~mom{{ dlnnmv{ f| vmclao) ka}otv|) god lt{ railk| godlo{tlt}tlao{/ Lt jg{ fmmo merlvlkgii| kaonlvemd tjgt gld savh{ fmttmv lo ka}otvlm{ sltj caad railk|god ca~mvogokm/ Fmttmv cvastj rva{rmkt{ god {tvaocmv gld mnnmkt{ kgo fm af{mv~md lo Mg{t G{lglo kaergvl{ao sltj tja{m lo [}f [gjgvgo Gnvlkg av tvarlkgi ka}otvlm{/

Mgkj vmclao jg{ lt{ aso gld dmegod{8 tj}{ dm~miaremot g{{l{tgokm {ja}id vmnimkt tjm {rmklnlkdmegod{ lo mgkj vmclao/ [aem gld%vmklrlmot ka}otvlm{ god mkaoaelm{ eg| oat jg~m tvgdltlaogidmegod{ nav gld ta vmd}km ra~mvt|) f}t jg~m fmmo ngkmd sltj oms god cvasloc kjgiimocm{) {}kjg{ rar}igtlao gcloc) sjlkj slii dmrvl~m Mg{t G{lg an tjm dmeacvgrjlk dl~ldmod{) l/m/) g igvcmsavhloc gcm rar}igtlao) jlcj {g~loc{ god lo~m{temot vgtla{) god vgrld mkaoaelk cvastj/ Mg{tG{lg slii ommd tmkjolkgi g{{l{tgokm god vmclaogi kaarmvgtlao ta dmgi sltj tjm{m oms kjgiimocm{ln lt l{ ta eglotglo lt{ cvastj eaemot}e/

Lt eg| fm eavm leravtgot ta ldmotln| tjm gld dmegod{ god tjm gr rvarvlgtm dmil~mv| emkjgol{e{nav mgkj vmclao tjgo ta vgoh daoav{ gkkavdloc ta }ol~mv{gi kvltmvlg 62

62 Tjmvm jg~m fmmo gttmert{ ta m~gi}gtm tjm w}giltlm{ an daoav{ f| tghloc lota gkka}ot vmclaogi vmw}lvmemot{ av tjmtmodmok| ta rva~ldm g{{l{tgokm an mgkj daoav lo vmkmot vgohloc mzmvkl{m{/ Hogkh) Vacmv{) god M}fgoh *6272,mzrilklti| kao{ldmvmd tjm ileltmd cmacvgrjlkgi egodgtm an e}itligtmvgi avcgolpgtlao{) god vgohmd G{lgo Dm~miaremotFgoh *GDF, 6od aoi| gntmv LDG a}t an ;: daoav{ lo tmve{ an {mimktl~lt|) sjlkj imd ta g tar a~mvgii gld w}gilt| vgohlocnav GDF/ Tjm vmclaogi vgohloc{ an tjm Lodmz an Daoav Rmvnavegokm {tgvtmd fmloc r}fil{jmd lo Vaadego *6272,/Tjm Lodmz an Daoav Rmvnavegokm gi{a kao{ldmv{ tjm kaotvlf}tlao an fligtmvgi daoav{ ta e}itligtmvgi avcgolpgtlao{ tafm loki}dmd lo tjm kaotvlf}tlao an mgkj fligtmvgi daoav f| giiakgtloc tjm w}gilt|%gd`}{tmd gld tatgi{ an e}itligtmvgi{fgkh ta mgkj fligtmvgi lo rvaravtlao ta lt{ omt kaotvlf}tlao ta tjm e}itligtmvgi/

/ Tjm rvgktlkm{ an gld daoav{{ja}id fm m~gi}gtmd gkkavdloc ta tjm dmegod{ god eadgiltlm{ vmw}lvmd lo mgkj vmklrlmot{klvk}e{tgokm{/


40/70


;3

VMNMVMOKM[

Gkjgv|g) G/) G/ Tmvm{g) N dm Ileg) god E/ Eaavm/ 622>/ Rvailnmvgtlao god Nvgcemotgtlao0Tvgo{gktlao Ka{t{ god ^gi}m an Gld/ @a}vogi an Dm~miaremot [t}dlm{ *46,70 7%67

Flvd{gii) O/ god J/ Hjgvg{/ 6272/ W}gilt| an Annlklgi Dm~miaremot G{{l{tgokm G{{m{{emot/Kmotmv nav Ciafgi Dm~miaremot

Flvd{gii O) J/ Hjgvg{ god V/ Rmvghl{/ 6277/ Emg{}vloc tjm W}gilt| an GldW}ADG {mkaod mdltlao/Savid Fgoh

Fiaae) D/ M/ god D/ Kgooloc/ 6224/ Ciafgi dmeacvgrjlk kjgocm0 Dlemo{lao{ god mkaoaelk{lcolnlkgokm/OFMV Savhloc Rgrmv [mvlm{ 72:73/

F}vo{ldm) K/ god D/ Daiigv/ 6222/ Gld) Railklm{) god Cvastj/ Tjm Gemvlkgo Mkaoaelk Vm~lms /


41/70


;:

Hg}negoo) D/) G/ Hvgg|) god E/ Eg{tv}ppl/ 6272/ Tjm Savidsldm Ca~mvogokm Lodlkgtav{8Emtjadaiac| god Gogi|tlkgi L{{}m{/ Savid Fgoh Railk| Vm{mgvkj Savhloc Rgrmv =4;2

Hgsgl) E/ 622=/ Railk| kajmvmokm nav Dm~miaremot lo @grgo/ Vmravt an [t}d| Cva}r ao Railk| Kajmvmokm Gogi|{l{ fg{md ao vmclaogi mkaoaelk grrvagkj0 Mzrmvlmokm an Mg{tG{lg god Railklm{ an atjmv Daoav{/ @FLK

Hljgvg) T/ 622;/ Rvaiac}m an Mkaoaelk{ ao Gld KaavdlogtlaoL{ Gld Kaavdlogtlao lo tjmOgtlaogi Lotmvm{t1 EAN!RVL Dl{k}{{lao Rgrmv [mvlm{ 2;G%2>

Hljgvg) T/ 622=/ Tjm oms sg~m an Dm~miaremot NlogokmVmim~gokm an Railk| god Lo{tlt}tlaogiMo~lvaoemot god Tgliav%egdm Gld/ EAN!RVL Dl{k}{{lao Rgrmv [mvlm{ 2=G%64

Hljgvg) T/ 622


42/70


;g/ Gld Rva`mkt Rvailnmvgtlao god Gf{avrtl~m Kgrgklt|/ Kmotmv nav CiafgiDm~miaremot Savhloc Rgrmv O}efmv 3=

Vaadego) D/ 622>f/ Kaermtltl~m Rvailnmvgtlao an Gld Rva`mkt{0 G Eadmi/ Kmotmv nav CiafgiDm~miaremot Savhloc Rgrmv O}efmv :3/ Dmkmefmv 622: Mdltlao

Vaadego) D/ 6277g/ Tjm Kaeeltemot ta Dm~miaremot Lodmz0 6277 Mdltlao/ Kmotmv nav CiafgiDm~miaremot

Vaadego) D/6277f/ Go Lodmz an Daoav Rmvnavegokm0 Aktafmv 6277 Mdltlao/ Savhloc RgrmvO}efmv >3/ Kmotmv nav Ciafgi Dm~miaremot

Vaadego) D/) K/ Rvlmta) god R/ Gfgvkgv/ 6277/ Kaeeltemot ta Dm~miaremot Lodmz 62770 @grgo/Kmotmv nav Ciafgi Dm~miaremot

Taca) H/) god \/ Sgdg/ 622>/ Lodmz an Daoav Rmvnavegokm 622>0 [mimktl~lt| god Rva`mktRvailnmvgtlao/ VLMTL

]oltmd Ogtlao{/ 6223/ Savid Rar}igtlao Rva{rmkt{0 622> Vm~l{lao

Savid Fgoh Savid Dm~miaremot Lodlkgtav{ ~gvla}{ l{{}m{ god aoilom


43/70


42

GRRMODLZ L0 N]VTJMV GOGI\[M[ AO [MIMKTL^LT\ ANFLIGTMVGI DAOAV[

7/ Cvastj Lergkt{ an Gld ao Ka}otvlm{ sltj Caad Railk| god sltjRa~mvt|

Dam{ gld vmgii| mojgokm rmv kgrltg cvastj an tjm vmklrlmot ka}otv| sltj caad railk| av sltjra~mvt|1 Tjm cvastj vgtm{ an CDR rmv kgrltg an dm~miarloc ka}otvlm{ lo G{lg god [}f [gjgvgoGnvlkg *[[G, gvm vmcvm{{md ao mzrigogtav| ~gvlgfim{ kaeeao ta tjm oma%kig{{lkgi cvastjeadmi) god g railk| ~gvlgfimtjm Nvmmdae Ja}{m *NJ, lodmzg{ smii g{ gld% lotmvgktl~m tmve{sltj loltlgi lokaem im~mi{ god NJ lodmz/ Tjm m{tlegtmd vm{}it{ gvm {jaso lo Tgfim G7/

Tgfim G70 Oma%kig{{lkgi Cvastj Eadmi sltj Railklm{) Ra~mvt|) god Gld

*Dmrmodmot ^gvlgfim0 CDR rmv kgrltg cvastj vgtm * |!|,*-,) Rgomi m{tlegtm{ sltj 32 ka}otvlm{

god < rmvlad{ *4 |mgv{ lo mgkj rmvlad d}vloc 7=*67/=7,

2/>63*6/26,

%7/=;4=2=

Eadmi6

7;/3=7*;/3=,

;/;62*6;/37,

2/>6;*6/7;,

%7/37=*%6/26,

%7/>2=*%6/>*%2/72,

7/236*7/;>4Io *|2, z G (f3Io *nj, z G ( m

Tjm mnnmkt an gld ao tjm cvastj vgtm an rmv kgrltg CDR kgo fm na}od }{loc tjl{ mw}gtlao f|rgvtlgii| dlnnmvmotlgtloc lt f| gld *G,) l/m/)

|!| ! G 5 f> Io *|2, ( f3 Io *nj,


44/70


47

Nvae Eadmi 6) tjm kamnnlklmot an loltlgi lokaem im~mi *f>, l{ m{tlegtmd ta fm ra{ltl~m *7/236,)sjmvmg{ tjm kamnnlklmot an tjm NJ lodmz l{ m{tlegtmd ta fm omcgtl~m *% 4/424,8 fatj gvm {lcolnlkgotgt tjm 72- im~mi/ Tjm omcgtl~m kamnnlklmot an tjm NJ lodmz *f3, lodlkgtm{ tjgt tjm {egiimv tjm~gi}m an Io *nj, *l/m/) tjm fmttmv tjm railk|,) tjm cvmgtmv tjm mnnmkt an gld ao tjm rmv kgrltg CDRcvastj vgtm/ Tjl{ vm{}it l{ kao{l{tmot sltj tjm vmkmot tvmod an dm~miaremot g{{l{tgokm fmlocdmil~mvmd ta smii%ca~mvomd ka}otvlm{ nav lt ta fm eavm mnnmktl~m *l/m/) railk| {mimktl~lt|,/ F}t tjmra{ltl~m kamnnlklmot an loltlgi lokaem im~mi{ *|2, lo eadmi 6 l{ kaotvgdlktav| ta tjm rvara{ltlao tjgtgld {ja}id fm cl~mo ta iasmv lokaem ka}otvlm{/ Tjm m{tlegtmd vm{}it{ {jas tjgt gld sa}id imgdta eavm cvastj sjmo cl~mo ta ka}otvlm{ sltj jlcjmv lokaem *igvcmv |2,/

Tjmvmnavm) g{ ngv g{ gld mnnmktl~mom{{ lo tmve{ an tjm cvastj lergkt ao CDR rmv kgrltg l{kaokmvomd) tjm m{tlegtmd vm{}it{ {}ccm{t tjgt railk| {mimktl~lt| sa}id eghm {mo{m g{ g emgo{an jmlcjtmoloc tjm lergkt an gld ao rmv kgrltg cvastj f| cl~loc lt ta fmttmv%ca~mvomd ka}otvlm{/Jasm~mv) ra~mvt| {mimktl~lt| ka}id oat fm mzriglomd f| tjm mnnmkt an gld ao CDR cvastj)fmkg}{m gld cl~mo ta jlcjmv lokaem ka}otvlm{ vm{}itmd lo g jlcjmv cvastj vgtm tjgo tjgt cl~mo taiasmv lokaem ka}otvlm{/ Ra~mvt| {mimktl~lt| eg| fm fmttmv mzriglomd f| tjm ~gi}m an mw}lt| godra~mvt| giim~lgtlao nav sjlkj tjm raav {ja}id vmkml~m gld/ Gkkavdloc ta tjm gfa~m m{tlegtm)railk| {mimktl~m gld l{ eavm mnnmktl~m sjmo mnnmktl~mom{{ l{ cg}cmd f| tjm lergkt an gld aormv kgrltg CDR cvastj/ 67

67 Ln sm m~gi}gtm tjm mnnmkt an cva{{ gld ao CDR rmv kgrltg cvastj vgtm{ sltj tjm {gerim emgo{ an Io *|2, god Io*NJ,) g 7-

lokvmg{m lo cva{{ gld lo vmigtlao ta CDR sa}id vm{}it lo go g~mvgcm lokvmg{m an tjm CDR rmv kgrltg cvastj vgtm an 2/4;-/X *|!|,! *G,5f>Io*|2,(f3Io*nj,57/236z>/63: 4/424z7/4;752/4;2U/


45/70


46

6/ Kavvmigtlao{ fmtsmmo NJ Lodmz) KRLG) god COL Rmv Kgrltg

Dam{ tjm Nvmmdae Ja}{m Lodmz *NJ lodmz, gdmw}gtmi| vmrvm{mot tjm ca~mvogokm av railk|mo~lvaoemot an tjm ka}otvlm{ sjmvm gld l{ mnnmktl~m1 Tjl{ {mktlao lii}{tvgtm{ tjm kavvmigtlao{fmtsmmo tjm NJ lodmz god tjm ea{t kaeeaoi| }{md railk| god lo{tlt}tlaogi lodmz *Savid

Fgoh{ KRLG,) god kavvmigtlao{ fmtsmmo tjm NJ lodmz god COL rmv kgrltg) ta {mm sjmtjmv fatjaf`mktl~m{ *tgvcmtloc fatj raavi|%ca~mvomd god smii%ca~mvomd ka}otvlm{, kgo fm gttglomd f|}{loc aom kvltmvlao/

*7, Kavvmigtlao fmtsmmo NJ Lodmz god KRLG *LVG,

L{ tjm NJ Lodmz smii kavvmigtmd sltj tjm KRLG av LVG *LDG vm{a}vkm{ giiakgtlao, Lodmz *antmo}{md f| Savid Fgoh {tgnn ta g{{m{{ tjm railk| mo~lvaoemot an dm~miarloc ka}otvlm{,1 Tjm nlc}vmfmias dmrlkt{ tjm kavvmigtlao fmtsmmo tjm NJ Lodmz god tjm LDG Vm{a}vkm{ Giiakgtlao *LVG,Lodmz an tjm vmklrlmot ka}otvlm{ lo G{lg god [[G d}vloc 622=622


46/70


4;

*6, Kavvmigtlao fmtsmmo COL rmv kgrltg god NJ Lodmz

Nlc}vm G6 dmrlkt{ tjm kavvmigtlao fmtsmmo tjm iacgvltje an tjm NJ Lodmz *javlpaotgi gzl{, godtjm iacgvltje an COL rmv kgrltg *~mvtlkgi gzl{, lo tjm af{mv~gtlao{ }{md nav {mimktl~lt| m{tlegtlao/Lt kimgvi| lodlkgtm{ tjgt fatj gvm omcgtl~mi| god {lcolnlkgoti| kavvmigtmd/ Tjm kavvmigtlao

kamnnlklmot l{ %2/4=> god tjm vmcvm{{lao vm{}it an tjm rgomi m{tlegtm *rmvlad nlzmd mnnmkt{ eadmi,an Io *COL rmv kgrltg, ao Io *NJ Lodmz, {jas{ g {lcolnlkgot *gt 7- im~mi, god omcgtl~mkamnnlklmot *%2/


47/70


44

;/ Railk| god Ra~mvt| [mimktl~lt| lo ADG Cvgot{ god ADG Iago{

*7, Ra~mvt| mig{tlklt| an ADG cvgot{ god ADG iago{

M~gi}gtloc {mimktl~lt| f| iaahloc gt Cva{{ ADG l{ el{imgdloc fmkg}{m ADG iago{ gvm rva~ldmdta ka}otvlm{ sltj jlcjmv dmft {}{tglogflilt|) sjlkj tmod ta fm tjm ka}otvlm{ sltj jlcjmv lokaemim~mi{/ Tjm ra~mvt| tgvcmt eg| fm r}v{}md f| rva~ldloc raav ka}otvlm{ sltj ADG cvgot{/Tjmvmnavm) ra~mvt| {mimktl~lt| {ja}id fm emg{}vmd f| cvgot giiakgtlao vgtjmv tjgo f| giiakgtlaoan cva{{ ADG/

Tgfim{ G7) G6) god G; {jas railk| mig{tlklt| god ra~mvt| mig{tlklt| an mgkj fligtmvgi daoav lo lt{dmil~mv| an Cva{{ ADG) ADG cvgot{) god ADG iago{ ta tjm vmklrlmot ka}otvlm{ lo G{lg god [[G)G{lg aoi|) god [[G aoi|) vm{rmktl~mi|/ Tjm rmvlad an m{tlegtlao l{ mztmodmd ta 622: *nvae 622>,asloc ta tjm g~gligflilt| an eavm vmkmot dgtg nav fligtmvgi daoav{ *oat e}itligtmvgi daoav{, loLD[!AMKD *AMKD 6272,/ D}m ta tjm mztmodmd rmvlad an m{tlegtlao god {aem vm~l{lao{ an aidnlc}vm{ lo tjm oms dgtg {mt) tjm m{tlegtmd kamnnlklmot{ gvm dlnnmvmot nvae tja{m rvm{motmd lo tjmtgfim{ an Kjgrtmv LL an tjl{ rgrmv *sjlkj smvm m{tlegtmd }{loc LD[!AMKD dgtg *AMKD) 622:f,)tja}cj tjm cmomvgi tvmod l{ tjm {gem/Tjm{m m{tlegtmd vm{}it{ kimgvi| {jas tjgt tjm egcolt}dm{ *gf{ai}tm ~gi}m{ an omcgtl~mkamnnlklmot{, an ra~mvt| mig{tlklt| an cvgot{ gvm cmomvgii| jlcjmv tjgo tja{m an cva{{ ADG lo ea{tka}otvlm{/ God {mimktl~lt| emg{}vmd f| ADG cvgot{ dmil~mvmd f| eg`av iago rva~ldmv{) ilhm@grgo) l{ kimgvi| dlnnmvmot nvae {mimktl~lt| emg{}vmd f| Cva{{ ADG/ @grgom{m lokaem mig{tlklt|an cvgot{ t}vo{ a}t ta fm omcgtl~m *f}t oat {lcolnlkgot, kaergvmd sltj tjm {lcolnlkgoti| ra{ltl~mmig{tlklt| an Cva{{ ADG lo tjm m{tlegtlao{ an G{lg god [[G tghmo tacmtjmv) god lo tjmm{tlegtlao{ an G{lg aoi|/ Tjm egcolt}dm an ra~mvt| {mimktl~lt| *omcgtl~m god {lcolnlkgotkamnnlklmot, an @grgom{m cvgot gld fmkaem{ jlcjmv tjgo tjm egcolt}dm an ra~mvt| {mimktl~lt| anCva{{ ADG lo tjm kg{m an [[G/ Lt l{ gi{a oatmsavtj| tjgt ADG iago{ gvm rva~ldmd ta vlkjmvka}otvlm{ *{lcolnlkgot god ra{ltl~m lokaem Xra~mvt|U mig{tlklt|,) oat aoi| f| @grgo) f}t gi{a f|

Cmvego| god tjm ]H/Tjl{ emgo{ tjgt @grgom{m gld l{ m~mo ra~mvt| {mimktl~m sjmo lt l{ emg{}vmd f| tjm gldgiiakgtlao an cvgot sjlkj {ja}id fm dmil~mvmd ta ias lokaem ka}otvlm{/ Tjm ADG iago{ gvmcmomvgii| rva~ldmd ta tjm vlkjmv ka}otvlm{ sjlkj tmod ta jg~m eavm dmft {}{tglogflilt| tjgo iasmvlokaem ka}otvlm{/

Lodmmd) tjm naiiasloc {lerim gogi|{l{ {}ccm{t{ tjgt @grgom{m ADG cvgot{ gvm lo ngkt ra~mvt|{mimktl~m/ Nlc}vm G; dmrlkt{ tjm kavvmigtlao fmtsmmo iacgvltje an COL rmv kgrltg *javlpaotgi gzl{,god iacgvltje an @grgom{m ADG cvgot{ *~mvtlkgi gzl{, lo tjm af{mv~gtlao{ }{md nav {mimktl~lt|m{tlegtlao *G{lg god [[G,/ Lt lodlkgtm{ tjgt fatj gvm omcgtl~mi| god {lcolnlkgoti| kavvmigtmd/ Tjmkavvmigtlao kamnnlklmot l{ %2/766) god tjm vmcvm{{lao vm{}it an g rgomi m{tlegtm *rmvlad nlzmdmnnmkt{ eadmi, an Io *@grgom{m ADG cvgot, ao Io *COL rmv kgrltg, {jas{ g {lcolnlkgot *gt 7-im~mi, god omcgtl~m kamnnlklmot *%2/;=


48/70


4=

Nlc}vm G;0 Kavvmigtlao fmtsmmo Io *COL rmv kgrltg, *javlpaotgi gzl{, god Io *@grgom{mADG Cvgot{, *~mvtlkgi gzl{,

[a}vkm0 AMKD *6272,) Savid Dm~miaremot Lodlkgtav{8 god G}tjav{ kgik}igtlao{/

*6, Railk| god Ra~mvt| [mimktl~lt| lo Gld Giiakgtlao ta G{lg god [[G

Tgfim{ G6) G;) god G4 {jas railk| god ra~mvt| {mimktl~lt| lo gld giiakgtlao *Cva{{ ADG) ADGcvgot{) ADG iago{, ta vmklrlmot ka}otvlm{ lo G{lg god [[G) ta vmklrlmot ka}otvlm{ lo G{lg aoi|)god ta vmklrlmot ka}otvlm{ lo [[G aoi|/ Tjm mig{tlklt| an ADG iago{ gvm m{tlegtmd aoi| nav tjmnl~m igvcm{t ADG daoav{ *][) ]H) Cmvego|) Nvgokm) god @grgo,/

Nvae tjm{m tgfim{) tjm fligtmvgi daoav ka}otvlm{ eg| fm kig{{lnlmd gkkavdloc ta tjmlv {mimktl~mtmodmoklm{ lota tjm naiiasloc 4 kgtmcavlm{0 *7, railk| {mimktl~m *omcgtl~m kamnnlklmot ao NJ)ra{ltl~m av lo{lcolnlkgot kamnnlklmot ao lokaem,) *6, ra~mvt| {mimktl~m *omcgtl~m kamnnlklmot aolokaem) ra{ltl~m av lo{lcolnlkgot kamnnlklmot ao NJ,) *;, railk| god ra~mvt| {mimktl~m *omcgtl~mkamnnlklmot{ ao fatj NJ god lokaem,) god *4, oat {mimktl~m *fatj kamnnlklmot{ gvm lo{lcolnlkgot avsltj arra{ltm {lco{,/


49/70


4>

Tgfim G60 Railk| Mig{tlklt| god Ra~mvt| Mig{tlklt| an Fligtmvgi Daoav{ lo Cva{{ ADG) ADGcvgot{) god ADG Iago{ ta G{lg god [}f%[gjgvgo Gnvlkg *Tatgi,)

Rgomi Gogi|{l{ nav [lz Rmvlad{ *7=,

2/43=,

2/43>= %2/2=2

*%2/6=,%2/4;3

*%4/=2, %2/4:3

%2/4;7 %2/4;3

Fmicl}e 2/766*2/=4,

%2/=66*%4/3;,

%2/4 2/76;*2/=;,

%2/=:;*%=/6;,

%2/4>

%2/=66 %2/=:;Kgogdg %2/2

*%2/=:,%2/6;

*%2/;3,%2/;:=

*%4/>

*%2/;6,%2/=2/>4,

%2/36:%2/32=

Ltgi| 2/422

*7/32,

%2/3:2

*%>/:;,

%2/;:

%2/3:2

2/6:=

*7/6:,

%2/:=/;7,

%2/2

I}zmefa}vc %2/3>2*%;/>2*%;/>64*%6/,

%7/424%7/424

Oms Pmgigod %7/74/;7,

%2/>44%2/>:3

Ravt}cgi %2/744*%2/=:,%2/7:;*%7/=6,

%2/;632

%2/744*%2/>2,

%2/73>*%7/=7,

%2/;62

[rglo %2/224*%2/27,

%2/;23*%6/4:,

%2/;77%2/;23

%2/7==*%2/>36

%2/676*%2/:6,

%2/>36*%=/;7,

%2/::4%2/>36

[sltpmvigod %2/246*%2/67,%2/,

%7/>3=%7/>3=

%7/2=6*%4/;7,

%2/>46*%=/46,

%7/>


50/70


43

Tgfim G;0 Railk| Mig{tlklt| god Ra~mvt| Mig{tlklt| an Fligtmvgi daoav{ lo Cva{{ ADG) ADGCvgot{ god ADG Iago{ ta G{lg)

Rgomi Gogi|{l{ nav [lz Rmvlad{ *7*%4/;4,

2/266*2/2;

*%2/>;,%2/6;4*%7/==,

%2/;>*%;/2=,

%2/=>

Fmicl}e %2/;44*%7/67,

%2/646 %2/;47*%7/7;2*%6/>7,

%2/3:=

%2/=4< %2/>;2Nloigod 2/62>

*2/:4,%2/374

*%4/=3, %2/=2: 2/624

*2/:;,%2/36,

2/=6 %7/7==*%6/>>,

2/634*2/4*%7/36,

%2/626 %7/42;*%;/;2,

2/;= 2/7=;*2/3:,

%2/273*%2/74,

2/7;>22

Lvmigod %2/662*%2/>, %7/24=%2/:6=

%2/662*%2/>,

%7/24:%2/:6=

Ltgi| %2/>=6

*%6/4>,

%2/;63

*%7/;*%;/:7,

%2/26;*%2/7:,

%2/3:>%2/3>;

%7/>43*%4/26,

7/242*;/23%2/>23

I}zmefa}vc %2/664*%2/:3,%2/>;:

*%;/:3, %2/:>6%2/>;:

%2/664*%2/:3,

%2/>;:*%;/:3,

%2/:>6%2/>;:

Omtjmvigod{ %2/4:3*%7/>>,

%2/3=3*%4/;3,

%7/644%7/644

%2/4=:*%7/=>,

%2/344*%4/6:,

%7/626%2/344

Oms Pmgigod %7/23>*%;/77,

%2/7==*%2/32,

%7/6;7%7/23>

%7/23>*%;/77,

%2/7==*%2/32,

%7/6;7%7/23>

Oavsg| 2/627*2/3>,%2/%2/,

%2/7*%2/6=,

%2/2=7*%2/;6,

%2/7762

[rglo %2/=44,

2/7,%7/7=4

*%>/22, %7/;67%7/7=4

%2/7>:*%2/=>,

%7/7=6*%>/22,

%7/;6%7/7=6

[sltpmvigod 2/7==*2/=%7/66:

%2/4::*%7/47,

%2/:27,

%2/74;

%2/6:3 2

Fmicl}e 2/72:*2/;3,

%2/7*%7/=3,

%2/2:: 2/726*2/;=,

%2/64>*%7/>,%2/22>*%2/2>,

%2/7=4 %2/672*%2/3

*%;/7>,%2/=34

*%;/;7,%7/:47 %7/=

*%;/:4,%2/32;

*%;/

2 2Nvgokm %2/767

*%2/;,

2/274 %2/6:2*%2/=2,

2/;77*7/;7,

2/2;7

2 2 2Cmvego| %2/3::

*%;/>7,%2/;>4

*%;/6*2/:3,

2/7=322

Lvmigod 2/747*2/47,%2/6>=*%7/:6,

%2/764%2/6>=

2/747*2/47,

%2/6>=*%7/:6,

%2/764%2/6>=

Ltgi| 2/>2>

*7/7*2/>3,

%7/2%7/6=3

I}zmefa}vc %7/366*%=/==,%2/4:;

*%;/>:*%;/=::*%=/6:,

%7/3=>%7/3=>

%7/77:*%;/33,

%2/37>*%=/=7,

%7/:;4%7/:;4

Oms Pmgigod %2/762*%2/==,2/763*7/;:,

2/2232

%2/762*%2/==,

2/763*7/;:,

2/2232

Oavsg| %2/:;*%7/=3,

%2/477*%6/;7,

%7/234%2/477

[sltpmvigod %2/>2:*%6/26,

%2/3>=*%=/,

%2/


52/70


4,

Railk| {mimktl~lt| an fatj Cva{{ ADG god Cvgot{ lo tatgi eg| vmnimkt {lcolnlkgot railk|{mimktl~lt| lo [[G) sjmvmg{ ra~mvt| {mimktl~lt| lo tatgi an fatj Cva{{ ADG god Cvgot eg| vmnimkt{lcolnlkgot ra~mvt| {mimktl~lt| lo fatj G{lg god [[G/

Nlool{j

3, Gitja}cj

Ra~mvt| {mimktl~lt| an fatj Cva{{ ADG god Cvgot{ lo tatgi eg| vmnimkt {lcolnlkgotra~mvt| {mimktl~lt| lo G{lg/

Nvmokj

:,

gld lo tatgi lodlkgtm{ tjm {lcolnlkgot vm~mv{m railk| {mimktl~lt| nav fatj Cva{{ADG god Cvgot{ god {lcolnlkgot ra~mvt| {mimktl~lt| nav Cvgot{) tjm m{tlegtmd kamnnlklmot{ lo mgkjvmclao gvm oat {lcolnlkgot *Tjl{ eg| emgo Nvmokj {mimktl~lt| kgrt}vm{ tjm dlnnmvmokm{ fmtsmmovmclao{eavm gld ta vlkjmv G{lg) f}t eavm cvgot gld ta raavmv [[G/,

Cmvego


54/70


=7

77, @grgom{m

76, Tjm ra~mvt| {mimktl~lt| an

railk| {mimktl~lt| lo tatgi eg| vmnimkt {lcolnlkgot omcgtl~m kamnnlklmot ao railk|{mimktl~lt| lo fatj G{lg god [[G nav gii ADG kgtmcavlm{/ Tjm ra{ltl~m god {lcolnlkgot kamnnlklmotao ra~mvt| mig{tlklt| an Cva{{ ADG lo tatgi eg| vmnimkt tjgt lo G{lg/ Jasm~mv) tjl{ kamnnlklmott}vo{ omcgtl~m nav Cvgot{ lo tatgi) vmnimktloc tjgt lo [[G) tjm kamnnlklmot an sjlkj l{ {lcolnlkgot godomcgtl~m/ Lo [[G) tjm kamnnlklmot an ra~mvt| mig{tlklt| an Cva{{ ADG l{ gi{a {lcolnlkgot godomcgtl~m/ @grgo l{ ra~mvt| {mimktl~m lo gld dmil~mv| ta [[G/ G{ nav ADG iago{) tjm ra{ltl~m god{lcolnlkgot ra~mvt| *lokaem, mig{tlklt| lo tatgi eg| vmnimkt tjgt lo G{lg/

I}zmefa}vc

7;,

an fatj Cva{{ ADG god Cvgot{ lo tatgi eg| vmnimkt{lcolnlkgot ra~mvt| {mimktl~lt| lo fatj G{lg god [[G/ Tjm omcgtl~m kamnnlklmot an railk| mig{tlklt|lo tatgi eg| vmnimkt tjgt lo [[G/

D}tkj

74, Gitja}cj

railk| god ra~mvt| {mimktl~lt| an Cva{{ ADG god Cvgot{ lo tatgi eg| vmnimkt tja{m anfatj G{lg god [[G/

[rgol{j

7=,

gld lo tatgi lodlkgtm{ {lcolnlkgot ra~mvt| {mimktl~lt| an Cva{{ ADG g{ smiig{ Cvgot{) tjm m{tlegtmd kamnnlklmot lo mgkj vmclao l{ oat {lcolnlkgot *Tjl{ eg| emgo tjgt[rgol{j {mimktl~lt| kgrt}vm{ tjm dlnnmvmokm{ fmtsmmo vmclao{eavm gld ta raavmv [[G tjgo tavlkjmv G{lg/,

[smdl{j

7>,

ra~mvt| {mimktl~lt| an Cva{{ ADG god Cvgot{ lo tatgi eg| vmnimkt tja{m an fatj G{lggod [[G/

[sl{{

73,

lo{lcolnlkgot kamnnlklmot{ an railk| {mimktl~lt| nav Cva{{ ADG god Cvgot{ lo tatgi eg|vmnimkt tja{m an G{lg/ Fatj railk| god ra~mvt| mig{tlkltlm{ an Cva{{ ADG god Cvgot{ ta [[G gvm{lcolnlkgoti| omcgtl~m/

Fvltl{j

7:,

{lcolnlkgot kamnnlklmot{ ao railk| {mimktl~lt| lo tatgi eg| vmnimkt tja{m lo [[G) sjmvmg{lt{ {lcolnlkgot kamnnlklmot{ an ra~mvt| {mimktl~lt| lo tatgi eg| vmnimkt tja{m lo G{lg nav fatj Cva{{ADG god Cvgot{/ Vmcgvdim{{ an tjm vmclao{) Fvltl{j ADG iago{ gvm kao{l{tmoti| rva~ldmd tatja{m ka}otvlm{ sltj fmttmv railk| mo~lvaoemot *omcgtl~m kamnnlklmot{ ao railk| ~gvlgfim, god sltjjlcjmv lokaem im~mi *ra{ltl~m kamnnlklmot{ ao ra~mvt| XlokaemU ~gvlgfim,/

Gemvlkgo

{lcolnlkgot kamnnlklmot{ an railk| god ra~mvt| {mimktl~lt| an Cva{{ ADG god Cvgot{lo tatgi eg| vmnimkt tja{m lo fatj G{lg god [[G) gitja}cj tjm ~gi}m{ an tjm kamnnlklmot{ gvmdlnnmvmot fmtsmmo vmclao{ *eavm railk| mig{tlk lo G{lg tjgo [[G,/

*4, [tv}kt}vgi Dlnnmvmokm{ lo Gld Giiakgtlao ta G{lg god [[G

Tgfim{ G=) G>) god G3 rvm{mot tjm vm{}it{ an Kjas tm{t{ ta ldmotln| tjm {tv}kt}vgi ~gvlgtlao f|vmclao lo giiakgtloc Cva{{ ADG) ADG cvgot{) god ADG iago{/ Tjm Kjas tm{t *Tgfim G=, {tlii{jas{ {tv}kt}vgi dlnnmvmokm{ lo cva{{ ADG giiakgtlao{ ta G{lg kaergvmd sltj ta [[G tghlocgkka}ot an tjm mztmodmd {gerim }r ta 622:/

Tjm {tv}kt}vgi dlnnmvmokm{ lo ADG cvgot giiakgtlao{ g{ smii g{ giiakgtlao{ an ADG iago{ geaocG{lg god [[G gvm gi{a lo~m{tlcgtmd f| }{loc tjm Kjas tm{t/ G{ Tgfim G> lodlkgtm{) tjm rgttmvo

an vm`mktlao{ *lodlkgtmd f| A, an tjm o}ii j|ratjm{l{ *J20 tjm kamnnlklmot{ an gii mzrigogtav|~gvlgfim{ lo tjm m{tlegtmd mw}gtlao{ nav gld giiakgtlao ta G{lg gvm tjm {gem g{ tja{m ta [[G, locva{{ ADG gvm w}ltm {leligv ta tja{m an ADG cvgot{) f}t oat ta tja{m an ADG iago{/ Tjl{ eg|emgo tjgt tjm {tv}kt}vgi dlnnmvmokm{ lo cva{{ ADG vmnimkt tjm dlnnmvmokm{ an gld dmil~mv| tjva}cjADG cvgot{/

Tjm Kjas tm{t an ADG iago{ *Tgfim G3, lodlkgtm{ tjgt tjm giiakgtlao rgttmvo{ an ADG iago{ f|tjm ][) Cmvego|) god ]H gvm lodlnnmvmot fmtsmmo vmklrlmot ka}otvlm{ lo G{lg god [[G/ Nvgokm}{md ta dl{tloc}l{j tjm iago dmil~mv| rgttmvo{ fmtsmmo G{lg god [[G }otli eld%7


55/70


=6

atjmv jgod) @grgo jg{ fmmo vmclaogii| dlnnmvmotlgtloc ADG iago dmil~mv| rgttmvo{ geaoc G{lggod [[G {lokm 77 2/6=2 2/>>6 *2/2=4, 6 >

Oatm 0 O}ii j|ratjm{l{ *J2,0 Tjm kamnnlklmot{ an gii mzrigogtav| ~gvlgfim{ ta m{tlegtm gld giiakgtlao{ an mgkj daoav ta G{lgoka}otvlm{ gvm tjm {gem g{ tja{m nav tjm ka}otvlm{ lo [[G/ l{ g{{lcomd ln J2 l{ vm`mktmd gt g 72- {lcolnlkgokm im~mi)atjmvsl{m z l{ g{{lcomd/ Tjm r ~gi}m an tjm Kjas tm{t lo mgkj vmcvm{{lao l{ rvm{motmd lo rgvmotjm{m{/

[a}vkm 0 AMKD *6272,) Savid Dm~miaremot Lodlkgtav{8 god G}tjav{ kgik}igtlao{/

Tgfim G>0 [tv}kt}vgi Dlnnmvmokm{ lo Gld Giiakgtlao{ ta G{lg god [[G *Kjas tm{t, *ADG Cvgot,Daoav{ 7]H 2/Dmoegvh 2/=42 2/2>: 2/2



Tgfim G30 [tv}kt}vgi Dlnnmvmokm{ lo Gld Giiakgtlao{ ta G{lg god [[G *Kjas tm{t, *ADG Iago,Daoav{ 73 2/34< 2/62: 2 >




56/70


=;

*=, Kjvaoaiaclkgi Kjgocm{ lo {mimktl~lt| an eg`av daoav{ god Dmoegvh

Tgfim{ G: ta G7; rvm{mot tjm kjvaoaiaclkgi kjgocm{ an mig{tlklt| lo nl~m eg`av daoav ka}otvlm{god Dmoegvh }r ta 622:/ Fmkg}{m tjm vm~l{lao{ an nlc}vm{ god tjm mztmo{lao an tjm m{tlegtlaormvlad) tjm kamnnlklmot{ gvm dlnnmvmot nvae tja{m rvm{motmd lo Tgfim = an tjl{ rgrmv/

Jasm~mv) w}ltm igvcm kjvaoaiaclkgi kjgocm{ lo ra~mvt| god railk| mig{tlklt| m~mo sltjlo daoavka}otvlm{ kgo fm af{mv~md) g{ rvm{motmd lo Tgfim =/]oltmd [tgtm{0 Ra~mvt| mig{tlk gld lo tatgi lo tjm 7


57/70


=4

Tgfim G:0 Kjvaoaiaclkgi Kjgocm{ lo Railk| god Ra~mvt| Mig{tlklt| an Gld Giiakgtlao{*][G,

Rmvlad Cva{{ ADG ADG Cvgot{ ADG Iago{

Io*NJ Lodmz,5

railk|mig{tlklt|

Io*COL rmvkgrltg, 5ra~mvt|

mig{tlklt|

[mimktl~lt| 5{}e an tjmmig{tlklt|

x{lcolnlkgotaoi|u

Io*NJLodmz, 5

railk|mig{tlklt|

o*COL rmvkgrltg, 5ra~mvt|

mig{tlklt|

[mimktl~lt|5{}e an tjm

mig{tlklt|x{lcolnlkgot

aoi|u

Io*NJ Lodmz,5 railk|mig{tlklt|


mig{tlklt|



aoi|u74u

%2/6*%7/72,

%2/467*%2/37 %4/2:7 %2/374 %4/32 %2/;=2 %;/67[[G 2/26: %7/76= %7/2 2/2>7 %2/62U X%6/;>:U %2/>6= %2/7;= [[G %2/74: %2/2;; %2/7:7 %2/67< %2/2>4 %2/6:; 7/:73 2/>=4 6/437

7u

%7/>;*%;/2;,

%6/=3=x%6/=3=u

7/=>2*6/2;,

2/=>:*7/=2,

6/76:x7/=>2u

G{lg %6/44= %2/336 %;/673 %6/=37 %2/347 %;/;76 X2/ %2/6>> %7/276 %2/:=; %2/62:*%6/:4,

%7/>==77*%6/:3,

%7/>==,

%2/77,

2/767x2u

G{lg %7/;76 %2/>=; %7/= %7/6:< %2/>=3 %7/7:U X2/7< %2/6:; %2/>=6 %2/;:7 %2/6:6 %2/>>; X7/2:3U X%2/6>;U X2/:64U

622>2:Tatgi

%7/472*%;/6,

%7/:>;x%7/:>;u

%7/42=*%;/6:,

%2/4=;*%6/6=,

%7/:=:x%7/:=:u

%2/=:;*%7/2:*%2/>3,

%2/3=7x2u

G{lg %7/:6= %2/=66 %6/;43 %7/:73 %2/=6; %6/;4 X%7/2=:4 %2/764 %2/:2: %2/>:7 %2/766 %2/:2; X%2/642U X%2/646U X%2/4:6Oatm{0 t ~gi}m lo rgvmotjm{m{ }odmv ra~mvt| mig{tlklt| god railk| mig{tlklt|/ [lcolnlkgokm im~mi{ gvm lodlkgtmd sltj gt7-) gt =- god gt 72-/ Tjm o}efmv lo rgvmotjm{l{ x u }odmv {mimktl~lt| l{ tjm {}e an {lcolnlkgot mig{tlklt|/ Tjm ~gi}m{lo rgvmotjm{l{ X U lodlkgtm{ tjm kamnnlklmot{ an tjm m{tlegtmd mw}gtlao{ lo sjlkj tjm o}ii j|ratjm{l{ tjm kamnnlklmot{ an gii mzrigogtav| ~gvlgfim{ gvm pmva l{ oat vm`mktmd/



58/70


==

Tgfim G=u

%7/>=[[G %7/72>

7722:*%6/=;,

2/7;:*2/63,

%6/4;x%6/=>:u

G{lg %7/>64 2/=64 %7/7 %7/23 %2/7 %6/>4[[G %7/464 %7/234 %6/444 %2/6;> %7/::

7,

2/642*2/=2,

%6/ %7/42; %7/4;3 2/676 %7/66= %4/=;3 2/432 %4/2>3[[G %2/2 %2/76< %2/:=

7*%6/4:,

2/=:6*6/3:,

%2/434x%2/434u

%2/6;x%2/;=*%7/:*;/6;,

%2/6>3x%2/6>3u

G{lg %2/36< 2/>:7 %2/24: %2/=7: 2/;=2 %2/7>: %2/:72 2/:4> 2/2;>[[G %7/;3< 2/26; %7/;=> %7/7>; %2/2=6 %7/67= %;/243 2/476 %6/>;=

62272=Tatgi

%2/:,

2/>>>*;/74,

%2/66:*;/:=,

7/4>6x7/=>:u

G{lg %2/=2; 2/4;: %2/2>= %2/4>; %2/26 %2/==< 7/4:= 2/[[G %7/;3

622>2:Tatgi

%2/364*%6/;4,

2/7:6*7/6=,

%2/=46x%2/346u

%2/=42*%7/3;7,

%2/7::*%7/6 2/23; %2/7 X%2/34;U X2/747U X%2/>Oatm{0 t ~gi}m lo rgvmotjm{m{ }odmv ra~mvt| mig{tlklt| god railk| mig{tlklt|/ [lcolnlkgokm im~mi{ gvm lodlkgtmd sltj gt7-) gt =- god gt 72-/ Tjm o}efmv lo rgvmotjm{l{ x u }odmv {mimktl~lt| l{ tjm {}e an {lcolnlkgot mig{tlklt|/ Tjm ~gi}m{lo rgvmotjm{l{ X U lodlkgtm{ tjm kamnnlklmot{ an tjm m{tlegtmd mw}gtlao{ lo sjlkj tjm o}ii j|ratjm{l{ tjm kamnnlklmot{ an gii mzrigogtav| ~gvlgfim{ gvm pmva l{ oat vm`mktmd/



59/70


=>

Tgfim G720 Kjvaoaiaclkgi Kjgocm{ lo Railk| god Ra~mvt| Mig{tlklt| an Gld Giiakgtlao{*Cmvego|,

Rmvlad Cva{{ ADG ADG Cvgot ADG Iago{

Io*NJ Lodmz,5

railk|mig{tlklt|


mig{tlklt|


*{lcolnlkgotaoi|

Io*NJLodmz, 5

railk|mig{tlklt|


mig{tlklt|


mig{tlklt|*{lcolnlkgot

aoi|

Io*NJLodmz, 5

railk|mig{tlklt|


mig{tlklt|



aoi| 7:; X%7/42:u

2/76;*2/66,

%2/:7x%2/:,

2/437*2/= %;/=6; 2/366 %6/:27[[G %2/:3> %7/27> %7/:2*2/72,

2/;6*2,

G{lg %2/6:: 2/6;< %2/24< %2/:6 %2/>;= %2/:=6 2/==4 %2/6;< %2/;77 %2/;2 %2/447 %7/237 2/7=6 2/>72 2/3>6

7;,

%2/667*%6/66,

%2/234x%2/;>7u

%7/262*%7/;;,

7/724*6/ 2/624 2/:2: %2/4;7 2/;33 %7/6=7 2/=4: %2/32;[[G %2/=34 %2/76: %2/326 %2/>=; %2/667 %2/:34 %7/;:3 7/2>6 %2/;6=

62272=Tatgi

%2/63:*%2/::,

%2/447*%6/:=,

%2/37*%2/x7/26 %2/3== %2/4


60/70


=3

Tgfim G770 Kjvaoaiaclkgi Kjgocm{ lo Railk| god Ra~mvt| Mig{tlklt| an Gld Giiakgtlao{*Nvgokm,


Io*NJ Lodmz,5

railk|mig{tlklt|


mig{tlklt|


x{lcolnlkgotaoi|u

Io*NJLodmz, 5

railk|mig{tlklt|


mig{tlklt|



aoi|u



mig{tlklt|



aoi| 7=4*7/*%2/=3,

7/47:x7/>=4u

6/243 %2/3:= %7/U X7/:4>U X%2/7:=3U X7/;72U X%2/;=;U X

7=,

%2/674*%2/=3,

7/26;x2u

7/=73*6/7>,

%2/;3=*%7/2,

2/;23*2/=:,

7/46:x2u

G{lg %2/;63 2/46= 2/2 2/6;4 2/;< %7/::= 7/7>6 %2/36;[[G X2/U X7/2;:U X%2/=:23[[G X%2/7[[G X%2/23;U X2/72=U X2/2;6U X2/266U X%2/24;U X%2/267U X%2/22>U X7/6== U

62272=Tatgi

%2/742*%2/6>,

%2/;;:*%7/63,

2/2,

%2/6;6*%2/,

2/7=>x2u

%7/666*%7/;3,

%2/2;7*%2/23,

%7/6=;x2u

G{lg 7/23: 2/23: 7/7=> 7/242 2/27: 7/2=: %2/>7> %2/22: %2/>64

[[G %2/;74 2/667 %2/72; 2/22: 2/7:< 2/7


61/70


=:

Tgfim G760 Kjvaoaiaclkgi Kjgocm{ lo Railk| god Ra~mvt| Mig{tlklt| an Gld Giiakgtlao{*]H,


Io*NJ Lodmz,5

railk|mig{tlklt|


mig{tlklt|


x{lcolnlkgotaoi|u

Io*NJLodmz, 5

railk|mig{tlklt|


mig{tlklt|



aoi|u



mig{tlklt|



aoi| 7>*%7/>4,

%;/>77x%;/>77u

%6/,

%;/:76x%;/:76u

X%2/44:U*%2/4:,

X2/Ux2/ X2/=>>3 %2/=:4 %4/6=7 %;/=== %2/3;> %4/6

7=4*%;/=4,

%2/4=4*%7/66,

%;/72:x%6/>=4u

%6/;;>*%;/2=,

%2/4u

%7/:46*%6/4:,

2/>6 %;/24= %6/3:6 2/6>6 %6/=6 %;/662 7/46< %7/3< %2/64> %7/;7= %2/2U X2/>4= %2/==< 2/74: %2/>:; %2/=;= %7/:>4 2/:2> %7/2=:[[G %2/7>7 2/;76 2/7=7 %2/7: 2/23: %7/27

62272=Tatgi

2/224*2/27,

%2/=36*%6/;47*%6/>=,

%2/=>47u

%2/7=;*%6/36,

2/=36*6/27,

2/47 %7/=6> 2/> %2/:;

622>2:Tatgi

%2/3*%7/3:,

%2/>:;*%;/67,

%7/434 %7/622 %7/:>4 %7/767 7/24: %2/23;

[[G %2/= 2/;4: %2/;73Oatm{0 t ~gi}m lo rgvmotjm{m{ }odmv ra~mvt| mig{tlklt| god railk| mig{tlklt|/ [lcolnlkgokm im~mi{ gvm lodlkgtmd sltj gt7-) gt =- god gt 72-/ Tjm o}efmv lo rgvmotjm{l{ x u }odmv {mimktl~lt| l{ tjm {}e an {lcolnlkgot mig{tlklt|/ Tjm ~gi}m{lo rgvmotjm{l{ X U lodlkgtm{ tjm kamnnlklmot{ an tjm m{tlegtmd mw}gtlao{ lo sjlkj tjm o}ii j|ratjm{l{ tjm kamnnlklmot{ an gii mzrigogtav| ~gvlgfim{ gvm pmva l{ oat vm`mktmd/

[a}vkm 0 AMKD *6272,) Savid Dm~miaremot Lodlkgtav{8 god G}tjav{ kgik}igtlao{/


62/70


=44

7; %6/2>:[[G %7/7>: %2/43= %7/>4; %7/6=> %2/=66 %7/33:

7>:*%7/2>,

%2/4;6*%7/42,

%7/7x2u

%2/3;2*%7/77,

%2/44>*%7/;:,

%7/73>x2u

G{lg 2/7=2 %2/6=; %2/72; 2/2:6 %2/;76 %2/6;[[G %7/=4: %2/6:; %7/:;7 %7/>6= %2/6:2 %7/x2u

%2/=23*%2/32:Tatgi

%2/32;*%7/67,

%2/>22*%6/62,

%7/;2;x%2/>22u

%2/:;2*%7/;3,

%2/>;6*%6/6;,

%7/4>6x%2/>;6u

G{lg 2/673 %2/=76 %2/6


63/70


>2

GRRMODLZ LL0 LODMZ AN GLD NVGCEMOTGTLAO F\ KA]OTV\

Tgfim G740 LGN an G{lgo ka}otvlm{

Rmvlad! Ka}otv| 7 62222> 7/24 :;/2: 46/26 46/67[aiaeao L{igod{ 32/4= 43/7< 3:/>3 :7/:= 3> >2/=; :=/3< :3/;=^lmt Oge :;/6> :7/46 :7/4: :4/43 :>/6; :2/4> :;/;3 :=/27RVK 34/73 >/6: 36/;: >:/;7 36/26/3> ==/4: 3=/64 :4/;2Egv{jgii L{igod{ ;4/;2 ;2/;2 2/22 2/22 ;6/2 6:/:< 62/37 73/;7Rjlilrrlom{ >6/4; =;/6: 37/;6 >;/6/4 =6/ =3/;4[geag :6/66 :2/=7 :>/3= :4/== :7/37 33/6: 3> >2/;< =6/:7 ;2/37 ;6/> :;/6 34/6< :7/:= :7/>3 3= 3=/=6 3=/46Egig|{lg 4;/4= 66/62 =6/>; 43/4; 64/67 64 2/22 =//7: ;7/2> 2/22 2/22Rgig} ;;/64 4:/=3 =//>6 =2/2= 47/;3

H|vc|p Vmr}filk 3:/2/4< :;/>< :3//;7 :;/73 :=/=; :4/=7 >>/3; 3:/;= :;/33

T}vhemol{tgo >3/4< 37/:4 46/;> 3=/:> 3;//>: :/=6 ::/4;Fj}tgo :>/76 ::/6< :2/: :=/3< ::/3: ::/46 :=/27Lodlg :7/23 3:/33 32/=7 =>/;> =>/34 >2/:< >2/4: >2/63 >6/:6

G~mvgcm an Kmotvgi G{lgo 3;/7/;4 3>/>3 :2/6; 36 :4/42 :4/ :4/>3 :;/3> :4/;< :4/::

[a}vkm0 Hljgvg *622/


64/70


>7

Tgfim G7=0 LGN an [}f%[gjgvg Gnvlkgo Ka}otvlm{

Rmvlad!Ka}otvlm{ 7 62222> 77/> >6/= 34/< 3=/; 33/3Mw}gtavlgi C}lomg 3 >/= >3/: 3=/=Mvltvmg :3/: :>/; 2/2 2/2 :>/:


65/70


>6

[sgpligod :=/< :6/2 :>/= :


66/70


>;

GRRMODLZ LLL0 LERGKT AN GLD NVGCEMOTGTLAO GODRVAILNMVGTLAO AO CA^MVOEMOT MNNMKTL^MOM[[

7/ Merlvlkgi vm{}it{ an Hogkh god Vgjego *6223,

Hogkh god Vgjego *6223, vmcvm{{md tjm 6227 F}vmg}kvgtlk W}gilt| vgtloc{ *an LKVC, aomzrigogtav| ~gvlgfim{ loki}dloc tjm lodmz an daoav nvgcemotgtlao *LDN0 7


67/70


>4

Tgfim G7>0 Rgomi m{tlegtm{ an Ca~mvoemot Mnnmktl~mom{{

Dmrmodmot ~gvlgfim Ca~mvoemot Mnnmktl~mom{{ Lodmz an HHE X622:U

Mzrigogtav|^gvlgfim{

7 6 ; 4 = > 3 : ;>

*72/>>,

*7/>7,

7/2;:7/>;

7/2>:7/7/:6

2/2:76*6/= 2/3>; 2/3>6 2/>36 2/>32 2/3>: 2/3>3

Ka}otvlm{!Af{mv~gtlao{

3:!6 3:!6 3:!6:= 3:!6:= 3:!6:> >2!7:: >2!7:: 3:!6:= 3:!6:=

Oatm0 t ~gi}m lo rgvmotjm{m{/ [lcolnlkgokm im~mi{ gvm lodlkgtmd sltj nav 7) nav = ) god nav 72 /

[a}vkm 0 Hljgvg *622


68/70


>=

;/ Lergkt{ an Ca~mvoemot Mnnmktl~mom{{ ao CDR rmv kgrltg cvastj

Sa}id lerva~memot{ lo ca~mvoemot mnnmktl~mom{{ av lo tjm railk| god lo{tlt}tlaogi mo~lvaoemotvgl{m tjm cvastj vgtm an CDR rmv kgrltg1 Hljgvg *622


69/70


>>

GRRMODLZ L^0 KV[ KIG[[LNLKGTLAO NAV [JAVT LERGKTGLD *[LG, F\ KIMEMO[) VGDMIMT) GOD FJG^OGOL *6224,

Va}cji| {rmghloc) [javt%Lergkt%Gld *[LG, l{ gld tjgt l{ mzrmktmd ta jg~m g {javt%tmve lergktao cvastj sltjlo na}v |mgv{) god loki}dm{ *7, F}dcmt {}rravt god Rvacvge gld) g{ smii g{ *6,Lonvg{tv}kt}vm lo~m{temot god Rva`mkt gld dlvmkti| {}rravtloc tjm {mktav{ an tvgo{ravtgtlao *loki/vagd{,) tmimkaee}olkgtlao{) momvc|) fgohloc) gcvlk}it}vm) god lod}{tv|/

Tgfim G7:0 [javt%Lergkt Gld

KV[ r}vra{m kadm{ KV[ r}vra{m kadm{ 7=6;2 Ra{t%kaonilkt rmgkm%f}lidloc *]O, ;7; NL[JLOC7=642 Vmlotmcvgtlao god [GIS kaotvai ;7;62 Nl{jmv| dm~miaremot7=6=2 Igod elom kimgvgokm ;7;242 Ias%ka{t ja}{loc ;67 LOD][TV\672 TVGO[RAVT GOD [TAVGCM ;6762 Lod}{tvlgi dm~miaremot67262 Vagd tvgo{ravt ;67;2 [egii god emdl}e%{lpmd

motmvrvl{m{ *[EM, dm~miaremot672;2 Vgli tvgo{ravt ;6742 Kattgcm lod}{tvlm{ god jgodlkvgnt67242 Sgtmv tvgo{ravt ;67>7 Gcva%lod}{tvlm{672=2 Glv tvgo{ravt ;67>6 Navm{t lod}{tvlm{672>7 [tavgcm ;67>; Tmztlim{) imgtjmv god {}f{tlt}tm{66262 Tmimkaee}olkgtlao{ ;67>4 Kjmelkgi{6;2 MOMVC\ CMOMVGTLAO GOD []RRI\ ;67>= Nmvtlilpmv rigot{6;262 Rasmv cmomvgtlao!oao%vmomsgfim {a}vkm{ ;67>> Kmemot!ilem!rig{tmv6;2;2 Rasmv cmomvgtlao!vmomsgfim {a}vkm{ ;67>3 Momvc| ego}ngkt}vloc

6;242 Mimktvlkgi tvgo{el{{lao! dl{tvlf}tlao

;67>: Rjgvegkm}tlkgi rvad}ktlao

6;2=2 Cg{ dl{tvlf}tlao ;67>< Fg{lk emtgi lod}{tvlm{6;2>7 Ali%nlvmd rasmv rigot{ ;6732 Oao%nmvva}{ emtgi lod}{tvlm{6;2>6 Cg{%nlvmd rasmv rigot{ ;6737 Moclommvloc6;2>; Kagi%nlvmd rasmv rigot{ ;6736 Tvgo{ravt mw}lremot lod}{tv|6;2>4 O}kimgv rasmv rigot{ ;66 ELOMVGI VM[A]VKM[ GOD ELOLOC6;2>= J|dva%mimktvlk rasmv rigot{ ;6662 Elomvgi rva{rmktlao god mzriavgtlao6;2>> Cmatjmvegi momvc| ;66>7 Kagi6;2>3 [aigv momvc| ;66>6 Ali god cg{6;2>: Slod rasmv ;66>; Nmvva}{ emtgi{6;2>< Akmgo rasmv ;66>4 Oaonmvva}{ emtgi{6;232 Flaeg{{ ;66>= Rvmkla}{ emtgi{!egtmvlgi{642 FGOHLOC GOD NLOGOKLGI [MV^LKM[ ;66>> Lod}{tvlgi elomvgi{64262 Eaomtgv| lo{tlt}tlao{ ;66>3 Nmvtlilpmv elomvgi{642;2 Navegi {mktav nlogoklgi

lotmvemdlgvlm{;66>: Ann{javm elomvgi{

64242 Lonavegi!{mel%navegi nlogoklgilotmvemdlgvlm{

;;7 TVGDM RAILK\ GOD VMC]IGTLAO[GOD TVGDM%VMIGTMD GD@][TEMOT


70/70


2:7 Md}kgtlao!tvgloloc lo fgohloc godnlogoklgi {mv~lkm{

;;762 Tvgdm ngkliltgtlao

6=2 F][LOM[[ GOD ATJMV [MV^LKM[ =22 KAEEADLT\ GLD GOD CMOMVGIRVACVGEEM G[[L[TGOKM

6=272 F}{lom{{ {}rravt {mv~lkm{ god

lo{tlt}tlao{

=72 Cmomvgi f}dcmt {}rravt

6=262 Rvl~gtl{gtlao =7272 Cmomvgi f}dcmt {}rravt;77 GCVLK]IT]VM =;2 Atjmv kaeeadlt| g{{l{tgokm;7762 Gcvlk}it}vgi dm~miaremot =;2;2 Leravt {}rravt *kgrltgi caad{,;77;2 Gcvlk}it}vgi igod vm{a}vkm{ =;242 Leravt {}rravt *kaeeadltlm{,;7742 Gcvlk}it}vgi sgtmv vm{a}vkm{ GKTLAO VMIGTLOC TA DMFT;77=2 Gcvlk}it}vgi lor}t{ >2272 Gktlao vmigtloc ta dmft;77>7 Naad kvar rvad}ktlao >2262 Dmft navcl~mom{{;77>6 Lod}{tvlgi kvar{!mzravt kvar{ >22;2 Vmilmn an e}itligtmvgi dmft;77>; Il~m{takh >2242 Vm{kjmd}iloc god vmnlogokloc;77>4 Gcvgvlgo vmnave >22>7 Dmft nav dm~miaremot {sgr;77>> Gcvlk}it}vgi mztmo{lao >22>6 Atjmv dmft {sgr;7722>; Dmft f}|%fgkh;77

Effective Development Aid: Selectivity, Proliferation and Fragmentation, and the Growth Impact of...

Documents

Transcript of Effective Development Aid: Selectivity, Proliferation and Fragmentation, and the Growth Impact of...