Effective CO2-capture technology development in … Library/Events/2016/c02 cap review/1...AGL Loy...

Effective CO2-capture technology development in Australia

2016 NETL CO2 Capture Technology Project Review Meeting

CSIRO ENERGY

Paul Feron | Senior Principal Research Scientist

8 August 2016

stirred reaction flaskhotplate and stirring

control

syn-flue gas in

gas distribution valves

reactor cooling

disk

off gas to impingers

CCS drivers in Australia• Export of fossil fuel products

• Electricity generation dominated by fossil fuels

Effective CO2-capture technology development in Australia | Paul Feron2 |

Australia’s approach to CCS

Policy position Understanding the CCS resource Demonstrating domestic LET capacities &

capabilities Strategic partnering Building Australian skills and capacity Innovation



The Story So Far in Australia Key CCS Projects & Key Research Initiatives

Gorgon

LNG

Project

Callide

Oxyfuel Project

South West

Hub Project CarbonNet

Project

• ANLEC R&D - accelerating deployment of CCS• NGL - R&D facility established to advance carbon storage technologies• Geoscience Australia - precompetitive exploration• CCS RD&D - $25 million for research, development and demonstration activities

Projects

Research & Exploration

CO2CRC Otway Project

Slide provided by Commonwealth DoIIS

Australian coal fired power stationsBlack coal Brown coal

Average efficiency[% HHV]

35.6 25.7

CO2 emission [tonne/MWh]

0.9 1.3

SO2 concentration[g/m3]

0.5 – 1.7 0.2 – 0.7

NOx concentration[g/m3]

0.4 – 1.5 0.2 – 0.4

Particulate matter [mg/m3]

10 – 100 10 – 60

Flue gas temperature[oC]

120 180

Effective CO2-capture technology development in Australia | Paul Feron

Data derived from CCSD – technology assessment report 62

5 |

27%

16%

14%

10%

12%

13%

8%

FGD + SCR

Pre-treatment

Blower

Absorber

Heat exchangers

Stripper/Reboiler

Compressor

PCC Investment costs

Energy Efficient• Towards zero energy penalty

Affordable• Costs lower than other LET’s

Environmentally benign• Zero harm to the environment

PCC technology requirements


CSIRO’s PCC program

PCC

Pilot plants Research & Development

Delta Electricity

AGL Loy Yang Power (2)

China Huaneng(Beijing)

Stanwell

Amines Novel processes &equipment

Adsorbents

Environmental impacts

Learning by doing Learning by searching

Membranes


China Huaneng(Changchun)

7 |

Desk-top studies

Establishment of capability and infrastructure

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

SolidSorbents

Tarong

DeltaElectricityMunmorah

Loy Yang

Piloting PCC Technologies in Australia

2015 2016 2017 2018

-Preparing for deployment- Next-generation PCC

CCS demo’s

DeltaElectricityVales Point

SolarThermal

AGLLoy Yang


2019 2020

SPIVales Point

PICA ProjectProject aims:

40% lower cost of CO2 capture compared to the MEA base case

Advanced packing materials, liquid absorbent and process

to provide information on long-term performance and reliability of advanced liquid absorbents and equipment that have been developed in-house by both IHI Corporation and CSIRO independently in preparation of demonstration phase

Supporting large-scale CCS as an affordable, secure and environmentally benign option for power generation


PCCIHICSIROAGL

http://www.csiro.au/en/News/News-releases/2016/PICA-powers-up-to-improve-CO2-capture

Approaches for reduction capture energy Development of amine formulations/new amines

Process development Novel process design

Innovative equipment

Renewable energy integration Solar thermal

Light swing absorbents

Integration with Direct Carbon Injection Engine

Absorption enthalpy conversion


Development of amine formulations/new aminesFormulations base on primary amines Selection of a first amine that reacts rapidly with CO2

through the formation of a carbamate

Selection of a second amine: preferably with little or no carbamate formation and being a stronger

base than the first amine such that the enthalpy of protonation is large to maximise the

temperature dependent pH change to aid thermal desorption of CO2

Optimisation of the formulation composition to achieve acceptable physical properties

Assessment of CO2 absorption rates and reboiler duties

Designer amines and functionalised amines Focus on diamines with dual functionality Higher molecular efficiency


0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4

Ma

ss T

ran

sfe

r re

lati

ve t

o 4

.9 M

ME

A

Minimum Reboiler Energy Requirement relative to 4.9 M MEA

αrich at 5 kPa CO2 and 313 K, Reboiler temperature max. 150 oC

4.9 M MEA 3 M AMP

3.8 M DEA 3 M MDEA

1 M PZ Blend 1

Blend 2 Blend 3

Blend 4 Blend 5

Blend 6

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

Specific reboiler duty [MJ/kg CO2]

Liquid/Gas ratio [kg/kg]

MEA Blend 5 MEA modelling

Solar thermal energy for absorbent regeneration


Avoiding interface with existing steam cycle More effective in terms of CO2-emission

reduction Introduction of flexibility into the capture

process

Pilot plant at Vales Point power station Integrated with existing PCC pilot plant 65 kWth solar array

http://arena.gov.au/files/2015/08/3-A006-Final-Report-and-Lessons-Learnt.pdf

Approaches for reduction capital costs Development of amine formulations/new amines

Aqueous ammonia process development

Packingless contactors: the rotating liquid sheet contactor

Integrated removal of SO2 and CO2: CS-CAP

Selective flue gas recirculation

Solid sorbents

Membrane assisted liquid absorbent regeneration


Rotating Liquid Sheet contactor

Advantages Higher gas velocities possible.

Liquid entrainment significantly reduced

Suitable for viscous solvents

Challenges Scale-up to commercial scale

Liquid residence time low


Basic principles Surface area of stabilized liquid sheet greater than that of resulting droplets.

Rotating liquid surface proven experimentally to pump gas .

Centrifugal + liquid pumping force creates interfacial area.

14 |

A novel type of gas-liquid contactor for post-combustion capture cost reduction, Leigh T. Wardhaugh, Andrew Allport, Christopher B. Sornordal, Paul Feron, Greenhouse Gas Sci Technol. 5:198–209 (2015)

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Gas

Vel

ocit

y [m

/s]

Tube Rotation Rate [rpm]

Sa2H @ 15 lpm

Sa2H @ 20 lpm

Sa2H @ 22.5 lpm

Sa2H @ 25 lpm


Integrated Single Stream SO2 and CO2 Capture (CS-CAP)

15 |

An SO2 tolerant process for CO2 capture, Yaser Beyad, Graeme Puxty, Steven Wei, Nan Yang, Dongyao Xu, Marcel Maeder, Robert Burns, Erik Meuleman, Paul Feron, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 31 (2014) 205–213

Aqueous ammonia for PCC in Australia


Indestructable liquid absorbent Chemical well-known to electricity industry Suited for “contaminated” feed gases Fertiliser by-product Product CO2 at elevated pressure Technical feasibility demonstrated in pilot plant but no cost

advantage Addressing challenges:

Mass transfer promotion, temperature increase Vapour suppressors Further integration of pretreatment and water wash Process design

Pump

Chiller

Heater

Pretreatment

Washing

HeatExchanger

Pump

CO2 absorber

Vent gas

SO2 Recovery

SO2 fertilizer

Water makeup

CO2 rich

CO2 lean

Flue gas

NH3 rich

NH3 lean

Coal-fired Power Station SO2 Removal and NH3 Recycling Process

Typical CO2 Capture Process

Li et al., Environ. Sci. Technol. 2015, 49, 10243−10252


Solid sorbent CO2 Capture Unit at Vales Point power station Objective

to evaluate the stability of honeycomb CF composite monolithic adsorbents using the real flue gas at Vales Point Power Station

to understand the effect of real flue gas characteristics on the operation and performance of the CO2 capture unit

Flue gas IN

Caustic Scrubber System for Flue gas

Pre-treatment

Adsorption/ Gas capture

CO2 FlushingThermal & Vacuum Swing Regeneration

CO2 Recovered from Fluegas

Recovered CO2 for FlushingFlue gas without Pre-treatment

Results Excellent stability to real flue gas over 200 experiments CO2 adsorption efficiency consistently over 98% CO2 desorption efficiency between 90-95% Near complete removal of SO2 and NOx

Could be pretreatment unit for amine based PCC

17 |

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

00:00 03:57 07:53 11:50 15:47 19:44 23:40

Gas C

once

trat

ion,

ppm

CO2

Conc

entr

atio

n, %

Time, m:s

CO2 vol% SO2 ppmvNO ppmv NO2 ppmv

SO2

NO2NO

CO2

Thiruvenkatachari et al. IJGGC 42 (2015) 415–423


1. Formation of potentially harmful components

Absorbent degradation in absorber

Absorbent degradation in desorber

2. Emission analysis

Estimation of concentrations using process models

Actual measurements in pilot plants

3. Dispersion

Environmental chamber to investigate atmospheric degradation

Updating dispersion models with atmospheric chemistry

Emission issues addressed via integrated risk-based approach


Managing environmental impacts of amine based PCC processes

• Reclaimer

• Filtration

• Purification

• Pre-treatment

• Post-treatment

• CO2 purification

• Absorbent type

• Process conditions

• Amine-CO2

reactions

• Absorbent type

• Process conditions

• Flue gas compounds

Absorber Desorber

Liquid absorbent

quality

Gas quality

Qualification of new liquid absorbents towards deployment

Formulations and designer amines

Optimisation of process design

Development of SO2/CO2 process concepts

Focus on process & equipment innovation

Solar thermal integration demonstration

Continued efforts in next-gen & break-through technologies Adsorbents, membranes

Advanced liquid absorbent systems

Outlook for PCC in Australia – Next steps

20 | Effective CO2-capture technology development in Australia | Paul Feron

Acknowledgements

Zhejiang University


http://www.rite.or.jp/top_e.html

http://www.rite.or.jp/top_e.html

http://www.stanwell.com/Default.aspx

http://www.stanwell.com/Default.aspx

http://www.monash.edu.au/

http://www.monash.edu.au/

Energy

Paul Feron, Senior Principal Research Scientist

t +61 2 4960 6022

e [email protected] www.csiro.au/en/Research/EF/Areas/Coal-

mining/Carbon-capture-and-storage

CSIRO TV http://tv.csiro.au/#v=xbz189hynwj6

ENERGY

Thank you

Reference materials

• Assessing Post-Combustion Capture for Coal-fired Power Stations in Asia-Pacific Partnership Countries - CSIRO Report EP116217, April 2012 (DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.4547.6966)

• Research Opportunities in Post Combustion CO2 Capture, Paul H.M. Feron et al., October 2009, available from www.anlecrd.com

• Assessing Atmospheric Emissions from Amine-based CO2 Post-combustion Capture Processes and their Impacts on the Environment – A Case Study: Volume 1 - Measurement of emissions from a monoethanolamine-based post-combustion CO2 capture pilot plant, Merched Azzi et al., report to Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute, May 2014

• Assessing Atmospheric Emissions from Amine-based CO2 Post-combustion Capture Processes and their Impacts on the Environment – A Case Study: Volume 2 - Atmospheric chemistry of monoethanolamine and 3D air quality modelling of emissions from the Loy Yang post-combustion capture plant, Merched Azzi et al, report to Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute, May 2014

• Gaseous emissions from amine based post-combustion processes and their deep removal, Merched Azzi et al., IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEA GHG), Report 2012/07, May 2012

• Amine based post-combustion capture technology advancement for application in Chinese coal fired power stations, Paul Feron et al., Energy Procedia 63 ( 2014 ) 1399 – 1406

• Designer Amines for Post Combustion CO2 Capture Processes, Will Conway et al., Energy Procedia 63 ( 2014 ) 1827 – 1834


http://www.anlecrd.com/

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