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Effect of Organic Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis )

Monalisa ID# 11209021 Program: BSAg Bachelor of Science in Agriculture (BSAg) IUBAT

SEQUENCEINTRODUCTIONOBJECTIVESORGANIZATIONAL BACKGROUNDMATERIALS AND METHODSCULTIVATION PRACTICES OF CAULIFLOWER RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONRECOMMENDATIONCONCLUSION

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Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) is an autonomous organization under the Ministry of agriculture

Established : 1976

Location: Joydebpur, Gazipur 35 km north of Dhaka.

Land Area: 176 hectares of land of which 126 hectares are experiment fields.

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Regional station: Six regional research stations (Ishurdi, Jamalpur, Jessore, Hathazari, Rahmatpur, and Akbarpur) of Bangladesh

It also has 28 research stations including three hill research stations (Khagrachari, Ramgarh and Raikhali).

Besides these, BARI has seven crop research centers, four of which are at the central research station at Joydebpur.

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ORGANIZATIONAL OBJECTIVES

BARI is the largest multicrop research institute conducting research on a wide Varity of crops, such as cereals, Tubers, pulses , oilseeds, vegetables, fruits, spices, flowers , etc.

Besides variety development, this institute carries out research on such areas as soil and crop management, disease and insect management, water management and irrigation, development of farm machinery.

Improving of cropping and farming system management, post –harvest handling and processing ,and socio- economic studies related to production ,processing , marketing and consumption .

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OBJECTIVES

To study the eco-friendly organic farming in cauliflower cultivation .

To assess organic cauliflower as safe and healthy vegetable for human health .

To look for the constraints and possibilities of eco-friendly organic farming in Bangladesh.

To assess the needs of farmers in relation to using organic farming and to find out the way of supporting farmers.  8

INTRODUCTIONOrganic Agriculture is an agricultural classification that promotes environmentally, socially and economically sound production of food, fiber, timber etc.

Cauliflower is the popular winter vegetable in our country.

Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) belongs to Cruciferae family.

It grows well at average temperature 250 - 280C. 9

INTRODUCTION CONTD…

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Cauliflower is rich in minerals like K, Na, Ca, Fe, P, Mg and vitamin A and C.

Organic agriculture is the practical solution to ensure safe food.

It avoids the use of chemo-synthetic fertilizers, pesticides and pharmaceuticals.

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Cont.

Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Brassicales Family: Brassicaceae Genus: Brassica Species: B. oleraceaScientific Name:Brassica oleraceaCultivar Group: Botrytis Group

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MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiment was conducted at

experimental field of the Olrieculture Division,Bangladesh.Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Seed Variety Collection and Selection: Seeds were collected from Bangladesh

Agriculture Research Institute (BARI) released variety BARI Fulcopi-1, which performed best with a yield of respectively.

BARI Fulcopi-1 variety was used for the experiment.

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Soil was having fine texture with 3:1 of loam to sandy loam with a of PH value 6.5-7 which is suitable for Cauliflower production.

Site selection and soil Conditions Experiment was set up on the

medium high land in an open and sunny area of BARI.

Cont.…..

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Manure and fertilizer I was applied this type of fertilizer and its amount which is recommendation made by BARI (2000) for commercial cultivation of cauliflower is given below

Climate requirement :Cauliflower generally requires a cool and moist growing season.

Cont.…..

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Cont.…..Fertilizers Quantity (ha)

PMC 300 Kg

VC 200 Kg

KWC 250 Kg

Cow dung 15 tons

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Cont..Experiments were laid out in randomized block design with three treatments & three replications.

The treatments are consisted of• T1= Poultry Manure Compost+ 100g BAOFER

(PMC), • T2= Kitchen Waste Compost + 100g BAOFER

(KWC), • T3= Vermi- Compost(Vc)

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Design and layout : Experimental plot was

divided into 24 unit plots. Each of (6x1m) size, with 60

cm spacing between the replications and 50cm between the unit plots.

24 pits were made in each plot in two rows maintaining recommended spacing (60x50cm).

Cont.…..

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Sowing of Seeds on bed

Seedlings were raised in four (3x1m) sized seedbeds.

Adequate seeds were sown in each seed bed on15th September.

Organic Manure was applied as per recommendation.

Cont.…..

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Final Land preparationThe land was irately ploughed at 6 times.Recommended manures were added and

mixed into the soil during final land preparation.

Harrow was done after final plough.Clods were broken and weeds were

removed from the field to obtain desirable till.

Irrigation channels were made round the plots for draining excess water after heavy rainfall.

Cont.…..

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After final preparation of the land,10-15cm height and (6x1m) size bed were papered.

In between two beds 40cm wide canals which will help in irrigating the crop as well as in drainage.

Cont.…..

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Seedling transfer and Spacing Transplanting age of the seedlings was 25

days having 5-6 true leaves. Irrigate the seedbed lightly to minimize

root damage before uprooting the seedling from seedbed.

40 cm distance was maintained between two rows.

Plant to plant distance 45 cm. Transplanting was done at late afternoon

is allow the seedlings to recover during night.

Cont.…..

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Irrigation Cauliflower requires sufficient soil

moisture to maximize yield & quality. Sprinkler irrigations are usually applied at

weekly intervals during the experiment

Drainage Cauliflower is a water-logging

sensitive vegetable. Experimental plots were

established in medium high land which well-drained soil and there were 50 cm of drain surround the plots.

Cont.…..

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Intercultural operation Shallow frequent weeding was done in the cauliflower field

by Khurpi or hoe to kill young weeds and provide soil mulch. Weeding started as soon as plants are set in the field. Four to five weeks after transplanting, the plants are slightly

earthen up in the field.

Gap Filling Plots were regularly observed to find

out any diseases affected, damage and dead seedlings for replacement.

Some weak plants were removed from plots and filled the gap by replacement of another healthy plant from seedbed.

Cont.…..

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Weed and its management: I was very much careful to control weed in

my field. Weeding was done by physical control in

several times for good weed control and crop safety.

Mulching: Mulching is the process of save soil

moisture from evapotranspiration. Experiment has done in winter season

when there was no lack of moisture in the soil.In this experiment mulching was not required.

Cont.…..

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Pest-Disease Management• As an organic grower I manage weeds,

pest,disease through cultural practices, mechanical &biological controls i.e. IPM

• I was lucky enough there was less attack of disease as using resistant Varity.

• Some bird damage the growing cauliflower leaves that control by mechanical method.

Cont.…..

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Harvesting Cauliflower was harvested when the curd

attained marketable size, bright color and compactness.

Harvesting was done when curds were mature.

Cont.…..

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YIELD Yield varies depending upon the

season of harvest.

It is found that, when the cauliflower curds mature at a temperature between 20 - 25˚C

The highest yield was obtained from T1=PMC (by BARI fulcopi-1) which was more productive then other

Cont.…..

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Data Collection Seedling height (cm)

Plant height (cm)

Root length(cm)

Total number of leaves /plant

Width of leaves (cm)

Curd diameter(cm)

Curd wt/plant(Kg)

height of plant measured by centimeter scale.

Cont.…..

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Result Discussion

Soil characteristics :

Table: Effect of organic farming practices on soil physical properties.

Treatments Bulk density(Mg m-3)

WHC%

Temperature0C

Porosity%

T1=PMC 1.32 40.70 27.40 48.30

T2=KWC 1.34 38.85 27.80 45.30

T3=Vc 1.33 39.70 27.80 44.97

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• In all the cases, organic compost application (T1,T2, T3) has been found superior.

• As organic residue decompose organic acids, sugars, mucilaginous substances, and other viscous microbial by products are evolved.

• Which, along with associated fungi and bacteria, encourage the crumb formation and net effect of these activities will decrease bulk density and increase porosity

• Higher organic matter addition could increase organic carbon content of the soil which resulted in an increased water holding capacity of the soil

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Seedling Characters

Table-Mean values of the seedling characters of cauliflower(at 25 days after sowing).

Variety Seedling

height

(cm)

Root

length

(cm)

Total

number of

leaves /plant

Length of

leaf blade

or lamina

(cm)

Width of

leaves

(cm)

Petiole

length

(cm)

T1=PMC 21.32 ± 1.50 4.30 ± 0.97 5.93 ± 0.65 6.44 ± 0.67 4.14 ± 0.59 4.66 ± 0.63

T2=KWC 17.20 ±1.60 3.78 ± 0.80 4.93 ± 0.59 4.41 ± 0.67 4.13 ± 0.37 4.13 ± 0.32

T3=Vc 18.21 ± 1.70 4.49 ± 1.36 5.46 ± 1.06 5.09 ± 0.70 3.46 ± 0.41 4.27 ± 0.37

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• Three treatment exhibited vary good value in the length of lamina, width of the leaves, petiole length and average root as well.

• During my practicum I found T2=KWC belongs to lower leaves root length where T1=PMC is higher productive then other treatment.

Fig: Graph of seedling characters. 32

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MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS AT 20 DAT

Variety Plantheight (cm)

Total number of leaves

Length of leaf blade or lamina(cm)

Width of leaves (cm)

Petiole length (cm)

T1=PMC 33.85±2.53 9.8 ± 1.21 16.92±1.78 11.79±1.27 5.78 ± 0.88

T2=KWC 29.39±1.84 9.33 ± 0.82 15.13±1.88 9.76 ± 1.22 5.29 ± 1.53

T3=Vc 33.31±2.02 9.4 ± 0.72 17.93±1.22 11.11±1.04 5.44 ± 1.58

Table- Means values of the morphological characters at 20 DAT and curd formation in three treatments of cauliflower.

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QUALITATIVE CHARACTERS

Differences in all these characteristics were recoded among the three treatments during experiment.

Variety LeafAtti-tudes

LeafShape

LeafWaxi-ness

LeafColour

LeafBlis-tering

CurdCoveringbyInnerLeaves

Curd Shape In Section

CurdColour

CurdDom-ing

CurdTex-ture

CurdCom- pact-ness

T1=PMC Semi-erect

Elliptic Strong Green Absent _ _ Whiteish _ Sami-hard

_

T2=KWC Erect Narrow Elliptic

Medium Green Absent Partially Cir-cular Whit-ish yel-low

Weak Med-ium

Med-ium

T3=Vc erect Narrow Elliptic

Medium Green Absent _ _ Super White

_ Med-ium

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MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF 3 TREATMENTS OF CAULIFLOWER AT MATURITY(45DAT)

Variety Plantheight (cm)

Total number of leaves

Length of leaf blade or lamina(cm)

Width of leaves (cm)

Petiole length (cm)

Curd diame-ter(cm)

Curd wt/plant(Kg)

T1=PMC 51.81±5.04 17.11±1.41 32.93±1.97 19.36±1.53 5.10±1.07 14.50 0.400

T2=KWC 45.60±4.30 16.99±1.41 34.37±1.22 17.63±0.71 5.32±0.87 12.65 0.302

T3=Vc 46.51± 3.61 17.66±0.78 32.94±3.39 16.42±1.94 5.30±0.96 13.20 0. 380

Fig. Curd Diameter 36

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MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF 3 TREATMENTS AT 45 DAT

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YIELD AND QUALITY OF CROPVariety Curd diameter (cm) Curd wt./plant (Kg) Yield/ha

(tones)

T1=PMC 23 ± 2 1.200± 0.250 36.5T2=KWC 20 ± 3 1.00± 0.150 35 T3=VC 21 ± 2 1.100 ± 0.140 35.5

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35.5

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36.5

T1 T2 T3

Yield of Cauliflower Yield/ha (tones)

Yield of Cauliflower Yield/ha(tones)

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Recommendation The study is an Organic farming as well as organic nutrition

is good for sustaining soil fertility, yield quality, food safety.

Seed of BARI-fulcopi 1 variety was sown in three treatments viz.; poultry manure compost (PMC), Kitchen Waste Compost (KWC), Vermicompost (Vc)

In present investigation it was found that poultry manure compost was superior compared to those of other treatments.

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Based on its more production, disease resistance capacity as well as long term agricultural sustainability, organic farming may be recommended for food safety and soil fertility .

For preventing soil degradation, organic farming is the best remedy

Organic farming is advisable for environmental safety and human health

RECOMMENDATION CONTD…..

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The study is an attempt to protect natural agricultural resource bases from further degradation in Bangladesh and to ensure long term sustainability in agricultural system.

Poultry Manure Compost, Kitchen Waste Compost, Vermicomposting treatments are used with a good quality cauliflower seed (BARI fulcopi-1) supplied by the BARI.

Differences in all these characteristics were noticed among the three treatments during this investigation.

CONCLUSION

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I found all most all organic treatments show good performance. Among the three Poultry Manure Compost treatment is higher productive treatment.

Poultry manure compost and Vermi compost production are relatively same at harvesting stage.

Both governmental and non-governmental organizations are giving their effort on ‘whole organic approach

Developing countries are practicing organic farming for export and in many places, for local consumption, the farmers are trying to reduce the overall use or indiscriminate use of chemicals in agriculture. Organic farming is ‘eco-friendly’.

CONCLUSION CONTD….

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Suggestion and Question

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Thankyou All

For join with me. 44