Effect of Poverty on the Academic Performance of Students in Some Selected Secondary Schools
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Transcript of Effect of Poverty on the Academic Performance of Students in Some Selected Secondary Schools
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THE EFFECT OF POVERTY ON THE ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN SOME SELECTED
SECONDARY SCHOOLS
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ABSTRACT
This research work was designed to find out the effect of
poverty on the academic performance of students in some
selected secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area of
Edo State. This research work consist of five chapter. Chapter
one was on the background of the study. However, the
significance of the study was highlighted in addition to the
problem encountered by the researcher in the course of
investigation. Chapter two was on the review of related
literature while chapter three was on methodology, area
considered under this section are population, sampling,
validation and reliability of questionnaire, administration of
questionnaire and method of data analysis. Chapter four was
devoted to data analysis, where the researcher adopted the
frequency method and percentage to analyze the data collected
by means of questionnaire on the final note was chapter five
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which was devoted to the summary and conclusion and
recommendations.
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Education is a process through which individual acquires
skills, competencies, and attitude. It is the right of every child to
be educated, be it traditional or western. Thus, education is
been regarded as culture to man, people and the nation of the
world at large. This explains why man has to educate himself
and his offspring in the society. Poverty is one of the factors
militating against man from carrying out his educational
activities perfectly. Because of the various perception and
complexities of the term poverty, a universally agreed definition
cannot be arrived at. But then poverty according to the oxford
advanced learners dictionary (2000) defined poverty as the
state of being poor. Oguw Mike (2005) sees poverty as a way of
life characterized by low calorie intake, inaccessibility of
adequate health facilities low quality education system, low life
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expectancy, unemployment and under-employment. Leroy and
Symes (2001) consider poverty as a major anti-risk factors
relating the concept poverty to Nigeria, it will therefore be
considered in a broader way which implies that it has be viewed
in various perspectives which include one national state and
home background. At the national level, a nation can be
considered poor when her economic standard is very low and
this automatically makes the nation underdeveloped. The
economy of a country that does not reached certain stage of
development in terms of infrastructure and other development
indices. As regard poverty in the family level, we are referring
to the home background. Even before the indigenous education
or western type of education, the home has always been the
agency through which man learns various aspect of life to
enable him live a meaningful life in his environment. The home
which is also known as traditional way of educating the young
ones is still regarded as the first school of a child before he
enters the larger society.
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The role of the home cannot be over emphasized because
the general assumptions that states of poverty in the family or
home goes to a long way to determine the extent of youth or
students educational development. Education is seen by many
as the route to alleviate poverty. There is no doubt that
meaningful; education is the most potent instrument for
alleviating and eventually abolishing poverty. In considering the
effect of poverty on academic performance of students to be
precise, the home background is the most important
phenomenon that needs to be seriously considered in order to
enhance the effective study of the relationship between poverty
and students academic performance. In view of this, some
factors that needed to be considered in the home or family
background are parents academic qualification, socio-economic
class and facilities available in home or home environment as
well as parent status.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
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Evidence shows that in Nigeria, the number of those in
poverty has continued to increase every year. By 1999, when
the government came into power, it was estimated that more
than 70% of Nigeria lived in poverty. In recent years, it has
been a controversy through in the mind of people that if the
poor status of any society or nation, even family can really have
an impact on the students educational performance. In view of
this, the study intends to investigate the positive and negative
impact of poverty on the student’s education in Nigeria. This is
because the diversity of the world poverty by different scholars
who have used it in their course of study and how it has
affected the learning and performance of the students in their
educational development. Goldstem (1976) admitted this
concept when he said that the fact that much of youth
educational development takes places in a circle or home, the
child begins to attend school in psychological tourism, an
attempt would be made to determine the influence of parent’s
socio-economic performance and the poverty impact on
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students education. There is a group which contents the poor
have right to be assisted on the bases of group solidarity.
Oijkstra (1984) we know that in Africa, the system of the
extended family addresses the issues of poverty in the
community.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of
poverty on the student’s academic performance in Nigeria
emphasizing on some selected secondary schools in Egor Local
Government Area of Edo State. The study is to find out whether
students of nation can really be affected with any economic
standard of the nation. The study also tries to find out the
extend of which any community standard of living can affect
the students education in that community. Some teachers are
surprise when it comes to evaluate performance of some
students such teachers might find a particular students in class
performing extremely poor despite all kinds of skills employed
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in carrying out an effective teaching and learning process which
extremely well.
This study will also provide possible suggestion, in
enhancing or improving the student’s academic performance by
bringing out strategies to alleviate poverty. For instance by
introducing the Britain welfare legislative system by providing
accommodation, transportation, feeding, sickness benefiting,
clothing etc those families living below the poverty level.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study is important when looked at from the concept of
poverty and the three various factors, the national level, the
community level and the home level or family background
which influence student’s educational needs. It is hoped that
the study definitely identified some of the essential factors
existing in the various level as they influence students in their
performance. The study will give solution on how to improve
students’ academic performance. The level of literacy can also
influence the level of performance in economic enterprise. This
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is why Africa tradition insists on lifelong education as a process
of acquiring various types of literacy, cultural, political, religious
etc for meaningful and effective living.
The study will also focus on the need for government to
incorporate parents in planning, for student. This is because the
parents know best the environment under which students at
home will learn and other variable which affect their
performance. The study also enables us to know that poverty
has become serious problem in Nigeria. Despite her oil wealth,
Nigeria becomes one of the poorest nation in the world. This life
span as short and there are social, political and economic
difficulties. Begging has become a vocation to many who now
live on the street. The crime rate is alarming, as violence, fraud
and armed robbery increase. One way of solving the problem of
poverty is to introduce measures ameliorate an equitable
distribution of resource.
Henner Hilder Brand (1994) believes that the process of
alleviating might be beyond the acquisition of literacy and the
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introduction of income general efforts. He seems to be
suggesting that the cure of poverty would be the conclusion of
people in decision and policies. The living conditions of the poor
also signify lacks of participatory opportunities in the
economics, cultural, political and social areas. The living
conditions of the fight against poverty should consequently
focus on eliminating the deficits mentioned in order to be
effective in the long-run.
RESEARCH QUESTION
For the proper examination of this study, the following
have been formulated to serve as a guide in the conduct of the
investigation.
1. What is the impact of environmental factors on the
academic performance of students?
2. To what extent does the economic status of any nation
affects its students academic performance?
3. Does the economic status of the parent have an impact on
the academic performance?
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4. Does the educational background of your parent have any
impact on your academic performance?
5. Does lack of equipment like textbooks affect the academic
performance?
SCOPE/DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This study is limited to some selected secondary schools in
Egor Local Government Area of Edo State.
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
A study of this type requires a wide coverage area but it is
subjected to certain constraint, which includes;
1. Insufficient funds which hindered getting enough
information from many other schools.
2. The period of time is limited.
3. This research is restricted to some selected secondary
schools in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State only.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
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Poverty: It is the lack of basic human needs, such as clean
water, nutrition, health care, education, shelter, transportation
etc poverty is said to exist when people or individual lack the
means of satisfying basic needs.
Family: family is a social group which consists of father,
mother and children in this work, we can classify family to be a
man, his wife, or wives, and children.
Academic performance/Achievement: This is how students
can perform in academic. It also refers to as the score or grades
obtained by students in examination in their various school. it
could be high academic performance which means pass or low
academic performance which means failure.
Home Environment: This refers to the surrounding in which
the students live. In this study it means the adequate facility
which the home has provided for students. It could be radio,
sleeping space, television and reading room whether conducive
for learning or not.
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Poverty Alleviation: This is the act of reducing poverty. In this
course of study, it refers to when the problem of poverty is
resolved.
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