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75KHON KAEN AGR. J. 41 SUPPL. 1 : (2013). KHON KAEN AGR. J. 41 SUPPL. 1 : (2013). 41 1 : (2556).

Effect of eucalyptus leaf meal supplementation on feed intake

ruminal ecology and microbial protein synthesis of swamp buffaloes

Nguyen The Thao1and Metha Wanapat1*

ABSTRACT:This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Eucalyptus (E. Camaldulensis) leaf meal

(ELM) supplementation on voluntary feed intake, ruminal ecology and microbial protein synthesis of swamp

buffaloes fed with rice straw. In this, ruminally stulated swamp buffaloes with initial body weight of 321 23 kg

were randomly assigned according to a 4 x 4 Latin square design. The dietary treatments were different levels of ELM

supplementation and were as follows: T1= 0 g ELM/hd/d; T2 = 40 g ELM/hd/d; T3 = 80 g ELM/hd/d; T4 = 120 g

ELM/hd/d. Experimental animals were kept in individual pens, concentrates were offered at 0.3%BW and rice straw

was fed ad libitum. These results revealed that voluntary feed intake were similar among treatments. Ruminal pH,

temperature were not signicantly affected; however, ELM supplementation resulted in signicantly lower concentration

of ruminal ammonia nitrogen. Population of bacteria and fungal zoospores were not different (P>0.05) amongtreatments while population of protozoa was decreased (P

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76 41 1 : (2556).

characteristics, anti-protozoa and methane

mitigration (Sallam et al., 2009). However,

there are few experimental data on effects of the

Eucalyptus leaves were conducted in in vivo

trials, especially in swam buffaloes. Therefore, the

objective of this study was to evaluate the effects

of eucalyptus leaf meal supplementation on feed

intake and rumen ecology and microbial protein

synthesis of swamp buffaloes.

Materials and Methods

Four, ruminal stulated buffaloes with initial

body weight (BW) of 420 15 kg, were randomly

assigned to receive four dietary treatments

according to a 4 4 Latin square design.

The dietary treatments were as follow: T1 =

supplementation at 0 g ELM/day (control);

T2 = supplementation at 40 g ELM/day; T3 =

supplementation at 80 g MUP/day; T4 =

supplementation at 120 g ELM/day, respectively.

Concentrate (14.2% CP) was fed daily to animals

at 0.3% of BW/day, and rice straw was offered

ad libitum. All experimental animals were kept in

individual pens with clean fresh water and mineral

blocks were available at all times.

The experiment was conducted for four periods

and each lasted for 21 days. During the rst

14 days, all animals were fed respective diets,

whereas during the last 7 days, they were moved to

metabolism crates for total urine and fecal

collection.

Feeds and fecal samples were collected by

total collection of each individual buffaloes during

the last 7 days of each period at the morning and

afternoon feeding. Feeds and refusals samples

analyzed for DM, ash and CP content (AOAC,

1995). Urine samples were analyzed for total

N (AOAC, 1995) and allantonin in urine was

determined by HPLC as describes by Chen et al.

(1993). At the end of each period, rumen uid

samples were collected immediately post feeding

at 2, 4 and 6 h. Rumen uid was immediately

measured for pH and temperature by using

a portable pH temperature meter. Ruminal

ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) analyzed by micro

Kjeldahl methods (AOAC, 1990). Total direct

count of protozoa and fungal zoospores were

determined by using the method of Galyean (1989)

and group of bacteria (total viable, cellulolytic,proteolytic and amylolytic) were measured using

roll-tube technique (Hungate, 1969).

All data from the experiment were analyzed by

using the SAS(1998) GLM procedure according

to the model: Yijk = + Mi + Aj + Pk + ijk; where

Yijk: observation from animal j, receiving diet i,

in period k; : the overall mean; Mi: effect of the

different level of ELM supplementation (i = 1, 2,

3, 4); Aj: the effect of steer (j = 1, 2, 3, 4); Pk: the

effect of period (k = 1, 2, 3, 4); and ijk: the

residual effect. Difference between treatment

means were determined by Duncans New Multiple

Rang Test (DMRT) with P

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77KHON KAEN AGR. J. 41 SUPPL. 1 : (2013).

Supplementation of ELM did not affect on

ruminant pH, temperature (Table 2) and those

values were in normal ranges as reported for

optimal microbial digestion of ber by Wanapat

and Pimpa (1999). However, ruminal ammonia

nitrogen concentration was signicantly

decreased (P

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78 41 1 : (2556).

Table 2 Effects of Eucalyptus leaf meal on rumen fermentation characteristics.

(ELM, g/hd/d)

Items 0 40 80 120 SEM

Ruminal pH 6.6 6.5 6.4 6.5 0.06Ruminal temperature, 0C 38.6 38.6 38.5 38.6 0.05

NH3-N, mg/dL 11.8a 10.3ab 8.5ab 7.8b 0.99

Total direct count, cell/ml

Protozoa, x 105 9.1a 8.6ab 7.6ab 7.1b 0.51

Fungi zoospores, x 105 3.9 3.4 3.2 4.5 0.40

Viable bacteria, CFU/ml

Total, x 108 0.72 0.76 0.8 1.1 1.13

Amylolytic, x107 4.7 3.4 3.1 5.1 0.91

Proteolytic, x 10

7

6.8

a

5.7

ab

5.0

b

3.1

c

0.45Cellulolytic, x108 2.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 0.33

a,bValues on the same row with different superscripts differed (P

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79KHON KAEN AGR. J. 41 SUPPL. 1 : (2013).

Education and Training, Vietnam are gratefully

acknowledged for the use of research facilities and

nancial support, respectively.

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