EFFECT OF BIOGEN, FISH RIGIR AND STOCKING RATE ON...

4th Conference of Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research (2014), 153-182

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EFFECT OF BIOGEN, FISH RIGIR AND STOCKING RATE ON

GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO) AND GREY MULLET (Mugil cephalus).

Fath El-Bab A. F., Amal, S. Hassan and Mostafa M. A. A.

Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research at Abbassa, Agriculture Research Center.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is the evaluation the effect of fertilization by fish

rigir, feed additives (Biogen) and stocking rate on earthen ponds

productivity cultured with Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Grey mullet

(Mugil cephalus). Eighteen ponds (21100 m) were stocked with 2000 of

M. cephalus fingerlings for each pond. The Eighteen ponds were assigned

into three groups, each group composed of Six ponds (three stocking rates

with two replicates 200, 400, and 600 fish/pond by common carp), the first

group was treated by artificial feed containing 30% crude protein, second

group was treated by fertilization with 52.5 kg fish rigir every week for

each pond and third group was treated by artificial feed 30% crude protein

with 0.2% Biogen. Common carp and Grey mullet fingerlings averaging

7.54 and 13.67g in weight were assigned randomly to three tested

different feed and fertilized inputs with three stocking rates. Results

obtained can be summarized as follows:

Common carp:

Feeding regime: Treatment 3 (artificial feeding with 0.2% Biogen)

recorded the highest averages body weight (BW), body length (BL),

condition factors (K), daily weight gain (DWG) and specific growth rate

(SGR).

Stocking rate: SR2 (2000 Grey mullet+400 Common carp) recorded the

highest averages of body weight (BW), body length (BL), condition factors

(K), daily weight gain (DWG) and specific growth rate (SGR).

Grey mullet:

Feeding regime: Treatment 3 (artificial feeding with 0.2% Biogen)

recorded the highest averages body weight (BW), body length (BL),

condition factors (K), daily weight gain (DWG) and specific growth rate

(SGR).

http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?speciesID=4



EFFECT OF BIOGEN, FISH RIGIR AND STOCKING RATE ON GROWTH ……

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Stocking rate: SR2 (2000 Grey mullet+400 Common carp) recorded the

highest averages of body weight (BW), body length (BL), condition factors

(K), daily weight gain (DWG) and specific growth rate (SGR).

Based on results obtained in this study and on the economical

evaluation, it could be concluded that, G. mullet (Mugil cephalus) and

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) can be cultured together in earthen ponds

and growth parameters of the two species improved when fish fed on diet

30% crude protein with 0.2% Biogen. The favored economics of this

treatment was reflected in the best ratio of returns to total costs. But Fish

Rigr can be used as a source of feeding for farms with limited income.

INTRODUCTION

Fish, like all animals, need food to grow. The amount of food they consume

determines how fast they grow. Consequently, food availability to a large extent

determines what the production of the fish pond will be and how much income the

farmer will receive. Poly culture is the practice of culturing more than one species of

aquatic organism in the same pond. The motivating principle is that fish production in

ponds may be maximized by raising a combination of species having different food

habits. The mixture of fish gives better utilization of available natural food produced in a

pond (Bocek, 1996).

Feed additives are substances which added in trace amounts provide a mechanism

by which such dietary deficiencies can be addressed which benefits not only the

nutrition and thus the growth rate of the animal concerned, but also its health and

welfare in modern day fish farming. Some of the most utilized growth-promoting feed

additives include hormones, antibiotics, ionospheres and some salts (Fuller, 1992;

Go´ngora, 1998; Klaenhammer and kullen, 1999). Probiotics are also feed

additives (Zootechnical additives) which are defined as live microbes that may serve as

dietary supplements to improve the host intestinal microbial balance and growth

performance (Gatesoupe, 1999). The Probiotics in aquaculture have been shown to

have several modes of action: competitive exclusion of pathogenic bacteria through the

production of inhibitory compounds; improvement of water quality; enhancement of

immune response of host animal; and enhancement of nutrition of host animal through

the production of supplemental digestive enzymes (Thompson et al., 1999;

Verschuere et al., 2000 and Carnevali et al., (2006). In aquaculture industry,

several probiotic species were used, including Saccharomyces spp. (Surawicz et al.,

1989), Lactobacillus acidopilus (Venkat et al. 2004), B. subtilis (Kumar et al.,


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2006, Ghosh et al. 2007; Keysami et al., 2007) and mixed cultures (Lessard and

Brisson, 1987). There has been increasing interest in the possible use of probiotics in

aquaculture, including application in black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon

(Rengpipat et al., 2000), salmonids Oncorhynchus nerka and rainbow trout, Salmo

gairdneri (Irianto and Austin, 2002), white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

Boone (Venkat et al., 2004), Indian major carp, Labeo rohita Ham. (Kumar et al.,

2006) and Penaeus japonicus and P. semisulcatus (Saleh, 2007).

The aime of the present study was to evaluate the effect of fertilization and feed

additives on earthen ponds productivity and stocking rates of Common carp (Cyprinus

carpio) with Grey mullet (Mugil cephalus).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Experimental design

The present experiment was conducted during the period between 22nd may and

lasted on 9th October 2012 (20 weeks-140 days) in Eighteen fresh water earthen ponds

each of total area of ½feddan at a private farm (in Tollumbat No.7 in Riyad City, Kafr

El-Sheikh Governorate, Delta district at the Northern part of Egypt) to evaluate the

effect of fertilization and feed additives on earthen ponds productivity and stocking rate

with Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) (two replicates

with each treatments). The objective of the present study aimed also to evaluate the

effect of fish rigir without artificial feeding, and compared to artificial feeding and

artificial feeding supplemented with 0.2% Biogen on the production of Common carp

and Grey mullet fingerlings.

Ponds description and preparation

Erthen ponds with 125 cm water depth were supplied with fresh water from El-

Gharbia drainage canal. The water system of the experimental ponds is maintained by

gravity. The Eighteen ponds were stocked with 2000 of Grey mullet fingerlings for each

pond. Then the Eighteen ponds were assigned into three groups, the experimental

groups were stcked by stocking rate 200, 400, 600 fish/pond of common carp. These

groups were treated by three treatment. The first group was treated by artificial feed

30% croude protein, second group was trated by fertilization with fish rigir and third

group was treated by artificial feed with Biogen as described in table (1).

Feed was offered six days per week (except Friday) during the experimental period.

The feeding rate was 3% of the total fish mass presented in each pond and the feed





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amount was adjusted biweekly for each pond separately according to the new recorded

biomass. Chemical analysis of fish rigir and fish feed are presented in table (2 a and b).

Table (1): Stocking rate of Common carp and Grey mullet under the three

feeding treatments. All exeprimental ponds were stocked with equal number

of mullet 2000 fish/pond Treatment Stocking

rate

pond

No. stocking rate per pond Stocking rate per treatment

Fertilization with fish rigir

(T1) SR1 1 2000 G mullet+200 C carp 4000 G mullet+400 C carp

SR2 2 2000 G mullet+400 C carp 4000 G mullet+800 C carp


Supplementary Feed (3% of body Weight) (T2)



SR3 6 2000 G mullet+600 C carp 4000 G mullet+1200 C carp Supplementary Feed with

0.2%Biogen (3% of body Weight) (T3)




Experimental fish

Fish species

The experimental ponds were stocked with fish species; Common carp (Cyprinus

carpio) and Grey mullet (Mugil cephalus). Common carp fish were stocked with an

average initial total length of 6.92cm and an average initial total weight of 7.54g for all

treatments. The average initial length of G. mullet fingerlings was 9.67cm and the

average initial body weight of 13.67g for all treatments. The fingerlings of Common carp

and G. mullet were supplied from different fish farms Riyad City, Kafer El-Shiek

Governorate.

Pond management

Fertilizers applications

Ponds were fertilized for the twenty weeks as shown in (Table 2a) Fertilization

occurred once a week by broadcasting of fish rigir. The chemical composition of fish

rigir is show in table (2 a)

Organic fertilizer: Fish rigir is a product for fish farm produced by Misr El-Salam

International Company for producing organic fertilizers, Alexandria Governorate. Fish

rigir consists of 60% chicken manure but compressed and heat treated in order to be

free from parasites, Salmonella, Shigella and E. coli plus 20% yellow corn, 10% soybean

and 10% rice bran plus some feed additive (Sodium Algenate, Selinium, antifungal drug



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and Saccharromycine). The fish rigir was applied at rate of 50g/ m2 (52.5kg / ¼

feddan) /weekly.

Table 2 a. Chemical analysis of fish rigirs on D.M basis.

Item Fish Rigir

Cubic meter weight (kg/

m3) 720

Humidity % 11.6 pH 8.47

Electric conductivity mmhos/cm

4.22

Total nitrogen % 2.15 Ammonia nitrogen ppm 1117

Organic matter % 59.1

Organic carbon % 34.28 Ash % 40.9

C:N ratio 15.9:1 Total phosphorus % 2.17

Total potassium % 1.48

Iron ppm 1210 Manganese ppm 574

Copper ppm 82 Parasites Nil

Concening the Biogen supplement each kg Biogen® contained: Allicin 0.247

micromil/gm, high-unit hydrolytic enzyme 3690 units/gm, (proteolytic- lipolytic-

amylolytic and cell separating enzymes), Bacillus subtilis Nato 6x 107 cells/gm, Ginseng

extract. Manufactured by China Way Corporation 16- 4 No. 424 Chung Ming Road.

Taichung Taiwan.

Supplementary feed

Commercial diet was manufactured by Sherbeen-Domiatte, local factory. Sample of

fish feed was collected from several sacks and send for proximate analysis at the

Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research at Abbassa. Chemical analysis of

experimental artificial feed is presented in Table (2 b). The fingerlings were fed on the

commercial floating diet and fed six days per week at a daily feeding rate of 3% of the

estimated fish-weight twice daily at 9.00am and 3.00pm during the experimental period


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Table 2 b: Composition and proximate chemical analysis of the experimental ration and fertilizer fish rigir.

Item No. of samples Fish rigir

Supplementary

feed

Moisture % 6 4.37 ±0.36 9.81 ±0.36

Crude protein % 6 11.72 ±0.28 29.79 ±0.28

Crude fat % 6 1.05 ±0.09 4.37 ±0.09

Crude fiber % 6 29.75 ±0.38 4.63 ±0.38

Ash % 6 19.41 ±0.35 9.37 ±0.35

Feed quantity was adjusted according to average body weight of the biweekly

sample of each pond. In order to determine the average weight of fish, biweekly

samples were taken by seining where 30 fishes / species from each pond were collected

and then released again in the pond after individual measuring the weight and length.

Water management

Water temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH were measured weekly at 6am. and

12pm. using thermometer, dissolved oxygen meter (YSI model 57) and pH meter

(model Corning 345), respectively. Determinations of the other water quality parameters

(alkalinity and ammonia) were carried out every two weeks according to the methods of

Boyd (1979).

Fish samples and measurements

Random samples 30 fish from each species of each pond (two replicate with each

treatment) were taken every biweekly during the experimental period. During this

experiment, body measurements (body weight in g and body length in cm) at biweekly

interval throughout the whole experiment period were recorded.

Condition factor was determined by using the following formula:

K= weight (g) length (cm) 3 100

Specific growth rate was calculated according to Jauncey and Rose (1982) by using

the following formula:

SGR = xt

1LnW2LnW 100

Harvesting

At the end of the experiment (9th of October, 2012), ponds were gradually drained

from the water and fish were harvested by seining and transferred to fiberglass tanks

and carried to the processing centre where they washed, and the fish of the different

fish species were sorted and collectively weighed.

Statistical analysis

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The statistical analysis of data collected was analyzed using two way analysis of

variance and carried out by applying the computer program (SAS, 1996) by adopting

the following fixed model:

xij = μ.. + αi + βj + αβij.

Where:

Xij = observation of the ijkl-th fish

μ = Overall mean. αi = the effect of I-th feeding regime.

βj = the effect of J-th stocking density.

αβij = the effect of interaction between I-th feeding regime and stocking rate J-th.

Differences among means were tested for significance according to Duncan’s

multiple range tests (Duncan, 1955).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Water quality parameters

Results of water quality parameters of the experimental ponds during the

experimental period (140 days) as averages of the monthly samples are summarized in

Table (3). In general, averages of water temperature ranged from 26.0 to 27.61°C

during the experiment course (22nd May – 9th October 2012) and the differences

among treatments were not significant.

Dissolved oxygen ranged between 3.55 and 5.68 mg / l and the differences among

treatments were significant. pH ranged between 7.3 and 8.74. The average

concentration of unionized ammonia (NH3) was 0.38 to 0.53 mg/l. The average value of

seechi disk readings were 18.45 to 24.53 (cm). The significant decrease in seechi disk

reading less than 20 cm for T1 (fed diet) indicates that pond is too turbid, which may

due to either phytoplankton or suspended soil particles (Boyd 1998). Also, total

hardness showed significant among treatments at average 22.5 to 34.6 mg/l.

Table 3: Some water quality parameters of earthen ponds stocked with common carp and Grey mullet.

Variable

NO

Fish rigir Artificial feeding Artificial feeding with Biogen

SE SR1 SR2 SR3 SR1 SR2 SR3 SR1 SR2 SR3

Temperature 6 27.29a 27.21a 26.65a 27.46a 27.11a 27.61a 26.00a 26.25a 26.40a 0.65

D.Oxygen 6 5.68a 4.99a 5.11a 5.01a 4.58ab 3.55b 5.60a 5.31a 5.56a 0.84

Ph 6 8.29a 8.62a 8.65a 8.73a 8.66a 8.74a 7.8b 7.7b 7.3b 1.02

Seechi disk 6 22.53ab 22.09ab 22.45ab 24.53a 21.76b 23.20a 20.48b 21.06b 18.45c 1.46

NH3mg/l 6 0. 46a 0.49a 0.53a 0.39b 0.42a 0.43a 0.38b 0.40ab 0.41ab 0.30

T H. (ml/L) 6 22.5d 24.6cd 28.9b 31.2ab 34.2a 34.6a 27.9b 25.4c 28.5b 1.78

a, b, c ± Means with the same letter in each column are not significantly different (P≥0.05).


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Body weight

Table (4) shows The averages of body weights, the initial of body weights of CC and

GM were 7.54and 13.67g, respectively; while at the end of the experiment, the

averages of body weight for fish species were 246.37and 275.59g, respectively. These

results indicate that, the body weight for Grey mullet Mugil cephalus (GM) was higher

than obtained in common carp Cyprinus carpio (CC). These results may be attributed to

the feeding habits of fish species.

Averages of common carp body weight, the effect of feeding regime (artificial

feeding, fish rigir and artificial feeding with 0.2%Biogen) on body weight, Table 4

showed that, the initial body weight was 7.20, 7.49 and 7.83g, respectively. While at

the end of experiment the means of body weight for treatments were 280.59, 131.43

and 282.90g for the three treatments, respectively. These results indicate that, the

average of body weight for third treatment was higher than other treatments. Analysis

of variance of results indicated that the differences among treatments were significant

(P<0.05).

Bogut et al., (1998) who studied the effect of supplementing Common carp

feeds with different additives, including Biogen, yeast (S. cerevisiae) and bacteria (S.

faecium). They observed better growth with probiotic-supplemented diets but obtained

the best growth with the bacterium. Mehrim (2001) found that, use of 0.3% Biogen in

Nile tilapia diet was significantly increased SGR compared to diets free Biogen. These

results agreed with the present study which show that 0.2 - 0.3% of Biogen was the

optimum addition level for Nile tilapia fry. Soltan et al. (2010) studied the effect of

Biogen as feed additives on growth and feed utilization of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis

niloticus and found that, Final BW and WG of Nile tilapia fed diets contained the

different Biogen levels were significantly (P<0.001) higher than those fed the basal diet.

Averages of common carp body weight, the effect of stocking rates (2000 fish of

Grey mullet with 200, 400 and 600 fish of common carp) on body weight, Table 4




average body weight for first treatment was higher than other treatments and the

differences among treatments were significant (P<0.05).

Uddin (2007) found that, the body weight of Nile tilapia increased with increasing

silver carp stocking rate in polyculture system. The auther referred this result to the


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increasing of the amount of artificial feed which was available for tilapia fish more than

silver carp.

Table 4: Least-square means and standard errors of the tested factors affecting on body weight (gm).

Variable No. Common carp Grey mullet

Initial weight

Final weight Initial weight

Final weight

General main 270 7.54±1.11 246.37±1.52 13.67±1.11 275.59±1.52

Feeding regime (F).

T1 (control) 90 7.29±1.12a 280.59±1.52a 12.62±1.12a 321.56±1.52b

T2 90 7.49±1.12a 131.43±1.52b 13.82±1.12a 164.68±1.52c T3 90 7.83±1.12a 282.90±1.52a 13.91±1.12a 340.49±1.52a

Stoking rate (SR).

SR1 90 7.65±1.14a 271.51±1.64a 13.22±1.14a 282.46±1.64a SR2 90 7.71±1.14a 269.70±1.64a 13.39±1.14a 278.31±1.64b SR3 90 7.26±1.14a 235.73±1.64b 13.74±1.14a 265.96±1.64c

F*SD

T1*SR1 30 7.26±1.87a 309.49±2.27b 12.48±1.87a 326.81±2.27b T1*SR2 30 7.11±1.87a 295.79±2.27bc 12.71±1.87a 323.45±2.27b T1*SR3 30 7.51±1.87a 236.50±2.27cd 12.67±1.87a 314.41±2.27b T2*SR1 30 7.96±1.87a 151.64±2.27e 13.68±1.87a 168.70±2.27c T2*SR2 30 7.31±1.87a 142.05±2.27e 13.91±1.87a 166.19±2.27c T2*SR3 30 7.21±1.87a 100.59±2.27f 13.88±1.87a 159.16±2.27c T3*SR1 30 7.72±1.87a 360.56±2.27a 13.50±1.87a 351.87±2.27a T3*SR2 30 8.71±1.87a 279.44±2.27c 13.55±1.87a 345.30±2.27a T3*SR3 30 7.06±1.87a 208.70±2.27d 14.67±1.87a 324.31±2.27b

a, b, c ± Means with the same letter in each column are not significantly different (P≥ 0.05).

Concerning body weight of grey mullet (Table, 4), the effect of feeding regime

(artificial feeding, fish rigir and artificial feeding with 0.2%Biogen) on body weight,

Table 4 showed that, the initial body weight was 12.62, 13.82 and 13.91g, respectively.

While at the end of experiment the means of body weight for treatments were 321.56,

164.68 and 340.49g for the three treatments, respectively. These results indicate that,

the average body weight for thired treatment was higher than other treatments and the

differences among treatments were significant (P<0.05). El -Ebiary (1998) when

studied the use of organic manures in polyculture system for tilapia, mullet and carp he

found that, final body weights of fish species reared in group (A – 150kg poltery

manur/feddan with artificial feed 18% crude protein) which were fertilized with poultry

manure and fed at supplementary diet in ponds were improved compared with those

reared in group (B – 150kg cow manure/feddan with artificial feed 18% crude protein)

which were fertilized with cow manure and fed at supplementary diet in ponds and


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group (C- artificial feed 18% crude protein without fertilization ) which were given

supplementary feed (SF) only in the ponds.

Averages of common carp body weight, the effect of stocking rates (2000 fish of

Grey mullet with 200, 400 and 600fish of common carp) on body weight, Table 4




average body weight for first treatment was higher than other treatments. the


Abdel-Hakim, et al., (2006) and Bakeer, (2006) who found thatthe growth of

grey mullet was influenced by the different stocking densityfertilization and

supplementary feeding. Abdel-Gawad and Salama (2007) reported that, that final

body weight of M.cephalus increased significantly (p<0.05) with the decreasing

ofstocking density.

Results presented in Table (4) show that, variations were significant (P0.05) due to

the interaction between feeding regime treatments and stocking rates which indicated

that these two factors act dependently on each other and also each of them had its own

significant effect. As showed in this Table, for Common carp (CC) the best final weight

was obtained for fish fed on artificial feeding with Biogen (360.56g) at stocking rate of

2000 fish of Grey mullet and 200 fish/pond. While for Grey mullet (GM) the best final

weight was obtained for fish fed on artificial feeding with Biogen (351.87g) at stocking

rate of 2000 fish of Grey mullet and 200 fish of common carp/pond were higher than

obtained for other feeding regime and stocking rate.

Body length

Table 5 showed that, the averages of total body length, at the start and the end of

this experiment. As described in this Table the initial averages of CC and GM were 6.92

and 9.67cm, respectively while at the end of experiment, the averages of total body

length for fish species were 26.97 and 28.91cm, respectively. These results indicate that

body length for GM was significantly higher than CC.

Concerning the effect of feeding regime on body length for common carp Table 5,

the initial body length was 5.97, 6.70 and 6.76cm for three treatments T1, T2 and T3

respectively. While at the end of the experiment, the means of body length for

treatments were 27.99, 23.65 and 28.75cm for three treatments, respectively. These

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results indicate that the total body length for third treatment was higher than other

treatments. Analysis of variance of results indicated that the differences among

treatments were significant (P<0.05).

Uddin (2007) found that, supplementary feeding increased body length of Nile

tilapia more than the poultry litter. The opposite trend was obtained with silver carp.

The significance increased for tilapia and silver carp. Due to the effect of the stocking

rate, the increase of body length of Nile tilapia was more pronounced compared with

the other two densities and the significance among means. While with respect to silver

carp, the increase was more due to the effect of the stocking rate.

Table 5: Least-square means and standard errors of the tested factors affecting on body length (cm).


Initial length Final length Initial length

Final length

General main 270 6.92±0.92b 26.79±1.47b 9.67±0.92a 28.91±1.47a

Feeding regime (F).

T1 (control) 90 5.97±0.87a 27.99±1.32b 9.64±0.87a 26.15±1.32b

T2 90 6.70±0.87a 23.65±1.32c 9.86±0.87a 25.44±1.32c

T3 90 6.76±0.87a 28.75±1.32a 9.48±0.87a 32.08±1.32a

Stoking rate (SR).

SR1 90 6.43±0.82a 28.72±1.34a 9.48±0.82a 27.20±1.34b

SR2 90 6.60±0.82a 26.29±1.34b 9.78±0.82a 27.85±1.34b

SR3 90 6.40±0.82a 25.37±1.34c 9.72±0.82a 28.62±1.34a

F*SD

T1*SR1 30 5.89±0.63a 29.42±1.16a 9.48±0.63a 23.74±1.16d T1*SR2 30 6.07±0.63a 27.75±1.16ab 9.67±0.63a 23.97±1.16d T1*SR3 30 5.96±0.63a 26.80±1.16b 9.78±0.63a 30.73±1.16b

T2*SR1 30 6.65±0.63a 26.53±1.16b 9.69±0.63a 26.29±1.16c T2*SR2 30 6.77±0.63a 22.62±1.16d 9.89±0.63a 26.74±1.16c T2*SR3 30 6.67±0.63a 21.79±1.16d 9.99±0.63a 23.29±1.16d T3*SR1 30 6.76±0.63a 30.21±1.16a 9.26±0.63a 31.58±1.16ab T3*SR2 30 6.96±0.63a 28.50±1.16ab 9.79±0.63a 32.84±1.16a T3*SR3 30 6.56±0.63a 27.53±1.16ab 9.39±0.63a 31.83±1.16ab


Concerning body length of grey mullet (Table, 5), the effect of feeding regime

(artificial feeding, fish rigir and artificial feeding with 0.2%Biogen) on body length, Table

4 showed that, the initial body length was 9.64, 9.86 and 9.48cm, respectively. While at

the end of experiment the means of body length for treatments were 26.15, 25.44 and

32.08cm for the three treatments, respectively. These results indicate that, the average


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body length for third treatment was higher than other treatments and the differences

among treatments were significant (P<0.05).

Averages body length of common carp (Table, 5), the effect of stocking rates (2000

fish of Grey mullet with 200, 400 and 600 fish of common carp/pond) on body weight,

Table 5 showed that, the initial body length was 6.43, 6.60 and 6.40cm, respectively.

While at the end of experiment the means of body length for treatments were 28.72,

23.65 and 25.37cm for the three treatments, respectively. These results indicate that,

the average body length for first stocking rate was higher than other treatments and the

differences among treatments were significant (P<0.05). Ibrahim et al., (2000) and

Jasmine (2011) found that, the results revealed also that the decrease in body length

was more pronounced at the highest stocking densities of carp compared with the lower

densities where differences in this trait among the groups started to be significant.

Averages of Grey mullet body length, the effect of stocking rates (2000 fish of Grey

mullet with 200, 400 and 600fish of common carp/pond) on body length, Table 3

showed that, the initial body length was 9.48, 9.78 and 9.72cm, respectively. While at

the end of experiment the means of body length for treatments were 27.20, 27.85 and

28.62cm for the three treatments, respectively. These results indicate that, the average

body length for third stocking rate was higher than other treatments and the differences

among treatments were significant (P<0.05). Hafez et al., (1991) found a strong

correlation between body weight and body length for tilapia, mullet and carp fish. Esaa

(1996) found that the mean individual growth rate and body length of M.cephalus

were highest for the lower stocking density and lowest for the higher stocking density.

Results presented in Table (5) show that variation in body length were significant

(P0.05) due to the interaction between feeding regime and stocking rate. As showed in

this Table, the best final weight was obtained for fish fed on artificial feeding with

Biogen with (30.21cm) at stocking rate of 2000 fish of Grey mullet and 200 fish of

common carp/pond and higher than obtained in other treatments. While for Grey mullet

(GM) the best final length was obtained for fish fed on artificial feeding with Biogen with

(32.84cm) at stocking rate of 2000 fish of Grey mullet and 400 fish of common

carp/pond were higher than obtained for other feeding regime and stocking rate.

Condition factor (K):

Condition factor of fish is essentially a measure of relative muscle to bone growth

and the differing growth responses of these tissues to diet treatment may be reflected

by changes in condition factor. Condition factor (K) was considered to be a sufficient

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measure of shape, although shape is usually not considered as a character of interest to

breeding programs, since it has no obvious economic value (Nilsson, 1992).

Table 6 presents means of K at the start and the end of the experiment as affected

treatments and fish species. As described in this Table the averages of K values at the

start for CC and GM was 2.32 and 1.51, respectively while at the end of experiment the

means of K for fish species were 1.19 and 1.13, respectively.

Concerning the effect of feeding regime on condition factor for common carp Table

6, the initial condition factor was 2.63, 1.99 and 1.69 for three treatments T1, T2 and

T3 respectively. While at the end of the experiment, the means of condition factor for

treatments were 1.28, 0.91 and 1.38 for three treatments, respectively. These results

indicate that the total condition factor for third treatment was higher than other


treatments were significant (P<0.05). Fath El-bab et al., (2011) found that, feeding

treatment in adequate quantities and the increase in feeding rate

Table 6: Least-square means and standard errors of the tested factors affecting on

condition factor (K).


Initial CF(K) Final CF(K) Initial CF(K)

Final CF(K)

General main 270 2.32±0.18a 1.19±0.13a 1.51±0.18b 1.13±0.13b

Feeding regime (F).

T1 (control) 90 2.63±0.18a 1.28±0.16b 1.42±0.18a 1.09±0.16b

T2 90 1.99±0.18a 0.91±0.16c 1.46±0.18a 1.09±0.16b T3 90 1.69±0.18a 1.38±0.16a 1.65±0.18a 1.26±0.16a

Stoking rate (SR).

SR1 90 1.93±0.15a 1.09±0.18b 1.57±0.15a 1.22±0.18a SR2 90 2.30±0.15a 1.32±0.18a 1.44±0.15a 1.12±0.18b SR3 90 2.07±0.15a 1.16±0.18b 1.52±0.15a 1.10±0.18bc

F*SD

T1*SR1 30 2.69±0.16a 1.22±0.13bc 1.48±0.16a 1.16±0.13b T1*SR2 30 2.39±0.16a 1.39±0.13ab 1.41±0.16a 1.02±0.13d T1*SR3 30 2.81±0.16a 1.23±0.13bc 1.36±0.16a 1.09±0.13c T2*SR1 30 1.94±0.16a 0.74±0.13d 1.52±0.16a 1.16±0.13b T2*SR2 30 2.00±0.16a 1.09±0.13c 1.45±0.16a 1.09±0.13c T2*SR3 30 2.02±0.16a 0.90±0.13d 1.41±0.16a 1.03±0.13d T3*SR1 30 1.15±0.16a 1.31±0.13b 1.71±0.16a 1.35±0.13a T3*SR2 30 2.52±0.16a 1.49±0.13a 1.45±0.16a 1.25±0.13ab T3*SR3 30 1.39±0.16a 1.34±0.13b 1.79±0.16a 1.17±0.13b



166

resulted in higher condition factor since the fish grow well when the supply of food

is adequate. Similar results in which condition factors increased with the feeding rate

have been reported by Chua and Teng (1982).

Concerning condition factor (K) of grey mullet (Table, 6), the effect of feeding

regime (artificial feeding, fish rigir and artificial feeding with 0.2%Biogen) on condition

factor, Table 6 showed that, the initial condition factor was 1.42, 1.46 and 1.65,

respectively. While at the end of experiment the means of condition factor for

treatments were 1.09, 1.09 and 1.26 for the three treatments, respectively. These

results indicate that, the average condition factor for third treatment was higher than

other treatments and the differences among treatments were significant (P<0.05).

Averages condition factor of common carp (Table, 6), the effect of stocking rates

(2000 fish of Grey mullet with 200, 400 and 600 fish of common carp/pond) on

condition factor, Table 6 showed that, the initial (K) was 1.93, 2.30 and 2.07,

respectively. While at the end of experiment the means of (K) for treatments were 1.09,

1.32 and 1.16 for the three treatments, respectively. These results indicate that, the

average (K) for second stocking rate was higher than other treatments and the

differences among treatments were significant (P<0.05). Prabaharan and Murugan

(2012) found that, the highest K values were recorded by the fish in both group 1

(artificial feeding without Biogen) and 3 which was fed on basal diet and 2g of

Biogen/kg feed followed by those in groups 2 (artificial feeding with 1g Biogen/kg), 5

(artificial feeding with 4g Biogen/kg) and 4 (artificial feeding with 3g Biogen/kg),

respectively.

Averages of Grey mullet condition factor, the effect of stocking rates (2000 fish of

Grey mullet with 200, 400 and 600fish of common carp/pond) on (K), Table 6 showed

that, the initial (K) was 1.57, 1.44 and 1.52, respectively. While at the end of

experiment the means of (K) for treatments were 1.22, 1.12 and 1.10 for the three

treatments, respectively. These results indicate that, the average (K) for first stocking

rate was higher than other treatments and the differences among treatments were

significant (P<0.05). Hafez (1991), who found a strong correlation between body

weight, body length and condition factor for tilapia, mullet and carp fish.

Results presented in Table (6) show that variation in K values were significant


this Table, the best K values was obtained for fish fed on artificial feeding with Biogen

(1.49) at stocking rate of 2000 fish of Grey mullet and 400 fish of common carp/pond)

Fath El-Bab et al.

167

and higher than obtained in other treatments. While for Grey mullet (GM) the best K

values was obtained for fish fed on artificial feeding with Biogen (1.35) at stocking rate

of 2000 fish of Grey mullet and 200 fish of common carp/pond) were higher than


Daily weight gain (DWG)

Table 7 presents averages of daily weight gain (DWG) as affected treatments and

stocking rates. As described in this Table the averages of DWG values for CC and GM

was 1.61 and 1.70g/fish, respectively.

Concerning the effect of feeding regime on DWG for common carp Table 7, the

DWG was 1.78, 0.94 and 1.84 g/fish for three treatments T1, T2 and T3 respectively.

These results indicate that, the average DWG for third feeding regime was higher than

other treatments. Analysis of variance of results indicated that the differences among

treatments were significant (P<0.05). Khattab et al., (2004) demonstrated that, WG

of Nile tilapia O. niloticus were significantly (P<0.05) increased with increasing Biogen

level in the diet and the highest WG was recorded at 0.1% Biogen level. Also, Bayoumi

(2004) reported that fish fed artificial diet supplemented with 2g of Biogen/kg diet

exhibited highest DWG.

Concerning DWG of grey mullet (Table, 7), the effect of feeding regime (artificial

feeding, fish rigir and artificial feeding with 0.2%Biogen) on DWG, Table 7 showed that,

the DWG was 2.47, 2.14 and 2.80g/fish, respectively. These results indicate that, the

average of DWG for first stocking rate was higher than other treatments. And the

differences among treatments were significant (P<0.05). Elam (2004) found that WG

of Nile tilapia, O. niolticus and Mugil cephalus significantly improved (compared to

control) when the experimental diets enriched by 2 kg Biogen/ton. The improvement in

WG of fish in group 3 due to the growth promoter effect of Biogen may be attributed to

the fact that Biogen has a particular good flavor and appetizing function which can

increase the palatability of feed, promote the secretion of digestive enzymes and

stimulate the appetite, also to the mode of action of probiotics (as one of Biogen

components) which may operate by producing antibiotic substances and inhibiting

harmful bacteria which altering the beneficial microbial metabolism and decrease

intestinal pH (Bayoumi, 2004).

Averages DWG of common carp (Table, 7), the effect of stocking rates (2000 fish of

Grey mullet with 200, 400 and 600 fish of common carp/pond) on DWG, Table 7

showed that, the DWG was 1.79, 1.70 and 1.08, respectively. These results indicate


168

that, the average DWG for first stocking rate was higher than other treatments. The


Averages of Grey mullet DWG, the effect of stocking rates (2000 fish of Grey mullet

with 200, 400 and 600fish of common carp/pond) on DWG, Table 7 showed that, the

DWG was 2.62, 2.45 and 2.35g/fish, respectively.

Table 7: Least-square means and standard errors of the tested factors affecting on Daily weight gain (DWG, g/fish) and Specific growth rate (SGR, %/d).

Variable No. Daily weight gain(DWG),

G/fish

Specific growth rate (SGR),

%/day

Common carp Grey mullet Common carp Grey mullet

General main 270 1.61±0.28b 1.70±0.28a 2.47±0.12 1.93±0.12

Feeding regime (F).

T1 (control) 90 1.78±0.28b 2.47±028b 2.00±0.12b 2.10±0.12a

T2 90 0.94±0.28c 2.14±0.28c 1.04±0.12c 1.75±0.12b T3 90 1.84±0.28a 2.80±0.28a 2.12±0.12a 1.61±0.12c

Stoking rate (SR).

SR1 90 1.79±0.13a 2.62±0.13a 1.73±0.11a 1.84±0.11a SR2 90 1.70±0.13a 2.45±0.13b 1.69±0.11c 1.82±0.11b SR3 90 1.08±0.13b 2.35±0.13c 1.71±0.11b 1.80±0.11c

F*SD

T1*SR1 30 1.96±0.16bc 2.04±0.16b 2.46±0.14c 2.12±0.14a T1*SR2 30 1.89±0.16c 2.02±0.16bc 2.69±0.14bc 2.10±0.14a T1*SR3 30 1.49±0.16cd 1.96±0.16c 2.27±0.14d 2.08±0.14a T2*SR1 30 1.08±0.16d 0.99±0.16e 2.22±0.14d 1.77±0.14b T2*SR2 30 1.01±0.16d 0.94±0.16e 2.24±0.14d 1.75±0.14b T2*SR3 30 0.74±0.16e 1.20±0.16d 1.96±0.14e 1.73±0.14b T3*SR1 30 2.32±0.16a 2.20±0.16a 3.17±0.14a 1.63±0.14c T3*SR2 30 2.19±0.16b 2.15±0.16a 2.41±0.14c 1.61±0.14c T3*SR3 30 1.01±0.16d 2.04±0.16b 2.83±0.14b 1.58±0.14c


These results indicate that, the average DWG for first stocking rate was higher than

other treatments and the differences among treatments were significant (P<0.05). This

result may be attributed to the competition between Grey mullet and Common carp for

the natural food available in the pond. These results are agreement with Ibrahim et

al., (2000) and Uddin (2007).

Results presented in Table (7) show that variation in DWG were significant (P0.05)

due to the interaction between feeding regime and stocking rate. As showed in this

Table, the best DWG was obtained for fish fed on artificial feeding with Biogen (2.32

gm/fish) at stocking rate of 2000 fish of Grey mullet and 200 fish of common carp/pond

Fath El-Bab et al.

169

and higher than obtained in other treatments. While for Grey mullet (GM) the best DWG

was obtained for fish fed on artificial feeding with Biogen (2.20 gm/fish) at stocking rate

of 2000 fish of Grey mullet and 200 fish of common carp/pond were higher than


Specific growth rate (SGR):

Table 7 presents averages of Specific growth rate (SGR) as affected treatments and

stocking rates. As described in this Table the averages of SGR values for CC and GM

was 2.47 and 1.93%/day, respectively.

Concerning the effect of feeding regime on SGR for common carp Table 7, the SGR

was 2.00, 1.04 and 2.12%/day for three treatments T1, T2 and T3 respectively. These

results indicate that, the average SGR for third feeding regime was higher than other


treatments were significant (P<0.05).

Concerning SGR of grey mullet (Table, 7), the effect of feeding regime (artificial

feeding, fish rigir and artificial feeding with 0.2%Biogen) on SGR, Table 7 showed that,

the SGR was 2.10, 1.75 and 1.61%/day, respectively. These results indicate that, the

average of SGR for first feeding regime was higher than other treatments. And the

differences among treatments were significant (P<0.05). Elam (2004) found that SGR

of O. niolticus and Mugil cephalus significantly improved (compared to control) when

the experimental diets enriched by 2 kg Biogen/ton. The improvement in WG and SGR

of fish in group 3 due to the growth promoter effect of Biogen may be attributed to the

fact that Biogen has a particular good flavor and appetizing function which can increase

the palatability of feed, promote the secretion of digestive enzymes and stimulate the

appetite, also to the mode of action of probiotics (as one of Biogen components) which

may operate by producing antibiotic substances and inhibiting harmful bacteria which

altering the beneficial microbial metabolism and decrease intestinal pH (Bayoumi,

2004).

Bayoumi (2004) reported that fish fed artificial diet supplemented with 2g of

Biogen/kg diet exhibited highest SGR. Moreover, the growth stimulating effect may be

also attributed to the various components of Biogen, where allicin has anti- microbial

properties (the product of garlic) and ginseng which could have a growth promoting

ability via prevention and treatment of sub- clinical infections. The same findings were

observed by (Galal et al., 1997). Probiotics are also sometimes expected to have a


170

direct growth promoting effect on fish either by a direct involvement in nutrient uptake,

or by providing nutrients or vitamins (Ringo and Gatesoupe, 1998).

Averages SGR of common carp (Table, 7), the effect of stocking rates (2000 fish of

Grey mullet with 200, 400 and 600 fish of common carp/pond) on SGR, Table 7 showed

that, the SGR was 1.73, 1.69 and 1.71%/day, respectively. These results indicate that,

the average SGR for first stocking rate was higher than other treatments. The

differences among treatments were significant (P<0.05). Uddin (2007) found that,

Specific growth rate of tilapia and silver carp, in polyculture system, during the

experimental intervals decreased due to the interaction between first treatment (poultry

litter) and increasing stocking rates. While due to the interaction between second

feeding treatment and increasing stocking rate, SGR of Nile tilapia increased and SGR of

silver crap decreased.

Averages of Grey mullet SGR, the effect of stocking rates (2000 fish of Grey mullet

with 200, 400 and 600fish of common carp/pond) on SGR, Table 7 showed that, the

SGR was 1.84, 1.82 and 1.80%/day, respectively. These results indicate that, the

average SGR for first stocking rate was higher than other treatments. The differences

among treatments were significant (P<0.05).

Ibrahim et al., (2000) found that, the values of SGR of Nile tilapia due to the

effect of the two factors (feeding regime and stocking rate) were obviously higher than

the values of silver carp. SGR of Nile tilapia from the initial week of the experiment and

within biweekly intervals, show that using supplementary feeding gave higher values

than using poultry litter in most intervals.

Results presented in Table (7) show that variation in SGR were significant (P0.05)

due to the interaction between feeding regime and stocking rate. As showed in this

Table, the best SGR was obtained for fish fed on artificial feeding with Biogen with

(3.17%/day at stocking rate 200 fish of common carp/pond) and higher than obtained

in other treatments. While for Grey mullet (GM) the best SGR was obtained for fish fed

on artificial feeding only (2.20%/day) at stocking rate 200 fish of common carp/pond

were higher than obtained for other feeding regime and stocking rate.

Total yield:

Averages of total yield at the end of the experiment are listed in table (8). As

described in this Table, Grey mullet gained the highest yield 8211.42kg (100% - from all

ponds) compared with 1346.78kg–16.40%gained by Common carp (from all ponds).

Fath El-Bab et al.

171

These results may be attributed to the feeding habits of the two species as described

previously. The total fish production (Common carp + grey mullet) for all feeding

treatments was 9558.20kg from all ponds.

As showed in this Table, the effect of feeding regime on total yield for common carp

Table 8, the total yield was 563.38 (94.28%), 185.86 (31.10%) and 597.54 100%) for

three treatments T1, T2 and T3 respectively. These results indicate that, the average

total yield for third feeding regime was higher than other treatments. Analysis of

variance of results indicated that the differences among treatments were significant

(P<0.05).

Table 6: Total yield of different fish species as affected by feeding treatments.

Variable Common carp Grey mullet

Yield (k) %total yield of

biggest value

Yield (k) %total yield of

biggest value

Total yield 1346.78 16.40% 8211.42 100.00% Feeding regime (F). T1 (control) T2

T3

563.38 185.86

597.54

94.28% 31.1%

100.00%

3350.2 1238.14

3623.08

92.47% 34.17%

100.00% Stoking rate (SR). SR1 296.10 53.45% 2751.68 99.10% SR2 496.68 89.65% 2776.72 100.00% SR3 554.00 100.00% 2683.02 96.63%

T*SD

T1*SR1 113.90 47.21% 1122.66 90.00% T1*SR2 208.24 86.32% 1118.54 89.67% T1*SR3 241.24 100.00% 1109.00 88.91% T2*SR1 139.42 57.80% 404.62 32.44% T2*SR2 171.60 71.13% 410.80 32.93% T2*SR3 174.84 72.48% 422.72 33.89% T3*SR1 142.78 59.19% 1224.40 98.16% T3*SR2 216.84 89.89% 1247.38 100.00% T3*SR3 237.92 98.62% 1151.30 92.30%

(Green, 1992, Diana et al., 1994; 1996, Brown et al., 2000) indicates that

either phytoplankton may not be enough to meet protein requirement of fish or that fish

could not efficiently assimilate the produced phytoplankton in these ponds. Barash and

Schroeder (1984) found that the substitution of 46% of the pellets by fermented cow

manure did not reduce the total fish yield but the complete substitution of the pellets by

fermented cow manure caused a 47% decrease in the total yield. Fath el-Bab et al.


172

(2011) reported that, These findings may be due to the fact that under organic and in-

organic system an interspecies competition on natural food occurred and this is

reflected on total yield. This phenomenon appeared too with other fish species through

the same treatment. Saleh (2007) incorporated Biogen in Shrimp, Penaeus japonicus

diets at levels of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3% and he found that, at the 1th, 2th, 3th, 4th, 5th and

6th weeks from the experimental start, survival rate significantly increased as Biogen

level increased from 0 to 0.1% then it decreased at level of 0.3%.

Concerning total yield of grey mullet (Table, 8), the effect of feeding regime

(artificial feeding, fish rigir and artificial feeding with 0.2%Biogen) on total yield, Table 8

showed that, the total yield was 3350.20 (92.47%), 1238.14 (34.17%) and 3623.08kg

(100%), respectively. These results indicate that, the average of total yield for third

feeding regime was higher than other treatments.

The effect of stocking rates on total yield for common carp Table 8, the total yield

was 296.10 (53.45%), 496.68 (89.65%) and 554.00kg (100%) for three treatments T1,

T2 and T3 respectively. These results indicate that, the average total yield for third

feeding regime was higher than other treatments. Analysis of variance of results

indicated that the differences among treatments were significant (P<0.05).

As showed in this Table, the effect of feeding regime (artificial feeding, fish rigir and

artificial feeding with 0.2%Biogen) on total yield of grey mullet (Table, 8) the total yield

was 2751.68 (99.10%), 2776.72 (100%) and 2683.02 (100%), respectively. These

results indicate that, the average of total yield for second feeding regime was higher

than other treatments.

(Abdel-Ghany, et al; 1995), who reported that, the survival of the grey mullet M.

cephalus exceeded 97 % and it did not appear to be affected by quantity or quality of

food. Also, they in agreement with findings of (El-Sayed; 2002, and Eid, 2006), who

found that fish survival percentage, weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR %)

negativelycorrelated with stocking density.

Results presented in Table (8) show that variation in total yield were significant


this Table, the best total yield was obtained for fish fed on artificial feeding with Biogen

(241.24 100%) at stocking rate of 2000 fish of Grey mullet and 200 fish of common

carp/pond and higher than obtained in other treatments. While for Grey mullet (GM) the

best total yield was obtained for fish fed on artificial feeding with Biogen (1247.38

Fath El-Bab et al.

173

100%) at stocking rate of 2000 fish of Grey mullet and 200 fish of common carp/pond

were higher than obtained for other feeding regime and stocking rate. This may indicate

that for when mullet fish fed on fish 0.2%rigir, as showed in this table the total yield of

mullet decreased with each increase in the stocking rate of Common carp. These

findings may due to the fact that under this fertilization system an interspecies

competition on natural food occurred and this is reflected negatively on total yield of

mullet. Ibrahim et al., (2000) and Uddin (2007) who reported trhat, The interaction

between type of feeding and stocking rate was found to be significant. This may

indicate that for tilapia fish under the manuring system, the total yield of tilapia

decreased with each increase in the stocking rate of silver carp.

Economic evaluation

Table (9) shows the results of economical evaluation including the costs and returns for

treatments applied in kg /½ feddan and income in (L.E) for 140 days. All of the

treatments in this experiment generated a profit (Table 9). Total costs were 6019.5,

6119.5, 6219.5, 22880.84, 24346.46, 25902.7, 25192.62, 26048.16 and 26583.88L.E/½

feddan T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8 and T9, respectively. and net returns in L.E per

½feddan were 1031.03, 1278.24, 1466.92, 5359.21, 3963.68, 2944.70, 5950.18,

6176.70 and 3341.86LE for T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8 and T9, respectively. These

results revealed that, T8 (2000 fingerlings mullet and 400 fingerlings Common carp fed

on artificial feeding with 0.2%Biogen) was higher than treatments of net returns in L.E

per ½feddan. Percentages of net return to total cost were 14.84%, 18.12%, 20.49%,

21.63%, 15.05%, 10.53%, 21.86%, 21.96% and 11.65% for T1, T2, T3, T4,

T5, T6, T7, T8 and T9, respectively. These results revealed that the total cost of (T1,

T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8and T9), and a net return of T8 (4000 fingerlings mullet and

800 fingerlings Common carp fed on artificial feeding with 0.2%Biogen) was the highest

folowed by T7 (4000 fingerlings mullet and 400 fingerlings Common carp fed on artificial

feeding with 0.2%Biogen), and the lowest net return was T6 ( fish fed on artificial

feeding at stocking rate 4000 mullet and 1200 Common carp).

These results indicated that, feeding of Grey mullet (2000 fish) in polyculture with

Common carp (400 fish) in earthen ponds (½ feddan) on on artificial feeding containing

30% crude protein with 0.2% Biogen resulted in best Net return (3014.52LE/½ feddan)

compared to the other treatments.

CONCLUSION

Based on results obtained in this study and on the economical evaluation, it could

be concluded that , the use of artificial feeding 30% crude protein with 0.2% Biogen of


174

3% of total biomass of Grey mullet and Common carp in erthen fish ponds culture.

From the economical point of view, this treatment seemed to be the best in terms of

ratio of returns to feddan. The current study offers different systems for fish farming

could be used in areas with limited possibilities and by the ability of each farmer

material. A farmer with limited possibilities can fish by feeding fish by Fish Rigir, either

farms with high potential can be relied on in aquaculture nutrition and industrial 0.2%

Biogen well as a catalyst for growth through increased utilization of food provided to

Fish.


175

Table 7: The effect of the experimental diets on economic efficiency (LE/¼Feddan)

Items Treatments

T1 T2 T3 T3 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9

1- Variable costs (LE/½Feddan)

a. costs of fish fingerlings: C. carp 100 200 300 100 200 300 100 200 300

G. Mullet 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200

b. Feeds 19580.84 20946.46 22402.7 0 0 0 21232.62 21968.16 22383.88

c. fish rigir 0 0 0 2719.5 2719.5 2719.5 0 0 0

d. Biogen 0 0 0 0 0 0 660 680 700 Total variable costs (LE/½Feddan) 22880.84 24346.46 25902.7 6019.5 6119.5 6219.5 25192.62 26048.16 26583.88

2- Fixed costs (LE/½Feddan)

a. Depreciation (materials&others) 10% 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 b. Taxes 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 Total fixed costs (LE/½Feddan) 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 Total operating costs (variable&fixed) 23430.84 24896.46 26452.7 6569.5 6669.5 6769.5 25742.62 26598.16 27133.88 Interest on working capital * 1348.07 1432.40 1521.94 377.97 383.72 389.48 1481.08 1530.30 1561.13 Total costs 24778.91 26328.86 27974.63 6947.47 7053.22 7158.98 27223.70 28128.46 28695.01 % of the smallest value 357 379 403 100 102 103 392 405 413 Total return (LE) ** CC

GM 1195.95 28942.17

2150.08 28142.46

2551.11 28368.22

290.72 7687.78

526.26 7805.2

551.945 8073.95

1559.87 31614.0

2347.29 31957.87

2563.59 29473.28

Total 30138.12 30292.54 30919.33 7978.5 8331.46 8625.9 33173.88 34305.17 32036.87 Net return (LE/½Feddan) 5359.21 3963.68 2944.70 1031.03 1278.24 1466.92 5950.18 6176.70 3341.86 % of the smallest value of net return 519.79 384.44 285.61 100.00 123.98 142.28 577.11 599.08 324.13 % Net returns to total costs 21.63 15.05 10.53 14.84 18.12 20.49 21.86 21.96 11.65

* 15% × total operating costs × 140/365 days. ** The economical evaluation of results was carried out according to market prices in 2012 in LE. C. carp = LE 250 /1000 fry. G. mullet = LE 800 /1000 fry. Fish rigir = LE 1850/1000 Kg. Biogen = LE 50/kg. Fish feed (30% protein) = LE 3200 /1000 Kg.


176

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ربىالملخص الع لعادى اعلى أداء النمو ألسماك المبروك البيوجين، فيش ريجر ومعدل التخزين تأثير

والبورى أحمد فاروق فتح الباب ، أمل سيد حسن ومحمد التميمى عبده مصطفى

.مصرالمعمل المركزى لبحوث الثروة السمكية ، مركز البحوث الزراعية ، وزارة الزراعة ، تأثير التسميد بواسطة فيش ريجر، إضافات األعالف )بيوجين( و معدل هذه الدراسة هو تقييم تهدف

ة عشر ثماني تم استخدام. التخزين في إنتاجية أألحواض الترابية المستزرعة بأسماك المبروك العادى والبوري تم , لكل حوض البورى من إصبعيات 2000بمعدل تخزينم( 100 21حوض ترابى، مساحة الحوض )

، ثالثة معدالت )الثمانية عشر إلى ثالث مجموعات ، كل مجموعة مكونة من ستة أحواضتقسيم أألحواض من اسماك المبروك العادى لكل حوض( ، تمت معاملة سمكة600و 200،400التخزين مع مكررين بمعدل

٪ بروتين خام ، المجموعة الثانية عوملت 30المجموعة األولى عن طريق تغذية اصطناعية تحتوي على كجم من الفيش ريجر كل أسبوع لكل حوض وعوملت المجموعة الثالثة بتغذية صناعية 52.5تسميد مع بال

بمعدل وزن تم تسكين إصبعيات المبروك العادى والبوري .٪ بيوجين0.2٪ بروتين الخام مع 30تحتوى على الث جم على التوالى بشكل عشوائي وذلك الختبار المعامالت واالضافات مع ث13.67و 7.54

ويمكن تلخيص النتائج المتحصل عليها على النحو التالي :. معدالت تخزين أسماك المبروك العادى:

ت من ٪ بيوجين أعلى معدال0.2سجلت المعاملة الثالثة والمغذاة تغذية صناعية مع نظام التغذية: النوعى.وزن الجسم، طول الجسم، ومعامل الحالة، الزيادة اليومية فى الوزن و معدل النمو

إصبعية 400إصبعة من أسماك البوري + 2000) الثانىسجل معدل التخزين معدالت التخزين:من اسماك المبروك العادى/ الحوض( أعلى معدل من وزن الجسم ، طول الجسم، ومعامل الحالة،

والزيادة اليومية فى الوزن و معدل النمو. أسماك البورى:ت من ٪ بيوجين أعلى معدال0.2الثة والمغذاة تغذية صناعية مع سجلت المعاملة الث نظام التغذية:

وزن الجسم، طول الجسم، ومعامل الحالة، الزيادة اليومية فى الوزن و معدل النمو النوعى.


182

إصبعية 400إصبعة من أسماك البوري + 2000) الثانىسجل معدل التخزين معدالت التخزين:معدل من وزن الجسم ، طول الجسم، ومعامل الحالة، من اسماك المبروك العادى/ الحوض( أعلى

والزيادة اليومية فى الوزن و معدل النمو.استنادا إلى النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها في هذه الدراسة و على التقييم االقتصادي ، يمكن أن

2000ية )نخلص إلى أن أسماك البوري و المبروك العادى يمكن استزراعهما معا في األحواض الترابإصبعية من اسماك المبروك العادى/الحوض( حيث تحسنت قياسات 400إصبعة من أسماك البوري +

٪ 0.2٪ من البروتين الخام مضاف الىها 30النمو فى األسماك التى تغذت على عليقة تحتوى على لتكاليف.أفضل نسبة من العائدات إلى إجمالي ا علىبيوجين. وقد انعكست اقتصاديات هذه المعاملة

.دللمزارع ذوي الدخل المحدو الثمن رخيصغذية تكما يمكن إستخدام فيش ريجر كمصدر


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EFFECT OF BIOGEN, FISH RIGIR AND STOCKING RATE ON...

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