Effect of an enzyme-treated soy protein on the performance of broiler chickens infected or uninfected with Clostridium perfringens

Rasmussen, S.H.1, Blanch, A.1, Lumpkins, B.S.2, Mathis, G.F.2, Brøkner, C.1

1Hamlet Protein A/S, Saturnvej 51, 8700 Horsens, Denmark2Southern Poultry Feed and Research, Inc. 30607-3153 Athens, Georgia, United States

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• Intestinal microbiome and immune system in symbiotic homeostasis

Physiological Inflammation

• Acute response to infections or toxins

Pathological Inflammation

• Low-grade chronic inflammation

• Response to a chemical, physical and metabolic stimuli (e.g. ANF from dietary components)

Sterile Inflammation

• Chronic low-grade inflammation generated by excessive nutrient intake

Metabolic Inflammation

Source: Kogut et al., 2018

Background: gut inflammations in poultry

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Background: main anti nutritional factors (ANF) in soy

• Trypsin inhibitors

•Oligosaccharides

• Antigens (β-conglycinin)

4

Background: TIA and oligosaccharides content in SBM by origin

USA (n=180) BRA (n=165) ARG (n=170)

Determined Range CV (%) Range CV (%) Range CV (%)

TIA(mg/g DM)

1.4-5.5 22.1 1.8-4.7 18.9 1.4-4.6 20.2

Stachyose(%)

4.32-8.26 8.4 3.65-7.34 10.1 3.73-7.10 9.5

Raffinose(%)

0.6-1.86 25.9 0.9-2.57 17.2 0.9-2.01 14.2

Source: García-Rebollar et al., 2016

5

65.3

56.1 54.4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1.9 6.21 8.46

Dietary TIA content

Protein digestibility (%)

Background: effect of dietary TIA content on protein digestibility and Clostridium perfringens lesion scores in chickens

1.65

1.882.02

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

1.9 6.21 8.46

Dietary TIA content

NE lesion score in ileum

Source: Palliyeguru et al., 2011

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Background: oligosaccharides content in SBM

Source: Perryman et al., 2013

Incidence of pododermatitis in broilers fed diets containing control SBM (CSBM), low oligosaccharidesoybean meal (LOSBM), or ultra-low oligosaccharide soybean meal (ULSBM) at 42 d of age

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Background: effect of β-conglycinin on morphological structure of duodenum in rats

a Control groupb 5 mg β-conglycinin/animal

Source: Guo et al., 2008

Focal necrosis andexfoliation appeared in the intestinal villus

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Background: effect of protein source (SBM or SBP isolate), type of fiber and coccidian challenge on pro-inflammatory cytokines in duodenum of chickens

White bars: SBMBlack bars: SP Isolate

Source: Faber et al., 2012

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To assess the effect of the inclusion of an enzyme-treated soy protein (ESP)* in starter feed, with or without antibiotic growth promoter, on the performance of Clostridium perfringens infected/uninfected chickens.

Objective

*HP AviStart, Hamlet Protein A/S, Denmark

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Materials and methods: experimental treatments

Treatment ESP (0-14 days)5%

BMD (0-42 days)55 ppm

C. perfringens challenge

T1 NO NO NO

T2 NO NO YES

T3 YES NO NO

T4 YES NO YES

T5 NO YES NO

T6 NO YES YES

T7 YES YES NO

T8 YES YES YES

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Materials and methods: animals and housing

Experimental facility: floor pen unit, Southern Poultry Feed & Research, Inc., 96

Roquemore Rd., Athens, GA

1600 day-of-hatch Cobb 500 male chickens

64 pens of 25 broilers per pen (8 treatments x 8 pens x 25 birds)

Only healthy appearing chickens. No bird replacement. No concomitant drug therapy

Commercial coccidia vaccine (day 0).

Built up litter (four inches) with a coating of fresh pine shavings

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Materials and methods: feed compositionStarter feed

T1, T2, T5, T6 T3, T4, T7, T8

Corn 53.74 54.99

SBM 38.83 32.45

ESP 5.00

Vegetable oil 3.21 3.39

Dicalcium phosphate 2.04 1.92

Calcium carbonate 0.95 1.02

Salt (NaCl) 0.39 0.39

Methionine (MHA) 0.38 0.37

L-Lysine 0.22 0.23

L-Threonine 98.5 0.10 0.10

Trace mineral 0.08 0.08

Vitamin premix 0.07 0.07Nutrient composition, % as-is

Crude protein 22.00 22.00

Calcium 0.90 0.90

Phosphor, total 0.76 0.74

ME, Mcal/kg 3008.00 3008.00

Diets were fed ad libitum. During the grower (days 15-28) and finisher period (days 29-42) the birds were all fed the same diet, except for treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 where no AGP (BMD) was used throughout the study.

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Materials and methods: challenge model

On days 19, 20 and 21, T2, T4, T6 and T8 birds were challenged with a C.

perfringens inoculum by mixing it with feed in the base of the tube feeders

Titration levels were approx. 1.0 X 108-9 cfu/chicken

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Materials and methods: assessments

Soy ANFs were analyzed in SBM and ESP by Hamlet Protein Inc. Findlay (Ohio)

Body weight (BW) and feed intake (FI) were recorded at study initiation (day

0) and days 14, 28 and 42.

BW gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) calculated for each phase and for the

entire experimental period

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Materials and methods: assessments

Mortality checked every day and necropsy performed on all dead or culled

chickens

ANOVA for completely randomized design and LSD comparison test by using

the general linear model procedures. Significance p<0.05

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Results: ANF in SBM and ESP

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Results: ANF in basal diets

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Results: 0-14 days

Treatments Adj. FCR

BW gain

(kg/bird)

CONTROLS (T1 and T2) 1.382a±0.062 0.216b±0.029

ESP 5% (T3 and T4) 1.323b±0.098 0.241a±0.032

BMD 55ppm (T5 and T6) 1.325b±0.067 0.243a±0.028

ESP 5% + BMD 55ppm (T7 and T8) 1.289b±0.058 0.243a±0.027

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Results: 0-28 daysTreatment Adj. FCR BW gain (kg/bird)

T1 1.571b ± 0.062 1.078ab ± 0.089

T2 Control + challenge 1.704a ± 0.066 0.830d ± 0.157

T3 ESP 5% 1.509bc ± 0.038 1.077ab ± 0.159

T4 ESP 5% + challenge 1.663a ± 0.174 0.998bc ± 0.118

T5 BMD 55 ppm 1.544bc ± 0.066 1.135a ± 0.086

T6 BMD 55 ppm +

challenge1.552b ± 0.069 1.005bc ± 0.082

T7 ESP 5% + BMD 55 ppm 1.460c ± 0.055 1.111ab ± 0.141

T8 ESP 5% + BMD 55 ppm

+ challenge1.524bc ± 0.070 0.949c ± 0.096

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Results: 0-42 daysTreatment Adj. FCR BW gain

T1 Control 1.790bc ± 0.032 2.306a ± 0.087

T2 1.858a ± 0.046 2.089b ± 0.150

T3 ESP 5% 1.753d ± 0.027 2.297a ± 0.123

T4 ESP 5% + challenge 1.803b ± 0.049 2.295a ± 0.138

T5 BMD 55 ppm 1.746d ± 0.019 2.350a ± 0.144

T6 BMD 55 ppm + challenge 1.763cd ± 0.026 2.307a ± 0.066

T7 ESP 5% + BMD 55 ppm 1.709e ± 0.011 2.360a ± 0.158

T8 ESP 5% + BMD 55 ppm +

challenge1.762cd ± 0.021 2.336a ± 0.204

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Results: 0-42 days (uninfected birds)

2306a 2297a2350a 2360a

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2200

2400

2600

Control(uninfected)

ESP(uninfected)

BMD(uninfected)

ESP + BMD(uninfected)

(g)

Weight Gain (42 days)

1.79a

1.75b 1.75b

1.71c

1.66

1.68

1.7

1.72

1.74

1.76

1.78

1.8

Control(uninfected)

ESP(uninfected)

BMD(uninfected)

ESP + BMD(uninfected)

FCR (42 days)

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Results: 0-42 days (infected birds)

2306a

2089b

2295a2307a

2336a

1950

2000

2050

2100

2150

2200

2250

2300

2350

2400

Control(uninfected)

Control(infected)

ESP(infected)

BMD(infected)

ESP + BMD(infected)

(g)

Weight Gain (42 days)

1.79bc

1.86a

1.8b

1.76c 1.76c

1.7

1.72

1.74

1.76

1.78

1.8

1.82

1.84

1.86

1.88

Control(uninfected)

Control(infected)

ESP(infected)

BMD(infected)

ESP + BMD(infected)

FCR (42 days)

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Results: NE mortality

Treatment

T1 Control 0.00b

T2 4.76a

T3 ESP 5% 0.00b

T4 ESP 5% + challenge

T5 BMD 55 ppm 0.00b

T6 BMD 55 ppm + challenge

T7 ESP 5% + BMD 55 ppm 0.00b

T8 ESP 5% + BMD 55 ppm +

challenge

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The inclusion of ESP (5%) and/or BMD (55 ppm) in the starter feed significantly improved BW gain and FCR of coccidian-vaccinated chickens from 0 to 14 days of life

The addition of ESP (5%) in the starter feed and/or BMD (55 ppm) through the entire feeding period significantly improved FCR of coccidian-vaccinated chickens from 0 to 42 days of life (unchallenged birds)

ESP (5%) in the starter feed, with or without BMD (55 ppm) through the entire feeding period, equals the performance of Clostridium perfringens-infected broiler chickens to that of uninfected chickens

Conclusions

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The inclusion of ESP, with a very low content of ANFs, in starter feed may be a suitable tool to maintain the performance of the birds when it comes to coccidia vaccine and/or ABF broiler production systems

Take-home message

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Thanks for your attention!

Questions?

abl@hamletprotein.com