EETO-070309-factfile-web1eeas.europa.eu/.../taiwan/documents/more_info/eeto-070309-factfile… ·...
Transcript of EETO-070309-factfile-web1eeas.europa.eu/.../taiwan/documents/more_info/eeto-070309-factfile… ·...
ContentsOverview ........................................................................................................ 2
1. Trade Relations
1.1 Trade in goods .............................................................................................. 3
1.2 Trade in services ........................................................................................... 4
1.3 Rankings: imports, exports and overall trade volume .................................. 5
1.4 Comparison of EU-Taiwan trade with other main trading partners .............. 7
1.5 Trade by European Union Member States ................................................... 9
1.6 Structure by product ................................................................................... 12
2. Investment flows and stocks
...................... 14
2.2 Taiwan’s FDI in the EU: unrealised potential ............................................... 15
3. European presence in Taiwan & people-to-people exchanges
3.1 Europeans in Taiwan ................................................................................... 16
3.2 Taiwanese visitors to the EU ....................................................................... 16
3.3 Taiwanese students in the EU ..................................................................... 17
..................................................................................................................................... 18
1.
1.1 ..................................................................................................... 19
1.2 ..................................................................................................... 20
1.3 : ............................................................... 21
1.4 .......................................................... 23
1.5 ......................................................................... 25
1.6 ..................................................................................................... 27
2.
2.1 : ..................................................... 29
2.2 : ............................................................... 30
3.
3.1 ........................................................................................... 31
3.2 ....................................................................................... 31
3.3 ....................................................................................... 32
2
Overview
recession, as a consequence of which GDP in the EU-27 area grew by only 0.9 % in 2008
(Eurostat figures). With its high dependency on exports, the Taiwanese economy is very
vulnerable to global economic downturns. The Taiwanese Directorate-General for Budget,
Accounting and Statistics (DGBAS) announced that Taiwan’s GDP grew only 0.1 % in 2008,
which was the lowest growth rate since 2001, when it stood at minus 2.1 %.
€39bn to €35bn. Nevertheless, 15 out of 27 Member States traded more with Taiwan than the
year before, and the EU was able to slightly reduce its trade deficit. Taiwan’s place among
Europe’s trading partners fell from 13th to 21st. The drop in ranking mainly results from the
jump by oil and gas exporting countries (Algeria, Ukraine, Libya) on the back of high oil prices
The structure of trade in goods shows that the EU is still a key industrial partner for Taiwan,
According to Taiwanese statistics, Taiwan’s trade with the EU in NTD remained almost at the
same level in 2008. Meanwhile, Taiwan’s trade with China almost stalled in 2008 after growing
by an average of 15 % from 2000 to 2007. Trade in services grew by €1bn or 20 % in 2007,
and was equivalent to almost 16 % of the overall trade in goods.
The EU holds 26 % of all FDI stocks in Taiwan, 1 % up on 2007. However, fresh FDI from the
EU to Taiwan fell, so that the EU is now only in second place after the US as the biggest foreign
investor.
Key figures
Overall trade volume between the EU and
Taiwan contracted by 9 %
European exports fell for the first time since 2001.
Taiwan dropped from 13th to 21st place among the EU’s trading partners
Overall trade in services grew by 20 %
3
Trade relations
1.1 Trade in goods
There are discrepancies between Eurostat’s trade statistics and Taiwan customs statistics,
among other things due to variations in exchange rates. There are also changes within Eurostat
2007 onwards refer to the EU-27, i.e. the EU with 27 Member States, including the two new
Member States (Romania and Bulgaria) which joined the EU on 1 January 2007. For reasons of
Compared to 2007, the trade volume in euros between the EU and Taiwan shrank by 9 %.
Taiwanese imports from the EU dropped 13 %, but Taiwan’s exports to the EU fell by only 8 %.
although its cover rate fell from 50 % to only 45 %.
growth rates in the EU-27 area and Taiwan were considerably lower in 2008 than in previous
years, at 0.9 and 0.1 % respectively.
Table 1: Trade in goods between the EU and TaiwanSource: Eurostat (€bn); EU-15 until 2003, EU-25 since 2004, EU-27 since 2007
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
EU exports to Taiwan
12.0 15.1 13.4 11.9 11.0 12.9 13.1 13.2 13.3 11.6
Annual growth rate +25.8 -11.3 -11.2 -7.6 +16.8 +1.3 +1.3 +0.8 -13
EU imports from Taiwan
21.3 28.3 26.0 23.2 22.6 23.9 24.1 26.7 26.1 24.1
Annual growth rate +32.9 -8.1 -10.8 -3.4 +5.7 +0.9 +10.7 -2.2 -8
Total 33.3 43.4 39.4 35.1 33.7 36.8 37.2 39.9 39.4 35.7
Annual growth rate +30.3 -9.2 -10.9 -5.1 +9.2 +1.1 +7.3 -1.3 -9.4
Balance for the EU -9.3 -13.2 -12.5 -11.3 -11.6 -11.0 -11.0 -13.5 -12.8 -12.4
1
EU tradedeficit stable at €12.4bn
EU-Taiwan trade in goods contracted by 9 % in 2008
4
Trade between the EU and Taiwan is heavily dominated by machinery and electrical goods,
which showed a sharp contraction in the second half of the year. The global reduction of
liquidity due to the credit crisis also meant that bigger investments, replacement of machinery
or new stock orders were all postponed, explaining the decline in the trade relationship. In the
overall ranking, Taiwan moved down from 12th place to 21st among the EU’s main trading
partners, although this is partly due to commodity exporting countries such as Algeria, Ukraine
or Libya overtaking Taiwan. Since in the first half of 2008 energy prices rose steeply, these
countries easily climbed up the ranking.
1.2 Trade in services:
Trade in services between the EU and Taiwan grew in 2007 from €5.2bn to €6.2bn. The EU
increased its service exports to Taiwan, but there was also a 25 % rise in imports into the EU
from Taiwan. The value of trade in services in 2007 rose to almost 16 % of the overall trade in
goods.
The strong growth of Taiwanese services exported to Europe reduced the EU’s surplus
moderately – down from €1.4bn to €1.2bn. The total size of the surplus in services still pales in
EU-Taiwan trade in services grew by 20 %
Table 2: Trade in services between the EU and TaiwanSource: Eurostat (€bn); EU-15 until 2003, EU-25 since 2004, EU-27 since 2007
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
EU exports to Taiwan 2.0 2.0 2.4 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.7
EU imports from Taiwan
1.8 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.5
Total 3.8 3.8 4.5 5.3 5.2 5.2 6.2
Balance for the EU 0.2 0.2 0.3 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.2
5
1.3 Rankings: imports, exports and overall trade volume
In the overall ranking Taiwan dropped from 13th to 21st place. Countries such as India and Brazil, that used to be on a par with Taiwan, have overtaken it in the past year, so that Taiwan is now in the same league as Australia and Mexico among the EU’s trading partners.
On the import side, Taiwan lost only one place, from 12th to 13th, exporting €24.1bn worth of goods to the EU compared to €26bn in 2007. Its share of the EU’s total imports dropped from 1.8 % to 1.6 %. It is interesting to note that while Taiwan’s exports to the EU shrank by €2bn, Korea’s exports to the EU remained unchanged.
EU exports to Taiwan fell by 13 %, so that Taiwan moved down five places in the ranking to become the 27th largest client of the EU, purchasing 0.9 % of total EU goods. This has further widened the gap with other Asian countries. Although Taiwan in 2008 took steps on the way to joining the WTO Government Procurement Agreement, there are still a number of market
Taiwanese market.
Table 3: A The EU’s leading trade partnersSource: DG Trade, European Commission (€m)
The EU does not exploit the full potential of the
Taiwanese market
The Major Imports Partners
RK Partners Million euro %
Extra EU27 1,550,587 100.0%
1 China 247,628 16.0 %
2 USA 186,276 12.0 %
3 Russia 173,214 11.2 %
4 Norway 91,923 5.9 %
5 Switzerland 80,026 5.2 %
6 Japan 74,713 4.8 %
7 Turkey 45,880 3.0 %
8 South Africa 39,145 2.5 %
9 Brazil 35,461 2.3 %
10 Libya 34,145 2.2 %
11 India 29,381 1.9 %
12 Algeria 28,541 1.8 %
13 Taiwan 24,059 1.6 %
14 Canada 23,772 1.5 %
15 South Africa 22,159 1.4 %
16 Saudi Arabia 21,111 1.4 %
17 Malaysia 17,529 1.1 %
18 Kasakhstan 17,262 1.1 %
19 Thailand 17,130 1.1 %
20 Singapore 16,173 1.0 %
The Major Imports Partners
RK Partners Million euro %
Extra EU27 1,550,587 100.0%
21 Nigeria 15,386 1.0 %
22 Ukraine 14,300 0.9 %
23 Iran 14,174 0.9 %
24 Mexico 13,806 0.9 %
25 Indonesia 13,440 0.9 %
26 Hong Kong 11,419 0.7 %
27 Chile 11,259 0.7 %
28 Australia 11,219 0.7 %
29 Israel 11,188 0.7 %
30 Azerbaijan 10,549 0.7 %
6
table, without ‘N.det.Extra’ and ‘Stores&Provisions’, Taiwan would be ranked 25th export partner.
The Major Exports Partners
RK PartnersMillioneuro
%
Extra EU27 1,550,587 100.0%
1 USA 249,282 19.0 %
2 Russia 105,155 8.0 %
3 Switzerland 97,584 7.5 %
4 China 78,383 6.0 %
5 Turkey 54,242 4.1 %
6 Norway 43,580 3.3 %
7 Japan 42,352 3.2 %
8 U.A.Emirates 31,662 2.4 %
9 India 31,509 2.4 %
10 Brazil 26,304 2.0 %
11 Canada 26,114 2.0 %
12 South Korea 25,634 2.0 %
13 Australia 25,172 1.9 %
14 Ukraine 25,135 1.9 %
15 Mexico 22,042 1.7 %
16 Singapore 21,958 1.7 %
17 Saudi Arabia 21,236 1.6 %
18 Hong Kong 21,066 1.6 %
19 South Africa 20,217 1.5 %
20 Algeria 15,302 1.2 %
21 N. det.Extra 14,562 1.1 %
22 Morocco 14,403 1.1 %
23 Croatia 14,317 1.1 %
24 Israel 14,063 1.1 %
25 Stores and provis 13,187 1.1 %
26 Egypt 12,711 1.0 %
27 Taiwan 11,629 0.9 %
28 Malaysia 11,542 0.9 %
29 Iran 11,360 0.9 %
30 Nigeria 11,203 0.9 %
The Major Trading Partners
RK PartnersMillioneuro
%
Extra EU27 2,859,971 100.0%
1 USA 435,560 15.2 %
2 China 326,011 11.4 %
3 Russia 278,369 9.7 %
4 Switzerland 177,610 6.2 %
5 Norway 135,504 4.7 %
6 Japan 117,065 4.1 %
7 Turkey 100,122 3.5 %
8 South Korea 65,018 2.3 %
9 Brazil 61,765 2.2 %
10 India 60,890 2.1 %
11 Canada 49,886 1.7 %
12 Algeria 43,843 1.5 %
13 South Africa 42,376 1.5 %
14 Saudi Arabia 42,347 1.5 %
15 Libya 39,880 1.4 %
16 Ukraine 39,435 1.4 %
17 Singapore 38,131 1.3 %
18 U.A.Emirates 37,483 1.3 %
19 Australia 36,391 1.3 %
20 Mexico 35,848 1.3 %
21 Taiwan 35,688 1.2 %
22 Hong Kong 32,485 1.1 %
23 Malaysia 29,071 1.0 %
24 Nigeria 26,589 0.9 %
25 Thailand 25,616 0.9 %
26 Iran 25,535 0.9 %
27 Israel 25,251 0.9 %
28 N. det.Extra 23,483 0.8 %
29 Kasakhstan 22,932 0.8 %
30 Morocco 22,760 0.8 %
Taiwan drops from 22nd largest EU export
market to 27th
7
1.4 Comparison of EU-Taiwan trade with other main trading partners
trade with India however grew by 7 %. Because European exports to Taiwan dropped more
than Taiwan’s exports to the EU, the cover rate decreased from 50 % to only 45 %.
The EU is still Taiwan’s 4th largest trading partner
Figure 1: Trade between the EU and Taiwan since 1990Source: Taiwan Customs Statistics (US$ bn)
Table 4: The EU’s trade with its main Asian partners in 2008Source: Eurostat (€bn)
China Japan Korea India Taiwan
Trade volume 325 116 64 60 35
Exports from EU 78 42 25 31 11
Imports into EU 247 74 39 29 24
Balance -169 -32 -14 +2 -13
Cover rate31 % 56 % 64 % 106 % 45 %
Trabe between the EU and Taiwan since 1990(bn USD-Source: Taiwan Customs Statis-EU-27 since 2007)
50454035302520151050
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Total trade EU imports EU exports
Taiwan’s trade with China stalled for the first time since 2001
8
(€14bn), the total volume of EU trade with Korea is 85 % larger.
According to Taiwanese statistics, Taiwan’s trade with China in 2008 almost stalled, after
growing on average 15 % between 2000 and 2007. Total trade with Japan showed a slight
increase, whereas trade with the US decreased. The EU has remained in 4th place in the
ranking of Taiwan’s biggest trade partners.
Figure 2: Share of Taiwan’s external trade Source: Taiwan Customs Statistics
Figure 3: Taiwan’s trade with its main partners Source: Taiwan Customs Statistics (US$bn)
Taiwan’s Trade with its main Partners(bn USD-2008-Source: Taiwan Customs Statistics)
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
China (incl. HK) Japen USA EU
Share of Taiwan’s External Trade (2008)
Others, 23.66%
Australia, 2.37%
Malaysia, 2.48%
Singapure, 3.33%
South Korea,4.41%
Saudi Arabia,3.26%
EU, 9.37% USA, 11.51%
Japan, 12.91%
China, 26.7%
9
1.5 Trade with European Union Member States
The EU’s single market and the free movement of goods on that market make it difficult to
Due to its leading position on the world market in areas such as machine tools and other
mechanical equipment, Germany is still Taiwan’s largest trading partner within the EU. German
statistics in 2008 recorded a moderate 3% decline year on year, while the Taiwanese Ministry
of Finance published a rate of 17,3% increase in trade over the same period of time. According
to this data, Germany traded almost twice as much as the second-ranked Netherlands, which
countries account for more than 70 % of EU-Taiwan trade.
Poland and Estonia showed a sharp drop in trading volume, whereas Romania and Bulgaria
still recorded a healthy increase in overall trade levels. In total, 15 out of the 27 Member States
traded more with Taiwan than in 2007, with Spain following Germany with a 15 % increase in
its trade.
2008 marked the end of a period of growth in
bilateral trade since 2002
10
Table 5: Taiwan’s trade with EU Member States in 2008 Source: Taiwanese Directorate-General of Customs, Ministry of Finance; (US$m)
EU exports EU imports Total 2007 Balance 2007
Germany 7478 5730 13209 12047 1748 2043
Netherlands 2356 4565 6921 7091 -2209 -1565
UK 1917 3630 5447 5420 -1713 -1642
Italy 1635 2449 4084 3866 -814 -928
France 2292 1730 4022 4061 562 693
Spain 482 1859 2342 1987 -1377 -1095
Belgium 592 1181 1773 1665 -589 -577
Finland 501 945 1446 1498 -444 -236
Sweden 553 706 1259 1100 -153 -58
Austria 480 467 947 1080 13 104
Hungary 91 557 648 867 -466 -731
Poland 92 715 807 855 -623 -677
Ireland 384 309 693 814 75 -18
Denmark 230 488 718 806 -258 -356
Slovakia 36 437 473 573 -401 -461
Portugal 40 548 588 459 -508 -375
Czech Rep. 104 482 586 434 -378 -228
Greece 91 276 367 317 -185 -193
Cyprus 49 5 54 234 44 201
Estonia 10 133 143 202 -123 -68
Malta 38 42 81 186 -4 -32
Romania 67 146 213 173 79 -89
Luxembourg 41 105 146 141 -64 -95
Lithuania 12 136 148 141 -124 -119
Bulgaria 24 144 168 111 -120 -67
Latvia 10 126 136 106 -116 -92
Slovenia 29 90 119 88 -61 -56
Germany is still the singlelargest trading partner
among the Member States
11
Figure 4: Trade volume between the EU-27 and TaiwanSource: Taiwan Customs Statistics (US$m)
Figure 5: Share of EU trade volume with Taiwan in 2008 Source: Taiwan Customs Statistics
The Netherlands, Cyprus and Finland were the Member States with the biggest drop in exports
to Taiwan. Apart from being the biggest trading partner, Germany is also one of the few
countries that had a trade surplus with Taiwan in 2008 (according to the Taiwanese statistics,
whereas German statistics show a slight deficit), the others being France, Austria, Ireland,
with Taiwan; Sweden’s increased threefold while Austria managed to reduce its deficit from
US$ 104m to a small trade surplus of US$ 13m.
Trabe Volume between EU-27 and Taiwan(By Member State-million USD-2008-Source: Taiwan Customs Statistics)
12000
8000
4000
0
Ger
man
yN
ethe
rland
sU
KF
ranc
eIta
lyS
pain
Bel
gium
Fin
land
Sw
eden
Aus
tria
Hun
gary
Pol
and
Irel
and
Den
mar
kS
lova
kia
Por
tuga
lC
zech
Rep
.G
reec
eC
ypru
sE
ston
iaM
alta
Rom
ania
Luxe
mbo
urg
Lith
uani
aB
ulga
riaLa
tvia
Slo
veni
a
EU exports EU imports
Share of EU Trade Volume with Taiwan (2008)
Others14%
Sweden3%
Austria2%
Finland3%
Belgium4%
Spain5%
Italy8%
France8% UK
11%
Netherlands14%
Germany28%
12
1.6 Structure by product
Taiwan’s exports to the EU
are assembled in Taiwan or Mainland China and then sold to Europe and the rest of the world.
According to the Taiwanese International Trade Bureau, exports of bicycles to Europe showed
a 28 % increase in 2008, while exports of solar panels rose by 97 %, with photovoltaic cells
alone rising by more than 1 000 %.
The Taiwanese economy is one of the world’s leading suppliers of computer and memory
chips and semiconductors as well as being a leading supplier of LCD screens. In 2008,
however, sales of LCD screens dropped by 21 %, and exports of electronic DRAM parts wafers
contracted by 10 %.
rising from €2.972bn to €10.883bn in 2008. The share of this product category within the total
amount of products imported into the EU rose from 11.4 to 45.3 %; Taiwanese statistics also
show that the sale of mobile phones increased by 57 %.
from €208m in 2007 to €1.263bn in 2008, almost six times as high. The EU also recorded a big
in 2007 to €2.603bn in 2008.
The EU’s exports to Taiwan
Taiwan imports mainly semi-finished products, machinery and equipment components from
the EU, which it then turns into commodity products for export. The biggest item that the EU
exported to Taiwan in 2008 was ‘Chips and wafers of other monolithic circuits’, which was 5 %
down on 2007. The second biggest category was ‘Waste and scrap of stainless steel’, which
showed an increase of 7 %.
In 2008, sales of LCD screens dropped by 21 %
13
Table 6: Rank of Taiwan in European Union trade Source: Eurostat 2009 (€m)
European Union imports from ... Taiwan
RankSITC Rev.3
Product groupsMillion euro
Share of total EU imports
%
15 TOTAL 24,044 1.55 100.0
89 Agricultural products 102 0.09 0.4
48 Energy 450 0.10 1.9
11 Non-agricultural raw materials 167 0.14 0.7
6 10,883 6.41 45.3
14 1,996 1.83 8.3
10 Transport equipment 1,676 1.75 7.0
17 Chemicals 884 0.72 3.7
25 Textiles and clothing 461 0.57 1.9
17 Iron and steel 801 1.87 3.3
European Union Exports to ... Taiwan
RankSITC Rev.3
Product groupsMillion euro
Share of total EU exports
%
28 TOTAL 11,625 0.89 100.0
32 Agricultural products 604 0.77 5.2
61 Energy 55 0.07 0.5
13 Non-agricultural raw materials 135 0.07 1.2
19 1,263 1.55 10.9
24 2,603 1.00 22.4
43 Transport equipment 741 0.39 6.4
24 Chemicals 2,066 1.03 17.8
32 Textiles and clothing 195 0.56 1.7
30 Iron and steel 329 0.79 2.8
Share by products in EU 27 Total Trade excliding Intra-EU trade.
The EU is an important industrial partner for Taiwan
14
2stocks
businesses do not necessarily have clear-cut geographical roots. For this reason, investment
statistics must be treated with caution.
2.1 The EU’s FDI in Taiwan: effects of the global financial crisis
of recent years is visible in Taiwan, where the EU is no longer the biggest holder of foreign
investment stocks, and FDI inflows were considerably lower than in 2007. However, this is
mainly to due to the lack of fresh foreign capital and general caution of investors, and does not
signify shifting importance in the bilateral trade relationship.
but only came in second after the US, which increased its share to 35.23 % of FDI stock.
Japan’s share of the stock, on the other hand, went down from 16 % in 2007 to 4.7 % in 2008.
fresh European FDI in Taiwan was US$1.94bn, which is almost 75 % lower than the US$7.9bn
euros:
Figure 6: EU FDI since 2004 Source: Eurostat (€m)
A shift in the trend: the EU is no longer the biggest holder of foreign investment
EU FDI since 2004
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
02004 2005 2006 2007
Million Euros
15
2.2 Taiwan’s FDI in the EU: unrealised potential
from €400bn to €173bn.
The US remains the biggest investor in the EU-27 with €45bn in 2008, compared with €194bn
in 2007. Investments in the EU-27 from Japan and India fell notably, while investments from
Canada and Brazil rose, from €14bn to €18bn and from €2bn to €7bn respectively. Despite
China’s growing importance in trade in goods, FDI in the EU coming from China (excluding
Hong Kong) remained modest in 2008, worth only €0.1bn in the EU-27.
However, in proportion to the level of trade and the EU’s ranking among trading partners,
Taiwan’s FDI also remains cautiously low. In 2008, The EU as a whole is only the 10th
destination for Taiwan’s outward investment.
Statistics (DGBAS), Taiwan exports the most per person to Japan, while the EU came third, just
ahead of China.
Taiwan is not fully using its opportunities to invest
in the large European market: in 2008, the
EU was only the 10th destination for Taiwan’s
outward investment
Europe, the world’s largest economy and
market, deserves more attention from Taiwan
16
European presence in Taiwan & people-to-people exchanges
3.1 Europeans in Taiwan
The number of foreigners in Taiwan has been rising steadily in the past few years, reaching
There is strong growth in the number of students attending the Taipei European School, which now has 1 143 pupils, continuing the upward trend since its inception in 1990 with 60 children. Europeans make up 40 % of all pupils attending: they now number 457, an increase of 57 students within the last year.
The European Chamber of Commerce (ECCT), representing the interests of European business in Taiwan, has also increased its membership. It now counts around 700 individual members as well as 472 corporations and organisations, a 10 % and 12 % increase respectively compared
has since 2003 been represented in the form of the European Economic and Trade Office (EETO).
The total number of tourist visas issued by the Taiwanese to Europeans in 2008 was 147 646, with roughly two thirds for business purposes (99 548) and one third (48 098) for leisure. However, this does not take into account travellers with the right to enter without a visa for up to 30 days, a facility granted to visitors from the EU-25 among other countries worldwide.
3.2 Taiwanese visitors to the EU
The number of visas requested from Taiwan to the EU fell again sharply by 23 % year on year,
with only 218 411 visas in total issued. A strong euro and the economic crisis that hit the
world in the second half of 2008 explain this sharp drop. In March 2009, the UK lifted the visa
to the UK is expected.
Figure 7: Total visas issued by the EUSource: EETO, 2008
3
Taiwan is becoming more and more attractive
for European businesses and individuals
Total Visas Issued by the EU
350000
300000
250000
200000
1500001997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
216323 234040 240406 266428 251366 259007 209770 270928 298012 331913 282426 218411Total
17
3.3 Taiwanese students in the EU
According to the Ministry of Education, the number of Taiwanese students studying abroad in 2008 has risen to its highest number since 2001, with a total of 37 800. As the National Youth Commission notes, the number of Taiwanese students studying abroad since 1988 has been rising every year.
Since then, several phases can be distinguished. The first phase shows a rise in figures up to 2001, when a slow drop began to the lowest number so far in 2003. In the following three years, numbers rose again, before plummeting in 2007. Initial assessments indicate that factors such as high or rising tuition fees of foreign universities, falling scholarship awards, and military service were causing the decreases. The rise in the total number of Taiwanese students abroad is mainly due to a strong increase in students going to the US, as Europe recorded another sharp drop.
The largest decrease was seen in the UK and Spain, whose numbers both dropped by 18 % compared to 2007. Germany, which had shown a steady increase in the past, also had 8 % fewer students, whereas smaller countries such as Ireland and the Czech Republic more than doubled the number of Taiwanese students attending their universities. It remains to be seen if the downward trend continues into 2009, when the global economic crisis might slowly affect higher education. On the contrary, the fall in the British pound might reverse the negative trend, as studying at the country’s top universities becomes cheaper again.
Support for students studying in the EU remains widely available, from various sources such as Taiwan’s Ministry of Education, individual Member States and the European Commission’s Erasmus Mundus Programme. In this programme, aimed at those enrolled on Master’s level courses, more than 60 students have received generous sponsorship since 2005.
Figure 8: Taiwanese student visasSource: Taiwanese Ministry of Education, 2008
Studying in Europe remains popular,
especially in the smaller Member States
Taiwanese Student Visas
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
19931994
19951996
19971998
19992000
20012002
20032004
20052006
20072008
USANEW ZEALAND
CANADAJAPAN
AUSTRALIAEU
18
2008
27 2008 GDP 0.9%
2008 GDP 0.1% 2001
2.1%
2001 390
350 27 15
13 21
2008
2008 20%
16% 2008
2000 2007 15%
26% 2007
9%
2001
1321
20%
19
1.1
2007 2007 1 1
2006
25
2007 9%
13% 8%
2007 128 2008 124
27
2008 GDP 2008 GDP 0.9%
0.1%
2008
12 21
2008
20089%
1
20
1 :: € – 2003 15 EU-15 – 2004
25 EU-25 – 2007 27 EU-27
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
12.0 15.1 13.4 11.9 11.0 12.9 13.1 13.2 13.3 11.6
+25.8 -11.3 -11.2 -7.6 +16.8 +1.3 +1.3 +0.8 -13
21.3 28.3 26.0 23.2 22.6 23.9 24.1 26.7 26.1 24.1
+32.9 -8.1 -10.8 -3.4 +5.7 +0.9 +10.7 -2.2 -8
33.3 43.4 39.4 35.1 33.7 36.8 37.2 39.9 39.4 35.7
+30.3 -9.2 -10.9 -5.1 +9.2 +1.1 +7.3 -1.3 -9.4
-9.3 -13.2 -12.5 -11.3 -11.6 -11.0 -11.0 -13.5 -12.8 -12.4
1.2
2007 52 62
25% 2007
15.7%
14
12 1282007
20%
2 :: € – 2003 15 EU-15 – 2004
25 EU-25 – 2007 27 EU-27
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
2.0 2.0 2.4 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.7
1.8 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.5
3.8 3.8 4.5 5.3 5.2 5.2 6.2
0.2 0.2 0.3 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.2
124
21
1.3 :
13 21
12 13
2007 260 241
1.8% 1.6%
13%
0.9%
2008
3 :: ( € )
-
%
1,550,587 100 %1 247,628 16.0 %2 186,279 12.0 %3 173,214 11.2 %4 91,923 5.9 %5 80,026 5.2 %6 74,713 4.8 %7 45,880 3.0 %8 39,384 2.5 %9 35,461 2.3 %
10 34,145 2.2 %11 29,381 1.9 %12 28,541 1.8 %13 24,059 1.6 % 14 23,772 1.5 %15 22,159 1.4 %16 21,111 1.4 %17 17,529 1.1 %18 17,262 1.1 %19 17,130 1.1 %20 16,173 1.0 %
%
1,550,587 100 %21 15,386 1.0 %22 14,300 0.9 %23 14,174 0.9 %24 13,806 0.9 %25 13,440 0.9 %26 11,419 0.7 %27 11,259 0.7 %28 11,219 0.7 %29 11,188 0.7 %30 10,549 0.7 %
22
: 04 2009: N.det.Extra Stores&Provisions 25
%
1,309,384 100 %1 249,282 19.0 %2 105,155 8.0 %3 97,584 7.5 %4 78,383 6.0 %5 54,242 4.1 %6 43,580 3.3 %7 42,352 3.2 %8 31,662 2.4 %9 31,509 2.4 %10 26,034 2.0 %11 26,114 2.0 %12 25,634 2.0 %13 25,172 1.9 %14 25,135 1.9 %15 22,042 1.7 %16 21,958 1.7 %17 21,236 1.6 %18 21,066 1.6 %19 20,217 1.5 %20 15,302 1.2 %21 N. det. Extra 14,562 1.1 %22 14,403 1.1 %23 14,317 1.1 %24 14,063 1.1 %25 Stores and Prov. 13,187 1.0 %26 12,711 1.0 %27 11,629 0.9 %28 11,542 0.9 %29 11,360 0.9 %30 11,203 0.9 %
%
2,859,971 100 %1 435,560 15.2 %2 326,011 11.4 %3 278,369 9.7 %4 177,610 6.2 %5 135,504 4.7 %6 117,065 4.1 %7 100,122 3.5 %8 65,018 2.3 %9 61,765 2.2 %10 60,890 2.1 %11 49,886 1.7 %12 43,843 1.5 %13 42,376 1.5 %14 42,347 1.5 %15 39,880 1.4 %16 39,435 1.4 %17 38,131 1.3 %18 37,483 1.3 %19 36,391 1.3 %20 35,848 1.3 %21 35,688 1.2 %22 32,485 1.1 %23 29,071 1.0 %24 26,589 0.9 %25 25,616 0.9 %26 25,535 0.9 %27 25,251 0.9 %28 23,483 0.8 %29 22,932 0.8 %30 22,760 0.8 %
22
27
23
1.4
7%
50% 45%
2001
1 : 1990-2008
4 :(2008, )
325 116 64 60 35
78 42 25 31 11
247 74 39 29 24
-169 -32 -14 +2 -13
31 % 56 % 64 % 106 % 45 %
1990-2008( )- : Taiwan Customs Statistics – 2007 27
50454035302520151050
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
24
130 140
85%
2000 2007
15% 2008
2:
3:
( )- :
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
(2008)
, 23.66%
, 2.37%
, 2.48%
,3.26%
, 3.33%
, 4.41%
, 9.37% , 11.51%
, 12.91%
, 26.7%
25
1.5
17%
3%
70%
2008 27 15
15%
5: 2008
2007 2007
7478 5730 12047 2043 1748 20432356 4565 7091 -1565 -2209 -15651917 3630 5420 -1642 -1713 -16421635 2449 4061 693 -814 6932292 1730 3866 -928 562 -928482 1859 1987 -1095 -1377 -1095592 1181 1665 -577 -589 -577501 945 1498 -236 -444 -236553 706 1100 -58 -153 -58480 467 1080 104 13 10491 557 867 -731 -466 -73192 715 855 -677 -623 -677384 309 814 -18 75 -18230 488 806 -356 -258 -35636 437 573 -461 -401 -46140 548 459 -375 -508 -375104 482 434 -228 -378 -22891 276 317 -193 -185 -19349 5 289 201 44 20110 133 202 -68 -123 -6838 42 186 -32 -4 -3267 146 173 -89 79 -8941 105 141 -95 -64 -9512 136 141 -119 -124 -11924 144 111 -67 -120 -6710 126 106 -92 -116 -9229 90 88 -56 -61 -56
2008 2002
26
4: 27
5: (2008)
2008
4.66
1.04 1,300
27 – – 2008 –
:
12000
8000
4000
0
(2008)
14%
3%
2%
3%
4%
5%
8% 8%11%
14%
28%
27
1.6
2008 28%
97% 1000%
2008
21% DRAM 10%
2008
2007 3.5 29.72
2008 108.83 11.4% 45.3%
57%
2007 2.08
12.63
2007 14.57 26.03
2007
4%
2% 1.5%
2%
2% 1%
LCD2008 21%
28
6:2009
15 24,044 1.55 100.0
89 102 0.09 0.4
48 450 0.10 1.9
11 167 0.14 0.7
6 10,883 6.41 45.3
14 1,996 1.83 8.3
10 1,676 1.75 7.0
17 884 0.72 3.7
25 461 0.57 1.9
17 801 1.87 3.3
28 11,625 0.89 100.0
32 604 0.77 5.2
61 55 0.07 0.5
13 135 0.07 1.2
19 1,263 1.55 10.9
24 2,603 1.00 22.4
43 741 0.39 6.4
24 2,066 1.03 17.8
32 195 0.56 1.7
30 329 0.79 2.8
27
29
2.1
2007 2008
2008 26.35 35.23
16% 4.7%
2008 2007 75%
79 19.4
2008 ,
6: 2004
2
2004
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
02004 2005 2006 2007
30
2.2 :
2009 5 2008 27 28% 2007
4,960 2008 3,540 57%
4,000 1,730
27 2007 1,940 2008
450
140 180 20
70
2008
2008
2008
31
3.1
1,143 199060 40% 457
57
ECCT700 472 2007 10%
12%
16 2003
2008 147,64699,548 48,098
30
3.2
2008 23% 218,411
2009
7:
3
350000
300000
250000
200000
1500001997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
216323 234040 240406 266428 251366 259007 209770 270928 298012 331913 282426 218411
32
3.3
2008 2001 37,800
1998
2001
2003 2007
2008
2007 18%
8
2009
Erasmus Mundus
2005 60
7:, 2008
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
19931994
19951996
19971998
19992000
20012002
20032004
20052006
20072008
Suite 1603, 16F, 333, Keelung Road section 1, Taipei 110333 16 1603
Tel: +886 2 2757 7211 Fax: +886 2 2757 7209 E-mail: [email protected]
European Economic and Trade Offi ce