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Manoel Teixeira Souza Jnior, Ph.D.
Embrapa Agroenergy - General Director
www.cnpae.embrapa.br
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Indicator #17: PRODUCTIVITY is a measure of output from a production process, per unit of inputand can be used to measure the efficiency with which inputs are transformed into end products.
This indicator focuses on the productivity of the land used to produce bioenergy, as well as the overall
economic efficiency of the production, which to an extent will capture the overall efficiency of use of all
inputs.
The indicator is formed by four values:
1. Productivity of bioenergy feedstocks,
2. The efficiency of feedstock processing,
3. The overall efficiency of production of the end products (e.g. biofuels) for bioenergy purposes, and
4. The associated production costs per unit of bioenergy.
This indicator also measures local bioenergy production costs in relation to those of domestic and
international fossil fuels, other renewable energy sources and international bioenergy, which can help to
determine whether local bioenergy is economically viable and competitive at the national level.
How the indicator will help assess the sustainability of bioenergy at the national level?
Increasing productivity may translate to a more efficient use of inputs, increased availability of
land and other resources, and reduced burden on the environment. Decreased need of land and
inputs reduces costs of production and consequently increases profits. Both aspects are crucial
for the national environmental and economic sustainability.
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Productivity Increase Efficiency Reduce Cost & Time, Increase Output/Input
Transport
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Grain and oilseed production, yields and farmed area in Brazil from 1975 to 2010.
154,20
48,86
3.156
0
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
4.000
0,00
20,00
40,00
60,00
80,00
100,00
120,00
140,00
160,0019
76
/77
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Yie
ld (
kg/h
a)
Pro
du
ctio
n (m
illio
n t
on
s) a
nd
area
(m
illio
n h
a)Production (million tons) Area (million ha) Yield (kg/ha)
+ 228%Variation, 1976/77 to 2010/11 + 31% + 151%
154,20
48,86
3.156
0
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
4.000
0,00
20,00
40,00
60,00
80,00
100,00
120,00
140,00
160,0019
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/77
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09
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Yie
ld (
kg/h
a)
Pro
du
ctio
n (m
illio
n t
on
s) a
nd
area
(m
illio
n h
a)Production (million tons) Area (million ha) Yield (kg/ha)
+ 228%Variation, 1976/77 to 2010/11 + 31% + 151%
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Is there room for more gains in productivity?
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Reducing waste & Adding more value to the agribusiness chains A challenge
154,20
48,86
3.156
0
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
4.000
0,00
20,00
40,00
60,00
80,00
100,00
120,00
140,00
160,00
1976
/77
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/80
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1981
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/89
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/90
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/00
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/11
Yie
ld (
kg/h
a)
Pro
du
ctio
n (m
illio
n t
on
s) a
nd
area
(m
illio
n h
a)
Production (million tons) Area (million ha) Yield (kg/ha)
+ 228%Variation, 1976/77 to 2010/11 + 31% + 151%
154,20
48,86
3.156
0
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
4.000
0,00
20,00
40,00
60,00
80,00
100,00
120,00
140,00
160,00
1976
/77
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2009
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2009
/11
Yie
ld (
kg/h
a)
Pro
du
ctio
n (m
illio
n t
on
s) a
nd
area
(m
illio
n h
a)
Production (million tons) Area (million ha) Yield (kg/ha)
+ 228%Variation, 1976/77 to 2010/11 + 31% + 151%
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Centro-Sul Norte / Nordeste BRASIL Centro-Sul Norte / Nordeste BRASIL Centro-Sul Norte / Nordeste BRASILCenter-South North / Northeast BRAZIL Center-South North / Northeast BRAZIL Center-South North / Northeast BRAZIL
2005/2006 4.744,3 1.096,0 5.840,3 70,4 44,1 65,5 334.136,6 48.345,4 382.482,02006/2007 5.020,0 1.143,3 6.163,3 74,5 48,0 69,6 373.912,9 54.904,0 428.816,92007/2008 5.718,4 1.227,9 6.946,3 75,4 52,6 71,4 431.233,5 64.609,7 495.843,22008/2009 5.989,2 1.068,7 7.057,9 84,9 60,0 81,1 508.638,8 64.099,7 572.738,52009/2010 6.309,8 1.099,8 7.409,6 86,0 54,8 81,4 542.825,0 60.231,4 603.056,42010/2011 6.923,1 1.132,5 8.055,5 81,0 56,0 77,5 561.037,4 63.463,8 624.501,22011/2012 7.213,5 1.154,5 8.368,0 68,6 56,7 67,0 494.937,7 66.056,1 560.993,8
REA (mil Hectares)*Ano-Safra Harvest-Year
PRODUTIVIDADE (t/Ha) PRODUO (mil t)**
Sugarcane Production in Brazil Source of Bioenergy
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X
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Forest Plantation in Brazil Source of Bioenergy
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State Agriculture R&D Institutes; Public R&D Institutes; Private R&D Institutes; Public Agriculture Universities; Private Universities; and EMBRAPA
A National System for Agriculture R&D
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Embrapa - The Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation
Mission: to provide feasiblesolutions for the sustainabledevelopment of Brazilianagribusiness through knowledgeand technology generation andtransfer.
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Thank you!
EMBRAPA AGROENERGY - www.cnpae.embrapa.br
