EE 489 Telecommunication Systems Engineering University of Alberta
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Transcript of EE 489 Telecommunication Systems Engineering University of Alberta
EE 489EE 489Telecommunication Systems EngineeringTelecommunication Systems Engineering
University of AlbertaUniversity of Alberta
Dept. of Electrical and Computer EngineeringDept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Lecture 1Lecture 1
Wayne Grover Wayne Grover TRLabs and University of Alberta
Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489
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EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering
What is telecommunications?What is telecommunications?
• “tele” – Greek for distant
• “communicatio” – Italian for connection
• Telecommunication– distant connection or– transfer of meaningful information from one location to
another
• Today it means:– “high tech” methods of information transfer
• Voice• Video• Data
Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489
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EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering
Telecomunication Systems change our lives: Telecomunication Systems change our lives: … the “always-… the “always-on” world is upon us….on” world is upon us….
Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489
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EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering
IntroductionIntroduction
• Reasons you might take EE 489– R&D career options
• Vendors (e.g. Nortel, Cisco)• Telcos (e.g. Telus, AT&T)• ISPs and other Internet Business• Private Networks
– Pre-requisites for other courses– EE 686 (Digital Transmission Systems)– EE 683 (Fibre Optic Communications)– EE 681 (Survivable Networks)
– Personal interests• Major critical public infrastructure• Societal importance and history
– Or..“Its just neat to know how things in your everyday life actually work !
Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489
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EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering
Introduction (2)Introduction (2)
• EE 489 is mainly an introduction to key concepts– Concepts and theory for operation and design– Architectural concepts– Basic principles of various topics in telecom engineering
• Traffic engineering• Telephony principles, digital coding of speech• Wireless, cellular• Transmission system design, fiber optics• Switching systems• Internet• Optical Networking
Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489
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EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering
US Circuit Switched Voice and Internet TrafficUS Circuit Switched Voice and Internet Traffic
Compound Annual Growth Rate1996-2005
Internet 95.8%
Voice over IP 30%
Data Traffic
30%Circuit Switched 12.1%
Tera
byte
s /
day
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Source: Renaissance Analysis via Marconi PLC 2001
Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489
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EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering
Fiber Optics and WDM: 1980sFiber Optics and WDM: 1980s
Wavelength (nm)
1600 1700140013001200 1500
Atte
nuat
ion
(dB
/km
)
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
1310nm 1550nm
Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489
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EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering
1990s Dense WDM: 1990s Dense WDM: ITU Channel SpacingITU Channel Spacing
1600 1700140013001200 1500
Atte
nuat
ion
(dB
/km
)
Wavelength (nm)
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
15
25
15
30
15
35
15
40
15
45
15
50
15
55
15
60
15
65
ITU Channel Spacing
ITU Channel Spacing
And each wavelength can carry ~ OC-192 (10 Gb/s)
Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489
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EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering
Trying to appreciate the capacity of fiber opticsTrying to appreciate the capacity of fiber optics
If 64Kb/s = 1 lane
Then with current technology, a singlefiber would = 25 Million Lanes,
or a Highway that was 60,000 Miles Wide
Then with current technology, a singlefiber would = 25 Million Lanes,
or a Highway that was 60,000 Miles Wide
Adapted from Marconi OctoBrief 2001
Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489
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EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering
Some real fiber optic networks Some real fiber optic networks
Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489
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EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering
British Telecom
Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489
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EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering
Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489
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EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering
The Level(3) N. American NetworkThe Level(3) N. American Network
Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489
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EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering
TORINO
GENOVA
ALESSANDRIA
PISA
MILANOBRESCIA
SAVONA
BOLOGNA
VERONA
VICENZA
VENEZIA
FIRENZEANCONA
PESCARA
PIACENZA
MILANO2
PERUGIA
L’AQUILA
ROMA
ROMA2
NAPOLI SALERNO
CATANZARO
POTENZA
BARI
TARANTO
CAGLIARI
SASSARI
FOGGIA
PALERMOMESSINA
REGGIO C.
32-node Italian backbone transport
network
some other fiber network topologiessome other fiber network topologies
Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489
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EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering
Growth of global telecom systemGrowth of global telecom system
• “It took a hundred years to connect a billion people by wire. It has taken only ten years to connect the next billion people.”
– National Geographic Magazine, December 2001
Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489
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EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering
Your Instructor: Wayne GroverYour Instructor: Wayne Grover• B.Sc. - Carleton U, Ottawa, M.Sc. - U. Essex, U.K. (Commonwealth
Scholar), Ph.D. - U. Alberta (‘89) - “Self-healing Networks”
• 10 years BNR (Nortel Networks) Research & Development
• Start-up of TRLabs consortium, 1987 (Founding VP - Research)– Research and management roles at TRLabs, 1986- present
• 2002 IEEE Fellow “for contributions to survivable and self-organizing broadband networks”
• 30 years telecom R&D experience
• >35 patented inventions to date
• web site: http://www.ece.ualberta.ca/~grover/
Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489
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EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering
Timeline of Modern TelecomTimeline of Modern Telecom
• 1837– Samuel Morse invents telegraph (demonstrated in 1844)• “What hath God wrought?”
• 1850 – Telegraph cables cross English Channel
• 1858 – First trans-Atlantic telegraph cable laid (Canada to Ireland)
• 1876 – Alexander Graham Bell invents telephone (Brantford, ON)
• “Watson come here, I want you”
• 1885 – AT&T incorporated
• 1888 – Heinrich Hertz discovers electromagnetic waves
• 1895 – Marconi invents wireless telegraph
• 1895 – Northern Electric and Manufacturing Company Ltd.
• 1901 – Marconi sends first trans-Atlantic wireless telegraph (England to Newfoundland); dot-dash “spark gap” transmitter
Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489
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EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering
Timeline of Modern Telecom (2)Timeline of Modern Telecom (2)
• 1906 – Canadian Reginald Aubrey Fessenden realized the first public radio voice broadcast http://www.icce.rug.nl/~soundscapes/VOLUME02/Reginald_Aubrey_Fessenden.shtml
• 1912 – First SOS transmitted from RMS Titanic
• 1919 – XWA (Montreal) becomes first licensed radio station in North America
• 1923 – First radio hockey play-by-play by CKCK (Regina)
• 1924 – First radio airing of Stanley Cup game
• 1927 – First radio trans-Atlantic commercial phone calls
• 1932 – Trans-Canada telephone toll system
• 1939 – Electronic computer developed
• 1941 – Marriage of computer and communications– telegraph code punched on paper tape read by computer
Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489
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EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering
Timeline of Modern Telecom (3)Timeline of Modern Telecom (3)
• 1947/1948 – Transistor invented at Bell Labs
• 1950 – Time division multiplexing developed
• 1956 – First trans-Atlantic phone cable
• 1960 – Laser developed
• 1961 – Integrated circuit developed
• 1962 – Telstar I launched (first communication satellite)
• 1966 – Northern Telecom publishes first paper related to optical fibres
• 1969 – Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) funds “ARPANET”
• 1970 – Corning Glass develops first optical fibre
Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489
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EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering
Timeline of Modern Telecom (4)Timeline of Modern Telecom (4)
• 1975 – First digital telephone switch (Northern Telecom)
• 1977 – Above switch installed in Canada
• 1981 – Above switch installed in USA
• 1982 – “Internet” used to describe successor to ARPANET
• 1989 – First SONET-standard optical fibre products released (Northern Telecom)
• 1990 – World Wide Web becomes part of the Internet
• Today:– 1 billion telephones in over 200 countries– ~15 Billion microprocessors on the planet (6 Billion
humans).– Telegraphy, telephony, data, television, finance, etc
integrated into global telecom system
Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489
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EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering
Some of what the Future HoldsSome of what the Future Holds
• I. Expansion to the developing world (estimated ~ 3 billion people have never used a telephone)
– Opportunities to build “green fields” network designs– Short-cut to the latest technology– Huge role for fixed wireless and satellite
• II. Machine-to-Machine communication– More machines than humans– Can exchange data more quickly– Think: “this overhead projector will have its own IP address and talk on its
own to the world about its bulb burning out” – “pervasive computing”– Seamless human-machine interfaces; wearable computers, virtual reality
• III. “Convergence” of…– Telephone, TV, Movies, Telemetry, Monitoring, Internet, Storage
• IV. Future applications: Virtual reality, 3D holography, telepresence, web agents, robots, weather prediction,…
– Some future applications are estimated to require backbone capacities of 1,000 to 200,000 terabits/sec (1 terabit/sec = 1012 bit/sec)
Telecommunications is still very much a growth industry !
Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489
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EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering
Importance of Switching Importance of Switching – Avoiding a “show stopper”– Avoiding a “show stopper”
• If there were no switching machines, each phone would have to be directly connected to all others. What are the implications?
5000 km
2500 km
Consider Southern Canada and USA:
Size = 5000 km x 2500 km
Size = 12 500 000 km2
Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489
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EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering
kmkm
km60
million 5.12
million 7502
3
Depth of wiring
Therefore volume of wiring -1216 12.5x10 2000 pairs10x3 km3million 750 km
Assume average connection is 2000 km long.
Average wire pair cross-section 22 )2( mmr 2122 10x5.125.12 kmmm
216( )( 1) 250000000
3x10 pairs2 2
n n Fully connected:
Approximately 250 million phones
Switching Machines (2)Switching Machines (2)
6060km km deep! deep!
Uses material previously developed by W. Grover and adapted/ extended by J.Doucette for different versions of EE589/489
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EE 489 – Telecommunication Systems Engineering
How to do well in this courseHow to do well in this course
• Come to every class
• Get the Decorby notes download and do the assigned readings.
• Check web site at least once a week in advance for any further notes or problem solutions or handouts.
• Print and organize all course materials in sequence in a binder
• Take notes when whiteboard developments are done
• Do all assigned problems
• Go over in-class examples
• Approach to exam writing – Do easy questions first– Don’t rush– Show all work
• Term tests and/or Final will contain or be based upon:– At least one assigned problem– At least one in-class example