EE 3200: Communications Principles College of Engineering at Wadi Alddawaser.

EE 3200: Communications PrinciplesEE 3200: Communications Principles

College of Engineering at Wadi Alddawaser

Course Instructor information:

Dr. Hassan YousifAssistant professorElectrical Engineering DepartmentDean’s Assistant, Quality and DevelopmentGround floor office, 0115888714

EE 3200- Communications principles- Dr Hassan Yousif

http://faculty.sau.edu.sa/h.ahmed

My home page:

Assessment methodsAssessment methods


Course Grading

Midterm#1 (15%)Midterm#2 (15%)Tutorial and Problems(5%)Attendance & Project (5%)Final Exam(60%)

Assessment CO1 CO2 CO3 CO4 CO5 Distribution

Quizzes √ √ √ √ √ 5 %

Assignments √ √ √ √ √ 5 %

Test 1 √ √ 10 %

Test 2 √ √ 15 %

Attendance 5%

Final Exam √ √ √ √ √ 60 %

Total 100%


Week Assessment Remarks

1

2 Assignment 1 Submitted at the begging of Lec-3

3 Quiz 1


5 Quiz 2

6 Test 1


8 Quiz 3


10 Quiz 4


12 Quiz 5

13 Test 2

14


Course Objectives

To provide the students with the basics of communication systems. Upon completion of this course, the students should be able to: To understand communication systems To understand the frequency domain and the bandwidth concept.To understand the Fourier series and Fourier Transform. To understand properties of Fourier Transform and the conversion between time and frequency domain. To understand the types of amplitude modulation (AM) To understand the Frequency modulation (FM) To be able to select appropriate modulation techniques for our Applications

نموذج وصف مقرر دراسيCode & No. : EE 3200 كهر3200الرقم والرمز : Course : Communications Principles مبادئ االتصاالتاسم المقرر : Credits : 3(3,1,0) ( 0 ، 1 ، 3) 3الوحدات الدراسية : Pre-requisite : EE 3010Co-requisite :

كهر3010متطلب سابق : متطلب مرافق :

Level : 7th المستوى : السابعمقدم0ة ونظ0رة عام0ة؛ تحلي0ل اإلش0ارات ونقله0ا ع0بر األنظم0ة والقن0وات؛ التض0مين، تض0مين االتس0اع؛ تحوي0ل ال0تردد؛ تض0مين ال0تردد والط0ور؛ اإلكث0ار بتقس0يم ال0تردد؛ جه0از االس0تقبال؛ الص0وت المجس0م؛ العين0ات وتض0مين النبض0ات؛ اإلكث0ار بتقس0يم ال0زمن؛ التض0مين الرم0زي النبض0ي ؛ التض0مين التفاض0لي وتض0مين الف0رق؛ المك0ررات معي0دة التولي0د؛

، مزايا االتصاالت الرقمية؛ التأثير الثنائي؛ مقدمة للتعديل الرقمي. الخطيالترميز

Overview and basic elements of communication systems; signal analysis; transmission through systems and channels; modulation; AM; frequency conversion; FM and PM; super-heterodyne receiver; FDM; stereo broadcasting; sampling; pulse modulation (PAM, PWM, PPM); TDM; pulse code modulation (PCM); DPCM and DM; regenerative repeaters; advantages of digital communication; line coding (Binary Signaling); introduction to digital modulation (ASK, FSK, PSK).

Text Books :الكتب المقررة

Haykin, "Communications Systems", John Wiley, Last Edition.

References المراجع:

موافق0ة مجلس الكلي0ة بجلس0ته للع0ام الدراس0ي ه14310 ه0 والتي عقدت بتاريخ / /1430/1431

موافق0ة مجلس القس0م بجلس0ته للع0ام الدراس0ي ه14310 ه0 والتي عقدت بتاريخ / /1430/1431

عميد الكلية رئيس القسماالسم:

التوقيع:االسم:

التوقيع:EE 3200- Communications principles- Dr Hassan Yousif


Communication SystemCommunication System

A B

Engineering System

Genetic System

Social System

History and fact of communication

The purpose of Comm. System is to transport an information signal from a source to a user destination via a comm. channel

(transmission system).

A short History of Telecommunications:

Thousands of years before the Common Era (B.C.E.) drums were used to send out messages.

The fall of Trojan was achieved by signals of torches in 1100 B.C.

490 B.C. a runner delivered message from marathon to athens (he broke down and died). Also Alexander the Great , Hannibal and Caesar used running carriers to transmit their commends

150 A.D. the roman used smoke signals to spread the message (about 4.500 Km).


1100 Genghis Khan spread the reports of his victories using carrier pigeons.

1600 the British Admiral Sir William Penn developed a comm. Code using flag or light.

1835 Samuel Morse developed his code ( points and dashes). The first long distance message was sent from Baltimore to Washington in 1843.

1876 Alexander Graham Bell applies for a patent with his telephone in March 1876. only 3 hours later Elisha Gray submitted an application for the same device

1861 Maxwell at king’s college in London proposed mathematical theory of EM waves


1887 Hertz demonstrated the existence of EM waves

1895-1898 Marconi built radio telegraph, his signal bridged the English channel (52km wide)

1921 First analog land mobile by police department in Detroit and London, respectively.

1933 FM was invented which made possible high quality radio comm.

1947 Improved mobile telephone service (IMTS) using FM was developed by AT&T. the 1st mobile system connected to PSTN Bell labs.

1948 extending number of users in cellular concept during and after WW2


Second Generation1990’s Cellular has enjoyed exponential growth since 1988, with over 200 million users worldwide today ..

1990 Global System Mobile (GSM) is introduced in 800-900 MHz band.2.5 Generation- :1998 mobile wireless data: I-mode, a wireless data service and internet “micro-browser” is introduced. 3rd Generation- 2000: IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecom.) proposals for a world-wide 3rd generation standard are submitted. 2??? 4th generation – may be to use W-CDMA-2000 or OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexer)TV, Satellite, LAN, and 100 Mbps bandwidth


Scope of the course ...Scope of the course ...

EE 3200-

Communicati

ons principles-

Dr Hassa

n Yousif

General structure of a communication system

FormatterSource encoder

Channel encoder

Modulator

FormatterSource decoder

Channel decoder

Demodulator

Transmitter

Receiver

SOURCEInfo.

Transmitter

Transmitted signal

Received signal

Receiver

Received info.

Noise

ChannelSource User


Communication System ComponentsCommunication System Components

SourceCoder

ChannelCoder

Modulation

+

Sourcedecoder

Channeldecoder

demodulation

Distortion and noise

transmitter

channel

receiver

Source input

ReconstructedSignal output

D/A

A/D


Communication ProcessCommunication Process Message Signal

Symbol

Encoding

Transmission

Decoding

Re-creation

Broadcast

Point to Point


TelecommunicationTelecommunication Telegraph

Fixed line telephone

Cable

Wired networks

Internet

Fiber communications

Communication bus inside computers to communicate between CPU and memory


Wireless CommunicationsWireless Communications Satellite

TV

Cordless phone

Cellular phone

Wireless LAN, WIFI

Wireless MAN, WIMAX

Bluetooth

Ultra Wide Band

Wireless Laser

Microwave

GPS

Ad hoc/Sensor Networks

Type of wavesType of waves


Wireless PropagationWireless Propagation

Signal travels along three routes– Ground wave

Follows contour of earth Up to 2MHz AM radio

– Sky wave Amateur radio, BBC world service, Voice of America Signal reflected from ionosphere layer of upper atmosphere (Actually refracted)

– Line of sight Above 30Mhz May be further than optical line of sight due to refraction More later…


Ground Wave Propagation Ground Wave Propagation


Sky Wave PropagationSky Wave Propagation


Line of Sight PropagationLine of Sight Propagation



Analog or DigitalAnalog or Digital Common Misunderstanding: Any transmitted signals are

ANALOG. NO DIGITAL SIGNAL CAN BE TRANSMITTED Analog Message: continuous in amplitude and over time

– AM, FM for voice sound– Traditional TV for analog video– First generation cellular phone (analog mode)– Record player

Digital message: 0 or 1, or discrete value– VCD, DVD– 2G/3G cellular phone– Data on your disk– Your grade

Digital age: why digital communication will prevail


Channel, Bandwidth, SpectrumChannel, Bandwidth, Spectrum Bandwidth: the number of bits per second is proportional to B

http://www.ntia.doc.gov/osmhome/allochrt.pdf

http://www.ntia.doc.gov/osmhome/allochrt.pdf

Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum



Power, Channel, NoisePower, Channel, Noise Transmit power

– Constrained by device, battery, health issue, etc.

Channel responses to different frequency and different time– Satellite: almost flat over frequency, change slightly over time

– Cable or line: response very different over frequency, change slightly over time.

– Fiber: perfect

– Wireless: worst. Multipath reflection causes fluctuation in frequency response. Doppler shift causes fluctuation over time

Noise and interference– AWGN: Additive White Gaussian noise

– Interferences: power line, microwave, other users (CDMA phone)


Shannon CapacityShannon Capacity Shannon Theory

– It establishes that given a noisy channel with information capacity C and information transmitted at a rate R, then if R<C, there exists a coding technique which allows the probability of error at the receiver to be made arbitrarily small. This means that theoretically, it is possible to transmit information without error up to a limit, C.

– The converse is also important. If R>C, the probability of error at the receiver increases without bound as the rate is increased. So no useful information can be transmitted beyond the channel capacity. The theorem does not address the rare situation in which rate and capacity are equal.

Shannon Capacity

sbitSNRBC /)1(log2


ModulationModulation Process of varying a carrier signal

in order to use that signal to convey information – Carrier signal can transmit far

away, but information cannot

– Modem: amplitude, phase, and frequency

– Analog: AM, amplitude, FM, frequency, Vestigial sideband modulation, TV

– Digital: mapping digital information to different constellation: Frequency-shift key (FSK)


ExampleExample Figure 10

Modulation over carrier fc

s(t)=Accos(2fct) for symbol 1; -Accos(2fct) for symbol 0

Transmission from channel

x(t)=s(t)+w(t)

Correlator

Decoding– If the correlator output yT is greater than 0, the receiver output

symbol 1; otherwise it outputs symbol 0.

0,5.0

1,5.0)2cos()(

0symbolforwA

symbolforwAdttftxy

Tc

TcT

cT


Channel CodingChannel Coding Purpose

– Deliberately add redundancy to the transmitted information, so that if the error occurs, the receiver can either detect or correct it.

Source-channel separation theorem– If the delay is not an issue, the source coder and channel coder can

be designed separately, i.e. the source coder tries to pack the information as hard as possible and the channel coder tries to protect the packet information.

Popular coder– Linear block code– Cyclic codes (CRC)– Convolutional code (Viterbi, Qualcom)– LDPC codes, Turbo code, 0.1 dB to Channel Capacity


Quality of a Link (service, QoS)Quality of a Link (service, QoS) Mean Square Error

Signal to noise ratio (SNR)

– Bit error rate

– Frame error rate

– Packet drop rate

– Peak SNR (PSNR)

– SINR/SNIR: signal to noise plus interference ratio

Human factor

N

iii XX

NMSE

1

2|ˆ|1

22 GPP txrec


Communication NetworksCommunication Networks

Connection of 2 or more distinct (possibly dissimilar) networks.

Requires some kind of network device to facilitate the connection.

Internet

Net A Net B


Broadband CommunicationBroadband Communication


OSI ModelOSI Model

Open Systems Interconnections; Course offered next semester


TCP/IP ArchitectureTCP/IP Architecture

• TCP/IP is the de facto global data communications standard.

• It has a lean 3-layer protocol stack that can be mapped to five of the seven in the OSI model.

• TCP/IP can be used with any type of network, even different types of networks within a single session.


SummarySummary Course Descriptions

Communication System Structure– Basic Block Diagram

– Typical Communication systems

– Analog or Digital

– Entropy to Measure the Quantity of Information

– Channels

– Shannon Capacity

– Spectrum Allocation

– Modulation

– Communication Networks

EE 3200: Communications Principles College of Engineering at Wadi Alddawaser.

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