[Boox I.transferred from the category of proper names.(O.)_Also the latter, (0,) or both, (],) Asma creeping thing that is found in the sands of'A41 and of Ed-Dahnd: (0, 1:) or a large [sortof locust, or thA like, such as is termed] ,rese~b the ;t., (AUn, V, TA,) having acret (J. Xi), (AljIn, TA,) not found saveupon [one or the other of two ~peci of plants,i. e.] a or an 1, : (AI.n, ], TA:) butAlan mentions only the latter form of the word,11l .(TA.)

J;: see J,, in two places.

;j4: see 1, irst sentence. -[Hence,]One who knows his companions: pL. sI*0. (0,4.) The cheif, or head, (Mgh, ]C, TA,) of apeople, or party; (1V, TA;) because he knowsthe states, or conditions, of those over whom heacts a such; (Mgh;) or because he is known assuch [so that it is from the same word in the lastof the senses assigned to it in this paragraph];(];) or because of his acquaintance with theordering, or management, of them: (TA :) ortde [or intendant, supsrtenmdent, overseer,or inspector, who takes cognizance of, and is rsponsiblbfor, the actiosu of a people], who is belowthlie u.j: (., O, ;:) or the manager and super-intendent of the affairs, who acquaints himslf withtl,e cicmstance, of a tribe, or of a company ofmen; of the measure o in the sense of themeasure tU4: (IAth, TA:) or the orderer, ormanager, of th affairs of a people, or party; asalso t J.1: (Mb :) pl. as above: (Q, IAth,M#b:) it is said that he is over afm person, andthe ~ is over five ., then the j.; is overthese. (M9b.) It is said in a trad. that the ,1are in Hell, as a caution against undertaking theoffico of chief, or head, on account of the trialthat is therein; for when one does not performthe duty thereof, he sins, and deserves punish-ment. (TA.) - [It is now used as meaning Amonitor in a school, who hsars th lessons of theotAer ,aolart.] -8ee also Jj, with whichit is syn.

oh The olding, and the ercising, of theoce ;of 4. (if, Mgh,* 0, Mb,* ]. [Aninf. n.: see 1, in the middle of the latter half.])

3I,3: ee J,. , in two places.Jl, A ;t>& [or divinr]: (0, O, Mqb, V :)

or the former is one who informs of tAh past, andthe latter is one who informs of the past and ofthe future: (Mqb:) or, acoord. to Er-Righib,[but the converse of his explanation seems to bethat which is oorrect] the former is one who in-forms offuture events, and the latter is one whoinforms of past events. (TA.) Hence the sayingof the Prophet, that whoso comes to an Jl,/ andasks him respecting a thing, prayer of forty nightswill not be accepted from him. (O.)-. And(M9b) An atrooger, (IAth, Mgh, M9b,) wholays claim to the knoge of Ahiddn, or in oibb,things, (lAth, Mgh,) which God has made to be-long ecclusively to Himedf: (IAth:) and this is

[said to be] meant in the trad. above mentioned.(Mgh.) _- And A phycian. ($, O, ].) - AndOne who sms [for_,.-. I read.. A] the ground,and thus knows the places of water, and know inwhat country, or district, he is. (ISh, in TA,art. o .)

and V 4 are syn., (S, 0, .,) like,g4AandSle, ($, 0,) signifyingKnoving; [&c., agree-ably with the explanations of the verb in the firstquarter of the first paragraph of this art.;] asalso t ~., ($, 0, ],) but in an intensive sense,which is denoted by the ;, (S, 0, TA,) meaning[knoing, &c., much, or well; or] knowing, oracquainted aith, affairs, and not failing to know[or recognie] one that has been een once; (TA;)as in the phrase, ,)4 tvjj Jq.,j [A man much,or nell, acquainted with affairs]. ($, 0.) - Forthe first, see also J .i.-It also signifies par-ticularly [SkilUed in di~ e things;] pos ing

knowledge of God, and of his kingdom, and ofthe rway of dealing mll with Him. (TA.)_.See also jj.;S. l Also, the first, [Patient;or] very patient, or having much patience; syn.;0.; (AO,, o, O,;) and so *Jj; (S,0,] ;) of which latter the pl. is ji . (1.) Onesays, UW * qj s J 1 [Such a ow wassmitten,or afficted,andwasfound tobe patient]. (S,O.) And E 1 : L : ., meaning ,LC [i. e.I restrained a patient soul, or mind]: (O, TA:)like the phrase tG ~s in a verse of 'Antarah[cited in the first paragraph of art. no] (S,*O.) And t JSj ;. means [A soul, or mind,]enduring; very patient; that endures an event,or a case, when made to exerience it. (TA.)

[is pl. of aUIG , and] means Patient she-camels. (IB, TA.)

asu a subst; p. I see . firstquarter, in two places.

Jk., [dim. of 01(, i. e. signifying One po-e ui little kn~wge &e.]. One says of him in

whom is a sin, or crime, -. 1 . [He isnne other than one po~e little knl~ ].(TA.)

'-as-. &, is mentioned in "the Book" of Sb as

used in the phrase U ^. J,~ .IU [meaningh/is is more hnown tan this]: irregularly formed

from Jj;a, not from jil. (ISd, TA.)_Also A thing havg what is te~ed J [i.e. amane, or the likeL (, 0,.:) femn. : pl.,masc. andfem,J (10) It is applied to ahorse, (Mgh, ~, TA,) meaning Having a fumane, or muc hair of th man. (Mgh, TA.)And to a serpent (O, ) such as is termedX l [which is described as having an Ja.(O.) And the fem. is applied to sh~camel,(], TA,) meaning High in the hump: or nrmm-bling the male: or long in her J. [or mane]:(TA:) or havng what rem~bles the JO byreason of her fatnes: or havinug, pon her nech,fur lihe the Jg. (Qam p. 611.)_The fem.

is also used as meaning The &a [i. . hya, orfemal~ hyena], because of the abundance of itshair (g, O, V, TA) of the neck, (0, V, TA,) orbecause of tbe length of its J;. (TA.) - Andone says J.sl.L A log, or tall, camer's Aump,having an . ". (TA.) And %' *lI t Amountain having what resm~bls the J... (TA.)And ig Li t A high mountain-top. (TA.)And j.!L j` $ t Hig ruggjed ground. (TA.)

.J, ($, O, g [in one of my copies of the 8written j~/]) and .;" also (1Iam p. 47) sing.of Jll, which means Theface [and faces], andany part thereof that appears; as in the sayingJ,W1a..il L... l [A man beautiful in theface, or in the parts thereof that appear]; (., O,1 ;) because the person is known thereby: (TA:)or, as some say, no sing. of it is known: (]garp. 146:) and some say that it signifies the beawties,or beautiful partU, of the face. (TA.) Er-Ri'eesays,

0

[M~ufling our faces, or tAe parts tlreof thatappeared, me fold, or folding, to them tAshe lgaof the bI (a sort of garment).] (., 0: but thelatter has u . '. ) And one says, ; ;.J3l.l, meaning [May God prtere] the faes.(0, i) And j: JLa1. C , Te faurof such a one, whereby he was Aknm to me, hawwithered, like as the plant withers: said of a manwho has turned away, from the speaker, his love,or affection. (TA.) And .iJl X. H . is ofthose rho are kno~n; [or of thoe who areacquaintanc,;] (0, X(;) as though meaning >..l}.J!I LS.3, i. e. of tilose hlaving faces [wherby

they are knon]: (0:) or )1 j..* meansTh/oe who are entitied to the man's love, or affw-tion, and with whom ho has acquaintanec; [andsimply te acquaintances ofthe man;] and is pLof V . (iar p. 140.) W'jl J4Q1 meansThefaces, and known parts, of the land. (TA.)

lih The place [or part] upon which gro~ the.( [or mane]; (., Mgh ;) the place of the eJ.

of the horse, (O, J, TA,) from theforelock to thewithers: or the ~J upon which grOws the Jj.(TA.) But the phrase 4m 1 JaA , ,lyjmeans The cu~ttg [or taking] of somewhat fromthe ~J of th beat. (Mgh.)

i. a sublt. [signifying Knoldge, cognition,co~nizane, or acpaintance; &c.: as such havingfor its pL J1;, meaning orts of know~dge :]from . signifying as expl. in the beginning ofthis art.: (Mqb:) or an inf. n. therefrom. (., O,

-) 8.See also J,a, last sentence but one.- [In grammar, A determinate noun; opposedtoR,-]

-j" [pass. part. n. of X, q. v. -] Food rn-dered fragrant. (TA.) l And Food put part

I

t

1

2016

6,1 ' A t

Boox I.]upon part [app. so that the uppermt portionresembles a man or the like (J)]. (TA.)[Golius, as on the authority of J, and henceFreytag, asign to it a meaning belonging to*5,. -o.~.] - Also The place of halting [of the pil-grims] at . (0, O, .) - And in a trad.of I'Ab, the phrae J l occurs as meaning

After the halting at a, [or rather ;.,A ]. (TA.)J,/, [Known: and particularly well, or comn-

monly, known]. # J..j*l and*t .J;, (O, Mb,J, TA,) accord. to Lth, but the latter is dis-approved by Az, having not been heard by himon any other authority than that of Lth, (0, TA,)[though there are other similar instances wellknown, (see ,`, and .;1;,)] signify the same[i. e. A known affair or erment &c.]; (0, Msb, ~,TA;) as also V si. (M!b, TA,) - [Hence,in grammar, The active voice; opposed to .]_ See also JOy, former half, in seven places.

0. IC- **5 C,. .0_ aba ,jI Land having a fragrant j.s;

[or odour]. (TA.) - J~ Oq A mnan havinga purnt pustule, termed a65, come forth in tiewhitenes [or palm] of his hand. (S.)

J..j; [part. n. of 8, q. v.]. 'Omar is related.to have said, t.ZaJI 1 L,, meaning [Driveye awvay] those who inform again.st tlhemselves [orconfess or aeknowledge the commission] of some-thing for which castigation is due to them; asthough he disliked their doing so, and desiredthat people should protect them. (TA.)

.h [applied to language, or a phrase, orword, means Knowm by common conavntionalusage]. One says, . J It known[by common conrentional usage] among them.(MA. See also

.C~ A certain plant, (?,) or a sort of trees[or shrubs], (C,) grorving in plain, or soJft, land:n. un. with; : (S, I :) it is said to be of the trees[or shrubs] of tie .s [meaning either spring orsummer], soft, or pliable, dut-coloured, and havinga rough produce like the j [or prickly headsof thistes and similar plants]: (TA:) Aboo-Ziyid says, (O, TA,) as related by Aln, (O,)that it is of swet, or pleasant, odour, dust-coloured, inclining to greenness, having a yellowblossom; (O, TA;) and when it becomes aggre-gated and abundant in a place, that place is calledjt4.9: (O :) it has no grains nor tho,is: (0,TA:) it and tha A$j and the A .grow in plain,or oft, land, and on the mountain; and none ofthe has thorns: its firewood is the best of fire-wood in odour, and the q~ucet in taking fire andin blazing: (O :) AWn [also] says, certain of theArmb of the desert informed me that its root iswide, occupyg a [considerable] piece of ground;and it sends forth many shoots, proportionate tothe root, witut leave, [but see eo.,] beingonly lender shoots, at the extremitiesa w~heref are[buds, or the like, uch as are termed] .j, at the

2017

heads of which appears a yeUlom substance likehair: and he says that, accord. to the ancientArabs of the desert, it occupies a space like thatof a man sitting, becom rowhite vAhen it dries up,has a yelo~ produce, is eaten in the fr~ anddry stats by thc camedl and ~sep or goats, and itsflnme is ntenly red, whence one says, i_1 .J5a~ .~l;~ or [As though his beard weretha blazing, orflaming, of an 'arfajeh or of 'arfaj].(TA.) The fire of the CJ is called :j:l U[The fire of the two walks]; because he whokindles it walks to it, and when it burns up hewalks from it: (T, TA:) or because it quicklyblazes and quickly subsides; so when it blazesthey walk from it, and when it subsides theywalk to it. (O. [See also art. JA.j.]) Whenthe greenness of plants appears in it, it is termedLae.i 'a;gJ,. (Aboo-'Obeyd El-Bekree, TA.)When it has been rained upon, and its stalk has

-.- ,

become soft, one says i h,. i: when it

has become somewhat black, j,': when a littlemore so, Lj!: when more so, . 1 1i: and whenits i are perfect, .es.I. (AA, TA.)

4 1i ; JI [Like the benfit con-ferred by the rain upon the 'arfajeh], meaningits flling upon it when dry, and causing it tobecome green, is a prov., said, accord. to AZ, tohim upon whom thou hast conferred a benefit andwho says to thee, Dost thou confer a benefit upon

me? (TA.)- I.l J signifies A certainmode of coitus. (0, .)

Sand in which is no road. (O, . [Inthe latter it is expL as though it were a propername.])

iis [A species of mimosa; called by Forskilmimosa &rfota; (see his Flora Egypt. Arab.,pp. cxxiii. and 177;)] a sort of trees of the[description termed] ,c, (. , 0, J,) vhich exudes[tle gum called] 3J, and of which the fruit(,t) is vhite and round: ( :) it has a gum ofdisagreeable odour; and when bees eat it, some-what of its odour is fou>rd in their honey: (TA :)AHn says that, accord. to Aboo-Ziyid, it is ofthe LbU, and spreads upon the ground, not risingtowards tat sky, and has a broad leaf, and asharp, curved thorn; it is of those trees of whichthe bark is stripped off and made into well-ropes;(O, TA;) and there comer forth from its fruit(.; ) what is temned ii't, [i. e. a pod,] resem-bling a bean, (0,* TA,) which is eaten by thecamels and thet shp or goats: (0:) it is said byanother, or others, that its fruit (LW) is caledaw.j, and is white, as though frin~ed oith cotton;(O, TA;) lie the button of the shirt, or somewhatlarger: (0:) Aboo-Ziy6d [further] says, (TA,)it is compact in its brancAes; has no wood that isusefil like other woode; and has abundance iofgum, which sometimes drops upon the ground untilther are, beneath the trees, what resemble greatmillU-~tos: Sh says that it is a short tree, thebranchLs of which are ear together, having many

thorns; its height is like that of a camel lyingdown; it Aas a smaU, diminutire leaf; growsupon the mountains; and the camels eat it, par-ticularly deiring tAe upper extremities of itsbranchae: (0, TA:) [the word is a coell. gen. n.:]the n. un. is with ;. (O, ].)

Isi "" 1 Camesc that eat the [kind of treescalled] 1J. (TA.)

1. ;1 j, (S, O, M;b, B,) nor. , (S, O,Myb,) inf. n. O (S, O, Mhb, 1) and ,;(S,O, g; [see an ex. of the last voce 1 ;])and * 1;a; (, O, ;) He ate off tIh Jxl,from the bone, (S, 0, Mqb, V, TA,) taking itwith his fore teeth: (TA:) and one says also1.J tj ;G.p3 [meaning as above]: (LI, TA in

art. uw :) and .; Vl 1 .jsl is likewise said tosignify above. (TA.) 3 lJI Jl ci; J --

J I pared off what wn on the bone, ofJlsh, with a t , i. e. a large, or broad, knifeor blade. (TA.) - And [hence,] eitJI ^;ic,aor. as above, i.e. [ThA years, or droughts, oryears of drought,] took from him [his esh, orrendered him lan]; namely, a man. (TA.)

[Boox I.joipiece of skin in which food is put and upon whichone eats], (TA,) owhat is termed an ij> [q. v.].(Q, TA.) c- , (, O0, Msb, P,) aor. , inf. n.d.^, (Mqb,) He smated. (, 0, O, .) -And[hence, app.,] 1.V, inf. n. jy, said of a wall, Itbecame moist: [or it exuded moisture:] and inlike manner one says of earth, or land, when thedew, or rain, has percolated in it (lt. ;i) sothat it has met the moisture thereof. (TA.) -[It is also said in the TA, in the supplement tothis art., that : 1~l :.,$ means ..;: butI think that the phrase is correctly 9] 'ijP?; gand the explanation, c-ti: meaning Idid to him good: see art. ).. and LS..] - And, (0, (],) inf. n. j,, (TA,) signifies also Hewas, or became, heay, sluggh, lazy, or indolent.(0, ]C.) ~ ' ', inf. n. iUlJ, It had root: andhe was of generou origin. (MA.) [See also 4,latter half.]

2: see 4, third sentence. -_ j.,I f, (0, 0,to,) inf. n. ; (, , 0, ,) He mixed the wine,[Nith water,] not doing so immoderatdy: (., 0 :)or he put a little water into it; as also e ? gl;(. ;) or the latter signifies he put into it somewater, not much: (s:) [but] accord. to LI,.,Jl t'',,,% signifies I fdled the cup of wine:or, accord. to IAir, .f.Wll 4 signifies I putlittle nwater to the eup of wine; and so Vt tvijl:but thle former of these two phrases is also expl.as meaning I mixed the cup qf wine; whetherwith little or much water not being specified:(TA:) and rJj l * V,j~ signifies I mized[rwith nater the wine, or portion of wine]. (HamI')- 61.) __ u .i, -C, O, g, TA,) in. n.as above; (0, ;) and t3jpMl; (0,], TA;)lie put into the bucket lea water than what would.fill it, ($, 0, g,) on the occasion of drawing:(, O:) or he put little water into the bucket;and so ;t,l ],J [into the thin]: (TA:) and ,.;,1Ul ). Put thou les than rhat wo~ld fll it intothe ves,el. (T.) _ - ,Jh Thou madest asign ,vith a thing, that had nothing to verify it,[or madest a fale display, or a rain promise,]and didst little. (IAUr, TA in this art and inart. ~)t.) - ;;j. l Jipo, (0, TA,) inf. n. asabove; and ~tjl; (TA;) He made the hors[to sweat, or] to run in order that he might rweat,and bicome lean, and loM hit fabbiness offlesh.(O,' TA.) - See also 4, again, in three places.

4: see 1, former half. _ 6; JjAl He gavehim a bone with esh upon it, or of which theJfesh 1ad boen aten. (TA.) - And [hence,app.,] !' e.; C. and t ^j L I gav himnot anything. (0, TA.) - And Jj ls He gavehim to drink pure, or unmixed, wine; or winewith a little mixture [of water]. (yHam p. 561.)- See also 2, in four places. -, I il l:see 3, last sentence but one. -j .J 3jl, ($,0, ],) and tt1, (s,) e tees, (f, O, ],) andtle plant, (Q,) ~etended their root into the earth;

(S, 0, ,* TA;) in the ], ,l is erroneouslyput for S;.!, and so [in one place] in the 0;(TA;) as also tV ;,3, said of trees, (M, 0, TA,)and't ? ;, (M, TA,) and in like manner, t ~jjl,and t j,mjl, said of trees, i. e., struck their rootsinto the earth, as in the A: (TA:) [but accord.to Mtr,] in the phrase i t 4 41 .j*j jJ., meaning [A man of whom a tree]whlreof the root crept along beneath the ground[into the property of another], in [one of tilebooks of which each is entitled] "the W4li'vit,".Z3 should correctly be c . (Mgh.)_[Hence,] one says, Jll'; .l,;l si .1 [Rispaternal uncles and his maternal uncles implanted,or engendered, in him, by natural transmission, aquality, or qualities, lpose~sed by them, or what istermed a strain]; (S, 0, TA; [in which themeaning is indicated by the context;]) and so? .ya. (L, TA.) [See also the saying ;

1~ ~S ~.! i J &i in the second quarter ofthe first paragraph of art. .rj-.] And I.:1, (S,O, [agreeably with the context in both, in likemanner as it is with explanations of phrases herepreceding,]) or Lj,l, (g, [but I know nothingthat is in favour of this latter except a question-able explanation of 4j& which will be mentionedbelow, voce J*j,]) said of a man, and likewiseof a horse, (S, 0,) He was, or became, rooted(tl4J), (8, 0, g,) i. e. one having a radical, orhereditary, share (,0 ,J), in generousness ornobleness [of origin, which, accord. to the S and0, and common usage, seems to be implied hythe verb when used absolutely], (S, 0, IK,) andalso in meanness or ignobleness [thereof; mcaninghe had a strain of, i. e. an inborn diLsosition to,generousness or nobleness, and also meanness orignoblenessl. (S, 0, O,g.) [Sce an ex. in a versecited voce .v,, in art. S.,b. And see also thelast form of 1 (sa) in the present art.] = jotalso signifies He (a man, S, 0) nwnt, or came,(;., i, or jl1, g,) or journeyed, (ic, 0,) toEBL'lrd : (S, 0, Ig:) and 1 I.slT The,y enteredupon, or took their way in or into, the country ofrlI-lrda. (Th, TA.)

5: see 1, former half, in four places: mand 2,former half: and 4, former half, in two places.-,jU J i L2 j 3i Walk thou in the shade of

my she-camel, and profit by it, little and little.(TA.) -- --- ;Le lie n,restled with him, andtook his head beneath his armpit and threw himdown. (J.)

8: see 1, first sentence: and 4, former half:- and the same, last sentence.i- ac 3cj l He took the she-camel and tied the cord called,*1j to her.*LJ. [or halter, or the like]. (TA.)

10. ja;.1 HIe exposed himsef to the heat inorder that he might sweat: (IF, 0, ] :) he stoodin a place on which the sun siwne, and coveredhimslf with his clothes [for that purpose]. (Z,TA.) - See also 4, former half. - c.J, lJ1 Te camnls patured near to the sea or a

great river, i. e., in a place of pasture such as istermed /jt,: so says AZ: or, as AIHn says, thecamels came to a piece, or tract, of land, such asis termed ,j i.e., one exuding water and pro-ducing salt and giving growth to tree. (TA.)

Q. Q. 1. J1i .41 c, inf. n. 'ls, I bound, ortied, upon the leathern bucket the two cross-pieceof rood called the ejuAs. ($.)

gj (S, o, M.b, K) and t 1; (R) [the latteralso a pl.] A bone of vwhich the fl!eh has bentaken: (S, 0 :) or a bone of wnhich the leh hasbeen eaten: (Mob, . :) or a bone of which mostof the flesh has been taken, some thin and savouryportions offlesh remainingt upon it: (TA:) or theformer signifies a bone upon lwhich is fle : andone upon wukich is no flesh: or, as some say,whereof most of tlat twhicah was upon it has beentaken, some little remainingi upon it: (Mghl:) or,as some say, a piece of flesh-meat; as also?t iJ: (TA:) or 0 signifies a bone with itsflesh : and t jl1, a bone of wtich the fleds hasbeen eaten: (K:) thus they are correctly expl.accord. to Ez-Zejjijee; and the like is said byAZ respecting Vt !j: (TA:) but accord. toA'Obcyd, this signifies a piece of le~a-~sat; andIAmb says that this is the right explanation, be-cause the Arabs say 0l.aJI *11, and they donot say ; t l *Ai: (Har p. 26:) [or, app.,the Jlets-meat of a bone: and likewise the por-tionu, of trees, titat are cropped by camels: (see,~; :)1 the pl. (of s, S, MIgh, O) is ?,l,;,

(S, Mgh, 0, , ,) which is extr., (lAth, .K,) a pl.of a measure of which, as that of a pl., there arefew instances, (ISk, S, O,) [see an ex. vocet,1] and 11,, also, (IAnr, I~,) which is morea,recable with analogy. (IAar, TA.) - AlsoA road whirh men tr tel [as though they paredit] so that it becomes plainly apparent: (]g,*TA:) an inf. n. used as a subst. [properly sotenncd]. (TA.)_ Sec also J , near the end.

Aj A certain appertenance of a tree; (S,Mglh, O, Mob, ] ;) the root thereof; or the partthercof tiat is beneath the ground; (MA;) or itsbraunching roots [colectively]: (TA:) pl. [ofmult.] j .(S, 0, Msb, ) and 3j. and [ofpauc.] 3~1l. (..) - It is said in a trad., i

LM , oJ; , (S, Mglh, O, Mb,) i- e-. -,IJ,, (Mgh, O , Msb,) meaning [There is noright pertaininuj] to him wtho plants, (, Mgh, 0,Msb,) or sons, (S,) in land, (Mgh, Msb,) or inland which another has brought into cultivation (S,O, Mob) after it has been waste, ($, O, M9b,')r:wrontidly, in order that he may havw a claim tothat land: (S, Mgh, O, Mb :) the epithet beingtropically applied to the .,., (Mgh, Msb,) as itproperly applies to the owner thereof: (Mgh:)but some, in relating this trad.,, sayjtf I,making the former noun to be a prefix to thelatter, governing it in the gen. case. (O.).. Theroots of the U j;'l (, .1l ') are long, red,penetrating into the moist earth, succulent, com-pact, and dripping with water: and to them, inI

Igrmt

river, i. e., in a place of p~re such as is

:

so

says AZ: or, as AHn says, the

camels

came to a piece, or tract, of land, such as

is

termed j1 i.e., one exuding water and pro-

ducingsaltandgiving.qromthiotron.

(TA.)

Q.

Q. l. ', ' 1 J &'O' . f. 0 'a'

in

.

n.

W.G, 1 bound, or

tied,

upon the kailtern bucket the two crom-pieces

of

rood

called the ejuA.19.

jo

(, 0, Msb, K) and (]g) [the latter

also

a p].] A bone of ivitich theflmh hat ben

taken:

(.11, 0 :) or a bone of witich the M Am

been

eaten: (Mob, l:) or a bone of mAich mM

of

the flesh has been taken, some thin and savoury

portiom

of.flesh remaining itpon it: (TA:) or the

former

signifies a bone ulion ivltich is jWa : and

one

upon rh irh is no jYesh : or, as some say,

mlwmf

most of titat tvhicla icas upon it litu bmn

talion,

some little iemaininq ripon it: (Mgli :) or,

as

some say, a piece of JW&-meat; u also

9,6,

!A, .

(TA:)

or 0 'fies a bonewith its

J&

,.& signi

flesh

: and a bone of witich tlwfled& Aas

been

eaten: Og:) thus they are correctly expl.

accord.

to Ez-Zejijec; and the like is said by

AZ

respecting 01.&: (TA:) but accord. to

A'Obeyd,

this gignifics a piece of~~at; and

1Amb

says that this is the right explanation, be-

cause

the Ambe say jlpWI -- 1 1, and they do

' anot

i;ay,;Lwt (klar p. 26:) [or, app.,

diejWt-meat

of a bone: and likewise the por-

timm,

of trees, titat are cropmd by camels: (we

the

pl. (of 0 ' 8, Mgii, 0) is

Q5,

MAi, 0, ],) whicii is extr., (1Ath, ],) a pl.

of

a

measure

of wliicli, as that of a pi., there are

few

instances, (ISk, S, 0,) [see an ex. voce

and

also, (Uy, ],) which is more

a,~,able

witla

analogry. (IAar, TA.) - Aloo

A

road whirh inept ttyieel [as tibough they pared

it]

so that it becomes pluip#ly apparent: (]g,*

TA:)

an inf n. used as a subst. [properly so

tenned].

(TA.)- Secalso 1_ , near the end.

oi&06

j,s

A rmain apperienance of a tree;

Mgli,

0, Mob, ];) the root tliereof ; or the part

tlicreof

tltat

'U beneath tlw ground; (MA;) or its

brartcltitW

roots [colkctively]: (TA:) pl. [of

mult.]

0, Msb, and j!,p& and [of

pauc.]

-It is said in a tmd.,

Offil.'JL4

k, (,5, Mglt, 0, M9b,) i. e.

_,Jui,

(Mgh, 0, Mabj rneaning 1 [Tlwm is no

rigitt

lwriainiivj]

to kim ivho planu, (?, Mgh, 0,

Mshj

or sonw, (,) in lapid, (Mgli, Mab,) or in

lat;d

whirh

anothm. has brouglit irato eukivation ($,

OP

Mob)

aj?er ig Atu been waste, ($, 0, M9b,#)

in

order that lw mav havo a claim to

that

land: (, Mgh, 0, Meb:) the epithet'being

tropically

applied to the j.P.01 (Mgh, M9b,) as it

properly

applies to the owner thereof: (Mgh:)

but

some,

in relating this tra

making

tite former noun to be a proMx to th:o

latter,

governing it in the gen. case. (O.) - The

roots

of the (UWj.)l jjj'&') are long, red,

penetrating

into the moist earth, succalent, wm-

pact,

and drippiniz with water: and to them. in

2018

BooK I.]atrad., certain camels are likened in respect of ttheir redness and plumpness and the compactnessof their flesh and fat. (TA.) -_ jJI also sig- lnifies A certain plant ith vwhich one dye: (., o:) or jla certain plant used by thedyers, called in Pen 4-,;j [or 4 , ;j], (m ,TA,) i. e. yeUol wood: (TA:) or i. q. ;;jl: or

, (~,) or ; J O l: (TA:) orJI .bjl: S (I :) all which are nearly alike.

(TA. [See also AIhtLJLI iiX, voce J4.])-And J.:t ,JaI Madder, (l,1, TA,) wnithlwhich one dyes. (TA.) - And ,bJl Jjs.JI Acertain plant that fattens women; also called

;-A.ll. a (~)-[i- sueems sometimes tosignify Straggling plants or stalks, spreading likeroots: see m 4. - And it signifies also Sproutsfrom the roots of trees: see C .] - And j ,signifies also The root, origin, or source, of any-thing: (J, TA:) and the basis thereof. (TA.)[And particularly The origin of a man, consideredas the root from which he springs: hence 3,s

tjSl is said to be applied by Imra-el-.Keys toAdam, as the root, or source, of mankind; or toIdJmael, as, accord. to some, the root, or source,of all the Arabs: (see " Le Diwan d'Amro'l-kais," p. 33 of the Ar. text, and p. 103 of the

Notes:) and the pl.] tlj~l signifies the ancestorsof a man. (Ilar p. 034.) [And A quality, ordislodition, possessed by a parent or by an ancestoror by a collateral of such person, considered asthe source of that quality or disposition in adescendant or in a collateral of a descendant: andsuch a quality, or disposition, when transmitted;a strain; i. c. a radical, a hereditary, an inborn,or a natural, disposition: and a radical, or here-ditary, stare in some quality or the like: pl.

Ol;{I.] One says, " {. 3~J s{1m [Goodqualities or dispoitions po~esed by a parent or byan an~estor or by a collateral of such a person, orstrains of a good kind, extended to him]; andS laI or . [evil qualities or dispositions &c.,or strains of an evil hind]. (TA.) And ,pW!

;C [The natural disposition is rwont to enter;i. e., to be transmitted to succeeding generations].(TA in art. w,~, q. v.) And . >,[i. e. >, or, accord. to more common usage,~.1, meaning She implanted, or efgendm~ed, inthem, or among them, an enil strain, or radicalor hereditary disposition]. (TA in art. ,.b.)And..j$l ) 3j* 3 [Hle ha a radical, or lAere-ditary, share ingenerousntm or nobene~ of origin]:(S, 0:) and in like manner one says of a personbetween whom and Adam is no living ancestor,

to j [He ha a radical, or hriditary,share in death]; meaning that he will inevitablydie. (0. [See also j J.])- [Hence, app., Alittle, or modicum, or mall quantity or admixture,of something]. One says, Lb . , ,j3 a,and 4 , i.e. In it is a litle, or a mod~ , ofacidity, and ofaltne~. (TA.) Ad "5! JI*1J. >.u In the wine u a small quantity [oradasi~ture] of rater. (., 0, V.) - Also A cer-

tamn app~rtan of the body; (0, M.b, K,FA;) i. e. the hkollo [canal] in rwhich is the (blood; (TA;) [a blood-vess; a vein, and an bzrtery: also any duct, or canal, in an animal Ebody: and sometimes, though improperly, a nerve: lor any one of the appertenances of the body that tren~nble roots :] pl. [of mult.] ' ' (0, Msb, 10) [and -1j (],) and [of pauc.] sAl. (Msb, ].) r[Hence it may be applied to A spermatic duct: land hence, app.,] it is said in a trad., ;i; t

l3JA.U, meaning t [Keep ye to [fasting, for it is] a cause, or means, of stopping lvenereal intercourse: or an impediment to venery, 1and a cause of diminishing the seminal fluid, and lof stopping venereal intercourse or passion. (T^ (and TA in art..__.). --j' & means Thepores through whiclh exude the moisture of theearth. (TA.) - And (i. e. jl 3jj.&) i. q.

;ijl i,:" [the significations of whiclh see inart. ... ]. (TA.)~ij... also signifies Thebodly. (g, TA.) Thus in the saying, Z J!j,Jl [Vcrily he is corrupt, or imlnure, in repect

of the body]. (TA.) -And Milk. (K.) Onesays, j;31 ilI sJM6, meaning Tty she-camelhas a cont!ant .flow, or abundance, of milk: orhas constant milk. (TA.) [See also %.c, firstquarter.] - And Numerous oJffpring: (IAnr,K:) or milk and offsxwing; as in the saying,Ai iiluL e ';A C [How abundant are themilk and qo/,pring of thy camels and thy swtep orgoats!]. (TA.) [See, again, 3j, first quarter.]~ Also Salt land that gives growth to nothing.(K(.)--And (K) A piece, or tract, qf land exudingmater and producing salt, (AHn, 1C,) that givesgrowth to trees, (AlIn, TA,) or th at gives growthto the [rpecies of tamarixs called] USb: (. :) asignification the contr. of that in the next pre-ceding sentence. (TA.) -And A mountainthat is travelled, or traversed: (TA:) or a moun-tain that is rugged, and extending upon the earth,(1,' TA,) debarring one by reason of its hesight,(TA,) and not to be ascended, because of its dffi-cult nature, (K, TA,) but not long. (TA.) AndA smal mountain (]K, TA) apart from otlhers.(TA.) Thus it has two contr. significations.(1.) - And A thin &. [or elongated andelevated tract (not Je~ as in the CK)] of sandextending along the ground: (], TA:) or anelevated place: pl. Jjl. (]~.)--See also jt1,latter half, in two places,~ . + 3- and ;icJ;. (the latter of which 'is that commonlyknown, TA) signify A thing of which one is t}na-cious; (0;) a thing held in higAh estimation, ofwhich one is tenacious, (S and .K and TA in art.;,e,) andfor whAicAh people vie in desire: (TA inthat art. :) but [said to be] used only in a case ofnegation: one says, "; IS & L,meaning It is not, in ,y estimation, a thing ofany value, or worth. (TA.)

3j Swreat; i.e. the moisture, or fluid, thatczudes (S,* O, , TA) from the shin of ananimal; (V, TA;) or the water of the shin, thatruns from the roots of the hair: a gen. n.; having

2019

io pl.; (TA;) or no pl. of it bas been heard:Mb :) Lth says, I have not heard a pl. of 3al;but if it be pluralized, it should be, accord. tosalogy, 0lwc. (O, TA.) - It is metaphoricallytsed [in a similar sense] in relation to other thingshan animals. (].) [Thus] it signifies Theexuded] moisture of a well: (K:) and in likemanner of earth, or land, when the dew, or rain,has percolated in it (1I4 .) so that it has methe moisture thereof. (TA.) - And The ,w,[or honey] of dates; (] ;) because it flows, or cx-ides, from them. (TA.)_ And Milk; because itlows in the ducts ( 3j ) [thereof] until it comesLt the last to the udder: ( ,:) or milk at the timef bringing forth; as in the saying, j ,j1 iL. Howr abundant is the milk of thy sheep, or

7oats, at the time of their bringing forth ! (AZ,O.) [See also *j, latter half.] -And (K])The offprring of camels: (S, 0, ] :) so in thesaying, 421 i tj 1 bt [Hor numeromu are theosfpring of his camels !]. (8, O.) [See, again,*3~, latter half.] - And Advantage, proJit,utility, or benefit: (0, ], TA; in [several of]the copies of the second of which, 1l is erro-neonsly put for i;ll: TA:) and a recompense,or rewyard: (K, TA; in some copies of the formerof which, ;,odJl is erroneously put for 1.1.1:TA:) or a little thereof; (!, TA;) likened to3 [as meaning "sweat"]. (TA.) SJI/1.j means A thing that one givsa, or yields, foi.friedship: (S, O, TA:) or a remardfor frieul-srip. (TA.) A poet says, namely El-IHrithIbn-Zuheyr, describing a sword named Cjl1,(0, TA,) belonging to Milik Ibn-Zuhceyr, whichIjamal Ibn-Bedr took from him on the day whenhe slew him, and which El-HIirith took from.Hamal when he slew him, (TA,)

* ,t3t ~4 c;l a

[And he shall tell them the place of En-Noon,from me, and that I was not given it as a rewardforfriendship]; meaning, that I took this swordby force. (0, TA. [In the ., the former hemi-stich of this verse is given differently, and, as issaid in the TA, erroneously.])_- p O i -

1 3J (which is a prov., TA) means [I er-perienced from such a one] hardship, as expl. byAs, who says that he knew not the origin thereof;(S, 0,) or di~iculty, or distress, as expl. by IDrd:(0:) and it is said that the j3, [or sweat] is ofthe man, not of the 1* [or water-skin]; and theorigin of the saying is, that water-skins (.,.i) are[generally] carried only by female slaves thatbear burdens, and by him who has no assistant;but sometimes a man of generous origin becomespoor, and in need of carrying them himself, andhe sweats by reason of the trouble that comes uponhim, and of shame; ($, 0;) wherefbre one says,*jA 3sc- j 3 [expl. in art. .,q], (S,)or w1 3cj ;iZ ._* [likeaise expl. in art.,.Z.]: accord. to Ks, the meaning is, I have

sfiered fati~ , and imposed on nmyaf dffi-e,lty, for the, [or in coming to tee,] so that Ihaw seated li th eating of th waters~ :or, acord. to A'Obeyd, I have im po w ponmyself, in coming to the, what no on ha at-tained, and what will not be; because the Adoes not sweat: (0:) 1 i -- is a metonymicalexpremion for hard/ip, and d~fcty, or distress;because, when the i sweats, its odour becomesfoul: or because it hs no sweat; therefore it isas though one imposed upon himself an impos-sible thing: or it means the beefit of the &j;(which is th fo~g of it water, TA;) as thoughone imposed upon himself such a task that he be-came in need of the water of the ;sJ, i.e. ofjourneying to it; or it means a A4 [or plaited

qory] whicA the camrer of the puts overhis cht [whenA carrying the AO on hi back]:

(C:) accord. to IAr, it signifies the suenory(jX.Z.) by means of which the V is carried;as also t'i; (O, TA;) the j being substitutedfor J: (TA: see art. j :]) but he says also that"Ij j, means ons sweating with the Ae by

reason of the difficulty, or trouble, of carryingit; and 'tt, that by which it is tied, or bound,aund then suspended: (L, TA:) the former is alsosaid to signify the t jl. [q. v.] of the A, thatis ewed around it: (TA:) or it means that onehas impo~ed upon himself di.~lty, or troubtle,or fatigue, like that of the car~re of the J, whoswcats beneath it by reason of its heavinesm. (.)

jp also signifies A heat; i.e. a single run,or a run at once, to a goal, or limit. (, O, .)One ays, de;.; ij or The Tho eran a heat or two heats. ($, O.) Also A rowof horse, and of bird~, (?, 0, M9b, ,) and thelike; (~, Meb;) and any thin di~poedi a row;(S, O, I, TA;) as also V a Js; (TA;) or thislatter is the n. un. [app. signifyinr oM of sachas coml,oe a row]: (f:) pL J,r1 and -,;;.(Myb.) [See an ex. in a verse of Tufeyl cited inart. j.., conj. 5; also cited in the presentart. in the S and O.] _ And Any row ofbrircks, crude and bahed, in a wall: one says,

---- #- I,- j and [T - a The0~J).3 15)0 J n I.j 3.[builder built a row of bricks and two rows thereof ]:(], TA:) pl. '. (TA.)_- And Roads inmountains; as also * JJi, (1, TA,) with fet-hand then sukoon. (TA.) And Foot-maruks ofcamels foloUing one another: (I, TA:) n. un.* 33&. (TA.) [See an ex. of the latter vocev,^.] A poet says,

*;s ,[And tAey had w~oe in the desert, or waterlmdeet, foot-marks in their folowing one another].(TA.) - And A plait ofpal-la (f, O, Myb,]) Ic. (M, O) before a J. [so in the C and 0]or J,ij [so in the ], both meaning the ame,i.e.a bat,] is mad therewith: (?, O, ]:) ora 0J*' itdf: ( :) or hence ($, O) it signifiesalso (f, O, Mqb) a j (f, O) or [what is called]a JS (Mgh, M9 b) and J4, (Meb,) of largeAs, woven of palm-eave, (Mgh,) capable of

3.,conta'ivng fifPen times as much as the measuret~ nnedt, as some say, (Mgh, Mqb,) or thirtytimes as much as that meamure: (Mgh:) also pro-nounced t j. (.) _- [And A suspensory of ai J s: ee am .., in art. j... (A similar mean-ing has b"en mentioned above, in this paragraph.)]- See also ;s. . And Raisins. (]. [But thisis said in the TA to be extr.: and I think it tohave been probably taken from some copy of alexicon in which " has been erroneouslywritten for .])

. $ Co Milk of which thefaouw is corrutby the mweat of the camel upon which it is borne;(?, 0, ];) the ain containing it being boundtupon him without any preervative between it andhis ide. (g, O.)

;a: see J33>.

3i a pl. of !1.& [q. v.]. (Lth, AZ, ~, &c.)- It is also expl. by IAcr as meaning People

of oun in reigiom. (TA.)l-.: see jj.:~and see also j), last

quarter.

i.i: see pt., in four places.

.H: see 3j, last quarter, in three places. _Also The piece of aood, or timber, that inter,'ebetm the [or any] two rows of bricha of a allU.($, O, V, TA. [JL., in this explanation in theCV, is a mistake for t.,k, with J.]) _- AndThe border ( ) that is won in the ides of the[tet ca i,,. (S, O.) See also ,5', lastsentence. - And The v. [or whip], with whichone beats, or J~ (lJ.) - And The plaitedthong with which a captive is bound: pl. ;UOand [coll. gen. n.] V l: (':) or laU signi-fie [simply] plaited thongs ( ). (, .)

0~~*i

a,, (t, O, ],) which is agreeable with gene-ral analogy, and 1 ,, (], TA,) which is notso, but which is used by some in the same senseas the former, (TA,) A man who rweata much.(, O, ]~, TA.)

3)., originally v e: see ;*, of which it is acoll. gen. n.

[.v~, said by Reiske to signify The inner andthin skin in the egg of an ostrich, is evidently amistake for ,]

U0-: see y..: ~ and the paragraph herefollowing, in two places: - and see also {,,.

{1'p (O, v) and V 1Oj and ' ai' (V) Aroot, race, tock, or aource; syn. .;: (O, ] :)or a wource of walth or property: or the mainportion of the root of a tree from which the [or minor roots] branch off: (g :) or, as somesay, SW). has, this last moaning; or, as others

0,0~~~~~~~~~~~.say, t 3 3 . (Ltl:, O.) They said, 41 ' ...L?,t3U)~ and .,4.; if they pronounced thefirst letter with fet-l, they so pronounced the last

[Boox I.letter [before the pronoun]; and if they pro-nounced the former with kesr, they thus pro-nounced the latter, regarding the word as pl. of

.t Ui;,: (] :) or, accord. to Lth, the Arabs arerelated to have said, U^ 411 X;jtl, l, meaning_4. t [i. e. May God utterly destroy their race,sto4, or family], pronouncing the Zo with nafbecause regarding the word as [a sing.] like

; or holding it to be pl. of t Y.,, but pro-nouncing the ; thus like as they do in saying.3 ;t1j: it is said, however, that this is amistake; that only he should pronounce it thuswho makes the word to be a sing. like *'2.(O.) [The saying is a provey., mentioned byMeyd, who adds another reading, namely, ,A3l,holding this to be from t Aij. meaning "the 1.that is woven around the J1UL" :" and Freytag,in his Lexicon, adds also &j.~, with nayb, as onthe authority of Meyd; in whose "Proverbs" Ido not find it.]

,.Uj [accord. to general analogy without ten-ween and having for its fern. .sv, or accord. tothe dial. of the Benoo-Asad with tenween andhaving for its fern. L15.,] Sweating. (Msb.)

., .....

~l ;iAp, is thus, (S, O, ]9,) with fet-h to the~, (~, O,) like $.J, (1~,) and should not be pro-nounced with damm to the first letter; (, 0, O ;)and * t3t5 signifies the same; (]~, TA; [in theCId, erroneously, lU,S15; but expressly stated inthe TA to be with fet-h snd then sukoon ;]) i. e.The piece of wood. that is put across the j_i [orleathern buctet, from one part of the brim to theoppoite part]: (TA:) the O~Zi being the twopicesof wood that are put athwart the 1.s. [tokeep it from collapring and for tbe purlse ofattaching thereto tle well-rope], like a crow:(Ay, S, O, ] :) pl. jlc; (S, O, 1 ;) and if youpluralize it by suppressing the S [of the sing., orrather if you form firom it a colt. gen. n.], yousay v , originally "5., ($, 0, L,) then ,and then . (L.) _ X j,; ! also signifiesThe two pieces of wood that connect the b1..,[or fore part] of the [camed's saddle called] ,and the ;.p [or hinderpar tltereof]: (S, 0, :)or, accord. to Lth, two pieces of wood. which areupon the 1;: [q. v.], on the two sides of the[camera saddle caUed] ;3. (0.) _ lmeans t Calamity, or misfortune: (S, 0, ], TA:)for it is [properly] the 1; [or leather buckt];

and _jJl is one of the names for calamity: oneBays, 1

2021BooK I.]0:) an illb that extends, not high, but over-topping what is around it, near to the ground orsot near, and larying in different parts so that

one place thereof is soft and another place thereofrugged; being only a letel portion of the earthovertopping what is around it: (ISh, TA:) andJ~lj1l is also said to signify continuous, or con-nected, .,t&, that have become as though theywere one long t.4 [or abrupt, water-worn bankor ridge] upon the face of the earth. (TA.)-Ji?alI signifies also The collar-bones (U.;JI),in the dial. of El-Yemen. (L, TA.)

~I,F, meaning A thing [i. e. a close-fitting cap,generally of cotton, to imbibe the sweat,] which isworn beneath the turban and the [cap called]$;;ju, is a post-classical word. (TA.)

t3li: see W&, in four places. - Also, and* i, , i. 'q. J (o, O) ;jl X [app. meaningClear water, whetller much or little; or a littlemater remaining in a buchet or skin]: (1 :) or,accord. to the L, the former word is pl. [orrather a coll. gen. n.] of the latter in this sense:(TA:) and ~ t; signifies the same. (1.) -And A copious rain: (f :) or so t l3 [only].(TA.) - And 1 ,Jl "j The herbage that hascomeforth after the rain. (Ibn-'Abbd, A,O, ].)

,1. The double uture that is in the lowerpart of the [leathern water-bag called] 4;p anda.ji;; (Lth, 0, .K;) and this is of the firmestkinds of suture therein: (Lth, O:) or the auturethat is in the middle of the ^,3 [or water-skin]:(TA:) or the pi~ce [or strip] of skin that is putupon the place where the two etremities, or edges,of the [main] shin meet when it is sewed in, orupon, the lomer part of the ;.lp: (] :) or theappertenance of the 1, and of the ;tj, &c.,which is [a strip of skin] doubled and tlen sewed[theron thus] doubled: (Myb:) or, accord. toAZ, the [piece of] skin that is doubled, and thenseod upon the lower part of the [water-skin ormilk-skin called] .'tL: ($:) and, (1,) accord.to Ay, (, ,) i.q. .; (6, 0, 1;) i.e. thepiece of shin with which tlh punctures of the seamsare covered: (, ,0: see also 3C, latter half:[and see 1u :]) pl. ~j (Lth, AZ, ., O, g, TA)and ~ (TA) and /,,l; (Lth, O, TA ;) the lasta pL of paue. (Lth, O.) And p.j I S. signifiesThe Suture urrounding the [round piece of shincalled] pi, [q. v.]. (1.) - Also earnes, to-gdher, of the stitch-holes in a skin or hide: [so Irender lJI Uti3; reading J11 : and it seemsto mean ablso unformity thereof: for it is added,]hence the prov., 31t s , meaning t His affairis mifmnn, right, or rightly dispo& (TA.) -Also The sids, or shore, (Lth, 0, 15,) of water,(15,) or of a sea, or great river, alon the wholelegtthereof. (Lth, O, ]- [It is said in theV that &; is pl. of 1;, in this sense: bt after-wards, that the pL of the latter in all its enses isXi; also; to which the TA adds J5.]) Andaccord. to AZ, Any pauturage adjacent to a great

river or a ea. (TA.) And *, j, (1,) oroJlI, (TA,) T border of the rivuet Lfor

irrigation] (, TA) by which the water enters a1.1_ [i. e. garden, or garden of palm-trees mur-roded by a mall], (TA,) from its nearest to itsfurthet cetremity. (V1, TA.) - Also The plu[app. meaning side (but see this word)] of amountain, by itself; [or so, perhaps, . l ;]and sot 3 [or ..]. (Ibn-Ab6bd, 0, 6.)

And, as also t , Remains of the [plants,or trees, called] S:;. (5.) -- I. I J$; TL7court, or yard, in front, or eltending from theside, of the hoiuse. (TB, g.)- _ j ' 31, T/uecircuit, or surrounding edge, of the ear. (1g.)

1,i 1 TheM sh rrounding the nail (],*TA.) _ l .JI s he intestin that are abovethe navel, ying breadthise, or across, in the belly.(1.) _ And j, signifies also The inside offeatler. (AA, 1.) - The QIj.l! of the horse'ssaddle are The two edges of the eij,, at theforepart of the saddle and its hinder part. (IDrd,TA voce ,2,, q. v.) - [Also A pace, or rateof oing.] One says in relation to a horse, on theoccasion of drawing forth the sweat, and of care-ful tending, and fattening, 311J J6 a..1 )>ld 3IpI j>jsclJ, meaning [Urge, or make,thou him to go] the vehement pace and the inferiorpace. (Ibn-'Abbd, O, TA.) J-;WI1 is the nameof A certain country, (S, O, Msb, ;) vel hnown,(Msb, 15,) extending from 'Abbdddn to ELIMor-fil in length and from Elg-ddiseeyeh to .~ulwdnin breadth; (1 ;) masc. and fem.: ($, O, Msb,15:) said to be so named because upon the jt*c,i.e." side," or "shore," of the Tigris andEuphrates: (0,' 1: [in which, and in otherworks, several other supposed derivations arementioned, but such as I think too fanciful todeserve notice:]) accord. to some, it is arabicized,(0, O, Msb, 1,) from a Pers. appellation, (S, O,)i. e. from .S~ X>!v (As, 0,* ], TA,) of whichthe meaning is [said to be] " having many palm-trees and [other] trees;" (1 ;) but [SM justlysays,] in my opinion the meaning requires con-sideration. (TA.) . .. sl,l) is an appellation ofEl-B.raA and El-Koofe. (,O, 0,.)

A', (? O, 0,,) applied to a man and to ahorse, means [Rooted, i e.] having a radical, orhereditary, share, (3i. ;J, ?, 0,) in generous-ness or nobleness [of origin, which, accord. to the0 and 0, and common usage, seems to be impliedby the epithet when used absolutely], (S, O, 1,)and also in meanness or ignobleness [thereof; orhaving a strain of, i. e. an inborn disposition to,generousness or nobleness, and also meanness orignobleness]. (8,' O, .) And you say also.wIAl I W and , I 4 [Such a oneis rooted, &c., in generoumnes or nobleness and inmeanness or ignobleness]; and Z3 V t 3jIJ '

jJt; (.,o0;) and Z I, jj [the part. n. being formed] on the supposition ofthe suppression of the augmentative letter [in its

verb, which is J,st]: (TA:) and in like manner,(8, O, TA,) in a trad., (0, TA,) a man of whomthere is no living anestor between him and Adiamis said to be ;JI j )t Va * (., O, TA) i. e.Made to hare a radical, or hereditary, share(jA) in death; (O, TA;) meaning that he willinevitably die. (., 0, TA.) [In the Ijam p.438,f o,,, is expl. as syn. with Oie: but in theverse to which this explanation relates it is evi-dently employed in the sense of the act. prt. n. of

jo, . ph .~"...l * ..i',- las used in the phrase eJlIj lI ,civPI,q. v.] .Lj4 ,0 means [A boy,oryoung man,]slender, or spare, and light of spirit. (TA.)

J3!0: see 0jl, in two places.aul Of, or belonging to, the country calladlt. (Mob.) .- al> tl means Camels that

yaure upon what are termed 3j;r, i. e. remainsof the [plants, or trees, called] ui*.: (15, TA:)or, app., accord. to Az, camels of, or belonging to,

5lW^l as meaning the water of lenoo-Saad-IbL -Mdlik and Benoo-Mdzin: or, as some say, of, orbelonging to, the j!1& u meaning the side, orshore, of eater: and it is also said that theepithet in this phrase is a rel. n. from jWa1 [thuosin my original, without any syll. sign and withoutexplanation]. (TA.)

Zi , with teshdeed [to the j], A thing [app.a cloth for imbibing the re,at] that is put beneaththe tW [app. meaningpad] of the [or horse'saddle] and the a4i [q. v.]. (TA. [Tho wontrd3J_, which I have not found anywhere except inthis instance, I can only suppose to be an arabi-cized word from the Pers. or Turkish "~,which is commonly pronounced by the Turks

.~ , with . and L, and which means a pad,or a piece offelt, mput beneath the saddle to preventits galling tie beast's bach.])

.l [act. part. n. of LD]. A poet says,

41 , , , &~ jSI510..~j~ ~ 0iL f--

[I restrain my tongue from my friend; but if Ibe compelled to have recourse to him in a case J'need, I am one who gnar to the utmost: ,being here an inf. n.]. (S, 0: mentioned in bothimmediately after the explanation of;,ll t .)-And [the pl.] j;4l nignifies The i. [i.e.teeth, or lateral teeth, &c.]: (15:) an epithetin which the quality of a subst. predomi-nates. (TA.)....And The C; [i. e. years, or,drouhts, or years of drought]; so called ~1X,i.J'l J' , (1], TA, in some copies of the KX V, 1,) i. e. because they take from the man[his flesh, or render him lean]. (TA.)

"~JI ,2~d " ,p1, The night, in the year, mostabundant in milk. (O.)_ [~ja1 is also a com-parative and superlative epithet signifying More,and most, rooted in a quality or faculty: regularly

0

0

2022 [BOOR I.

oi

. s 0~~~- .forned from J", or irregularly from wy&l: buperhaps poset-classical. (See De Sacy's "AntholGram. Arabs," p. 183, lines 1 and 3, of the Artext; and p. 441 of the Notes, in which he haiexpressed his opinion that it signifies "qui a jetido plus profondes racines.")]

I-.,Oja. an inf. n. of 1 in the sense first expl. i;this art. (., O, J.) - [And a noun of placesignifying A place of sveat or of Jveatijng of ayanimal; such as the armpit and the groin: pl0~. - Hence,J %sl j~ib i. q. "1 [i. et The places trheAre the main body of the santends, anl where it is thin, not dee,p]: likened tathe j)t of the animal. (TA.) -And j.,[thus in my original; perhaps a., as denoting"a place of sweat," like 'r from ;jl.It; or$ ~,a, as being likened to a utensil, like ;jI:,and as being in form agreeable with many wordsdenoting articles of dress;] signifies An innermosegarment for imbibing the sweat, lest it shiouldreaed to the garments of pride [i. c. tihe outer gar-,tents]. (TA.)

,j'. Wine (, h) having a littile ater putinto it; (8, I;) and so * &a., (., O, I,) ap-plied to .;.J [which likewise signifies wine, orthick wine, '&c.]; (, 0;) and t / , (1,)of whlich last no verb has been mentioned: (TA:)or IF signifies wine (J*) pure, or unmixed:or hatving a little mixture [of water]. (IJamp. 5L1.) . See also .s, in three places.

i.. : see m`. - [Accord. to Reiske, asmentioned by Freytag, it signifies Rain that ap-pears to the people of El-Yemen from the regionof 1l.'Ird .] M_ -- *.J1 j means TIhouhast le.ft the truth apparent, or manifest, between

s. (TA.),a An iron implement, or a hnife, or broad

knife, or broad blade, with rohieh otne pares a bonewith someJ l&h upon it, removing the flesh. (TA.)- see also 3ja.

53,, 0 #a.3,l~: see ij~,; in four places: _ and see

5JY A bone of which th fleh has ben [eatenor] throrwnfrom it. (TA.) -And Aman havinglttle . h; (]g;) and so.Util j,;a.; ($,O,

;) and t , (., O, TA, [and probably incorrect copies of the ], but in my MS. copy of itand in the CV 1 Js , which does not accord.with any of the explanations of its verb,]) and.ILII - ~j;a; t (TA;) and t a, and ja.a1. (1(.) And A horse having no Jlh uponhis .J [meaning bone of the legs]; as alsot ;:... (TA.) And &aLJI jj., appliedto a horse, in which the quality denoted therebyis approved, Having no flsh in the cheeksu:(TA:) and I.>1 O a man having littleJlUsh in te cheeks: (., 0:) and v * *~,(] and TA in art. ,,J,) and 1, a manharing liUtb ~ tpon t ft, and upon tAhe

t ankle-bones: (TA in that art.:) and t 3a applied to a horse signifies [i. e. renderedlean, or light of fsle, probably by being made tc

s weat, agreeably with an explanation of the lattere pithet, and thus radically differing from 3jaand j .]. (TA.) See also 3Ia..-And

I -

t.Z and 3 s: see ; the former intwo places.

Q. 1. aji.l H lie lwocked, houghed, ham-strung, or cut the hock-tendon of, the beast. (S,A, O, .h), And t ij He raised hisri ocks,(namely, a camel's, 0,) in order that he mightstand up: (0, VC:) he assisted him (i. e. a camel)to stand up, by raising [his hocks]. (TA.) Thusthe verb has two contr. meanings. (,.) - And

I -3., t Ie practised artiflce, craJft, or cunning.(0, ].) One says, Jj iA ;;ai ijI t [ IVhen thy debtor wearies thee,] practise art fice,&c. (AA, 0, TA.)

Q. 2. j,s3 IHe mounted a beastfrom behind.(O, TA.) - And t lIe took his course along thenarromo roads, or nays, of the mountain, whichare called l) (S,0, .) And JjaJs4 o ant BHe pursued a iay hidden from his ad-vecrsary: said when one adopts another andeasier course of speech.. (TA.)-And Ja.at l t te tlic turned away, or declined, rom

Othe affair. (' ' ) ; ! l; 'I jk i'.

4iFt [When he puts of tie fuoflment of isyromie, he acts lilte A rab (a man notorious forputting off the fulfilment of his promises); andwhen lh promises, he acts lihe 'Oroob] (A, TA)is a prov. (TA. [See the following paragraph,last sentence but one.])

(O, [The tendo Achillis, or hei-tn;] acertain tense, (T, A, Mgh, Myb,) or thick, (o,) orthick and tnse, (J , 0,) tendon, (T, S, A, Mgh,0, Msb, ]C,) behind the tmo ankle-bones, (T, A,Mgh, Msb,) above the heel; (S, O, 1K;) the thingthat conjoins the slankl and the foot; (Ay, TA;)in a human being: (S, O, 6 :) pl. ;4J. (TA,&c.) The saying of the Prophet, "915& ki,s X [IVoe to the heel-tendons from the fire of

Hell] means, to him who neglects the washing ofthem (Mgh, M9b) in the [ablution termed] K..4.(Mob.) - [In a beast, it is in some instances al-plied to The lck, or hough; i. e.] the w. JO ofa beast is that which, in its hind leg, correspondsto the 7Lj [or knee] in its fore leg: (S, O, :)[in other instances, it is applied to the tenlon ofthe hock, or homugh; i. e., to the hamutiig; for,as] Ay says, in every quadruped, thc iolown arein the hind legs, and the s ir the fore legs;(, , TA;) and the tw of the horse is thetendon that eonjoins the part wherein meet thethai; (here meaning the ometatarsus] and the jC[here meaning the tibia]: (TA: [he says "ofthe horse," instead of using a more comprehensive

t term, app. because he is describing that animal:])t it is, in a quadruped, the tendon that [correspondso to that which in a human being] is behind the two

ankle-bones, betnwen the joint of the foot and thehank/: in a human being it is a little above the

heel. (TA, from an explanation of a trad. [Thislast explanation evidentlyemploys terms accordingto their applications in the comparative anatomyof quadrupeds and human beings, and thereforereqtuires the words which I have supplied. That,r~c, in relation to a beast, signifies the hock-

tendon is well known: and that it also signifies thehock itself is shown by a usage of the verb .j.;(for it is by raising the hocks that a man assistsa camel to stand up), and by an explanation voce

~,-] .W *l~ S [It iu anevil thing that has compelled thee to hate recoursto the marrow of a hock] (1(, TA) is a prov.(TA) applied to him who seeks to obtain a thingfrom a mean, or sordid, person; (C, TA;) forthe -3-, hlas no marrow. (TA.) And onesays, I U;JJ EP3 C < ; [Sucha one smites the hockh-tendons of camels to slaughterthem, and striles the sdtins of camels to make themlie down that he may mount them in haste];meaning that he entertains gutests and gives aid,or succour. (A.)-- .r* is a name ofT7A Thirteenth Matnion of the AIoon. (lzw:see IlJl, in art. ~;.).. yj, j is an appella-tion given to Any bird from which one awjursevil to camels, because it mounds them in the hochsor hock-tendons ( .) (Meyd, TA.) TheArabs say that when the bird ealled .! [q. v.]lights upon a camcl, its hocks, or ihock-tendons,will assuredly be laid bare: and accord. to the[0 and] g, 1,4l1 .e is an appellation of The[bird called] 31j;. [which is said in the S &e. tobe thc same as thie J,ld]; and [%g, and SMadd that] thcy regard it as of evil omen. (TA.)-_ UlIl :. - means Tte O'C [or hank] of theWi [or sand-grouse]. (S, 0, ].) To this a thing

is hyperbolically likened to denote its shortness:one says ULil .s Xe Sl; [A day shorterthan the shank of the ba!ta]: (L,TA:) and apoet says, (S, &c.,) namely, El-Find Ez-Zim-minee, (O, L, TA,) or, accord. to Seer, Imra-el-leys Ibn-'Abis, (IB, L, TA,)

[And my arroavs, with their notches, like theshanks of ash-coloured sand-grous]. (., 0, L,TA.) _ . , also signifies t A turning, orbending, part of a valley: (] :) or a part of avalleyin whidrls is a great turning or bending. (., 0.)And A road in a mountain: (g :) or a narrowroad in a mountain: or a road in a deep valkly,in which only one can walk. (TA.) And [thepl.] .?, The prominenes, or lwojectingparts, of mountains: (O, K, TA:) and the ntdistant, orfar-extending, roads, or way:, thereof:(Aboo-Khcyreh, O, TA:) for [in travelling moun-tains,] you follow the most easy way, wherever itbe: (Aboo-Kheyreh, TA:) or the narroow roadsor ways, in the hard and elevated parts, of moun-

BooK I.]tains. (.,0, 1.) And [hence, app.,];)a'l ^i et Great and diffcult affairs: (., 0, 15:) as alse3lj .a (8,0.) -_ And A mountain alwayJcrowned with clouds, not rained upon. (TA.) -Also tArtijice, craft, or cunning; or a stratagem,or trick. (0, 1f. [See Q. 1, last signification.])- And t Knowledge (;l.) of an argument, aplea, an allegation, or a proof (0, ]g.) Alsothe name of a certain man of the Amalekites,(S, 0, 1f, TA,) or, (so says Ibn-El-ifelbee, 0,) ofthe Benoo-Abd-Shems-Ibn-Saad, (Jm, 0, TA,)but this is said to be of no authority, (0,) or ofEl-Ows, (Jm, TA,) the greatest liar of his time,(15,) proverbial for breach of promises: (S, 0:)El-Ashja'ee (whose name was Jubeyha, 0, 1I)says,

,. ,

(0, 0, g, TA) i, e. t Thou promisedst, but breachof promise was an inherent quality of thee, like thepromise of 'Orkoob to his brother in Yetreb;which is in El-Yemimeh; or, as some relate it,n-'~, i. e. El-Medeeneh, or, as some say, theland of the Benoo-Said; but the former is themore correct. (TA. [See also Ijar p. 160.])And one says, 4 0 4. X 0 [Heis more metulacious than 'Or!oob of Yetreb].(A, TA.)

1. 0.c , (,O, 1,) aor. , (8,) inf. n. ~.,(8, 0,) lIe rubbed it, or rubbed and pressed it,or did o rell; syn. i.j; namely, a thing; (.,0;) such as a skin or hide, or a tanned skin orhide, and the like. (TA.) - And [He wore itaway by scraping, &c. ;] he craped, rubbed,chafed, or fretted, it, until he erased, or effaced,it. (b.) -.Hence, i .. ,LX, aor. and inf. n. as above, meaning t [He

acted] as though he scraped, &c., [with his side,]what had proceeded from hi. companion, until heerased, or effaced, it: (TA;) [like as a camelallays an itching by rubbing with his side thetrunk of a tree: i. e. he bore, or endured, whatproceeded rom his companion: for] USS l j;. means [i. e. t He bears, or endures,annoyance, or molestation; or forgi~s it, andfeigns himsef neglectful of it]. (O and 1 inexplanation of Aa.) _ And U. &Al '~ymJt, in n. as above, t [I fretted, or ground,or crushed, the party in the war, or battle.] (.,O.) And q. ; r[i. e. ,lit., 7/ wmar, or battle, rerolmed upon them likethe mill or mill-stone; meaningfrtted, or ground,or crusd, them]. (TA.) Zuheyr says,

* ,; ieD LUj ,(0) meaning i And it, i. e. war, wilfret [or grindor cru~ ] you, as the mid ith it skin put be-neath it, upon which thour fall,frets [orgri~nd]the grain; and it, i. e. war, will conceie two

Bk I.

years, one after the other; then bring forth, andgive birth to twiu: he makes war's destructionof them to be like the mill's grinding of thegrain, and the various evils that are engen-dered from war to be like children. (EM pp.123-4.) - 01 Ij, (MA,) inf. n. X.c&, (MA,KXL,) He rubbed, or rubbed and presed, [orgenerally, as now used, he wrung, or twisted,] hisear. (MA, KL.) _- ~1' .p, aor. and inf. n.as above, He felt her back, namely, that of ashe-camel, &c., doing so much or often, to knowher state of fatness: (TA:) and .;J '.i Hefelt thte hump, to know if there were in itfat,nes or not. (S, O, TA.) _ ~ ldd., (S, K,*) inf. n. as above, (TA,) The camelmade an incision, or a cut, in his side with hiselbow, (K, TA,) and rubbed it, or rubbed andpressed it, (TA,) so as to reach to the flesh, (1X,TA,) cutting through the shin: (TA:) in whichcase the epithets * 1'j.~ and t ~. are appliedto the camel. (]g.) [See also Xc below, whichindicates another meaning.] - , (Lh, 1,TA,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (Lh, TA,) alsosignifies t He put upon him evil (Lh, 1., TA)and misfortune: (:, TA: [the Cg has J,L* 6. &.Ia~1.i jAMt 4A, meaning evil and mifortune

assailed him, instead of yij l 4ia J_-,as in other copies of the K and in ihe TA:])and, as some say, ' h signifies he did evilto him, or brought evil upon him, repeatedly.(TA.) _- 1,J~ ',,Jl Jo Tlme, or fortune,rendered such a one eperienced; or trained, ordisciplined, and reformed, or improved, him. (g,TA.) _- _J 1 >} j- I ef A

. ,1f He l thecames amid the plants termed ., to obtainthe what tley wanted. (Lib 1) -.itPl k ' l,I The cattle ate thAe plants, or herbage.( -f.) _- '- -. said of a woman, (S, 0, g,) or

of a girl, or young woman, (Lh, TA,) aor. ',(S, O) inf. n. (, (0, 10 ) and ;, (0, f)and b, (1I,) She mmtruated; (., O, 1g ;) asalso ? '~,~l. (~.)_ " ,(1],) [aor. :,] inf. n.., (TA,) He was, or became, such as is teed

; [q. v.]; strong, or vehement, in striving, con-tending, or conicting, (15, TA,) and in might,courage, valour, or proes, (TA,) in mar, orbattle, (1, TA,) and in altercation. (TA.)

3. ;, (TA,) in. n. Jabt; . ($, 0, 1I, TA)and . 1!s, (TA,) He fought him; contended withhim in fght, or battle: (.,* 0,- ,- TA:) 1Qsignifies the act of fighting; and thruutig at andwounding, one anotherl, in fight, or battle. (KL.)- And bJ.s signifies also, in relation to camnels,The prsing, or crowding, one another, at, or toget to, the water. (TA.) [See also this wordbelow. And see 8.]

4: see 1, last sentence but one.6: ee the next pagraph,

8. Ib , (., 0,) or 1 I, ,(], TA,) [and t tjbjW3, mentioned by Freytag,

and agreeable.with analogy, but I do not find anyauthority for it,] They pressed, straitened, orcrowded, one another, ($, O, TA,) and rubbed,or rubbed and presed, one anotuher, (TA,) orstrove together, and fought one another, (15, TA,)in the place of fight, or battle; (S, 0, I, TA;)and .9 IJt i [in altercation]. (TA.)-And ;,l ) ti %b- ;t The camels presed,or crowvded, one another, in the coming to water.(K.) [See also 3.] ' -,.b:., (Ibn-'Abbad, 0,) or &., (1g,) said of a woman[menstruating] She stuffed her vulva with a pieceof rag. (Ibn-'Abb4d, 0,1.)

Ak, [originally an inf. n.,] accord. to El-3-

'Adebbes El-Kinianee, i. q. jl., i.e. An incision,or a cut, made by the elbow [of a camel], in thearm, [probably a mistake for in the side, (sec 1,near the middle of the paragraph,)] so as to reachto the flesh, cutting through the shin, by the side !ofthe callous protuoberance upon the breast. (O.)

A- j[See also j.-, in art. j_.] - [Hence, app.,] j, as used by a poet, [the dual, it seems,

being put for the sing. for the sake of the rhyme,as it ends a verse,] is a metaphorical term forThe vulva of a woman; the J, in its primarysense being in the camel. (TA.) Also Thedung of beasts or birds of prey. (O,-.) 1And Herbage trodden and eaten. (TA.)

.3 Fishermen; (AA, S, MA, 0, 5 ;)asalsot --- ; (MA; [but this I do not find elsewhere ;])and 13j-: (0, 1 :) one of whom is called y ,(AA, S, MA, 0, 15,) meaning a fisherman nwhoholds in his hand an iron implement having fioeprongs: (MA:) ;` and ts?, being like ',and ~.w.: (AA , S, 0:) [i. e. .> is the n. un.:]accord. to the 1g, A and 3 are ps. of ;but IAth says that Oj.c is pl. of j;g e (TA:)hence .- is used as meaning sailors, or mariners,(AA, 8, 0, If,) because they fish, not as being[properly] a name for them: (AA, 8, 0:) Zuheyrsays,

..,.,.,,,,6 j .S 'O* JJ).aJl A.JJl t Ab ~ l $| A1-[The camel-drivers cover with tuem the middle ofthe eleated expanse of sand like as thA seamencaue the was of the dep to cover the silM.]:but AO related this verse otherwise, saying j.,,in the nom. case, and making .3il to be an epi-thet applied to the :., as signifying , J.j [asthough the meaning were, like as the coUllidingwaaw of the deep cover the hips with their surf].(S, O.) - Also i. q. .C.. [A sound, noie, voice,&c.]i and so t *. ($, 0O ,.2 _It is also thesubst. denoted by the phrase ,J1 tU ; 1 ii[q. v., app. as meaning The act of leavin camelamid the p~uage termed ,, ., to obtain tAereofwhat they want; a meaning given In the 0 as anexplanation of .t #;q., which is perhaps in thisinstance a mistramcriptioa]. (1.)

255

I

I

2023

` A man who throsm don, or pr~strateo,Ahi antaigoiat mucA, or omP; syn. p; (g,0;) in the V and in some of the copies of the QCt;,, like g.; [which is app. a mistranscrip-tion;] (TA;) strong, or mhement, (?, O,' ,TA,) striving, contnding, or coiting, (V,TA,) and in might, courage, valour, or pronms,(TA,) in war, or battle, (4, TA,) and in alter-cation; (TA;) as also QtId: (,TA:) pl. ofthe former bjj s. (W, O, V, TA: in the CV1it,9' )- ~A J: and t ; Sand, orsands, intermingling; (IDrd, O, V ;) ua also* .~/~, (L, TA,) which last epithet is erro-neously applied in the V to the word jinstead of j, as is also in one instance V W~1[in the CV in this latter instance written .3 a.*].(TA.) _ See also DJ;.

,it, as meaning A war, or battle, is post-classical. (TA.) _- b " ;, (, (O, ,) andb b, J and '3, (TA,) and .:4u,

(0, O, V,) mean I met hinss once, (g, O, 1,) andtime afer time, and twice, (TA,) and severaltime: (Q, O, > ) the noun not being used other-wise than adverbially. (TA.)

.~se: Meo .Ji., (0, ,) and . ,I. J s, a phre

used by '. bsheh in describing her father, (O,)t One who bears, or endu, annoyance, or mole-tation; or who fion / it, and fei/gn hims7f

glfecfil of it. (Q, g. [See 1, third sentence.])o,:see .;, in two pla.es - a A

witiow, or an imral, or unrighteom, woman;or an adulter, or a fornicatr. (O, ,.)-And A tAhick, gros, coare, or rude, woman; aualso 't. iS . (V, TA. [The latter thus expl. inthe 0, and, as is said in the TA, on the authorityof Ibn-Abbid: in my MS. copy of the ] writtenailI!,; and in the CV, .-])

t a c see the next preceding paragraph.

lp an inf. n. of 3 [q. v.]. (TA.) [Hence,]one says, &llJI~ .I .1 l, (S, 0, ,) or, as in the" Book" of Sb, i.3,J tb.lf, (TA,) He madehtis camebl to come, or go, to the water together;(S, O, ] ;) the last word being in the accus. caseafter the manner of inf. na.; (?, O;) originallytli,; then they prefixed Jl, which does notchange it from its proper state of an inf. n.: (,O, : ) it is like the phrases ,qJ ,. o~t~,11 and Ah ',! (,0:) IB sap that ,lJl;W

and !ei dIst4l are in the accus. case as denota-tives of state; and A .1JI as the in n.: butSb says that they prefix Jl to the inf. n. that isin the place of the denotative of state. (TA.)[See also a similar phrase voce o.: and see averse cited voce ]

.ij, applied to a she-camel, (?, O, ,) i. q.

J)) - .J.f,; (1, o, ?TA;) i. e. (TA) Whose fatne isnot kmm unless byfeeding her hump: or of rwhoehump one doubts rwMther twere be in itfat or not:

J3a: seek.6l.! What is drawn from the udder before

the first ij [or milh that collect i the udderbaetn tro milingy], (V, and before tse secondaid collects: also termed L;.' [perhaps a mis-transcription for iij] and j;. (TA.)

'i:; A camel' hump: or the remainderthereof: (]9:) or ,~.Jt '. signifies whatremains of the hump: (ISkl, , 0:) so calledbecause the purchaser feels that part (;a%I) toknow the fatness and strength [of the animal]:(TA:) pL J3J.~; which is said by some to sig-nify the humps with the bachks. (O.) - [Hence,in phrases here following,] tNature; natural,native, or innate, dispoition or temper or thelike; (S, 0, V;) and oul, ,pirit, or mind. (J.)One says, . l t1 4j1 t Such a one is easy,or gentleb(, ( , ,, TA,) in natural disposition,(V, TA,) sbmiive, tractable; (0,* O, TA;)one whose pride, or haughtins, has been bron,or subdued; (L, TA;) having little contrari-na and aversion: and aj."I 5 twg ins;rit, inompliant, or ressting: (TA :) and '~9AZ4^ His pride, or haughtinews , became broken,or subdued: (?, :) originally relating to thecamel; for they used to betake themselves to thecamel when he had the disposition of refusing tobe ridden or mounted, and incomplianee, and cut[a part] in his hump, it being high, difficult toride upon; and when this was done, he becamequiet, and was rendered inclinable, and the partof him that was the place of riding became easyto sit upon; so one said, '- . -,.j' j;. (Harpp. 5667.) One says also J, , 5j,meaning [A man fortunate, happy, or blest, innatural disposition, or] in mind. (TA.)

;;;: see 1, latter half_Also A thick,trong camel. (, 0, g.) see also -._

And the fem, with ;, A fat she-camel: pl.!Ab,L4. (TA.) - And t A bul/y, corpulntwoman: (, O :) or a woman ugly, or unseemly,(i;,) fJlshy, (], TA,) bulky, or corpulnt,(TA,) and foul; (, TA;) as being likened tothe camel. (TA.) - And the mase, applied toa v,u [or pubes] (T, O, O) of a woman, (T,TA,) La"rp, or big. (T, O, S.) - See alsoJ3~,, last sentence.

,4a: see 1, latter half...- Also (without ;)A woman m~ truating; (, O, J;) and sor 4: (]:) pl. ofthe former 1t,. (O.)

ajna and 1; and V iw and t J 3A place [or scene] of battle, or figAt: (Q, O, V:)pl. [of the first and second and third] IJ.(TA.) It is said in a trad., tO a J ;,,*1; _j I .ti -- [D;o*mmend

[Booz I.thou the market; for it is the battbeound of theDevil, and in it i set up his banner]: meaningthat it is the dwelling of the Devil, and his placeof alighting to which he repairs and which hefrequents, because of the unlawful doings and thelying and the usury and the violence that occurtherein. (IAth, TA.) And it is said in anothertrad, 'o 'J I ' 1 ;~1 ' e A::t [The space of the conflict of the decrs of deathis that betrseen the ages of sixty and eventy].(0, TA.*)

:.'p and ma: see Wf , in three places.

A piece of rag with rwhich a rwomanstu;f her v,ulva (0, f) w/en menstruating. (O.)

!J.J [Much rubbed, or much rubbed andprmsed: &c.: see 1].

* 0 . .*, 4d d b

[More patient than a camel, such as hlas a J&Abmuch rubbed, or muchs rubbed and presed]: or,as some relate it, ~ J-5j, meaning a camelstrong and .thick: the 1Jb1 is a tumour in thearmpit of a canmel, like a bag, straitening him:the saying is a proverb. (Meyd. [See also Frey-tag's Arab. Prov. i. 737-9.])

/f :. fl. Water to which tc reis a pressingor roroding together [of camcls]. (?, O, V.)-_

3 h;lI Land whichl the cattle (8, O, O)pasturing at tihir pleasure (S, 0) hav rubbedand pressed [with tiMir feet] ("te,) so that ithas become barren. (S, 0, ) - And J-J,, : A man preised wit petitions. (TA.)

'j4': .3ee,-;; the former in two plaes

3;a:: see J0-, in two places.

1. .;, aor. ' and , (g, M9 b, ],) inf. n. IL,(., 1) and ;~i. ($,' Mqb,h 1) andS:; (C ;)and .. , aor. , (IMb, 1,) inf. n. ;o; (Mb ;)and .. ; (]; [in which the inf. ns. mentionedabove follow this last form of the verb;] and soin a copy of the t in the place of. a, with j-tonly for the aor.;) He wast, or became, eil in di-po~tion, or ilnatured, and veryers or croor repugnant; (?, Mqb, g ;*) and sharp: (Myb:)or vtehnt, or strong: (I:) said of a boy, orchild: ($:) or of a man: and, said of a boy,or child, (or so [particularly] .. , inf. n. and;, TA,) he bdiaved ino~ and .S~-fidy, or ngrateflly; syn. f or UiJ or j;[all of which signify the same;] or Ae was, or b-came, bad, corrupt, or wicked; '- [to us]. (Q,TA.) And accord. to IAr,, aor. , signifiesHe was, or became, inorant; as also 4j, aud;i. (TA.) [See also"', below.] m; aidof a bone, [app. when burnt,] aor.:, (V, TA,)

BooK I.]inf. n. ., accord. to the copies of the 1 i. q.;, but corrctly j [i.e. It ehaled it scent,

~e , or odour]. (TA.)-- jLiU. (, TA,)in n. ;5;, (TA,) He treated sch a one withilnature, and exceeding perr or croneor re~ugnan. (V, TA.) -,i;%; . (9, g,)aor. A and ~, inf. n..;.; (? ;) and t jA3; (m,V;;) are like 2j; and .3;a; (?;) [i. e.] bothsignify He tripped of the J~ from the bone[with his fore teeth, eating it]. (Ii.) - And inlike manner, (9,) .j .1 j+1 . The cameln[cropped the tresm; or] obtained [pature] fromthe trees. (9, .)- - And lt .j-, (g, TA,)inf n..A, (TA,) Ite (a child) sucked the breadof his mother; (g, TA ;) and Ho &.1 ,S4 L,1.(TA.)

2. . , The act of mixing. (S.) One says,i, ,4 lie mixed it with it. (T1g.)

3. .ijl The contendhng in an altercation, dis-puting, or litigating; and occasitming a,i (i. e.conflict, or discord, or the like,) with anotler;syn. 1a i.; and ; . (TA.)

4. dp lie bromujht upon him, meaning he in-duced him to dlo, a deed [of an evil nature] thathe had not committed. (I.iam p. 707.)

5. ;.II ': see 1, latter lhalf.

8. 1 A .il! The being, or becmning, hard tobe borne, svere, or distressing, said of p [i. e.trial, or conflicts and factions, &c.]. (TA.) -t..;s, said of a mare, Sh rent at random,heedlessly, or in a headlong manner, not obeyingguidance; and deriated from the right course.(.Ham p. 277.) - And, said of a mother, Sitesought one who would suck her breast: or she suckedthe milk from her own breat and spirted it forthfrom her: a poet says,

* . '

[in my original ;$iU3 '; for which I have sub-stituted what I think to be the right reading:i. e. Do not thou become wearied like the motherof the boy if he find not a smcker of her breast,seeking for sueh: or] he means, if she finds not onewho will suck her, she contrives, and milks herown breasts, and sometimes she sucks it [i.e. themilk] and spirts it forth from her mouth: accord.to IAr, this is said to him who imposes uponhimself the task of doing that which is no part ofhis business: or, accord. to Az, the meaning is,be not thou like him who censures, or satirizes,himself, when he finds not whom he may censure,or satirize. (TA.)- See also 1, last sentence.

,,

.C, Grease, or gravy; i. e. the dripping thatewdsfrom~-meat and jrom fat. (I.) AndThe remains of the cookhing-pot: (K, TA:) orthe dirt of the coohkitnpot; as also t ,;j. (TA.)

.Jp The quality, in anything, of being of twocolours: a leopard hau this quality: (Th, TA:)

or, as also t `L, blackes mized writh whitenesu,in anything: or the quality of being pechled withblacknes and whitenss, without largeness of everyspeckle: and a whitecm in the lip of the shep orgoat: (V:) or thus the latter word: ($, TA:)and likewise the quality of being speckled withblack, in tlh car tlhercof. (TA.) Also (i. e.. p)The quality, in a collection of small cattle, of con-itting of ~heep and goats. ()==) See also ;..

.P.: seeg;,t in two places. - Also A dam;syn. $i% : (8, TA:) [or rather dams, agreeablywith what here follows :] a pl. [or coil. gen. n.](]O) having no sing. [or n. un.]: (S, 1:) or itssing. [or n. un.] is V ~, (S, Msb, I~,) whichsignifies, (Kr, KI, TA,) as also t J.,'s, (Kr, TA,)a dam (;tl =, Kr, or ~, K) that is raised acrossa valley, or torrent-bed: (K:) or . 1 signifies[dam suchl as are termed] ', [pl. of u.. ]constructed in valleys, or torrent-beds, (Aln, .K,TA,) in tle middle parts of these: (AHn, TA :)in each of which senses it is said to be used inthe Kur xxxiv. 15: (TA:) or it thelre signifies atorrent of ,which the rus is not to be nwithstood:(Msb:) and a violent rain, (1K, TA,) that is wotto be endured: thus, accord. to some, in the Kur:(TA:) and the male of the [species of rat called].~, (I, TA,) which is tlhe .L, so, Az says, is

there meant accord. to some: (TA:) and, (.I,TA,) as some say, in that instance, (TA,) it isthe name of a certain valley (K, TA) in El-Yemen: so says Az. (TA.)

4*0: see .: m~ and see also k/--. -m AlsoA helmet of iron. (TA.)

ZL0 A. quantity of reaped corn or grain, col-leterd toqether, (S, Msb, K,) trodden out, (~, K,)to be nvinnoned, (S,) not yet rinnomved, (]K,) orthat is trodden out, tlen winnowed: (Msb:)said by some to called only L~a,; but correctly ,,, as is shown by its having for its pl. [orrather coll. gen. n.] t ;, as in an ex. cited by J[in the S]; at-. and j.3- being anomalous:(IB, TA:) and ' 14, of which the pl. is.,signifies the same; (Msb;) or ;a4% signifiesheaps of reaped wleat and of barley. (TA.) And A place in which sand is collected: (S, K :) pl.,~t~.. (IB, TA.) - And it is said to signifyJLd ,.. ;yq [app. meaning A Aeap of dungsuch as is termed Jl;., q. v.]. (TA.) - See also

-~. IAlso Fleh-meat. (Fr,.K, TA: omittedin the Cr.) One says, a ,l ~ij , u 51Verily your dlaughltered camel is saoury in rcspectof the meat. (Fr, TA.) - And The odour ofcooked flesh-meat. (I.)m Also a. pl. of sle[q. v.]. (TA.)

1: see.. -[It is also said, by Golius,on the authority of Meyd, to signify A vineyard.]

~lq g.sd~ is a dial. var. of Xit1 .l, (IAar, K,TA,) as also [41d tpk, and] 0L. _oj,..: onesays, ILb & jIj "tc [Verily, or nowsurely, by God, I wiiU indeed do such a thing].(IAg, TA.)

!;&, [mentioned in the first sentence of thisart. as an inf. n.,] (S, Mgh, Myb, ],) when usedas [a simple subst.] denoting a quality of a boy, orchild, (9, Mgh,) or of a man, (1,) signifies Evil-ne of diition, or illnature, and exceeding pr-

rver~e or crosne or repugnance; (f, Myb, ]j;)and vehemence, and strngth; (Mgh,' TA;) andsharmpne; (Myb;) and annoyance, or molsta-tion: ( :) [and] the quality of quitting the rightcourse, and exorbitanae. (.yam p. 27 7 .) Hence,in a trad. of'Omar, metaphorically used as mean-ing tSharpn and trength of [the beveragetermed] k.i made of raisins. (Mgh.) - AndNumerousness of an army, (9, 1,) and hamrpnes,and vehemence, thereof. (K.) - Also Ignorance.(Fr, TA.) - And The j3 [app. meaning fih-meat] of a bone: and likewise [i. e., app., portions that are cropped by camels] of trees. (S, 1.[See j o, ce ]) One says > .AoI UU 4, [More eil in dispition than a

o orver a piece of sh-meat of a bone]. (TA.)Or, accord. to Az, ;,I IP signifies, (TA,) or itsignifies also, (s,) What faj of th bark of the[tlorn-tres caled] J : (!, TA:) but othersexplain it in a general manner, saying that .*lii;..~1 signifies tze barh of the tree. (TA.)See alsow ".

M# A calamity, or misfortune: (g, TA:)because of its hardness, or pressure. (TA.) -See also.,.A, last two sentences.

. is [app. a reL n. signifying Of, or re-latin to, ignorance; being] said by Fr to be from-*!p signifying " ignorance." (TA.)

.jt and * (S, M9b, C,) applied to a boy,or child, (S,) or to a man, (1s,) Evil in diposi-tion, or ilbnatured, and ry pervrsew or cross orrepugnant; (9,M 9 b, I;*) and sharp: (Msb:)or velemcnt, or strong: (g:) and, applied to aboy, or child, insolent and unthankfui, or ungrate.ful: or bad, corrupt, or wiched: the formerepithet, applied to a man, signifies also abomi-nable, or evil: (TA:) and so its fem. pl. .t;.A t,(S,TA,) applied by a rajiz as an epithet tocreeping [ticks, or similar insects, such as aretermed] jl [pl. of .] ($:) and V.j i said(Msb, TA) by IA9r (TA) to signify ignorant:(Myb, TA:) L". is pl. of.;.tL, and is applied asan epithet to boys, like i;' [pl. of 3t]. (TA.)

[Hence,]l..,t. 'U A vrehemnt tonge. (TA.[See an ex. voco -.]) And ;.tG.;* A dayveheently cold: (TA:) or a day cold in theutmost dere: (g, TA:) and in like manner;.jW I [a night ewemently cold: &c.]: and[the pl. in this sense is.. :] .j1, aIt .UJI signi-fies the vehemently-cold nights. (TA.) ~ Also[Sucking the breast; or] a nsucher of the breast:so in a verse cited above: see 8. (TA.)_

see expl. voce;).

._.p*o Hard, strong, or velchentt; (K, TA;)applied to anything. (TA.) - And Numerous;applied to an army; (S,],TA;) or, as some

255

20aH

[Boox r.say, to anything. (TA.) -And, applied to aman, Having a strong degree of.' [i. e. im-potence, or diiuldty, in speech, or utteranc; orbarbars , or vitiousness, therein; or in speak-ing Arabic].

,ap1 [More, and most, evil in disposition, orillnatured, we.]: see an ex. voce !. Also[Haring thquality termed.s and L.a: femrn.

L.,: and pl. ,p: i.e.] having in it blacknessand whitnes: [&c.:] (?, :*) the eggs of thesand-grouse are .; (, ,* TA;) they aremeant by this word in a verse of Aboo-WejzehEs-Saqdee: (TA:) and sl. is applied to a ser-pent; (.8;) and means a ~erpent speckled mithblack and white; (V, TA;) pl..j&. (TA.) Andi. q. hH: (], TA:) and, some say, G.w:[tdie former meaning Speckled: and the latter,and sometimes the former also, leprous:] fem.tL.a). (TA.) Applied to a sheep or goat,Having a whitmss in the lip: fem. as above:( :) [but] it occurs in a trad., applied to a ram,as meaning white, with black specks. (TA.) AndColoured (g, TA) with two colours. (TA.) Hence... I p; t, [lIme, or fortune, of two sorts].(TA.) _ [Hence also,] applied to a collection ofsmall cattle, Consisting of seep and 9oats. (.,g.) -And Uncircuncized: pl. ,;s, and p1.pl. ; p , (1[, TA,) which is mentioned by AAas an epithet applied to men, syn. with 'a1i [apl. of j.I3]. (TA.) Also a sing. of Ot1signifying Tillers, or cultivators, of land, syn.,il, [in the CV ibi (which is a sing.),] (Az,

], TA,) and so is W d , in the copies of the 1,erroneously written..*p [in some of them..,p andin others ]. (TA.) - And .,f and ', the latter more agreeably with analogy, are like-wise pls. of OI signifying Placm of d-pro-duce. (TA.)

Q. 1. , inf. n. L and Le , (4,o, g[,) It (water) became ovrspread wit ui:[q. v.]; (L4, o;) i.q. -' i. (i-)

W."P (Lth, O, 0, P) and tuo s (IDrd, !,TA, written in the O d,La;j) i. q. .,; ($,O, 1 ;) i. e. The gre*n substance that come forthfrom the bottom of water, o as to over~pread it;($, O, L;) also called ,W J% ; [O0; in the L,and in one copy of the $, 4!.II ;,, which is amistake;] acoord. to AZ; (9, O;) the greensubance like '. [or marh-ma~llo], which isupon water; (I4 ;) a soft grn bance, lieloosened and sparated wool, upon tale water;so says Lth, and he adds his opinion that it isvegetative: (TA :) n. an. with -. (1.) - Alsothe former, (0, ],) and Vt w,..jp, (El-Hejeree,g,) A ort of trees, of tho caled tac, (Lth, O,J,) having thorns li the beaks of birds;. thehardst thereof in the wood: (Lth, O:) or theformer, (0, ],) a some assert, (AJn, O,) themall of the .tjl (A. n, 0,g) and of the

and of all trees that never become great : ( :) ormnall trees of those called j,, that do not becomelarge nor tall, of which the thorns are like thebeaks of birds; the hardest thereof in the wood,and the best for bows: (IAar, 0O:) or certainmall trees: or the small of the alt: or the small

of allU tree: n. un. with ;. (O.).L,a.: see the next preceding paragrapb.

V in. n. of : _and i q. , q. v.

,,.j f [so in the TA, agreeably with theverb; but in my two copies of the S, lu ;Water overspread, or becoming ovwrspread, with,,.~. (s, TA.)

Po

1. ;el , aor. - (S, ) and=, (s,) inf. n.t, (S, TA,) He put the wooden thing called1o~ [q. v.] into th nose of the camel. (S, g.)

- And a, like Lj', ' e (a camel, TA) hada complaint of his nose arising from the 0]lw[above mentioned]. (g.) /.J! ';, (g[)[aor. ,] inf. n. n. t, (TA,) He bound, or wound,a sinew upon the socket of the head of the arrow.(l].) And 'j., (!i,) aor. ', (TK,) in n.5p, ,(TA,) is yn. with -, (,) in. n. ,'(TA,) i. e. He became accustomed, or habituated;as in the phrase C uJie. 1 'p [he became ac-customed, or habituated, to the thing]. (TV.)-I!JI .j , (so in copies of the ,,) or ;, (so

accord. to the T.,) inf n. .! &, The house, ordwelling, or abode, was, or became, distant, orremote, (]g, TA,) and in a quarter, or direction,that he who lewd it did not desire. (TA.)~', (S, ],) aor. s, inf. n. ~, (TA,) said of

the hind leg of a horse, or similar beast, (S,) orsaid of such a beast itself, (TV, [and this isplainly indicated in the J,]) It had the disease

rmed C; (9, J) and a and C;!;. ()--And j.,, aor. -, in n. j &, is said of a camelas meaning He had the disea~ termed expl.below on the authority of ISk. (S.)

[g. C-iI s, is app. said, as meaning Henailed its head to the shaft of the apear: see thepass. part. n., ^.,U below.]

4. ;p.F He (a man) continually ate wrhat istermed ;, meaning cooked eh-meat. (IAsr,]," TA.) ~And He had the shanks of his young

eaned camel msch cracked or chapped. (].)- And He had the iL, [i. e. mange, or scab,or dry mange or scab], (t, TA,) or, as ISk says,pur~lentptules (C.) that arise in the neck andoccation a mscratching or scraping, (TA, [see

L.,]) among his camel. (1:, TA.): see the next paragraph, latter half:

and see also ai , last sentence but one.

; A callousness in the hind lg qf a horse orsimilar beast, above the pastern, in the hinder

part thereof; and it is what is called 3, [q. v.]:and, as I8k ays, purulent putls (3;i) thtarise in the neck of a came, in consuoe ofwhich he scratecs, or scrapr, himslf, and om~times he lies dowr against the tem of a tree andscratches, or crapes, hie f therewith; and itcure, he says, is the burning of fat upon him;(9:) and an mruption like pud~es, or purua tpustules, in the necks of youg eaned camels, inconsequence of whic they scratch, or scraps, thm~selves: (IB, TA:) or, as also t ai and ' : l;a,a certain disease in the hinder part of the hind elof a horse or similar beast, (1, TA,) like anabrason in the skin, (TA,) casing the hair tofaU off: or a cracking, or chapping, (g, TA,)incident to horses, (TA,) in their fore legs andtheir hind legs: or a caoumme that arises in thepastern of a horse (g, TA) or similar beast, andin the place of its fetlock, in th hinder part, anda 3 tjU [q. v.] that betide it from th kingagainst a mountain or stone. (TA.) ~ AlsoThefoul nmdll, orfouln/r [of the hands] with thesmell, of .lJs-meat and iut greas; syn. )*:(g:) so in the saying, i .; i .-j- ; tI [Ipsrceive the odour of the foulnes of thy handswith the mell of l msa t and its ge](IAy, TA:) or OjC signifies the odour of./s..meat thahaast .J [i. e. grease, or gravy]: andalso i. q. *ap [itself, q.v.]. (TA.) And Theodour of cooked flesh-meat; (Kr, V;) as alsoV p a. (g.) And A mark, or relic, [or soil,]of broth upon the hand of the eater. (EI-Hejeree,TA.) And Cooked f~sh-msat: (IApr, V:) or,as some say, fles, or feshmeat, in an absolutesense. (TA.) - And Smoke. (g.) _ Also Aspecies of tree, with which one taN. (i.) Dios-corides asserts the cv& to be A plant havingleaves resembling thoe of the small ltil, ecptthat they are longer than thiy, and having asem about a span tall, and a red Jor~ , and asmall root; growing in neglected, or ncudtivatdplaces: a poultice of its Ieaws with oliv-oil issudorific; its bruiMsd lea applied as a poulticeact as a discutiet to wounds and iflamed pustule; and tahen in a beverage, or sirup, tlcycure the dribbling of the wine. (Avicenna, i. e.Ibn-Seeni, book ii. p. 235.)

j.p the masc. epithet applied to a horse, orsimilar beast, signifying aving the diseas termedO~ [q. v.]: (TA:) the fem. epithet having thismeaning is ai.; with which t VJ, i syn. (1,TA.) Also One who hkeps close to thes, [orslaughterer, or superidnt~ of the sdghteringand of the division, of the camel for the gamecalled .. J], in order that he may eat of theslaughtered camel. (s.)

L5 : see , former half .- ;-0 signifiesTwo speck, or spots, above th eye of a dog: soin a trad. in which men are commanded to killevery dog that is entirely black having sWJ;a.(TA.)

k& One who prostrates, or throw down, hisantagonists much, or often; with whom oMn can-not cope: (, , TA: [in the CV, ,1 l is

m20

Boox I.]erroneouly put for I o:]) accord. to IB, assignifing ~i1, it s uwed in commendation:Fr says that when a man is On who pttrates,or throws down, his antagort much, or ofen,abomnhabk, wicked, or craft, [(t wihom onecannot cope,] it i aid that he is lL; i L;.(TA.) - Alo A man coare, rough