EDUCAUSE Research in E-Learning July 31, 2013 Susan Grajek, EDUCAUSE Vice President.
Educause 2010 - Openness, Data, and a Sustainable Future for Education
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Transcript of Educause 2010 - Openness, Data, and a Sustainable Future for Education
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Openness, Data and a Sustainable Future of Education
David Wiley, PhDDepartment of Instructional Psychology & Technology
Brigham Young University
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If the Book Didn’t Change Schools
Can the computer?Can the internet?
Can the LMS?
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Openness, Then Data
A brief thought experiment…
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Openness… In Education?
Let’s begin by defining terms
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Open, adj.
Describes educational artifacts
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Open Textbooks
Open Educational Resources
Open Courseware
(Open Source Software)
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Open, adj.
Teaching materials freely shared with permissions to engage in the “4R” activities
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The 4Rs
Reuse – copy verbatimRedistribute – share with others
Revise – adapt and improveRemix – combine with others
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Communicate 4Rs Permissions
Since this overrides default copyright,you must use a copyright license
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Offers easy to use 4R’s licenses
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While Nouns Differ…
The operationalizing actions are the same
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Open, adj.
Generous, sharing, giving
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Open, adj.
Providing (1) access and (2) local control
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Your Inner Two-year Old
Overcoming the impulse to scream“Mine!”
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Law and Policy “Enable” Us
To shout “Mine!” ever more loudly,convulse ever more uncontrollably,
and hit each other with ever larger toys
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Society’s Siren Song
“Be selfish. Keep it to yourself. Sue your neighbor.
It’s legal. It’s ok.”
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Education Is Not Immune
This kind of thinking is accepted
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Role of Openness in Education?
A terrible, insidious question
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Openness is the only means of doing education.
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If There Is No Sharing…
There is no education
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Education, n.
A relationship of sharing
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Successful Educators
Share most thoroughly with the most students
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Expertise Is Nonrivalrous
Can be given without being given away
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“He who receives ideas from me, receives instruction himself without lessening mine; as he who lights his taper at mine receives light without darkening me.”
Thomas Jefferson
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Teachers Would Be Like Bees!
They could only teach once
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Expressions Are Different
To give a book you must give it away
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Expressions Are Different
To give a book you must give it away
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Expressions Are Different
Digital expressions are nonrivalrous
n’t^
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E.g., Online Book
We can all read simultaneously
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An Indescribable Advance
The first time in human history
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Expertise and Its Expressions
Give without giving away
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Unprecedented Capacity
We can share as never before
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Unprecedented Capacity
We can educate as never before
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What Are We Doing?
This increased capacity is a stewardship
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Open Educational Resources
Open Course Ware
Open Course Ware
Open Courses
Open Courses
Open Textbooks
Open Textbooks
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Repository Examples
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OpenCourseWare Examples
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Open Courses Examples
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Open Textbook Examples
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Organizations
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Now, On to Data
But first a brief joke
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Each and Every Interaction
Recorded and stored for analysisto improve quality of service / experience
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Continuous Improvement Process
(CIP)
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If Only We Could Get It…
Education could engage in continuous quality improvement, too!
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Even the Grocer!
Almost every industry (1) gathers and (2) uses data more effectively than we do
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Data Alone Don’t Enable CIP
You need Openness + Data
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A Concrete Example
Why you need BOTHOpenness + Data to CIP
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Bloom’s 2 Sigma Challenge
Bloom, 1984
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One-to-One Tutoring
And other methods compared to 30 students in the classroom
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Average Tutored Student +2sd
In other words, the average student is capable of much more
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Tutoring is Expensive
So we teach class instead!
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Bloom, 1984
If the research on the 2 sigma problem yields practiced methods (methods that the average teacher or school faculty can learn in a brief period of time and use with little more cost or time than conventional instruction), it would be an educational contribution of the greatest magnitude. (p. 5)
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To Tutor Or Not to Tutor?
That is the (false) question
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“Intelligent” Tutors
Have different scalability problemsDehumanize learning
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“Strategic Tutoring”
What if we could do one-on-one tutoring just-in-time and just-on-topic?
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Would Require Lots of Data
Where can we get it all?
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Would Require New Model
Institutional commitment
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What Kind of Data?
When they logged in, read, and workedHow long they logged in, read, and worked
Pathway information, Item-by-item analytics,
&c.
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OHSU Teaching Model
Online curriculum teaches as much as possible,teachers do proactive “strategic tutoring”
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Teacher Becomes Tutor
Has the curriculum replaced the teacher?
As broadcast machinery, yes.
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Are You Even Allowed to CIP?
Data aren’t sufficient – you need permission
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Open Educational Resources
Give OHSU the permissions it needs to engage in continuous improvement
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“4R” Permissions
Reuse – copy verbatimRedistribute – share with others
Revise – adapt and improveRemix – combine with others
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OHSU Charter Requires OER
Founders’ way of “burning the ships”and fully committing to CIP
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Conjoint CIP
Student learning and curriculum effectivenessgrow simultaneously
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Curriculum Use
Curriculum Redesign
StudentPerformance
Data
Data Describing Curriculum
Performance
Data Supporting Strategic Tutoring
FeedbackLoop
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But Tutoring Data are Out-of-Band!
Using customer relationship management(CRM) tools
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Visualizing Educational Data
Creating new visualization techniques to support teaching and learning
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Openness + Data Are Required
For Continuous Improvement Processes
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Openness + Data Are Required
For us to stay competitive and relevant in a changing post-secondary ecosystem
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If the Book Didn’t Change Schools
Can openness?Can data?
Can openness + data?
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Reconsider Your Stewardship
Please – for yourself, your institution,and your students