Educator’s Resource and Activity Guide - Big Movie Zone · 2010-02-19 · Educator’s Resource...

Educatorrsquos Resource and Activity Guide

Presented in Association withROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY (WITH IBG)

OXFORD CENTRE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES ndash OXFORD UNIVERSITYKING FAISAL CENTER FOR RESEARCH AND ISLAMIC STUDIES

Background Saudi Arabia and the Red Sea 1

Did You KnowAmphorae 3Ibn al Haytham 3Falcons 4Frankincense 4Camels 5Sandstorms 5Islam 6

Youth Activities Sandstorms 7Smells of the Ancient World 7

Thirsty Camel 8Draw As I Say 8Pinhole Camera 10

High School ActivitiesName Five 11The Birth of the Sea 13The Power of the Nabateans 16Learning about The Hajj 19

Arabia Timeline 22Muslim Scientists 23Educational Slide Show 24Glossary 26Community Resources 27Web Sites 27

TURKEY

CYPRUS

ERITREA

SOMALIA

SUDAN

EGYPT

JORDAN

KUWAIT

ISRAEL

LEBANON

QATAR

BAHRAIN

U A E

YEMEN

SYRIA

IRAQ IRAN

OMAN

SAUDI ARABIA

Red Sea

Gulf of Aden

PersianGulf

Gulf ofOmanMadinah

Makkah

Madain Saleh

Jeddah

E M P T Y Q U A R T E R

Riyadh

Educatorrsquos Resource and Activity GuideIntroductionThe giant-screen film ARABIA is a thought-provoking learningexperience about a land steeped in myth and mystery In thefilm unfolds the story of an extreme desert environment thatthrough its peoplersquos thirst for knowledge the riches of globaltrade and a deep devotion to faith has become one of themost powerful yet least understood regions on Earth todayAudiences will ride the dunes with a camel caravan dive intothe treasure-laden Red Sea explore the ruins of a toweringlost city hurtle back into the Islamic golden age of inventionjoin three million Muslims on the hajj pilgrimage and get toknow the young Arabians transforming tomorrowrsquos worldThe result is a surprising and illuminating journey that not onlyunveils an oft-hidden world full of discovery mdashbut also servesas a bridge between two cultures that have long misunderstoodone another

ARABIA is a film for IMAXreg IMAX Dome and IMAX 3D Theatres wwwarabia-filmcom

Table of Contents

The House of SaudSaudi Arabia is the largest country on the Arabian Peninsulaa land mass bordered by the Red Sea to the west the PersianGulf to the east and the Arabian Sea to the south

It is the geographic origin of the Islamic faith and thesteward of the holy cities Makkah and Madinah Each yearSaudi Arabia hosts anywhere from 15 to over 3 million hajjisor pilgrims who are fulfilling one of the five pillars of Islamto make a hajj to Makkah the birthplace of Mohammed

Sitting in western Asia and bordering Africa theancestors of todayrsquos Saudis enjoyed a key trading position inthe Mediterranean world Caravans of camels carried goods tothe Roman Empire

In 1932 King Abdul Azia Ibn Saud founded the moderncountry when he united Bedouin tribes and declared himselfking of Saudi Arabia ldquoArabia of the Saudsrdquo The monarchycontinued after his death when each succeeding king a sonof Abdul Aziz ruled Saudi Arabia (It is estimated that AbdulAziz had 50-60 children) Today more than five thousandSaudis comprise the ldquoroyal familyrdquo (Mackey Sandra The Sauds Inside the Desert Kingdom (WWNorton amp Co NY) 2002 193)

A Parched LandSaudi Arabia is the worldrsquos largest country with no rivers andstreams Approximately four inches of rain falls each year Thereare ancient aquifers beneath the country which hold water thatis 10000 years old Talk about a non-renewable resource

The Rub al Khali (also known as the Empty Quarter)covering one fifth of Saudi Arabia is the worldrsquos most ariddesert In some places sand goes 600 feet below the surfaceDuring the spring season Saudi Arabia is vulnerable to frequentsandstorms During these sudden storms 20-30 mile perhour winds can blow sand up to 180 feet wide and 3000feet high

Pockets of PetroleumToday the kingdom is the worldrsquos number one exporter ofpetroleum One fourth of the worldrsquos oil reserves are foundin the kingdom

Theword ldquopetroleumrdquo literallymeans ldquorock oilrdquo Crude oilor petroleum sits far below the earthrsquos surface It developed fromthe fossilized remains of plants and animals which decomposedmillions of years ago when the environment was swampyand covered with water Over the centuries the decomposedorganisms were covered by mud and earth and formed intorocks such as limestone These sediments became tightlycompressed and released hydrogen and carbon gases Whenthese hydrocarbons are brought to the surface they areextracted as crude oil or petroleum [NOTE for referencethere is a helpful diagram at wwwkidsesdbbgoilhtml]

Petroleum has become essential to humans It is thegasoline that powers our cars it heats our homes and is foundin a myriad of household products such as plastics and evenin crayons

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Saudi Arabia and the Red Sea

SPAINPORTUGALL TURKEY

GREECE

KENYA

ETHIOPIA

ERITREA

NIGERMALI

NIGERIANIGER

CHAD

TANZANIAZANTA

ZAIRE

ANGOLAN MOZAMBIQUEOZA

GABON

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

UGANDA

UNDIBURRU

RW NNDANWAWANW

TOGO

BENIN

BURKINARK

CAMEROONOON

SAO TOME amp PRINCIPE

CONGO

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

IRAN

TURKMENISTAN

MALTAA

SEYCHELLES

SUDAN

EGYPT

MAURITANIA

SOMALIA

LIBYAALGERIA

TUNISIAMOROCCO

WESTERNSAHARA

JORDAN

PALESTINE

LEBANON

QATARBAHRAIN

U A E

YEMEN

SYRIAIRAQ

OMAN

SAUDI ARABIA

COMOROS

1

Note MacGillivray Freeman Films has chosen to use the most uniformly accepted Saudi Arabian spelling for proper nouns related to Saudi Arabia

Red Sea A Uniquely Rich SeaMost Saudis live along the kingdomrsquos coasts which includesthe Red Sea or Bahr al Ahmar in Arabic(Oceanography and Marine Science Saudi Geological Survey 772009 wwwsgsorgsaindexcfmsec=221amppage=)

The formation of the Red Sea is a relatively recentgeological phenomenon The Arabian Peninsula used to beattached to the African continent About 25 million years agothe Nubian Shield the eastern part of Africa began to separatefrom the Arabian Shield This rifting created the Red Sea[NOTE for reference there is a helpful diagram at wwwtulaneedu~sanelsonimageseafricagif ]

It is easy to identify the Red Sea on a map because itssilhouette resembles a slug It has an elongated shape whichonly developed in the last 4-5 million years (Oceanography and Marine Science Saudi Geological Survey 7709 wwwsgsorgsaindexcfmsec=221amppage=)

The sea is spreading from east to west at a rate of 15-2centimeters each year (Dr Waleed M Agdulghanu Theories on Arabian Shieldrsquos Formation King Fahd University of Petroleum amp Minerals7909 ocwkfupmedusauserGEOL31801Lecture20notesppt)

The northern part of the Red Sea resembles a bugrsquosantennae where it separates into the Gulf of Aqaba in thenortheast and the Gulf of Suez in the northwest The Red Sea

is connected to the Mediterranean Sea via the Suez Canal inEgypt providing a waterway passage between Southeast Asiaand Europe [NOTE for reference there is a helpful diagramat mapsofnetRed_Sea]

The Red Sea is singular because no rivers or streams flowinto it The only introduction of life into this body of water isthrough the wind Even so the Red Sea is known for its activereef systems and diverse marine and plant lifeMore than twentyldquodeepsrdquo can be found in the Red Sea These are ancient saltand metal repositories (Oceanography andMarine Science Saudi Geological Survey 7709

Scuba divers boast about the beautiful marine lifefound in the Red Sea Hundreds of species of coral reef andfish dolphins whales and marine turtles contribute to theRed Searsquos biodiversity

Additional sourcesChughtai Osman amp David Shannon Fossil Fuels Lecture 71509 wwwumichedu~gs265societyfossilfuelshtm

enwikipediaorgwikiArabian_Peninsula

Kids and Energy The Energy Story Ch 8 Fossil Fuels ndash Coal Oil and Natural Gas

wwwenergyquestcagovstorychapter08html (accessed 7132009)

Mackey Sandra The Sauds Inside the Desert Kingdom (WWNorton amp Co NY) 2002

Web Site of Saudi Arabia wwwsaudiembassynetabout

2

Amphorae

What Are TheyAmphorae were double-handled ceramic vesselsused to transport goods inthe ancient world The wordamphora comes from theGreek words amphi for ldquoboth sidesrdquo and phoreus for ldquocarrierrdquoThe Phoenicians Sumerians Greeks and Romans used am-phorae as shipping containers to carry olive oil wine saltedfish grapes grain and other produce throughout theMediterranean region

Bottle of the Ancient WorldLike soda bottles today amphorae were ubiquitous (every-where) from the 15th century BCE through the 7th centuryCE And like todayrsquos plastic containers amphorae wereoften disposed of after one use

Ancient LandfillSometimes the Romans would use shards (broken pieces) ofamphorae in their building materials There is a famous hillcalled Mount Testaccio in Rome which was the garbage dumpfor amphorae The Romans also used amphorae shards as abuilding compound

A Standard SizeWhile amphorae often varied in size shape and qualitydepending on the skill and needs of the producers a typicalamphorae held about 41 quarts This became a standardizedunit of measure in the Roman Empire called amphoraquadrantal

Writing from the AncientsInscriptions and decorations have been found on someamphorae remains Some of them contain stamps on theirhandles which probably identified the owners of the estatesselling produce Most amphorae had red letters on their neckswhich served as a mark of the packagersquos weight The amphorawould be weighed before and after it was filled and theirdifference was written down Leslie and Roy A Adkins Handbook to Life in Ancient Rome (Oxford University Press) p 321

Some decorative amphorae were inscribed ldquoI am one of theprizes from Athensrdquo indicating their likely use as prizes forathletic competitions Other elegant amphorae were used asgrave markers

A Clue to the PastAmphorae were used as shipping containers by standingtheir pointed bottoms in heaps of sand and roping them to-gether through their curved handles Today amphorae dis-covered underwater thrill scuba divers and archeologists whouse them to piece together the mysteries of ancient tradeHistory of Andalucia Absolute Astronomycom Handbook to Life in Ancient Rome

Ibnal Haytham

Who Was HeIbn al Haytham was an Arabianscientist born in 965 who madesignificant contributions to theprinciples of optics and otherscientific areas and to science in general with his introductionof the scientific method

The Eyes Have ItHe proved that light travels in a perfectly straight line and wasthe first scientist to explain correctly how the eye sees He didexperiments with upside-down images and anatomical eyeexams to understand how the eye works

AKAHe is sometimes called al-Basri after his birthplace in thecity of Basra and was also nicknamed Ptolemaeus Secundus(ldquoPtolemy the Secondrdquo) or simply ldquoThe Physicistrdquo in medievalEurope His full name was al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham (Thename is latinized as Alhacen or Alhazen)

A Lover of GeometryGeometry was Ibn al-Haythamrsquos forte the subject in whichmost of his writings have survived and for which he was mostappreciated He was drawn to tackle problems in Greekmathematics both elementary (Euclidean) and advanced(Apollonian and Archimedean) some of which he was thefirst to solve

A Philosopher and ScientistAn early essay of his now lost was entitled ldquoAll matters secularand religious are the fruits of the philosophical sciencesrdquo Inhis time ldquophilosophyrdquo encompassed all of mathematics thenatural sciences and theology or metaphysics He wrote onarithmetic astronomy music ethics politics and poetrydefended astrology as a science based on mathematical proofand criticized contemporary Muslim theological theses as wellas positions taken by followers of a Christian philosopher-theologian Philoponus harvardmagazinecom200309ibn-al-haythamhtml httpwwwibnalhaythamnet ARABIA

3

DID YOU KNOW

FalconsWhat are theyFalcons are birds of prey or raptors Flying up to sixty milesper hour and diving at speeds of 150 miles per hour falconsare one of the worldrsquos fastest birds The birds are named forthe sickle shape of their wings In Latin sickle is a falx

Trainable HuntersSince 2000 BC humans have used falcons for their huntingneeds Falconry the practice of training falcons for huntingwas practiced in China Japan India and Iran

Arabic legend tells that the first falconer was a king of Persiawho changed from being a violent despot to an understandingand benevolent leader after learning the art of falconryBedouins in the desert of the Arabian Peninsula becameparticularly skilled at trapping the falcons and trained them tohunt for smaller birds The prey was highly prized to augmenta limited dietJenny Walker Stuart Butler Terry Carter Lara Dunston Frances Linzee Gordon Lonely Planet Oman UAE Arabian

Peninsula (Lonely Planet London 2007) p 285

How to Hunt BirdsBedouin falconers catch falcons as they migrate from centralEurope to south Asia In a short period of two to three weeksthey train falcons to hunt houbara bustards a large bird thatmigrates and breeds in the Arabian Peninsula The falcons aretrained through sleep deprivation and small feedings they arerewarded with food A falconer rides his horse with a falconperched on his arm At the end of the hunting season falconsare released into the wild

Falconry TodayThere are approximately 2000 falcons on the ArabianPeninsula today While some falcons are still trapped in theBedouin tradition most falconers purchase these huntingraptors from bird markets National Geographic News Thinkquestorg

FrankincenseWhat is itFrankincense is obtained from trees of the genus Boswellia thatare found in Somalia and the Arabian Peninsula Incisionsare made in the tree trunks to allow a milk-like juice to seepout The juice hardens on exposure to air to become a resin

Perfume the AirMost incense contains frankincense Its pungent and pleasantsmell was essential to many ancient rituals and its popularityhas endured for thousands of years Frankincense oil cantake up to six hours to evaporate making it an importantingredient in many perfumes and aromatherapy

A Hot CommodityFrankincense was burned in temples all over Europe makingit an extremely desirable trading commodity and bringingprosperity to traders who made the arduous journey fromArabia to Europe

Chewing GumFrankincense is edible and used in various traditional Asianmedicines for digestion and healthy skin It is often chewedlike gum but it is stickier because it is a resin

Natural MedicineOil of Frankincense is used as treatment for a wide range ofconditions including depression bronchitis arthritis skindiseases and digestive problems It is a component in manyanti-wrinkle skin care creams and lotions

Kohl EyelinerKohl is ground from frankincense resin and was used tobeautify womenrsquos eyes as far back as ancient Egyptian timesMany women today still accentuate their eyes with blacklines using a kohl eyeliner pencil

Mosquito RepellentBurning frankincense is claimed to repel mosquitos and thushelp protect people and animals from mosquito-born illnessessuch as Malaria and West Nile Virus wwwbritannicacomEBcheckedtopic217294frankincense tibet-incensecomblogthe-history-and-use-of-

frankincense wwwbotanicalcombotanicalmgmhffranki31html

4

DID YOU KNOW

CamelsOne Hump or TwoThere are two types of camel in the world the Dromedary orArabian camel and the Bactrian or Asian camel 90 of thecamels in the world today are Dromedary This word comesfrom the Greek word dromos for rode

To remember how many humps each type of camel hasturn the first letter of their names on the side When you flipthe ldquoDrdquo for the Dromedary camel you see it has only onehump If you flip the ldquoBrdquo for the Bactrian camel you see ithas two humps

Ships of the DesertCamels were so valuable to survival in the Arabian Peninsulathat there are more than 160 words in Arabic for this beast Mules and strong horses may be able to carry close to 300pounds but Dromedary camels can carry twice as much weightand Bactrian camels can carry up to 1000 pounds The rockingmotion of a camel and its ability to haul goods gives camelsthe moniker ldquoships of the desertrdquo

Beating the Heat and DustTo cope with the extreme heat of the Arabian Desert theDromedary camel walks on its tippy toes And to avoidburning their bodies when kneeling camels develop toughcalluses on their chest and leg joints when they are as youngas five months old Their eyes are uniquely adapted to survivesandstorms Camels will also press together in the heat becausetheir collective body temperature is still cooler than the airtemperature in the desert heat

What a HumpA camelrsquos hump is a giant fat deposit which provides energywhen food is scarce When a camel goes hungry its humpshrinks droops and can even slide to one side until a camelfinds food

Every Drop of Water MattersA camel stores water in its blood supply This enables a camelto go without water for up to fifty days during the winter andup to a week during the scorching summers in the Arabiandeserts While humans sweat to keep cool this would be awaste of precious moisture for the camel Instead a camelrsquosbody temperature fluctuates between 977deg and 1076deg F tomatch the air temperature When a camel has access to waterit can drink from 30-50 gallons in a few hours

Arabian (Dromedary) Camel National Geographic 7809 animalsnationalgeographiccomanimalsmammals

dromedary-camelhtml

Camel Pictures and Facts 2007 fohnnet [30 June 2009] fohnnetcamel-pictures-factsindexhtml

Lumpkin Susan Camels Of Service and Survival Smithsonian Zoogoer SeptemberOctober 1999 7909

nationalzoosieduPublicationsZooGoer19995camelservicesurvivalcfm

ldquoMammals Camelrdquo San Diego Zoo 7809 wwwsandiegozooorganimalbytest-camelhtml

Zentner Joe ldquoThe Great Southwestern Desert Camel Experiementrdquo Desert USA 7809

wwwdesertusacommag05sepcamelhtml

Zagata Danielle ldquoInteresting Fact About Camelsrdquo Associated Content 4 Oct 2007 7609

wwwassociatedcontentcomarticle396604interesting_facts_about_camelshtmlcat=58

SandstormsWhat Is ItA sandstorm occurs when storming winds drop to the hotground and blow up dry loose sand The worldrsquos deserts aresusceptible to this meteorological phenomenon especially inwarmer months

How Does a Sandstorm Measure UpWith little or no warning winds can travel up to twenty tothirty miles per hour When the wind touches ground it createsa dust wall that can measure up to 60 miles wide and 3000feet high

What Happens to the SandShifting sand caused by the sandstorms become sand dunesSand dunes in Saudi Arabiarsquos deserts can measure taller thanthe Eiffel Tower

Life HaltedDuring the sandstorms and the following days airports areclosed business is disrupted cities are blanketed with dustlocals must stay indoors and people with respiratory problemsneed medical attention

Amazing AdaptationCamels are uniquely suited in both anatomy and habit tosurvive sandstorms They have two rows of long eyelashes andeven a third eyelid that serves as a windshield wiper againstsand Glands in the eyes also supply extra moisture Duringa sandstorm a camel will drop to its knees close its eyes andnostrils and lay its neck flat against the ground

The Interconnectedness of WeatherSadly the frequency and intensity of sandstorms have increasedin recent years Causes range from desertification (the growthof the worldrsquos deserts) urban growth and deforestation Nowthe good news sandstorms in the eastern hemisphere mayreduce the number of hurricanes in the west Scientists haveobserved that when there is less dust from Sahara Africansandstorms flowing into the Atlantic Ocean there are morehurricanes and vice versa

ldquoDust Storms and Hurricanes Improving Accuracy of Hurricane Forecastingrdquo ScienceDailycom 8107 (71709)

wwwsciencedailycomvideos20070801-dust_storms_and_hurricaneshtm

AssociatedContentcom MapsofWorldcom Wikipediaorg Weatheronlinecouk

5

DID YOU KNOW

IslamWhat is IslamIslam is the religious faith of Muslims based on the words andreligious system founded by the prophetMohammed and taughtby theQuran Islam is the second most practiced religion in theworldThere are twomain branches of Islam Sunni and Shirsquoite

What is the difference between Sunni and Shirsquoite MuslimsSunnis who comprise about 85 percent of Muslims worldwidebelieve that the prophetrsquos best friend Abu Bakr was selectedby consensus of the majority to succeed him Shirsquoitescomprising about 15 percent of Muslims believe that Alithe cousin and son-in-law of the prophet Mohammed wasdesignated as Mohammedrsquos successor

What is the basic principle of IslamThe basic principle of Islam is absolute submission to a uniqueand personal god Allah Allah is the Arabic word for Godthe same God worshipped by Christians and Jews

What are the practices of MuslimsThere are five pillars or acts of worship in Islam

n The Declaration of Faith (shahada) The first act ofworship is the declaration that ldquoThere is no deity exceptGod and Mohammed is the messenger of Godrdquo Muslimsrepeat this statement many times a day during their prayers

n Prayer (salat) Islam prescribes a brief prayer or ritualworship five times a day at dawn noon late afternoonsunset and night The Friday noon prayer is special toMuslims and is offered in a mosque if possible Muslimsface in the direction of Makkah when they pray

n Charity (zakat)Muslims are required to give to thepoor and needy Islam prescribes an obligatory charitybased on two and a half percent of onersquos income andwealth

n Fasting (sawm)Muslims are required to fast from dawnto sunset during the month of Ramadan the ninthmonth of the lunar calendar During this time Muslimsare to refrain from eating drinking smoking and sexualactivities from dawn to sunset

n Pilgrimage to Makkah (hajj) Every Muslim is requiredtomake the pilgrimage toMakkah located in Saudi Arabiaonce in their lifetime if financially and physically able

What are the major celebrations in Islamn Eid al-Fitr (eedrsquo al firsquo-ter) or the ldquoFestival of the Fast-Breakingrdquo celebrates the completion of the Ramadan fastand occurs on the first day of the month after RamadanThis is a day of celebration prayers feasts and gift giving

n Eid al-Adha (eedrsquo al adrsquo-ha) or the ldquoFestival of theSacrificerdquo is the second major holiday in Islam It fallson the tenth day of the month at the conclusion of thepilgrimage and is celebrated by all Muslims with specialprayers feasts gifts and the sacrifice of an animal (usuallya lamb or goat)

What is the holy book for IslamIslam contains many rules for daily life and human relationshipsThe first source of these rules is the Quran which was revealedby God to Mohammed during the month of Ramadanthe second source is the hadith or reports of the prophetMohammedrsquos words or actions

Who was MohammedMuslims believeMohammedwas the last in the chain of divinelyappointed prophets through whom God sent his message tohumankind Mohammed was born in the year 570 CE in thetown of Makkah on the Arabian peninsula Muslims believethat he was the recipient of Godrsquos last divine revelation theQuran

What is the Role of Women in IslamIslam gives women many rights including the right to inheritto work outside the home and to be educated As in all culturesand communities these rights are often violated This is theresult of the intersection of Islam with existing cultural normswhich may reflect male-dominated societies Muslim womenare permitted to participate in all walks of life as long as theirmodesty is not affected Both men and women are expected topresent themselves in a manner that emphasizes modesty Hijabor covering for example is worn so that womenrsquos sexualitywill not become a source of temptation or enter into theirinteractions with men

How do you convert to IslamIf someone wants to convert to Islam he or she makes thedeclaration of faith (shahada) as an entry into Islam There isno formal ceremony for conversion Converts are expected topractice the religionrsquos five pillars Some people also changetheir names to Muslim names when they convert

Which countries have the largest Muslim populationsIndonesia followed by Pakistan Bangladesh Turkey Egyptand IranSources Beliefnet Dictionarycom ARABIA FRONTLINE Muslims Teacherrsquos Guide

6

DID YOU KNOW

Youth Activity 1

SandstormsPurpose To show the dramatic conditions of a sandstorm

Materials Needed

n Laminated color images of sandstorms (see below for images available on the Web)

n Did You Know Sandstorms (available as a handout orenlarged laminated and posted)

Procedure

Download images of sandstorms It is recommended to en-large them and laminate them

Invite visitors to examine the pictures and imagine whatit would be like to be caught in a sandstorm Pose orpost the following questions

n How hot or cold would the sand be

n How might the sand impact your noses ears and eyes

n What would you need to do to protect yourself from asandstorm

You may wish to download ldquoWorst-Case Scenarios How toSurvive a Sandstormrdquo Enlarge and post it for visitors to readwwwpopularmechanicscomscienceworst_case_scenarios1289311html

You may wish to download news stories about recentsandstorms (See below)

If relevant to your region display pictures of local snow-storms for purposes of comparison Invite visitors to thinkabout the similarities and differences between sandstormsand snowstorms

Ask visitors to look at the handout or poster to learnmore about sandstorms

Sample image of a sandstormwwwguardiancoukworldgallery2009mar10saudiarabi-a-sandstormspicture=344389520

Images of sandstormswwwaramcoexpatscomPhtotoslife-in-saudi-arabiaaramco-camps3805aspx

Recent news coverage about sandstormsldquoSandstorms blanket Iraq sends hundreds to hospitalrdquowwwreuterscomarticleenvironmentNewsidUSTRE56-419520090705

ldquoSandstorms scour US troops Iraqisrdquowwwusatodaycomweathernews2009-07-09-iraqweather_Nhtm

Youth Activity 2

Smells of the AncientWorldPurpose To smell and learn about frankincense

Materials Needed

n Frankincense

n Other incense that includes frankincense (see below forordering information)

n Did You Know Frankincense (available as a handout orenlarged laminated and posted)

Procedure

Display tins of frankincense and other incense

Invite visitors to smell the frankincense and describe thesmell to each other

Ask visitors to smell the other incense mixtures and guesswhich of them contain frankincense (The answer is all)

Ask visitors to look at the handout or poster to learnmore about frankincense

You may wish to include signage indicating that the an-cient smells of frankincense are still enjoyed today in in-cense and aromatherapy oils

Incense WarehousewwwincensewarehousecomResin-incense_c_89htmlThis site sells small tins of Frankincense and the followingincense mixtures all of which contain Frankincense (cost is $5 - 8 per tin)Frankincense amp Myrrh Dragons Blood Celtic BlendPontifical Blend Gloria Church Blend Kashmiri BlendThree Kings Basilica Blend Black Ethiopian EgyptianGardenia

7

Youth Activity 3

Thirsty CamelPurpose To visualize how much a camel can drink in one sitting

Materials Needed

n One 32-gallon garbage can

n One rectangular recycling wastebasket (holds around 14gallons)

n One empty water cooler container (holds 5 gallons)

n One empty half gallon container of juice or milk

n Placards identifying the volume of each container

n Did You Know Camels (available as a handout or en-larged laminated and posted)

Procedure

Display the four containers with a reversed placard thatidentifies the volume of each container (Display theinformation on the back or underside of the placard)

Post a sign asking visitors to guess how many gallons ofwater each container can hold

Invite visitors to guess which representative water vesselcould be consumed by a camel in one sitting (Answer isthe large garbage can)

Share the following information and question ldquoHumansare advised to consume eight cups or a half gallon ofwater daily How does this compare to water consump-tion for camelsrdquo

Ask visitors to read the handout or poster to learn moreabout camels

Youth Activity 4

Draw As I SayPurpose Participants will learn about the anatomy of a camel througha collaborative communication-based drawing exerciseNOTE Do not use the word ldquocamelrdquo before doing theactivity

Materials Needed

n Drawing paper pencils clipboards (if available)

n Handouts Did You Know Camels (optional) Draw as I Say prompts (cut copy page in quarters)

ProcedurePre-Activity

Introduce the activity as a team building exercise thatrequires effective communication and listening skillsfrom the participants

Have the group count off by twos the ones will be thedrawers (listeners) the twos will be the coaches(communicators)

Assure the participants that this activity is not dependenton artistic ability but rather it is about working effectivelyas a team and being creative

Share the following instructions The coaches will directdrawers to create an image by giving prompts listed onthe handout The catch is that the coaches cannot revealthe end result

Distribute drawing paper pencils and clipboards to the ones

Distribute the Draw as I Say prompts to the twos

Post-Activity

After 10-15 minutes make sure the partners are still intheir separate roles and ask the drawers to reveal their work

Encourage the coaches to unveil the camel

Discuss the physical features of camels

n Suggestion 1 Lead teams through each of the drawingprompts (or have independent discussion in pairs) anddiscuss how each of the traits are advantageous forcamels

n Suggestion 2 Distribute copies of Did You Know Camels

Walk Like a CamelInform the participants that camels have a pacing gait theyuse two legs on the same side of their bodies on the samestep Encourage the group to get down on all fours and try tocrawl like a camel walks Ask if it is easy or difficult to movelike camels ldquoShips of the desertrdquo is not only the camelsrsquonickname because they are pack animals but also becausethis gait can make riders seasick as if they were on a boatrocking back and forth

8

Youth Activity 4 Handout

Draw As I SayShhhhhhhellip donrsquot reveal this image to your partner

Prompts (you can share these in any order that makes sense to you)

n protruding brow and bushy eyebrows

n long eyelashes on upper and lower lids

n three eyelids upper lower and one that movesside-to-side

n small round ears covered in hair

n split upper lip

n long flat neck

n thick torso with a fatty bulge

n calloused chest

n four long legs with calloused joints

n large broad feet with two toes atop leathery pads

n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair

9

Youth Activity 5

Pinhole CameraPurpose To apply the Muslim scientist Ibn al Haythamrsquostheories about light lines and sight by creating a camera

NOTE It is recommended that teachers or museum educatorsmake a pinhole camera themselves before leading this activity

Materials Neededn A darkened room

n Camera-making pack for each individual or group Black card stock (one letter size and one half letter size)pencil a roll of transparent tape sheet of tracing paperscissors a pin

n Flashlight or candle

n Handout Muslim Scientists and their Achievements in theMiddle Ages

Procedure

Ask participants how the invention of the camera impactsour lives

Share that principles of photography were first understoodby the Muslim scientist Ibn al Haytham in the Book ofOptics in the 11th century He observed an upside-downimage on his wall when sunlight poured into his roomthrough a crack in his shade

Distribute a camera-making pack to each participant Ifmaterials are limited divide participants into groups oftwo or three

Making the cameraDirect the groups to make a pinhole camera with the follow-ing instructions

Roll a sheet of black card stock into a tube and placetape around either end going all the way around the cir-cumference of the tube Place a long piece of tape alongthe seam

Stand the tube on the half sheet of card stock and tracethe end of the tube

Draw another circle that is half an inch bigger than thefirst circle

Cut out the bigger circle Cut tabs between the outsidecircle and the smaller circle

Place the tabbed circle on top of the tube and tape thetabs down (Look through the tube to make sure no lightis seeping in If it is tape additional layers of black cardstock)

With a pin make a hole in this end

Cut a circle from the tracing paper that is frac34 to one inchbigger than the tube

Tape this circle to the empty end of the tube This endwith the tracing paper will be the screen

Using the camera

With the room effectively darkened turn on a flashlightor light a candle

Instruct the participants to point the pinhole end of thetube to the light

Ask the participants what they notice on their camerasrsquoscreens

Encourage the participants to play with their cameras

n What must be done to move the image

n What must be done to change the size of the image

n Move the flashlight or candle and have them observewhat happens on their camerasrsquo screens

Bring it all together

n Optional Distribute copies of Muslim Scientists and theirAchievements in the Middle Ages

n Invite participants to think about this information andreflect on what they know by ending with 3-2-1 Askparticipants to jot down

n Three facts they learned from this activity

n Two facts they knew before the activity

n One question that remains that they might like toexplore further

1001 Inventions 2008 Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation UK

Patricia Willet ldquoMaking a Pinhole Camerardquo An Educators Reference Desk Lesson Plan May 1994

10

High School Activity 1

Name Five Pre- and Post-Viewing Activity

Activity ObjectivesStudents will

n Collectively assess their knowledge pertaining to Arabculture and history

n Conduct research about Saudi Arabia

Materials needed

n Teacher answer sheet

n Paper and writing utensils

Time needed15-25 minutes pre-viewing activity and brief discussion20-40 minutes post-viewing activity and brief discussion

Procedure Pre-viewing

Explain to the students that they are going to assess theirknowledge related to Arabia Assure the students this isnot a test

Divide students into groups of three or four Instructthem to number a sheet a paper from 1-5 four timesleaving space to write next to each number

Introduce the activity as ldquoName Fiverdquo You will call out acategory and each group needs to jot down five appropriateresponses or as many as they are able to Encouragegroups to be discreet and prevent accidental or deliberatesharing with other groups

Go through all four of the ldquoName Fiverdquo categories belowand give students a few minutes to complete each categoryIt is highly probable that students will not be able tocomplete most categories Encourage them to becomfortable with this performance

Call out ldquoName Fiverdquo

n English words that have Arabic derivation

n Countries with the largest Muslim populations

n Muslim contributions to math and science from the8th to 11th centuries before the European ScientificRevolution

n Countries that border or directly face Saudi Arabia

After calling out all four of the ldquoName Fiverdquo categoriesgive students a few minutes to independently jot downtheir reactions to this exercise Direct them to describehow they felt being able to answer or not answer theseareas Have the groups discuss their reactions for a cou-ple of minutes

As a whole class discuss how many groups were able tocomplete each of the categories Pose the followingquestions to the class

n Why did groups demonstrate limited knowledge ofthis information

n Which areas were you the most confident answering

n Which made you the least confident n If I had asked you about European scientificcontributions or geography how successful wouldyour group have been in respondingrdquo

n What does Name Five indicate about your educationup until this point

While watching Arabia encourage students to fill in gapsin their ldquoName Fiverdquo answers

Procedure Post-Viewing

Go over each of the Name Five categories (Refer to theTeacher Answer Sheet)n Arabic words Ask students how the English language absorbed manyArabic words Possible explanations can include theMuslim conquests into Europe the Crusades the world -wide migrations of Arab speakers Muslim contributionto science and technology in the Middle Ages

n Muslim populations Highlight the reference from ARABIA that more than80 of the worldrsquos Muslims live outside of ArabiaAfter reviewing the most populated Muslim countriesemphasize that only one of the top eight countries isArab (people whose ancestors originated from theArabian Peninsula)Ask students how Islam spread from the ArabianPeninsula to other parts of Asia Africa and Europe

n Muslim contributions to math and science (NoteYou may wish to download and distribute the handoutMuslim Scientists in the Middle AgesAsk students why scholarship and inquiry flourishedduring the Middle Ages in the Muslim world but wasstagnant in Europe

n Countries that border or directly face Saudi ArabiaAsk students about the geographic challenges andadvantages of the Arabian Peninsula

Place students in their small work groups Pose thefollowing questions for small group discussion

n What do you think was the filmmakersrsquo viewpoint inmaking the film

n Do you think they succeeded in advancing thisperspective of Saudi Arabia

n What was most surprising for you to learn in thisdocumentary

n If other Americans were to see this film what do youthink would be most surprising for them to learnabout Saudi Arabia

Based on the student responses to the last query studentswill further research this aspect of the film Under the titleldquoDispelling Misconceptions of Saudi Arabiardquo students willprepare brief presentations Their broader audience willbe Joe or Jane America and their presentation should begrounded in current research Teachers can either collect acollaborative one-page document with appropriate citationsor hold in-class presentations

11

English words that have Arabic derivation1

Al-Bab wwwal-babcomarablanguagelanghtm

Countries with largest Muslim populations2

Indonesia 212900000Pakistan 157500000India 129600000Bangladesh 119800000Egypt 72800000Turkey 69000000Iran 67300000China 65300000

US News amp World Report wwwusnewscomusnewsgraphicsreligionislams_global_reachhtm

Muslim contributions to math and science inthe 8th-11th centuries before the EuropeanScientific Revolution

n Recovered research from the Greeks

n Developed Arabic numerals the decimal pointthe concept of zero

n Developed algebra and geometry

n Discovered chemical processes

n Categorized plants and herbs and foundmedicinal applications for them

n Developed the Scientific Method

n Studied astronomy and understood the rotationof the planets

n Discovered optics

Countries that border or directly face Saudi Arabia

n Egyptn Eritrean Yemenn Omann United Arab Emiratesn Qatarn Kuwaitn Iraqn Jordann Israel

alcoholalcovealgebraalkalinealfalfaalgorithmalmanacapricotartichokeassassincarafe

chemistrycoffeecottondamaskgiraffegerbilgenieguitarjarmagazinemattress

mochaorangereamsesamesherbetsodasofatalczero

12

High School Activity 1 Teacher Answer Sheet

Name Five


The Birth of the SeaThe Red Sea And The Arabian Peninsula


n Understand the geography of the Arabian Peninsula andhow it was formed

n Follow the development of the Red Sea

n Identify environmental concerns facing the Red Sea

n Propose measures to protect the Red Searsquos ecosystem

Grades 9-12 Social Studies World History and Geography

Standards This lesson corresponds to the following standardsarticulated by McRel Mid-continent Research for Educationand Learning Geography standard 7 and 14 Earth andSpace Science standard 2

Materials needed

n Class copies of continents (exclude the present-day diagramand cut out each diagram)pubsusgsgovgipdynamichistoricalhtml

n Projection or distribution of a present-day world map

n Optional Internet access projection

n Measuring tape(s)

n Class copies of Student Handout ldquoTo Save a Seardquo

Time needed15 minutes for How was the Arabian Peninsula Formed15 minutes for Creation of the Red Sea20 minutes for Red Sea today

Procedure Part One How Was the Arabian Peninsula Formed

Introduce the topic for examination the physical formationof the Arabian Peninsula and the Red Sea (Review thatthe geography term ldquopeninsulardquo means a piece of landbordered by water on three sides) Distribute copies of thecontinent diagrams one at a time Make sure to excludethe present-day diagram In partners or small groupsstudents should circle the Arabian Peninsula on each ofthe diagrams

Invite the groups to propose an explanation for the creationof the Arabian Peninsula

Reconvene and review their responses Write the followingterms on the board and review them with the students

n Continental Drift TheoryThis scientific theory states thatthe continents used to be one giant land mass and thatpieces (the continents) migrated away from each other

n Plate Tectonics The earthrsquos outer shell is broken intoseparate plates (about a dozen) and they move

n Divergent Boundaries This occurs when two plates moveaway from each other

Share the following information

n Between 600-545 million years ago (MYA) the ArabianPeninsula was part of Africa this area was referred toas the ArabianNubian Shield

n Between 100 ndash 65 MYA the ancient land mass ofGondwanaland divided the Arabian plates joined theland mass Laurasia

n Optional Project or access this interactive illustrationwhich demonstrates a divergent plate boundary geologycomnstadivergent-plate-boundariesshtmlProject or distribute a contemporary map so the studentscan identify the location of the Arabian Peninsula Posethe following question to the students

n As earth scientists what evidence would you use tosupport this explanation of plate tectonics and howthe Arabian Peninsula was formed You couldn Examine the rocks in both eastern Africa and westernArabia to determine if they matchn Search for animal and plant fossils on the twocontinents that are similarn Research the locations and types of volcanoes andearthquakes

Part Two Creation of the Red Sea

Ask students what physical changes were brought by thisshift in plates (the formation of the Red Sea and the Gulfof Aden) (Notegeologycomplate-tectonicsshtml allows you tozoom in and examine the shoreline of the Red Sea Thisillustrates the matching borders of the NubianArabianShield which broke apart) Explaindiscuss

n When plates move divergently (away from each other)they create a rift (a space)

n 65 MYA the rift between Africa and Arabian Peninsulawidened

n 25 MYA the rift filled with water to become the RedSea (its elongated shape was created 4-5 MYA)

n The Red Sea is spreading from east to west at a rate of15-2 cm a year at its widest it is 300 km wide(30000000 cm)

Have a student or groups of students (depending on howmany tape measures are available) measure the width ofthe classroom and report this number (in cm) to the classGiven the rate that the Red Sea spreads per year ask thestudents to calculate how many years it took for the RedSea to be as wide as your classroom

Part Three The Red Sea Today

Remove any contemporary political maps Inform thestudents that nine countries share a border with the RedSea In small groups or partners students should try todetermine the nine countries Reconvene and reviewIsrael Jordan Saudi Arabia Yemen Somalia Eritrea

13

Djibouti Sudan and Egypt

Direct small groups to discuss the following question

n Considering factors such as geography and naturalresources what do you think has been and continues tobe the importance of the Red Sea for the communitiesthat border it

Students should offer detailed examples Reconvene and reviewAppropriate examples should include

n Geography trading and shaping opportunities withsouth and east Asia Africa and with the constructionof the Suez Canal in 1869 trade with Europe the RedSea states have additional export opportunities fromtheir land-locked neighbors

n Depth and reef systems the Red Sea is a particularlydeep body of water with rich biodiversity fishing andtourism (scuba diving) are important industries

Distribute copies of the Student Handout ldquoTo Save a Seardquoand direct students to read the article In small groupsstudents must develop a four-point action plan to preservethe ecosystem of the Red Sea (Note Directions are includedon the handout)

(Optional) Students can research contemporary measurestaken since the publication of ldquoTo Save a Seardquo (1980) tomaintain a healthy ecosystem in the Red Sea and presenttheir findings

Methods of Assessment

n Participation in class and group discussions

n Completion of ldquoTo Save a Seardquo exercise

n Research contemporary environmental measures (optional)

Dr Waleed M Abdulhanu lecture King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals

ocwkfupmedusauserGEOL31801Lecture20notesppt (accessed 7909)

Saudi Geological Survey ldquoOceanography and Marine Sciencerdquo wwwsgsorgsa (accessed 7909)

Cavendish Marshall World and Its Peoples Arabian Peninsula (Marshall Cavendish Corp White Plains 2007)

United States Geological Society ldquoUnderstanding Plate Motionsrdquo pubsusgsgovgipdynamicunderstandinghtml

(accessed 81309)

Gonozalez Joseph and Thomas E Sherer The Complete Idiotrsquos Guide to Geography (Penguin Books New York 2004)

Wikipedia wwwenwikipediaorg ldquoRed Seardquo (accessed 81809)

14

ldquothe Red Sea is extremely vulnerable Because like theMediterranean the Red Sea is enclosed any pollutants that doget into it will stay there there are virtually no tides or currentsto flush them out nor rivers to dilute them The governmentsof Saudi Arabia and other coastal countries therefore arealready beginning to worry about the potential dangers involvedin industrial development along the shoreline and in increasedshipping

Already in fact some effects of increased shipping have beenseen Since the 1976 reopening of the Suez Canal traces ofgarbage and oil have been noted and as expansion continuesobservers fear this will get worse Even now delays at someRed Sea ports sometimes force ships to wait outsidemdashwith aconsequent increase in discharge And when Saudi Arabiacompletes two new refineries with oil-loading terminals nowunder construction at Yanbursquo close supervision during terminaloperations will be vital to prevent spillage

In addition there is the danger of shipwrecks and collisionsThe Red Sea is notorious for its navigational difficulties anddangerous reefs thus when tanker traffic expands additionalcare will be necessary to guard against collisions and naviga-tional hazards

As to industrialization development in several coastal countriesis proceeding rapidly several modern ports and industrial citiesare being built But ports and new installations are often placedon the natural creeks and coves which occur on both sides ofthe Red Sea and are very likely to be important spawning andnursery grounds for fish shrimps and other forms of marinelife

In coastal cities meanwhile rapidly growing populations havein some cases resulted in the discharge of sewage directly intothe sea The same is true of suburban residences and vacationhomes now being built along the coasts from many cities Asmost of the coast is enclosed by the fringing reef and as thereis little tidal action such wastes are flushed from the lagoon

at a slow pace At some point the reef corals are bound tobe affected

Another threat arises ironically from the incredible beautyand variety of the Red Searsquos marine life Drawn by reports ofcolorful reefs teeming with fish skin divers scuba divers andshell collectors have begun to ravage the coasts in alarmingnumbers Added to the losses from small reef-based industriesmdashsuch as the collection of shellfish (Trochus niloticus) formother-of-pearl and black coral for jewelrymdashand the use ofconch for food this incursion might already be affecting thedelicate ecosystem

In Jeddah furthermore the population is already so large thatit has had an impact Fishermen for example have already usedup the arearsquos modest stock of spring lobster a local favoriteclose to Jeddah there are virtually no more And observations ina recreation area north of Jeddah suggest that the populationsof predatory fish such as groupers and coral trout and ofbranching corals such as Acropora and Stylophom -and thus ofsmall fish like angelfishes and butterfly fishes which shelterin themmdashare all lower than in most comparable reef areasA further effect often overlooked is that swimmers diversand outboard engine propellers stir up sand that settles onthe coral blocks the sunlight needed and kills it This appearsto be happening to some extent in Sharm Obhor

Directions Considering the importance of the Red Sea to theeconomics of Red Sea states what measures should be takento ensure its ecosystem Develop a four-point action plan forRed Sea states to implement Your plan must

n Identify a specific area of concern

n Describe the impact of the problem

n Propose a solution to address this issue and predict itseconomic impact

3 Gunnar Bemert Excerpt from ldquoTo Save a Seardquo Saudi Aramco World SeptOct 1980

wwwsaudiaramcoworldcomissue198005tosaveaseahtm

15

High School Activity 2 Student Handout

To Save a Sea3


The Power of theNabataeansActivity ObjectivesStudents will

n Analyze the role of the Nabataeans in Arabian andMediterranean trade

n Review general ancient history and geography pertainingto the Incense Route


Standards This lesson corresponds to the following standardsarticulated by McRel Mid-continent Research for Educationand Learning World History standard 18 Geography stan-dard 11 and Geography standard 16

Materials needed

n Class copies of Student Handout ldquoMapping a Fragrancerdquo(Cut copy page in half )

n Copy of outline map for class viewing (use an overheador LCD projection)

n Access to atlases

n Optional Did You Know Frankincense and Did YouKnow Camels

Time needed20 minutes for Masters of Trade the Nabataeansrsquo WaterCollection Skills 15- 20 minutes for Global Demand for Frankincense15-20 minutes for Nabataeans Pitch their Expertise

Procedure Part I ndash Masters of Trade The NabataeansrsquoWater Collection Skills

Introduce the Nabataeans as ancestors to todayrsquos Arabswho lived in the Arabian Peninsula earned wealth fromcontrolling the frankincense trade and built sophisticatedcities such as Madain Saleh and Petra

Ask the students to consider the geography that theNabataeans lived with How were they so successful in tradein the Arabian Peninsula Prompt students to consider thecamel the Nabataean familiarity with the desert theirsocial networks and water collection skills

Point out that the Nabataeans were skilled at watercollection which helped them dominate the frankincensetrade for several centuries Have students brainstormways to collect water in the desert in large quantitiesAnswers might include

n A dam to collect run-off rain from winter flash floodsin the desert

n An aqueduct to bring water from springs intoNabataean cities and settlements

n A channel to direct the run-off water from mountainsinto settlements and fields

n A cistern to store water

Direct students to read the article about water collection atnabataeanetwaterhtml and to summarize the various waysin which the Nabataeans collected water

Procedure Part II ndash Global Demand for Frankincense

Hold a brief discussion about the use and importance offrankincense in the ancient world Distribute the studenthandout ldquoMapping a Fragrancerdquo and instruct groups touse the handout clues their collaborative knowledgeand access to atlases to map eight positions on their mapsthat pertain to the trade of frankincense between the firstcentury BCE and into the first century CE Circulateamong the groups to assist

When the groups are finished with the map activity reviewtheir responses with a projected map image (Note forthe responses pertaining to Israel and Gaza the relativegeography is very small Encourage students to draw arrows)Answers

Clue 1 Yemen and Oman

Clue 2 Near Rome in Italy

Clue 3 Alexandria on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt

Clue 4 Near Bethlehem in Israel

Clue 5 Mountain range Himalayas China

Clue 6 Iran

Clue 7 Near Athens in Greece

Clue 8 Gaza

Direct the students to draw overland routes of frankincensefrom its source to the Romans Greeks and EgyptiansReview the trade routes starting in Yemen going throughthe Arabian Peninsula and then west to the Mediterranean(Note ldquoCaravan Kingdoms Yemen and the AncientIncense Traderdquo has a marvelous simulation that showsthe areas of frankincensersquos cultivation and trade routesSelect ldquoThe Incense Trade and Maprdquowwwasiasieduexhibitionsonlineyemendefault1htm)

Hold a class discussion about the geographic challenges ofthis trade route

n The Arabian Desert is actually an extension of AfricarsquosSahara Desert

n There are mountain ranges with some peaks as high as12000 feet

n There are no rivers or streams and there is as little astwo to four inches of rain a year

n There are deserts the Nefud is rocky the Rub al Khaliis the most arid desert on earth and has sand as deepas 600 feet

16

Procedure Part III ndash Nabataeans Pitch their ExpertiseInstruct the students in their groups to assume the role ofNabataean traders Each group must create an advertisementldquopitchingrdquo their expertise in the frankincense trade Theyneed to produce

n A document with text and images

n An identified potential client

n An effective sales pitch

Encourage the students to use their notes from this lesson toassist in their brainstorming



n Completion of map exercise

n Completion of the advertisement pitch

American Museum of Natural History Britannica Smithsonian ndash Freer and Sackler Galleries CIA World Fact

Book National Geographicrsquos XPeditions Middle Eastern Institute Petra National Trust Saudi ARAMCO World

Tibet-incensecom

17


Mapping a FragranceInstructions for obtaining a blankmap for this exerciseGo to nationalgeographiccomxpeditionsatlas Click onldquoMiddle East Regionrdquo Select ldquobasicrdquo detail levelDownload the map as a PDF and use it to fill in theanswers to the questions below

Discuss each of the clues listed below and determinethe general placement of each location on your mapClearly label your map accordingly but do not worryabout the exact location for cities However be sureto identify them in the appropriate country

Clue 1 Frankincense is produced from the hardenedsap in trees from the family Boswellia It wascultivated in these two modern-day countrieson the southern side of the Arabian Peninsula

Clue 2 Here in the capital of his empire EmperorNero bought huge harvests of frankincense toburn at the funeral of a loved one

Clue 3 In this major port city with a famous ancientlibrary frankincense was used to fill body cavitiesafter they were disemboweled and before theywere mummified

Clue 4 When Jesus was born here Christians believedthat Three Magi from the East brought giftsThe most valuable was considered frankincense

Clue 5 Beyond this tallest mountain range in theworld frankincense was referred to as fan hunxiang or ldquosoul fragrancerdquo and was used here tomourn the dead and honor the ancestors Todaythis country has the largest population in theworld

Clue 6 As a tribute to the Persian emperor Dariusfrankincense was brought to this modern dayIslamic Shiite republic

Clue 7 Here in the capital of the Greek empire thewealthy burned frankincense to warm theirhomes

Clue 8 Today this Mediterranean city is in modern-dayPalestine In ancient times it was a key exit portfrom which frankincense was shipped throughoutthe Roman Empire












18


Learning About the HajjActivity ObjectivesStudents will

n Understand the global demographics and geography ofthe Islamic faith

n Interpret data from maps and charts

n Learn about the ritual of hajj

n Identify practical concerns for the Saudi Arabians inhosting hajj

n Role-play and problem-solve about logistical dilemmasrelated to hajj


Standards This lesson corresponds to the following standardsarticulated by McRel Mid-continent Research for Educationand Learning Geography Standards 1 and 10 World HistoryStandard 13

Materials needed

n Projection of Nusret Colpanrsquos World of Islam or coloredcopies for students to shareenwikipediaorgwikiFileIslamicWorldNusretColpanjpg

n Copies or access to ldquoThe Atlas of Religion Islamrdquo (NoteIdeal to print in color if not highlight that GuineaChad Sudan Uzbekistan Kyrgyzstan and Brunei are50-79 Muslim Scroll down to see the Islam map)httpwwwopendemocracynetartsatlas_religion_4598jsp

n Copies or access to ldquoIslamrsquos Global Reachrsquowwwusnewscomusnewsgraphicsreligionislams_global_reachhtm (Click to display top 20 Muslim countries bypopulation)

n Copies of Student Handout ldquoTroubleshooting Hajjrdquo

Time needed20-30 minutes for A Gathering of Believers30-40 minutes for Hosting Hajj

Procedure

Part I Hajj A Gathering of Believers

Display the image World of Islam1 without sharing the titleIn partners have the students ldquoreadrdquo the painting fromside to side and top to bottom Hold a short discussionprompting with the following questions (Students shouldsupport their responses with details from the painting)

n Where is the viewerrsquos eye drawn and why

n From what century do you think this painting wasproduced

n What do you think is the artistrsquos message

n Propose a title for the painting

Make sure the concept of hajj is understood by reviewingthe following

n One of the five ldquoPillars of Faithrdquo of Islam is to make apilgrimage to Makkah The pilgrimage is called hajj(The other four Pillars are belief in one god Allah prayfive times a day fast during the month of Ramadan giveto charity)

n Every Muslim who is physically and financially able to doso should go on hajj at least one time in his or her life

n Hajj is the worldrsquos largest religious event

n Only Muslims can go to Makkah and perform hajj

n There is an equal ratio of male to female pilgrims

Post the following informationHajj Attendancen 19th century 100000-200000

frac12 attendees from outside Saudi Arabian 1908 ~ 200000n 1927 ~ 300000

150000 from outside Saudi Arabian 1970 gt1 million

479339 from outside Saudi Arabian 1980 18 millionn 2008 29 million

173 million from 178 countries

Ask students to discuss the following question in small groups

n Looking over these statistics what factors could accountfor the remarkable rise in international attendance overthe 20th century

Reconvene to review Students might acknowledgedevelopments in information and technology to supportissuing visas coordinating flights providing transportationand air conditioning for so many pilgrims Emphasize thatthe 1970s marked an escalation in attendance because ofthe kingdomrsquos oil boom and the governmentrsquos investmentinto building a hajj infrastructure

Distribute or access ldquoAtlas of Religion Islamrdquo and ldquoIslamrsquosGlobal Reachrdquo (links provided in ldquoMaterials Neededrdquo)and hold a discussion about the worldwide Muslimpopulation Suggested highlights

n There are 13 billion Muslims worldwide One inthree humans is Muslim Islam is the worldrsquos secondlargest religion

n More than 80 of Muslims live outside the MiddleEast To what extent is this surprising to learn

n Which countries have the highest Muslim populationHow many of them are Arab

n Where is Islam a state religion What does this mean

n Which countries in Europe have large Muslim popula-tions Use history to support this population distribu-tion (the Mongols and then the Ottoman Empireperhaps discuss the ethnic divisions brought out bythe break-up of Yugoslavia)

n Historically what accounts for the Chinese Muslimpopulation (the Mongols)

19

Part II Hosting Hajj

Share the following quote ldquoIf you can imagine havingtwenty Super Bowls in one stadium where two millionpeople will come to the same stadiumhellip Add to that thefact that these two million people will actually be takingpart in playing the game as well It may give you a glimpseof the preparations needed for hajjrdquo2 Ask the students tointerpret the meaning of this quote

Distribute the Student Handout ldquoTroubleshooting Hajjrdquo(Cut the copy pages in half ) and instruct student groupsto consider the preparations for hosting hajj They needto brainstorm the logistical concerns when hosting almostthree million people in Makkah Saudi Arabia

Reconvene and review the exercise using the followinginformation

n Scenario 1 Qurbani The Saudi government distributes vouchers for sheep to beslaughtered in honor of a hajji and the meat is distributedto the needy It is a proxy-slaughter Coupons are availableat wwwadahiorgadahisiteDefaultaspx

n Scenario 2 HeatTent cities are built to accommodate the hajjis They areair conditioned with heat-resistant tiles Saudi televisionfeatures information about preventing heat stroke Thespring water that is believed to have saved Hagar andIshmael Zam Zam water is bottled and widely distributed

n Scenario 3 Physical demandsThe Saudi government has built escalators and tunnelsIt licenses 14000 buses to shuttle hajjis around MakkahThis past winter Saudi Arabia awarded a contract to theChinese to build a monorail around Makkah Additionallyhealth requirements dictate that pilgrims cannot beyounger than 12 or older than 65

n Scenario 4 ContagionThe Ministry of Health requires that all hajjis be vaccinatedagainst the seasonal flu and against the H1N1 virus if itis available Additionally people in impaired health arebanned and depending on a hajjirsquos country of origin he orshe may be subject to additional vaccinations (See theweb site for specifics wwwhajinformationcommainxy2414htm) Additionally other countries can preventits citizens from attending hajj Iran has mandated thatits citizens return from Saudi Arabia by the end of thesummermdashmonths before hajj

n Scenario 5 SecurityWith respect to fires Saudi authorities banned portabletents and provides fireproof tents Gas cooking burners arealso prohibited Platforms at holy sites have been expandedto accommodate several million people to avoid thestampedes of the past Saudi Arabia restricts the number ofvisas issued (Note It is difficult to find out this informationbut generally 1000 visas are issued for every one millionMuslims in a country) 100000 security agents weredeployed to safeguard Hajj 2008

Instruct students to pretend they are hajjis participatingin hajj this year They need to write a series of three to

four postcards to their families describing a different aspectof the hajj ritual and experience Encourage them to researchto achieve an authentic description and to cite their sourcesTo prepare for this task students can visit the PBS VirtualHajj web site and the BBCrsquos Hajj in Pictureswwwpbsorgmuhammadvh_step1shtmlwwwbbccoukreligiongallerieshajj

If possible encourage students to interview members oftheir community who have participated on a hajj



n Completion of troubleshooting exercise

n Completion of the Hajj postcards

1 Nusret Colpan (1952-2008) Turkish World of Islam

2 Iyad Madani Minister of Hajj 2003

ABC News Ministry of Hajj ndash Saudi Arabia National Geographic News Open Democracy Progressive Policy

Institute Saudi-US Information Service US News amp World Report Wikipedia

20


Troubleshooting HajjYour group is the Ministry of Hajj in Saudi Arabia and isdevising plans for the next hajj Examine the process of hajjand troubleshoot potential safety and logistical considerationsIdentify these concerns with your group Consider that pilgrimsmust do the following activitiesn Bathe don Ihram the white garments and say a statement

of pure intentionn Go to Makkah to perform tawaf and circle the Karsquoba

stone seven timesn Stay overnight in a makeshift camp city of Mina n Travel to the valley of Arafat where Muslims believe the

patriarch Abraham showed his devotion to Allah bypreparing to sacrifice his son Ishmael Pilgrims pray here

n Go to Muzdalifa to spend the night and gather 49-72small stones

n Return to Mina to throw stones at the pillars of Jamraatto Muslims these pillars symbolize the devil who tried toprevent Abrahamrsquos sacrifice for Allah

n Slaughter a sacrificial sheep a qurbani to give to the poorn For men shave their heads and for women cut their nails

and a piece of their hairn Return to Makkah to perform tawaf circling the Karsquoba

stone seven timesn Stay in Mina for three to four days and throw stones at

the pillars of Jamraatn Return to Makkah to perform another tawaf and circle

the Karsquoba stone seven timesn Claim the title hajji for men and hajjah for women upon

completion of hajj

A map of the hajj route which covers approximately 50 milesis available at wwwhajinformationcommainf20htm

Your group must develop specific action plans to addresseach of the following scenarios

Scenario 1 Part of the hajj ritual is the practice of qurbaniwhere an animal is sacrificed and given to the poor Howcan this ritual be observed hygienically and safely

Scenario 2 While hajj is never a fixed time of year becauseMuslims follow a lunar calendar it will not take placeduring cool weather in Makkah Average temperaturesrange between 84deg and well into the 100sdeg How canhajjis avoid heat stroke heat exhaustion and dehydration

Scenario 3 Much of hajj involves physical activity Whataccommodations should you provide

Scenario 4 The World Health Organization has predictedthe further contagion of the H1N1 virus Hajjis comefrom more than 170 countriesmdashwhat measures shouldyou take to prevent the spread of the virus here

Scenario 5 Past hajjs have ended tragically with firesstampedes and violence How can you provide for thephysical safety of the pilgrims













completion of hajj








21

Timeline of Saudi Arabia

Nabataeans and Ancient Times2nd century BCE Rise of Nabataeans the ancestors of Arabs

in the Arabian Peninsula they controlledthe Incense Route and built the cityMadain Saleh

106 CE Romans annex Arabia downfall of theNabataeans

4th century CE Arabian Peninsula is a key location in traderoutes between the East (China and India)and the West (Persian and RomanByzan-tium empires)

Birth of Islam570 Birth of the prophet Mohammed in Makkah610 Muslims believe that Mohammed receives

his first revelation from Allah God613 Mohammed begins preaching his mono -

theistic faith 622 Mohammed and his followers immigrate

to Madinah and found the first Muslimsettlement

625-628 Battles occur between Muslims and otherArabian polytheistic tribes

630 Arabian Peninsula is united under Islam632 Mohammed returns to Makkah with his

followers to perform hajj pilgrimage632 Mohammed dies650 Quran is compiled it is the written version

of Mohammedrsquos revelations

Spread of Islam633-637 Islamic armies conquer Syria Palestine

most of Mesopotamia640s Islamic armies conquer Egypt and North

Africa651 Persia is conquered

711-718 Northwest India (Sind) northwest Africathe Iberian Peninsula and central Asia areall part of the Islamic empire

700-1000 Golden Age of Islam1517 Ottoman Empire rulesMakkah andMadinah

Saudi Wahhabi Alliance1703 Conservative Muslim preacher Mohammed

ibn Abd al Wahhab is born he preaches infavor of a ldquopurerdquo and Arabized Islam freefrom foreign influences like caliphates andthe Ottomans

1740 Mohammad ibn al Saud a tribal leaderis converted to Wahhabrsquos views and offershim protection the WahhabSaudi allianceis born and continues

1803 After a successful series of military conqueststhe first SaudiWahhabi empire stands

1814 Ottomans recapture Riyadh and executeSaudi leader

1824 Riyadh is back in Saudi hands until it iscaptured by an enemy tribe the al-Rashidsin the 1890s

Birth of Modern Saudi Arabia1902 Abdul Aziz ibn Abdul Rahman ibn al Saud

captures Riyadh with the help of his Wah-habi army and loyal Bedouin tribes

1925-26 Abdul Aziz captures Makkah and Madinahand proclaims himself King

1932 Abdul Aziz declares the formation of theKingdom of Saudi Arabia founded on theprinciples of Wahhabism oil is discoveredin Arabian Peninsula

1933 First oil concession is granted to Americanoil company

1937 Oil is discovered in Riyadh and DammanSaudi Arabia

1943 US President Franklin D Roosevelt notesthat Saudi Arabia is ldquovital for defense of theUSrdquo

Balancing Modernization vs Tradition1960 Organization of Petroleum Exporting

Countries (OPEC) is formed to coordinateoil pricing

1974 Oil embargo against the United States fortheir support of Israel during the YomKippur War (1973) oil prices quadruple

1974-1980 Oil boom in Saudi Arabia bringsunprecedented wealth as well as influxof foreign workers

1979 Great Mosque in Makkah is taken over by250 extremists 129 dead

1990 Gulf WarmdashUS troops are stationed inSaudi Arabia Saudi son Osama bin Ladenvehemently opposed the presence of non-Muslims on Saudi soil Saudi womenprotest by driving in Saudi Arabia (Thereremains a ban on women driving)

1991 Moderates call for government reforms 1993 Consultative Council composed of Saudi

citizens is formed2001 19 terrorists 15 of whom were Saudi drive

planes into the US Pentagon and theWorld Trade Center

2003 2004 Terrorists attack Saudis and westerners inRiyadh and al-Khobar Towersmdash50 ofAmericans and 30 European workersleave the kingdom

2005 First municipal elections take place SaudiArabia joins the World Trade Organization

Bentley Jerry H Herbert F Ziegler Traditions and Encounters A Global Perspective on the Past (McGraw Hill

New York 2000)

Butler Stuart Terry Carter Lara Dunston Frances Linzee Gordon Jonny Walker Lonely Planet Oman UAE and

Arabian Peninsula (Lonely Planet London 2007)

Mackey Sandra The Saudis Inside the Desert Kingdom (WWNorton amp Co New York 2002)

North Peter and Harvey Tripp Culture Shock A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette Saudi Arabia

(Marshal Cavendish Corp Tarrytown 2006)

wwwpbsorgmuhammad ldquoMuhammad Legacy of a Prophetrdquo (accessed 18809)

enwikipediaorg ldquoSaudi Arabiardquo ldquoWahhabismrdquo ldquoMohammadrdquo (accessed 18809)

22

Muslim Scientists andTheir Achievements inthe Middle AgesJabir ibn Haiyam (b721-d803)Largely considered the father of chemistry Jabir ibn Haiyammade important discoveries for the everyday application ofscience His contributions include making steel dye andrust inhibitors as well as discovering many different acids(Windows to the Universe University Corporation for Atmospheric Research University of Michigan

wwwwindowsucaredutourlink=peoplemiddle_agesibnhaiyanhtml)

Mohammad al Khwarizmi (b780-d850) UzbekistanAuthor of the text Hisab Al-Jabr Wrsquoal Mugabalah (ldquothe scienceof reunion and reductionrdquo) Khwarizmirsquos work was in the fieldof algebraic mathematics (Europeans took the word al-jabrand referred to it as ldquoalgebrardquo) His work on algorithms alsoa word of Arabic derivation is still applied today to approachproblems with a particular set of rulesSan Jose State University History of Mathematics Science and Technology a Culturally Affirming View

wwwsjsuedudeptsMuseumaamenuhtml

Abu Yusef Yaqoub ibn Ishaq al Kindi (b805-d873) IraqKnown as ldquothe philosopher of the Arabsrdquo al Kindi was alsoa renowned chemist who was committed to the processof testing hypotheses and refuting the practice of alchemyal Kindirsquos work had useful application for perfumes andpharmaceuticals

Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al Biruni (b973-d1048) Uzbekistanal Biruni was a well-rounded scholar who studied astronomyanthropology geology mathematics and countless othersubjects He had an advanced understanding of the rotationof the planets

Abu Ali al-Hussain Ibn Abdallah Ibn Sina (b980-d1037)PersiaIbn Sina was a preeminent physician and pioneer in the fieldof medicine He advanced doctorsrsquo understanding of contagionof particular diseases such as tuberculosis the spread ofdisease and the relationship between psychology the studyof the mind and general well being

Ibn al Haytham (b995-d1040) IraqA pioneer in the field of optics Ibn al Haytham or Alhazenobserved the relationship between light and vision He wasthe first to understand how the eye sees and he was able toreplicate this process by building an early camera He is alsocredited with developing the scientific method through hisprocess of testing a hypothesis through experimentation(Ibnalhaythamnet)

Omar Khayyam (b1044-d1123) PersiaA mathematician astronomer and poet Khayyam wroteTreatise on Demonstration of Problems of Algebra which wasrevolutionary in solving cubic equations Khayyam alsodeveloped an accurate calendar and possibly understoodthat the earth revolved around the sun

Abu Muhammad Abdallah Ibn Ahmad Ibn al-BaitarDhiya al-Din al-Malaqi (b-d1248) Spainibn al Baitar was an accomplished scientist and botanistHe studied over 3000 species of plants and identified theirapplications in medicine Many of his discoveries aboutthe healing properties of plants are used in herbal andconventional medicine today

Ibn al Nafis (b1213-d1288) SyriaThis physician was the first to revive important knowledgeabout how blood circulates around the body after this infor-mation lay dormant for thousands of years al Nafisrsquo discoveryadded to doctorsrsquo understanding of the circulatory system

Arabia wordnetwebprincetoneduperlwebwn

Muslim Scientists and Scholars wwwummahnethistoryscholarsindexhtml

Muslim Heritagecom wwwmuslimheritagecomday_lifedefaultcfmArticleID=370ampOldpage=1

23

ARABIA Educational Slide Show ContentAn educational slide show can be easily created in PowerpointBelow are suggestions for images and topics that could appearon each slide

i Arab

n Arabs are people whose ethnic or national background isfrom an Arab country and who speak Arabic as their firstlanguage There are approximately 200 million Arabs inthe world

n Most Arabs are Muslims but there are also millions ofChristian Arabs and thousands of Jewish Arabs Approx-imately 15 percent of Muslims in the world are Arabs

n Arabic is spoken in more than 46 countries and is the6th most common language in the world 1

i City of Jeddah or the fountain

n Jeddah is a port city in western Saudi Arabia on the RedSea near Makkah

n The Jeddah fountain rises some 853 feet (260 meters)from the sea and is the highest of its type in the world

n As a major seaport and with the airport that hajjis(Muslim pilgrims) use when visiting Makkah Jeddahis the most cosmopolitan of all Saudi Arabiarsquos cities2

iWoman wearing Abaya

n An Abaya is a long black overgarment worn by somewomen in Saudi Arabia and other countries of theArabian Peninsula

n Abaya is a traditional form of hijab or Islamic dress thatis worn outside the home

n Abaya is worn so that womenrsquos sexuality will not becomea source of temptation or enter into their interactionswith men3

i Camel(s)

n Camels were so valuable to survival in the ArabianPeninsula that there are more than 160 words for thisbeast in Arabic

n There are two types of camel the Dromedary or Arabiancamel and the Bactrian or Asian camel 90 of thecamels in the world today are Dromedary

n The royal family sponsors an annual camel race4

i Bedouin Man or Bedouin Tent

n Bedouins are nomadic Arabs of the Arabian Syrianor North African deserts who are renowned for theirhospitality

n A Bedouin tent is customarily divided by a curtain intotwo sections one for the men and most guests and theother for women to cook and receive female guests

n The most easily recognized aspect of a Bedouin manrsquosattire is his headgear which consists of the kufiyya-clothand lsquoagal-rope5

iMap of Red Sea

n The Red Searsquos elongated shape developed in the last fourto five million years The Red Sea is unique because norivers or streams flow into it

n Hundreds of species of coral reef and fish dolphinswhales and marine turtles call the Red Sea home6

i A Shipwreck

n Coral reefs of the Red Sea created barriers that causedships to sink

n The vast number of shipwrecks in the Red Sea demonstrateshow active the trade route was Shipwrecks today form partof the same coral reef system that caused ships to sink7

i Amphora

n An amphora is an ancient ceramic jar with two handlesand a narrow neck that was used to hold oil or wine

n Roman carvings on old amphora are used to find outhow old it is and what it was used for

n The Romans used shards of broken amphorae as build-ing materials in their roads8

iMadain Saleh

n Madain Saleh is an archaeological site where Nabataeanslived

n It was a thriving center of learned literate and wealthypeople that contains 111 monumental tombs and waterwells that are outstanding examples of the Nabataeansrsquoarchitectural accomplishment and hydraulic expertise

n Madain Saleh is the first Unesco World Heritage propertyto be inscribed in Saudi Arabia 9

i Sandstorm

n A sandstorm occurs when storming winds drop to thehot ground and blow up dry loose sand

24

n Sand dunes formed from sandstorms in Saudi Arabiarsquosdeserts can measure taller than the Eiffel Tower Sandstormstoday cripple Middle Eastern cities causing airports toclose and disrupting business and peoplersquos everyday lives10

i Boswelia Treefrankincense

n Frankincense is tapped from the Boswelia tree that createsa resin used to treat diseases and as aromatherapy and aningredient of incense

n Frankincense is ground to make kohl eyeliner pencil

n Frankincense was a highly valued trade commodity carriedin ancient times across the Arabian Desert to the RomanEmpire for use in their temples11

iMuslim praying

n Islam is the religious faith of Muslims based on the wordsand religious system founded by the prophet Mohammedand taught by the Quran

n Muslims pray five times a day facing in the direction of Makkah

n Islam is the second most practiced religion in the world12

iMuslim Scientist

n The word ldquoalgebrardquo comes from Arabic Muslimastronomers understood that the earth circles the suncenturies before Europeans observed this

n Muslim scientists studied the healing properties ofplants Their discoveries are still used today in herbaland conventional medicine13

i Ibn al Haytham

n Ibn al Haytham was an Arabian scientist born in 965who proved that light travels in a perfectly straight lineand was the first to explain how the eye sees

n Ibn al Haythan made significant contributions to sciencein general with his introduction of the scientific method

n Geometry was Ibn al-Haythamrsquos forte the subject inwhich most of his writings have survived and for whichhe was most appreciated 14

i Abdul Aziz

n In 1932 after recapturing his familyrsquos lands Abdul Aziz(Ibn Saud) united the tribes into the Kingdom of SaudiArabia As Saudi Arabiarsquos first king he frequently traveledthroughout the kingdom to be accessible to his subjectsHe was the father of the current Saudi Arabian KingFahd bin Abdul Aziz and is estimated to have had 50-60children15

i Oil field

n Petroleum formed from the fossilized remains of plants andanimals which decomposed millions of years ago Over thecenturies heat and pressure turned this rock into petroleum

n One quarter of the worldrsquos petroleum reserves are inSaudi Arabia Saudi Arabia is the worldrsquos number oneexporter of petroleum16

iMakkah

n Makkah located in western Saudi Arabia is the holiestof Muslim cities

n All devoutMuslims attempt a pilgrimage or hajj toMakkahat least once in their lifetime Each year some two millionhajjis (pilgrims) from all over the world come to Makkah17

i Karsquoba

n The Karsquoba is an oblong stone building located approxi-mately in the center of the quadrangle of the GrandMosque in Makkah

n Set in silver in the eastern corner of the Karsquoba is the sacredBlack Stone the focal point of the Hajj and the onlyremnant of the shrine which Abraham built when it wasgiven to him by the angel Gabriel

n During the Hajj Muslim pilgrims walk around the Karsquobaseven times to become one unit with all human beingsaround them and with earth and the sun because every-thing moves in this counter-clockwise movement18

i Skyscraper or other Modern Day Saudi Arabia image

n Saudi Arabia plans to build the largest womenrsquos universityin the world for women to study medicine managementand computer science

n King Abdullah University of Science and Technology ispartnering with UC Berkeley Univ of Texas (Austin)and Stanford University to build a preeminent graduate-level research university in Saudi Arabia

n Today Arabia may be poised on the brink of its nextGolden Age19

1 wwwpbsorgfrontlineteachmuslimsbeliefshtml Ethnologue Volume I Languages of the World 14th ed(2000) wwwusccrgovpubssacdc0603ch2htm

2 wordnetwebprincetoneduperlwebwn wwwsaudinfcommaina85htm3 enwikipediaorgwikiAbaya wwwpbsorgfrontlineteachmuslimsbeliefshtml4 Danielle Zagata ldquoInteresting Fact About Camelsrdquo Associated Content 4 Oct 2007 [6 July 2009]

wwwassociatedcontentcomarticle396604interesting_facts_about_camelshtmlcat=58Sandra Mackey The Sauds Inside the Desert Kingdom (WWNorton amp Co NY 2002)

5 wwwmerriam-webstercomdictionarybedouin wwwgeographiacomegyptsinaibedouin02htm6 wwwtulaneedu~sanelsonimageseafricagif wwwsgsorgsaindexcfmsec=221amppage=7 ARABIA8 wordnetwebprincetoneduperlwebwn ARABIA9 whcunescoorgenlist129310 enwikipediaorgwikiHaboob wwwireportcom11 wwwbritannicacomEBcheckedtopic217294frankincense tibet-incensecomblogthe-history-and-use-

of-frankincense wwwbotanicalcombotanicalmgmhffranki31html12 Dictionarycom and ARABIA13 wwwsjsuedudeptsMuseumaamenuhtml wwwummahnethistoryscholarsindexhtml14 harvardmagazinecom200309ibn-al-haythamhtml wwwibnalhaythamnet ARABIA15 wwwkingfahdbinabdulazizcommainb10htm and ARABIA16 wwwkidsesdbbgoilhtml Sandra Mackey The Sauds Inside the Desert Kingdom (WWNorton amp Co NY 200217 wwwsaudinfcommaina83htm18 wwwsaudinfcommaina832htm19 ARABIA newscnetcom8301-10784_3-9885362-7html

wwwpbsorgwnetwideangleuncategorizedsaudi-arabias-first-womens-university3486

25

Arabia GlossaryAbaya A long black overgarment worn by some women in Saudi

Arabia and other countries of the Arabian peninsula It is atraditional form of hijab or Islamic dress enwikipediaorgwikiAbaya

Abdul Aziz In 1932 after recapturing his familyrsquos lands Abdul Aziz(Ibn Saud) united the tribes into the Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaHe was the father of the current Saudi Arabian King Fahd binAbdul Aziz and is estimated to have had 50-60 childrenwwwkingfahdbinabdulazizcommainb10htm and ARABIA

Amphorae Ancient ceramic jars with two handles and a narrowneck used to hold oil or winewordnetwebprincetoneduperlwebwn

Arab A person whose ethnic or national background is from an Arabcountry Approximately 15 percent of Muslims in the worldare Arabswwwpbsorgwgbhpagesfrontlineteachmuslimsbeliefshtml

Arabian Peninsula A peninsula in the Middle East bordered by Iraqand Jordan to the north the Persian Gulf to the northeast theRed Sea to the southwest and the Indian Ocean to the southeastSaudi Arabia comprises 80 of the Arabian PeninsulaenwiktionaryorgwikiArabian_Peninsula

Bedouin A nomadic Arab of the Arabian Syrian or North Africandesertswwwmerriam-webstercomdictionarybedouin

Camels Cud-chewing mammals used as draft or saddle animals indesert regionswordnetwebprincetoneduperlwebwn

Caravan A procession (of wagons or mules or camels) travelingtogether in single file Also sometimes called a camel trainwordnetwebprincetoneduperlwebwn

Falcon A bird of prey active during the day with long pointedpowerful wings adapted for swift flightwordnetwebprincetoneduperlwebwn

Frankincense Common name for the aromatic resins and oils oftrees from the Boswellia family found chiefly in the southernArabian Peninsula and used in a variety of wayswwwsaudiaramcoworldcomissue200504glossarypopuphtml

Golden AgeThe first Golden Age lasting three hundred years during thetime of the Nabataeans saw the blossoming of a commonalphabet the root of todayrsquos Arabia languageARABIA

The second Islamic Golden Age also sometimes known as theIslamic Renaissance is traditionally dated from the 7th to 13thcenturies CE but has been extended to the 15th and 16thcenturies by more recent scholarship During this period artistsengineers scholars poets philosophers geographers and tradersin the Islamic world contributed innovations and inventionsto the arts agriculture economics industry law literaturenavigation philosophy sciences sociology and technologyenwikipediaorgwikiIslamic_Golden_Age

Hajj Every Muslim is required to make the pilgrimage or Hajj toMakkah located in Saudi Arabia once in their lifetime if sheor he is financially and physically ablewwwpbsorgwgbhpagesfrontlineteachmuslimsbeliefshtml

Ibn al Haytham Arabian scientist who proved that light travels ina perfectly straight line and was the first to explain correctly howthe eye sees Born in 965 he made significant contributions tothe principles of optics and other scientific areas and to sciencein general with his introduction of the scientific methodARABIA and enwikipediaorgwikiAlhazen

IslamThe religious faith of Muslims based on the words and religioussystem founded by the prophet Mohammed and taught by theQuran The basic principle of Islam is absolute submission toa unique and personal god Allah Islam is the second mostpracticed religion in the worldDictionarycom and ARABIA

Jeddah A port city in western Saudi Arabia on the Red Sea nearMakkahwordnetwebprincetoneduperlwebwn

Karsquoba The very first ldquohouse of Godrdquo located in Makkah sometimescalled Cube or holy magnet Muslims believe it was built byAbraham patriarch of three religions Jewish Christian andIslamic Muslim pilgrims walk around the Karsquoba seven timesARABIA

Madain Saleh The Archaeological Site of Al-Hijr (Madain Saleh)is the first Unesco World Heritage property to be inscribed inSaudi Arabia With its 111 monumental tombs 94 of which aredecorated and water wells the site is an outstanding exampleof the Nabataeansrsquo architectural accomplishment and hydraulicexpertisewhcunescoorgenlist1293

Makkah The holiest of Muslim cities located in western Saudi ArabiaMohammed the founder of Islam was born in Makkah andit is toward this religious center that Muslims turn five timesdaily for prayer All devout Muslims attempt a pilgrimage orhajj to Makkah at least once in their lifetimewwwsaudinfcommaina83htm

Mosque Place of worship for Muslims Many mosques are recognizedby their tall minarets or towers however minarets are not aphysical requirement of mosques Typically mosques have aprayer hall covered with carpets and people take their shoesoff at the door to maintain the cleanliness of the prayer areawwwpbsorgwgbhpagesfrontlineteachmuslimsglossaryhtml

Muslim One who follows the religion of Islam literally one wholdquosubmits to the will of Godrdquowwwpbsorgwgbhpagesfrontlineteachmuslimsglossaryhtml

Nabataeans Ancient people of northwestern Arabia centered inmodern Jordan They formed a kingdom in the 4th centuryBCE that lasted about 450 years Nabataeans were the firstpeople to call themselves Arabs They developed the Arabiclanguage and script and the Arabic cultural identitylooklexcomeonabateanshtm and ARABIA

Red Sea A long arm of the Indian Ocean between northeast Africaand Arabia linked to the Mediterranean at the north end bythe Suez Canal It is unique in that no rivers flow into itSaudi Geological Survey wordnetwebprincetoneduperlwebwn

Riyadh The joint capital (with Makkah) and largest city of SaudiArabia located in the central oasis areawordnetwebprincetoneduperlwebwn

Sandstorm Particles of sand carried aloft by strong wind The sandparticles are mostly confined to the lowest ten feet and rarelyrise more than fifty feet above the ground The Arabian desertis famous for its high winds creating a tidal wave of sand anddust lasting hours or even weekswwwsrhnoaagovjetstreamappendglossary_shtm and ARABIA

26

Community Resources and Potential PartnersOf the many topics covered in the Arabia film two lend themselvesespecially well to community partnering IslamMuslims andgeography Below are some suggestions for partners and resourcesin the community

ISLAMIslamic Society of North AmericawwwisnanetThis national organization provides services to the Muslim communityof North America There are many local and regional chapters andconferences held in different cities and regional zones over the courseof each year A local chapter or the national Office of CommunityOutreach can provide speakers and offer suggestions for local resources

Islamic Networks GroupwwwingorgING strives to increase interreligious understanding and mutualrespect among all Americans They offer a speakerrsquos bureau

Universities and CollegesMost large universities have departments of Islamic Studies thatoffer classes community activities and workshops Professors canbe invited to serve on a panel or speak at an event Students wouldlikely be interested in seeing the film

Local Mosques Many mosques encourage community visits for people of all faithsto learn about Islam and visit a mosque

GEOGRAPHYNational Council for Geographic Education (NCGE)The National Council for Geographic Education works to enhancethe status and quality of geography teaching and learning The NCGEcollaborates with National Geographic to offer conferences andlearning opportunities Most states have a ldquoGeographic Alliancerdquoaffiliated with NCGE Contact your state chapter to find speakersand geography teachers

Universities and CollegesMost colleges and universities offer courses in the many geographytopics addressed in the film geology coral reefs the Red Sea crudeoil formation and the geography of Saudi Arabia Professors can beinvited to serve on a panel or speak at an event Students wouldlikely be interested in seeing the film

Web SitesSAUDI ARABIAUS State Departmentwwwstategovrpaeibgn3584htmThe official US Department of State Web site gives comprehensivebackground information on all aspects of Saudi Arabia

National Geographictravelnationalgeographiccomplacescountriescountry_saudiara-biahtmlNational Geographicrsquos Web site includes information videos mapsand a photo gallery

SAMIRAD the Saudi Arabia Market Information ResourcewwwsaudinfcommainahtmThis Saudi Web site ldquoprovides visitors with answers to any ques-tions they may have about the history development governmentand economy of the Kingdomrdquo A comprehensive table of contentsmakes it easy to search by topic The map allows for satellite imagesand viewing of photos of any city

Internet Islamic History Sourcebook from Fordham UniversitywwwfordhameduhalsallislamislamsbookhtmlThis collection of history texts provides educators and students withrich documentation from the pre-Islamic Arab world throughmodern times Areas of focus include religion government ethnicityin the Muslim world and geography

ISLAMThe Islam ProjectwwwtheislamprojectorgProduced in collaboration with a PBS documentary this is acomprehensive Web site for ldquoeveryone who wants to know moreabout Islammdashits story its beliefs and its increasingly prominentrole in the modern worldrdquo Of special use is their overview andrating of other Islam Web sites at wwwislamprojectorgeducationgw_general_islamhtm

FRONTLINE MuslimswwwpbsorgwgbhpagesfrontlineshowsmuslimsThis companion site to the FRONTLINE four-part documentaryincludes a primer on Islam responses to frequently asked ques-tions interviews with many Muslims and experts and a variety ofreadings

The GuardianMosqueswwwguardiancoukeducation2003sep23primaryschoolteach-ingresourcesprimaryeducation1This site offers concise explanations of all aspects of the buildingsand the activities that take place within a mosque

27

Educational Support bythe Xenel Group Safra Company Limited Fluor Corporation Saudi Cable Company Zahid Group

Alujain Corporation Hidada Limited and Tarek TaherAdditional support was provided by

MacGillivray Freeman Films Educational Foundation

This guide was developed by Media Education Consultants and written by Simone Bloom Nathan and Debra Plafker GuttProject Management Alice Casbara-Leek MacGillivray Freeman Films Design Jeff Girard Victoria Street Graphic Design

Background Saudi Arabia and the Red Sea 1

Did You KnowAmphorae 3Ibn al Haytham 3Falcons 4Frankincense 4Camels 5Sandstorms 5Islam 6

Youth Activities Sandstorms 7Smells of the Ancient World 7

Thirsty Camel 8Draw As I Say 8Pinhole Camera 10

High School ActivitiesName Five 11The Birth of the Sea 13The Power of the Nabateans 16Learning about The Hajj 19

Arabia Timeline 22Muslim Scientists 23Educational Slide Show 24Glossary 26Community Resources 27Web Sites 27

TURKEY

CYPRUS

ERITREA

SOMALIA

SUDAN

EGYPT

JORDAN

KUWAIT

ISRAEL

LEBANON

QATAR

BAHRAIN

U A E

YEMEN

SYRIA

IRAQ IRAN

OMAN

SAUDI ARABIA

Red Sea

Gulf of Aden

PersianGulf

Gulf ofOmanMadinah

Makkah

Madain Saleh

Jeddah

E M P T Y Q U A R T E R

Riyadh

Educatorrsquos Resource and Activity GuideIntroductionThe giant-screen film ARABIA is a thought-provoking learningexperience about a land steeped in myth and mystery In thefilm unfolds the story of an extreme desert environment thatthrough its peoplersquos thirst for knowledge the riches of globaltrade and a deep devotion to faith has become one of themost powerful yet least understood regions on Earth todayAudiences will ride the dunes with a camel caravan dive intothe treasure-laden Red Sea explore the ruins of a toweringlost city hurtle back into the Islamic golden age of inventionjoin three million Muslims on the hajj pilgrimage and get toknow the young Arabians transforming tomorrowrsquos worldThe result is a surprising and illuminating journey that not onlyunveils an oft-hidden world full of discovery mdashbut also servesas a bridge between two cultures that have long misunderstoodone another

ARABIA is a film for IMAXreg IMAX Dome and IMAX 3D Theatres wwwarabia-filmcom

Table of Contents













GREECE

KENYA

ETHIOPIA

ERITREA

NIGERMALI

NIGERIANIGER

CHAD

TANZANIAZANTA

ZAIRE


GABON


UGANDA

UNDIBURRU

RW NNDANWAWANW

TOGO

BENIN

BURKINARK

CAMEROONOON


CONGO

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

IRAN

TURKMENISTAN

MALTAA

SEYCHELLES

SUDAN

EGYPT

MAURITANIA

SOMALIA

LIBYAALGERIA

TUNISIAMOROCCO

WESTERNSAHARA

JORDAN

PALESTINE

LEBANON

QATARBAHRAIN

U A E

YEMEN

SYRIAIRAQ

OMAN

SAUDI ARABIA

COMOROS

1
















2

Amphorae








Ibnal Haytham






3

DID YOU KNOW















4

DID YOU KNOW








dromedary-camelhtml


















5

DID YOU KNOW

















6

DID YOU KNOW

Youth Activity 1


Materials Needed



Procedure














Youth Activity 2


Materials Needed

n Frankincense



Procedure







7

Youth Activity 3


Materials Needed







Procedure






Youth Activity 4


Materials Needed










Post-Activity







8








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair

9

Youth Activity 5







Procedure













Using the camera
















10






Materials needed
































11














n Discovered optics






12


Name Five










Materials needed




n Measuring tape(s)
























13


















(accessed 81309)



14















15


To Save a Sea3







Materials needed



n Access to atlases




















Clue 6 Iran


Clue 8 Gaza







16












Tibet-incensecom

17























18










Materials needed






Procedure




























19





















20













completion of hajj




















completion of hajj








21












































New York 2000)








22















23


i Arab












i Camel(s)








iMap of Red Sea



i A Shipwreck



i Amphora




iMadain Saleh




i Sandstorm


24






iMuslim praying




iMuslim Scientist



i Ibn al Haytham




i Abdul Aziz


i Oil field



iMakkah



i Karsquoba














25



























26















27

















GREECE

KENYA

ETHIOPIA

ERITREA

NIGERMALI

NIGERIANIGER

CHAD

TANZANIAZANTA

ZAIRE


GABON


UGANDA

UNDIBURRU

RW NNDANWAWANW

TOGO

BENIN

BURKINARK

CAMEROONOON


CONGO

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

IRAN

TURKMENISTAN

MALTAA

SEYCHELLES

SUDAN

EGYPT

MAURITANIA

SOMALIA

LIBYAALGERIA

TUNISIAMOROCCO

WESTERNSAHARA

JORDAN

PALESTINE

LEBANON

QATARBAHRAIN

U A E

YEMEN

SYRIAIRAQ

OMAN

SAUDI ARABIA

COMOROS

1
















2

Amphorae








Ibnal Haytham






3

DID YOU KNOW















4

DID YOU KNOW








dromedary-camelhtml


















5

DID YOU KNOW

















6

DID YOU KNOW

Youth Activity 1


Materials Needed



Procedure














Youth Activity 2


Materials Needed

n Frankincense



Procedure







7

Youth Activity 3


Materials Needed







Procedure






Youth Activity 4


Materials Needed










Post-Activity







8








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair

9

Youth Activity 5







Procedure













Using the camera
















10






Materials needed
































11














n Discovered optics






12


Name Five










Materials needed




n Measuring tape(s)
























13


















(accessed 81309)



14















15


To Save a Sea3







Materials needed



n Access to atlases




















Clue 6 Iran


Clue 8 Gaza







16












Tibet-incensecom

17























18










Materials needed






Procedure




























19





















20













completion of hajj




















completion of hajj








21












































New York 2000)








22















23


i Arab












i Camel(s)








iMap of Red Sea



i A Shipwreck



i Amphora




iMadain Saleh




i Sandstorm


24






iMuslim praying




iMuslim Scientist



i Ibn al Haytham




i Abdul Aziz


i Oil field



iMakkah



i Karsquoba














25



























26















27



















2

Amphorae








Ibnal Haytham






3

DID YOU KNOW















4

DID YOU KNOW








dromedary-camelhtml


















5

DID YOU KNOW

















6

DID YOU KNOW

Youth Activity 1


Materials Needed



Procedure














Youth Activity 2


Materials Needed

n Frankincense



Procedure







7

Youth Activity 3


Materials Needed







Procedure






Youth Activity 4


Materials Needed










Post-Activity







8








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair

9

Youth Activity 5







Procedure













Using the camera
















10






Materials needed
































11














n Discovered optics






12


Name Five










Materials needed




n Measuring tape(s)
























13


















(accessed 81309)



14















15


To Save a Sea3







Materials needed



n Access to atlases




















Clue 6 Iran


Clue 8 Gaza







16












Tibet-incensecom

17























18










Materials needed






Procedure




























19





















20













completion of hajj




















completion of hajj








21












































New York 2000)








22















23


i Arab












i Camel(s)








iMap of Red Sea



i A Shipwreck



i Amphora




iMadain Saleh




i Sandstorm


24






iMuslim praying




iMuslim Scientist



i Ibn al Haytham




i Abdul Aziz


i Oil field



iMakkah



i Karsquoba














25



























26















27





Amphorae








Ibnal Haytham






3

DID YOU KNOW















4

DID YOU KNOW








dromedary-camelhtml


















5

DID YOU KNOW

















6

DID YOU KNOW

Youth Activity 1


Materials Needed



Procedure














Youth Activity 2


Materials Needed

n Frankincense



Procedure







7

Youth Activity 3


Materials Needed







Procedure






Youth Activity 4


Materials Needed










Post-Activity







8








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair

9

Youth Activity 5







Procedure













Using the camera
















10






Materials needed
































11














n Discovered optics






12


Name Five










Materials needed




n Measuring tape(s)
























13


















(accessed 81309)



14















15


To Save a Sea3







Materials needed



n Access to atlases




















Clue 6 Iran


Clue 8 Gaza







16












Tibet-incensecom

17























18










Materials needed






Procedure




























19





















20













completion of hajj




















completion of hajj








21












































New York 2000)








22















23


i Arab












i Camel(s)








iMap of Red Sea



i A Shipwreck



i Amphora




iMadain Saleh




i Sandstorm


24






iMuslim praying




iMuslim Scientist



i Ibn al Haytham




i Abdul Aziz


i Oil field



iMakkah



i Karsquoba














25



























26















27



















4

DID YOU KNOW








dromedary-camelhtml


















5

DID YOU KNOW

















6

DID YOU KNOW

Youth Activity 1


Materials Needed



Procedure














Youth Activity 2


Materials Needed

n Frankincense



Procedure







7

Youth Activity 3


Materials Needed







Procedure






Youth Activity 4


Materials Needed










Post-Activity







8








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair

9

Youth Activity 5







Procedure













Using the camera
















10






Materials needed
































11














n Discovered optics






12


Name Five










Materials needed




n Measuring tape(s)
























13


















(accessed 81309)



14















15


To Save a Sea3







Materials needed



n Access to atlases




















Clue 6 Iran


Clue 8 Gaza







16












Tibet-incensecom

17























18










Materials needed






Procedure




























19





















20













completion of hajj




















completion of hajj








21












































New York 2000)








22















23


i Arab












i Camel(s)








iMap of Red Sea



i A Shipwreck



i Amphora




iMadain Saleh




i Sandstorm


24






iMuslim praying




iMuslim Scientist



i Ibn al Haytham




i Abdul Aziz


i Oil field



iMakkah



i Karsquoba














25



























26















27












dromedary-camelhtml


















5

DID YOU KNOW

















6

DID YOU KNOW

Youth Activity 1


Materials Needed



Procedure














Youth Activity 2


Materials Needed

n Frankincense



Procedure







7

Youth Activity 3


Materials Needed







Procedure






Youth Activity 4


Materials Needed










Post-Activity







8








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair

9

Youth Activity 5







Procedure













Using the camera
















10






Materials needed
































11














n Discovered optics






12


Name Five










Materials needed




n Measuring tape(s)
























13


















(accessed 81309)



14















15


To Save a Sea3







Materials needed



n Access to atlases




















Clue 6 Iran


Clue 8 Gaza







16












Tibet-incensecom

17























18










Materials needed






Procedure




























19





















20













completion of hajj




















completion of hajj








21












































New York 2000)








22















23


i Arab












i Camel(s)








iMap of Red Sea



i A Shipwreck



i Amphora




iMadain Saleh




i Sandstorm


24






iMuslim praying




iMuslim Scientist



i Ibn al Haytham




i Abdul Aziz


i Oil field



iMakkah



i Karsquoba














25



























26















27





















6

DID YOU KNOW

Youth Activity 1


Materials Needed



Procedure














Youth Activity 2


Materials Needed

n Frankincense



Procedure







7

Youth Activity 3


Materials Needed







Procedure






Youth Activity 4


Materials Needed










Post-Activity







8








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair

9

Youth Activity 5







Procedure













Using the camera
















10






Materials needed
































11














n Discovered optics






12


Name Five










Materials needed




n Measuring tape(s)
























13


















(accessed 81309)



14















15


To Save a Sea3







Materials needed



n Access to atlases




















Clue 6 Iran


Clue 8 Gaza







16












Tibet-incensecom

17























18










Materials needed






Procedure




























19





















20













completion of hajj




















completion of hajj








21












































New York 2000)








22















23


i Arab












i Camel(s)








iMap of Red Sea



i A Shipwreck



i Amphora




iMadain Saleh




i Sandstorm


24






iMuslim praying




iMuslim Scientist



i Ibn al Haytham




i Abdul Aziz


i Oil field



iMakkah



i Karsquoba














25



























26















27





Youth Activity 1


Materials Needed



Procedure














Youth Activity 2


Materials Needed

n Frankincense



Procedure







7

Youth Activity 3


Materials Needed







Procedure






Youth Activity 4


Materials Needed










Post-Activity







8








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair

9

Youth Activity 5







Procedure













Using the camera
















10






Materials needed
































11














n Discovered optics






12


Name Five










Materials needed




n Measuring tape(s)
























13


















(accessed 81309)



14















15


To Save a Sea3







Materials needed



n Access to atlases




















Clue 6 Iran


Clue 8 Gaza







16












Tibet-incensecom

17























18










Materials needed






Procedure




























19





















20













completion of hajj




















completion of hajj








21












































New York 2000)








22















23


i Arab












i Camel(s)








iMap of Red Sea



i A Shipwreck



i Amphora




iMadain Saleh




i Sandstorm


24






iMuslim praying




iMuslim Scientist



i Ibn al Haytham




i Abdul Aziz


i Oil field



iMakkah



i Karsquoba














25



























26















27





Youth Activity 3


Materials Needed







Procedure






Youth Activity 4


Materials Needed










Post-Activity







8








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair

9

Youth Activity 5







Procedure













Using the camera
















10






Materials needed
































11














n Discovered optics






12


Name Five










Materials needed




n Measuring tape(s)
























13


















(accessed 81309)



14















15


To Save a Sea3







Materials needed



n Access to atlases




















Clue 6 Iran


Clue 8 Gaza







16












Tibet-incensecom

17























18










Materials needed






Procedure




























19





















20













completion of hajj




















completion of hajj








21












































New York 2000)








22















23


i Arab












i Camel(s)








iMap of Red Sea



i A Shipwreck



i Amphora




iMadain Saleh




i Sandstorm


24






iMuslim praying




iMuslim Scientist



i Ibn al Haytham




i Abdul Aziz


i Oil field



iMakkah



i Karsquoba














25



























26















27












n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair








n split upper lip

n long flat neck


n calloused chest



n thick woolly hair

9

Youth Activity 5







Procedure













Using the camera
















10






Materials needed
































11














n Discovered optics






12


Name Five










Materials needed




n Measuring tape(s)
























13


















(accessed 81309)



14















15


To Save a Sea3







Materials needed



n Access to atlases




















Clue 6 Iran


Clue 8 Gaza







16












Tibet-incensecom

17























18










Materials needed






Procedure




























19





















20













completion of hajj




















completion of hajj








21












































New York 2000)








22















23


i Arab












i Camel(s)








iMap of Red Sea



i A Shipwreck



i Amphora




iMadain Saleh




i Sandstorm


24






iMuslim praying




iMuslim Scientist



i Ibn al Haytham




i Abdul Aziz


i Oil field



iMakkah



i Karsquoba














25



























26















27





Youth Activity 5







Procedure













Using the camera
















10






Materials needed
































11














n Discovered optics






12


Name Five










Materials needed




n Measuring tape(s)
























13


















(accessed 81309)



14















15


To Save a Sea3







Materials needed



n Access to atlases




















Clue 6 Iran


Clue 8 Gaza







16












Tibet-incensecom

17























18










Materials needed






Procedure




























19





















20













completion of hajj




















completion of hajj








21












































New York 2000)








22















23


i Arab












i Camel(s)








iMap of Red Sea



i A Shipwreck



i Amphora




iMadain Saleh




i Sandstorm


24






iMuslim praying




iMuslim Scientist



i Ibn al Haytham




i Abdul Aziz


i Oil field



iMakkah



i Karsquoba














25



























26















27










Materials needed
































11














n Discovered optics






12


Name Five










Materials needed




n Measuring tape(s)
























13


















(accessed 81309)



14















15


To Save a Sea3







Materials needed



n Access to atlases




















Clue 6 Iran


Clue 8 Gaza







16












Tibet-incensecom

17























18










Materials needed






Procedure




























19





















20













completion of hajj




















completion of hajj








21












































New York 2000)








22















23


i Arab












i Camel(s)








iMap of Red Sea



i A Shipwreck



i Amphora




iMadain Saleh




i Sandstorm


24






iMuslim praying




iMuslim Scientist



i Ibn al Haytham




i Abdul Aziz


i Oil field



iMakkah



i Karsquoba














25



























26















27


















n Discovered optics






12


Name Five










Materials needed




n Measuring tape(s)
























13


















(accessed 81309)



14















15


To Save a Sea3







Materials needed



n Access to atlases




















Clue 6 Iran


Clue 8 Gaza







16












Tibet-incensecom

17























18










Materials needed






Procedure




























19





















20













completion of hajj




















completion of hajj








21












































New York 2000)








22















23


i Arab












i Camel(s)








iMap of Red Sea



i A Shipwreck



i Amphora




iMadain Saleh




i Sandstorm


24






iMuslim praying




iMuslim Scientist



i Ibn al Haytham




i Abdul Aziz


i Oil field



iMakkah



i Karsquoba














25



























26















27














Materials needed




n Measuring tape(s)
























13


















(accessed 81309)



14















15


To Save a Sea3







Materials needed



n Access to atlases




















Clue 6 Iran


Clue 8 Gaza







16












Tibet-incensecom

17























18










Materials needed






Procedure




























19





















20













completion of hajj




















completion of hajj








21












































New York 2000)








22















23


i Arab












i Camel(s)








iMap of Red Sea



i A Shipwreck



i Amphora




iMadain Saleh




i Sandstorm


24






iMuslim praying




iMuslim Scientist



i Ibn al Haytham




i Abdul Aziz


i Oil field



iMakkah



i Karsquoba














25



























26















27






















(accessed 81309)



14















15


To Save a Sea3







Materials needed



n Access to atlases




















Clue 6 Iran


Clue 8 Gaza







16












Tibet-incensecom

17























18










Materials needed






Procedure




























19





















20













completion of hajj




















completion of hajj








21












































New York 2000)








22















23


i Arab












i Camel(s)








iMap of Red Sea



i A Shipwreck



i Amphora




iMadain Saleh




i Sandstorm


24






iMuslim praying




iMuslim Scientist



i Ibn al Haytham




i Abdul Aziz


i Oil field



iMakkah



i Karsquoba














25



























26















27



















15


To Save a Sea3







Materials needed



n Access to atlases




















Clue 6 Iran


Clue 8 Gaza







16












Tibet-incensecom

17























18










Materials needed






Procedure




























19





















20













completion of hajj




















completion of hajj








21












































New York 2000)








22















23


i Arab












i Camel(s)








iMap of Red Sea



i A Shipwreck



i Amphora




iMadain Saleh




i Sandstorm


24






iMuslim praying




iMuslim Scientist



i Ibn al Haytham




i Abdul Aziz


i Oil field



iMakkah



i Karsquoba














25



























26















27











Materials needed



n Access to atlases




















Clue 6 Iran


Clue 8 Gaza







16












Tibet-incensecom

17























18










Materials needed






Procedure




























19





















20













completion of hajj




















completion of hajj








21












































New York 2000)








22















23


i Arab












i Camel(s)








iMap of Red Sea



i A Shipwreck



i Amphora




iMadain Saleh




i Sandstorm


24






iMuslim praying




iMuslim Scientist



i Ibn al Haytham




i Abdul Aziz


i Oil field



iMakkah



i Karsquoba














25



























26















27
















Tibet-incensecom

17























18










Materials needed






Procedure




























19





















20













completion of hajj




















completion of hajj








21












































New York 2000)








22















23


i Arab












i Camel(s)








iMap of Red Sea



i A Shipwreck



i Amphora




iMadain Saleh




i Sandstorm


24






iMuslim praying




iMuslim Scientist



i Ibn al Haytham




i Abdul Aziz


i Oil field



iMakkah



i Karsquoba














25



























26















27



























18










Materials needed






Procedure




























19





















20













completion of hajj




















completion of hajj








21












































New York 2000)








22















23


i Arab












i Camel(s)








iMap of Red Sea



i A Shipwreck



i Amphora




iMadain Saleh




i Sandstorm


24






iMuslim praying




iMuslim Scientist



i Ibn al Haytham




i Abdul Aziz


i Oil field



iMakkah



i Karsquoba














25



























26















27














Materials needed






Procedure




























19





















20













completion of hajj




















completion of hajj








21












































New York 2000)








22















23


i Arab












i Camel(s)








iMap of Red Sea



i A Shipwreck



i Amphora




iMadain Saleh




i Sandstorm


24






iMuslim praying




iMuslim Scientist



i Ibn al Haytham




i Abdul Aziz


i Oil field



iMakkah



i Karsquoba














25



























26















27

























20













completion of hajj




















completion of hajj








21












































New York 2000)








22















23


i Arab












i Camel(s)








iMap of Red Sea



i A Shipwreck



i Amphora




iMadain Saleh




i Sandstorm


24






iMuslim praying




iMuslim Scientist



i Ibn al Haytham




i Abdul Aziz


i Oil field



iMakkah



i Karsquoba














25



























26















27

















completion of hajj




















completion of hajj








21












































New York 2000)








22















23


i Arab












i Camel(s)








iMap of Red Sea



i A Shipwreck



i Amphora




iMadain Saleh




i Sandstorm


24






iMuslim praying




iMuslim Scientist



i Ibn al Haytham




i Abdul Aziz


i Oil field



iMakkah



i Karsquoba














25



























26















27
















































New York 2000)








22















23


i Arab












i Camel(s)








iMap of Red Sea



i A Shipwreck



i Amphora




iMadain Saleh




i Sandstorm


24






iMuslim praying




iMuslim Scientist



i Ibn al Haytham




i Abdul Aziz


i Oil field



iMakkah



i Karsquoba














25



























26















27



















23


i Arab












i Camel(s)








iMap of Red Sea



i A Shipwreck



i Amphora




iMadain Saleh




i Sandstorm


24






iMuslim praying




iMuslim Scientist



i Ibn al Haytham




i Abdul Aziz


i Oil field



iMakkah



i Karsquoba














25



























26















27






i Arab












i Camel(s)








iMap of Red Sea



i A Shipwreck



i Amphora




iMadain Saleh




i Sandstorm


24






iMuslim praying




iMuslim Scientist



i Ibn al Haytham




i Abdul Aziz


i Oil field



iMakkah



i Karsquoba














25



























26















27










iMuslim praying




iMuslim Scientist



i Ibn al Haytham




i Abdul Aziz


i Oil field



iMakkah



i Karsquoba














25



























26















27































26















27



















27





Educator’s Resource and Activity Guide - Big Movie Zone · 2010-02-19 · Educator’s Resource...

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Transcript of Educator’s Resource and Activity Guide - Big Movie Zone · 2010-02-19 · Educator’s Resource...