Educational mobility in nepal
-
Upload
basant-lamsal -
Category
Education
-
view
28 -
download
0
Transcript of Educational mobility in nepal
Basant Lamsal
M. Phil. Educational Leadership
1st Semester, 2016
EDUCATIONAL MOBILITY INNEPAL
WHAT IS EDUCATIONAL MOBILITY?
• Mobility = movement
• Educational mobility = movement of
educated people from less economically
advanced areas to more economically
advanced areas
EDUCATIONAL MOBILITY = BRAIN DRAIN
• ‘High-skilled migration from poorer to wealthier countries, commonly referred to as “brain drain”, is viewed with significant unease due to the vital role played by human capital in economic growth and development processes.’ (Özden & Phillips, 2015)
• ‘The term “Brain drain” is used when highly trained or qualified workers move from nation of origin to other nation usually for better pay or living conditions. Migration of technical personnel or brain drain is also known as “The human capital flight”.’ (Baral & Sapkota, 2015)
PRESENT SCENARIO OF EDUCATIONAL MOBILITY IN NEPAL
•Internal mobility from rural areas to the center or capital
• External mobility to other countries (big problem and focus in this
presentation)
•Roughly 1,200 Nepalese leave the country every day
•Estimated 300,000 youth leave Nepal every year
•“This place is always crowded with people wanting to
go abroad,” says Kamala Thapa, a security guard at
the ministry of education. (edusanjal)
REASONS FOR EDUCATIONAL MOBILITY
• Career ambitions
• higher living standards
• Better employment opportunities with better income
• Education
• a luring western lifestyle
• stability and security
• “Push” factors (Supply) and “Pull” factors (Demand) (Baral & Sapkota, 2015)
• Quota and reservations for certain communities
• Pressure from family, friends, colleagues…
BRAIN DRAIN OR BRAIN GAIN?
•‘highly educated workers generate positive
externalities for society and these are
lost when they emigrate’ (Özden & Schiff, 2006)
• ‘the brain drain side of globalization creates
winners and losers’ (Docquier & Rapoport,2011)
EFFECTS OF EDUCATIONAL MOBILITY
The Welfare Characteristics of Migrantso Remittance and reducing povertyo Improvement in lifestyleo Educationo Gaining new knowledge and skillso Compensate for lack of resourceso ‘An educated Diaspora reduce the information
asymmetry between origin and destination countries, which may favor trade (Gould 1994) and foreign capital inflow.’ (Cattaneo, 2008)
EFFECTS OF EDUCATIONAL MOBILITY
The Spillover Characteristics form Migrant to
Non-Migrant
o Remittance worsening poverty
o Consumption multiplier / consumerism (Cattaneo,
2008)
EFFECTS OF EDUCATIONAL MOBILITY
• devastating consequences leading to loss of health
workers in the nation (Baral & Sapkota, 2015)
• Irreplaceable loss of skilled manpower
• Familial ties severed
• Cultural distancing
• Great loss for the country’s investment
WHAT CAN BE DONE TO BENEFIT FROM EDUCATIONAL MOBILITY?
•Creating better and up to date education system
•Providing enough opportunities to the human capital
produced within the nation
•Forming dynamic human resource policies to ensure the
return of the expatriates
CONCLUSION
• Educational mobility, esp. to other nations, and the
resultant brain drain is counterproductive to the
nation.
• But if proper human resource policies are formed,
brain drain can be turned in to brain gain.
REFERENCES
Baral1, R. Sapkota, S. (2015). Factors influencing migration among Nepalese nurses. Journal of chitwan medical college, 5
(12), 25-29. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v5i2.13151
Brain Drain Increases in Nepal Amidst Few Opportunities for Students and Professionals : Retrieved from http://
edusanjal.com/blog/brain-drain-increases-in-nepal-amidst-few-opportunities-for-students-and- professionals
#sthash.2o1kKJtj.dpuf
Cattaneo, C. International Migration, the Brain Drain and Poverty: A Cross Country Analysis
http://www.cespri.unibocconi.it
Docquier, F. & Rapoport, H. (2011). Globalization, Brain Drain and Development Discussion Paper No. 5590
Özden, Ç. & Phillips, D. (2015). What really is Brain Drain? Location of Birth, Education, and Migration Dynamics
of African Doctors. Retrieved from http://www.knomad.org/docs/working_papers/Knomad%20Working%
20Paper%204%20Brain%20Drain%20African%20Doctors.pdf
Özden, Ç. & Schiff, M. (Eds.). (2006). International migration, remittances, and the brain drain. Washington DC:
World Bank and Palgrave Macmillan
THANKS FOR BEARING WITH ME!!!
Any Questions???