Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. Anna Lobovikov-Katz -Technion – Israel...

Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

Dr. Anna Lobovikov-Katz -Technion – Israel Institute of TechnologyDr. Anna Lobovikov-Katz -Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

Educational Educational ToolkitToolkit

Values and AwarenessModulModulee

11Basic Basic CourseCourse

TopicTopic 1.21.2 Why should we preserve cultural heritage ?

Teaching Material Teaching Material



Slide 2

Copyright ©ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2012This material is an integral part of the “ELAICH – educational toolkit” and developed as part of the project ELAICH – Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage within the framework of EuroMed Cultural Heritage 4 Programme under grant agreement ENPI 150583. All rights reserved to the ELAICH Beneficiaries. This material, in its entirety only, may be used in "fair use" only as part of the ELAICH – educational toolkit for the educational purposes by non-profit educational establishments or in self-education, by any means at all times and on any downloads, copies and or, adaptations, clearly indicating “©ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2011” and making reference to these terms. Use of the material amounting to a distortion or mutilation of the material or is otherwise prejudicial to the honor or reputation of ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2011 is forbidden. Use of parts of the material is strictly forbidden. No part of this material may be: (1) used other than intended (2) copied, reproduced or distributed in any physical or electronic form (3) reproduced in any publication of any kind (4) used as part of any other teaching material in any framework; unless prior written permission of the ELAICH Beneficiaries has been obtained.

DisclaimerThis document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the ELAICH Consortium and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union.

Photographs: Courtesy of Anna Lobovikov-Katz


Abstract


Slide 3

This presentation of the topic 1.2. Why should we preserve cultural heritage? extends the basic introduction to the theme of the value of cultural heritage which was provided in the topic 1.1. What is cultural heritage? The topic 1.2. presents and explains the complex interaction between the “values” of built (or architectural) heritage and its “deterioration” and therefore provides a basis for understanding the reasons for preservation of cultural (built) heritage.


Content


Slide 4

Content of Topic 1.2

1.2. Why should we preserve cultural heritage?

1.2.1. General introduction 1.2.2. Values of built heritage 1.2.3. Values versus deterioration


Why should we preserve cultural heritage? -

Slide 5

The answer to the question: why should we preserve cultural heritage, consists of two main parts:Because we need it (i.e.– it is valuable, it is of value for us)Because if we don’t preserve it – we loose it (it is subject to material deterioration)

Actually, conservation or preservation of cultural heritage is a never ending struggle against its material deterioration, through the ongoing effort of preserving its values. Slide 5Slide 5Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 1.2: Why should we preserve cultural heritage? Slide 5

1.2.1. General introduction


1.2.1. General introduction

Cultural heritage

Values

+Deterioration

_

Slide 6

This scheme illustrates the balance of “positive” (values which are the reason for preservation) and “negative” (material deterioration which tends to erase the evidences of values) in cultural heritage, regarding its preservation.

Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 1.2: Why should we preserve cultural heritage?


Slide 7

The decisions and efforts to preserve cultural heritage in general, and built heritage in particular, up to every single historic building or site, are made because it is of value to us, e.g. we feel comfortable in a familiar architectural surrounding, or we wonder and enjoy the beauty of specific historic buildings, they are an important part of the image of our town, or because we use these buildings, etc.

Besides economical value, a brief list of conservation-related values might be presented as follows: •aesthetic, architectural, artistic•(contribution to) urban/ rural/ natural (cultural) landscape•archaeological•technological•emotional, sentimental, symbolic•religious; political; historic; etc.

Slide 7Slide 7Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 1.2: Why should we preserve cultural heritage?

1.2.2. Values- changing over the time


Slide 8

•aesthetic, architectural, artistic•urban/ rural/ natural (cultural) landscape•archaeological•technological•emotional, sentimental, symbolic•religious; political; historic; etc.




Slide 9

Relevant importance of values of each single historic building or site often changes over the years: e.g. a building built for political reasons – to demonstrate visibly and clearly the strength of a certain political power, would be most probably built by the best architects, sculptors, craftsmen of the time, thus becoming an outstanding work of architecture and arts (aesthetic, architectural, artistic values). Yet its historical value might overpower all other values in a later period.




Slide 10

The change of power e.g. by military conquest, might bring to null its original political value in the eyes of a conqueror – new owner of the property. However, a new owner might rebuild it and add grandeur, in order to show the superior strength of a new power and thus reinforce its political value. In this case, the original architectural and artistic values would be destroyed or changed, but the political value might get even more important, as well as the historical value.

Such a building will however possess all the values mentioned above, in our eyes, in accordance with the contemporary principles of conservation/ restoration of historic buildings and sites.


1.2.2. Values- a contemporary

approach


1.2.2. Values

Slide 11

Specific present major values of this historic site (e.g. it could include political value as well in past centuries)


•aesthetic, architectural, artistic•(contribution to) urban/ rural/ natural (cultural) landscape•archaeological•technological•emotional, sentimental, symbolic•religious, political, historic, etc.

Villa Pisani, Stra, Veneto, Italy


1.2.2. Values

Slide 12Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 1.2: Why should we preserve cultural heritage?

One of the dominant values of this building is technological.

Vienna



1.2.2. Values

Slide 13

However, the “industrially looking “ inner (interior) space of the building has a specific architectural even “poetic” atmosphere due to overall design and proportions of its elements, i.e. – aesthetics of its technology.


•aesthetic, architectural, artistic•(contribution to) urban/ rural/ natural (cultural) landscape;•archaeological•technological•emotional, sentimental, symbolic•religious, political, historic, etc.


*Specific values of this archaeological siteAvdat, Israel

1.2.2. Values




1.2.2. Values

Slide 15

The specific architectural values of the Cathedral of Trani, Italy, e.g. quality of architectural design, contrast of light color of stone (limestone) with the blue Mediterranean skies and the sea, inspired this aquarelle painting.




Text Text Text Text Text Text

1.2.2. Values

Artistic value

Slide 16Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 1.2: Why should we preserve cultural heritage?Halki, Greece Acropolis, Athens, Greece

The specific architectural values of these two different historic sites gave aesthetical “input” to these drawings


Text Text Text Text Text Text

1.2.2. Values“Relative” value - Global and local heritage:

“Modest” historic sites like this Greek village are worth preservation as well – not only world famous outstanding

sites, such as Acropolis

Halki, Greece Acropolis, Athens, Greece


Architecture of the past influenced architecture of the latest periods. Architects and people who are interested in cultural heritage can learn a lot from the architecture of the past. They can sometimes “reconstruct” the image of ruined historic buildings, with the help of the analysis of their counterparts which remain preserved to our times. At the same time, they can also understand better the modern architectural environment in which we live.



1.2.2. Values

Slide 18

past

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Architecture of the past

past

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futu

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1.2.2. Values

Erechtheion, AthensDrawing: A. Lobovikov-Katz

Historic neo-classical building of the National Technical University of Athens, built in 1837 followed the architecture of ancient building of the Acropolis, specifically - Erechtheion

Slide 19

“Vertical” historical influence of the architecture of the past on the architecture of the latest periods.

past

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past

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itectu

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futu

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Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. – Topic 1.2: Why should we preserve cultural heritage? Slide 20

1.2.2. Values

Historic neo-classical building of the National Technical University of Athens, built in 1837 after the architecture of ancient building of the Acropolis, specifically after Erechtheion: compare proportions of the opening.

“Vertical” historical influence of the architecture of the past on the architecture of the latest periods.

Erechtheion, AthensDrawing: A. Lobovikov-Katz

past

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past

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itectu

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futu

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1.2.2. ValuesAnd yet “Vertical” historical influence might be not only artistic/ architectural/ aesthetical, - but also technological. In this example in Malta, a historic building technique is adjusted to modern building technology and applied in modern construction.

past

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Old MaltaNew Malta



Mahpelah Cave, Hebron and Temple Mount, Jerusalem, Israel

1.2.2. Values

Slide 22

“Horizontal” architectural influence: similarity of these two structures of the Herodian period – overall proportions, size and type of stone and stone dressing. These two historic sites of outstanding significance can exemplify the full list of values.

past

Tim

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ture




1.2.2. Values

Slide 23

Architectural and structural elements similar to those which no longer exist in the upper part of the supporting (Western) wall of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem (on the right), may be still evident in the Hebron historic compound of Machpelah Cave.

past

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Large stones of the Herodean period in the lower part of the wall (background photograph) can be easily distinguished from the smaller stones of the latter periods, after the destruction of the Temple.



1.2.3. Values and deterioration


Water – an integral part of the image of Venice, and one of main contributors to its architectural beauty – is also one of the main causes of

deterioration of its buildings.Slide 24

However, values of historic buildings, to which these buildings owe their beauty, at the same time are often linked to the causes of their deterioration.



Text

Slide 25

Villa d’Este, Tivoli, Italy, a UNESCO World Heritage site, world famous due to its special place in the history of gardens and fountains: deterioration caused and accelerated by the water of the fountains.




Sun and shade and the beauty and refreshment of a fountain – the famous features of a Mediterranean courtyard. However, sun and water are also responsible for deterioration, e.g. lion sculptures which are the focal element of the central fountain of the world famous “Court of Lions” of Alhambra, Granada, Spain, have lost their “lion” features as a result of the constant presence of water.

Slide 26




Different degrees of aesthetic damage to the architectural image due to the material deterioration – white and dark stains and crusts visible on the facades. (Limestone)

Slide 27


Venice

Jerusalem




So, why should we preserve cultural heritage? Because we need it, and it needs us.

Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. Anna Lobovikov-Katz -Technion – Israel...

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