Educational Bulletin #12-2
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Transcript of Educational Bulletin #12-2
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7/31/2019 Educational Bulletin #12-2
1/4
Jfzimvchbme Dzeejvcb )=4/4M {zdecimvchb ha v`j Fjyjtv [thvjivcqj Ihzbice {thvjivfjyjtvy"htg
Gtmbf Imbshby mti`cvjivztme omljyvs wcbfywcv`cb omcbes {tcojqme ycejbij ({zbivzmvjf
wcv` yhav bmvztme yhzbfy% jqjb yhojvcojy
wcv` fcyvmbv% ht bjmt v`zbfjt#" V`j jbyjo/
dej% havjb bhv coojfcmvjes m{{tjicmvjf% cy
hbes yehwes izevcqmvjf vh dj azees zbfjtyvhhf"= Cvy jvjtbme
ycejbij wmy bhvjf ds jmtes Imbshb qcycvhty" Fjyjtv ehqjty
`cyvhtcimees `mqj qmezjf yvceebjyy"
V`j ycejbij vh dj ihbyjtqjf wmy bhvjf ds Jbgecy` qcycvht
L"D" [tcjyvejs"4 Fztcbg v`j fj{tjyychb mbf wmt sjmty ha =39;/
=36:% Imbshb qcycvmvchb fjiecbjf> wcv` ajw mctitmav vh sjv
tjmi`% jbvjt cv ht hqjts cv"
V`cy cbitjfcdej {mgjmbvts ha yzbecg`v mbf i`myo% C v`hzg`v%
cy hzt bjmtjyv m{{thmi` vh ahztv`/fcojbychbme yijbjts"
V`j v`tjj fcojbychby mtj hb yzi` m yimej v`mv yhoj ha v`j
ahztv` `my djjb mffjf" Shz fh bhv yjj% `zbg djahtj shz% v`j
yjqjb oceechb sjmty v`mv wjbv vh v`j omncbg ha v`jyj wmeey
mbf v`jct vwcyvjf yvtmvm% dzv shz ajje v`mv yhoj jejojbvy ha
Vcoj `mqj djjb ihblztjf cbvh v`jyj coojbycvcjy ha Y{mij"
[jt`m{y cv cy bhv yc|j bht v`j `zgj wcvi`jts ha i`mbgcbg y`m{jy
mbf y`mfjy v`mv ee zy wcv` mwj% dzv v`j hdyiztj ajjecbg v`mv
`jtj wj `mqj mb cbyvmbvmbjhzy qcychb ha cbbzojtmdej jhby"V`jtj ozyv dj v`j {thahzbfjyv ha ycejbijy v`jtj djimzyj mee v`j
bhcyjy omfj v`thzg`hzv v`jyj sjmty `mqj bh jpcyvjbij cb v`cy
cbyvmbvmbjhzy qcychb ha v`j mgjy% cb w`ci` v`j ehbgjyv vcoj v`mv
mbs cbfcqcfzme yhzbf whzef vmnj whzef dj tj{tjyjbvjf ds v`j
vcbcjyv atmivchb ha mb cbi` hb v`jyj ocej/`cg` wmeey"
L"D" [tcjyvejs% =397
Whtef Wmt CCy jbfcbg% `hwjqjt% zbejmy`jf bhcys
`zomb vji`bhehgcjy% yhhb ohincbg v`mv wcyfho" Cb =3:1
hbj bj yzoojt ohtbcbg% wcv` v`zbfjt`jmfy dzcefcbg%
vwh ihoojticme mctecbjty co{thdmdes iheecfjf hqjt v`jImbshb% {ezbgcbg cbvh yvjj{ dzvvjy" (Dhv` mctitmav `mf
djjb haa ihztyj aht m ycg`vyjjcbg fcqjtychb"# V`cy itmy`% cb
amiv% vtcggjtjf v`j itjmvchb ha v`j Ajfjtme Mqcmvchb Mfocb/
cyvtmvchb" M bhcyj/wmtbcbg djee mdhzv bh ohtj mehbj/
bjyy% yhhb mavjt yhzbfjf% cb tj{zvmdej bmvztj wtcvjt Lhyj{`
Whhf Ntzvi`y amohzy =3:0 Imbshb dhhn"9 Mqcmvchby bhcyj
dzcef/z{ wmy azjejf ds i`jm{ mdzbfmbv hce% im{cvmecyoy ehqj
ha y{jjf% cbqjbvcqjbjyy% {hwjt mbf bhqjevs" Mbhv`jt avjjb
sjmty% mbf Gtmbf Imbshb wmy% {jtqjtyjes% m ihoojticme
ehw/mevcvzfj mqcmvchb vmtgjv aht bhcys mct vhztcbg"
Mtj Wj Ehycbg Hzt @jtcvmgj Ha Ycejbij8ds Fcin @cbgyhb
@jecih{vjt hqjt Gtmbf Imbshb Tco" Atho v`j {`hvh mti`cqjy ha Fcin @cbgyhb
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7/31/2019 Educational Bulletin #12-2
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V`zy mthyj `jtj% wcv`cb hbj `zomb ecajvcoj (=3:; vh r
4;4:#% fcyvtjyycbg yhzbfyim{j co{mctojbv vh% bhw% Gtmbf
Imbshb Bhcys [mtn"6 Mctitmav bhcyj% zbcomgcbjf ds [tcjyv/
es% ajmtjf ds Ntzvi`% `my hqjtw`jeojf v`j qmyv Imbshb" Cv
omty v`j ysodhecyo% v`j mztm% v`j yjbyj ha yzdecocvs mbf
bmvztmebjyy mbf osyvjtchzy% ftjmoecnj tj{hyj"
=3:; =376< Dzcef Cv% mbf V`js Wcee Ihoj
Gtmbf Imbshb yh }zcines djihoj Bhcys [mtn v`thzg`omcbes mqcmvchb gthwv`% mbf bjw mct{htvy:% wcv` bh ysyvjo/
mvci bhcyj tjqcjw tyv" Jpmo{ej< Gtmbf Imbshb Bmvchbme
[mtn Mct{htv (GIB#% ihbyvtzivjf zbfjt ajfjtme mzv`htcvs
ds =31:% wcv`cb vwh ocejy ha v`j yhzv`jtb dhzbfmts ha v`j
[mtn mbf emincbg mfj}zmvj dzaajt |hbj"
Ihoojticme ht gjbjtme mqcmvchb wmy v`j htcgcbme ghme
aht GIB % bhv Imbshb mct vhztcbg my yzi`" Yijbci Mctecbjy
cbfjjf {thohvjf mct vhzty% mv Tjf Dzvvj amtv`jt yhzv`% my
jmtes my =347" Dzv v`cy wmy fwmtajf ds bhcys `jecih{vjt vhzt/
cbg dthzg`v ds {mtn ihbvtmivht Jeecbg @meqhtyhb cb v`j emvj
=31;y" @j ymw `cy h{{htvzbcvs% mavjt iho{ejvcbg jpvjbycqj%vtmby/Imbshb mbf cbbjt imbshb `jecih{vjt tj{mcty ha v`j
itcvcime vtmby/imbshb wmvjt ecbj" @j ymw {thv h{{htvzbcvs
`jecih{vjt vhztcyo vhh ghhf vh {myy z{" V`j tjme ghef tzy`
djgmb% zbejmy`cbg yvjmfces cbitjmycbg bhcyj cb v`j {mtn"
B[Y modcqmejbij miihoohfmvjf @meqhtyhby bjw ahizy%
ds bhv dehincbg gthwcbg `jecih{vjt ejgchby zbfjt cvy bhb/
co{mctojbv ombfmvj aht {mtn tjyhztijy (yzi` my bmvztme
}zcjv#" V`j B[Y cbcvcmees cgbhtjf ahzbfmvchbme% m{{ecimdej
emwy% cbiezfcbg v`j v`jb bjw =311 Bmvchbme Vtmby{htvmvchb
Miv% Yji" 6(a#> v`hzg` Ihztvy ds v`j =30;y ymcf cv ihqjtjf
fjthgmvhts% vtmby{htvmvchb ihbyvtzivcqj zyj1 ha {mtnembfy"Bhcyj {heezvchb cy hbj yzi` zyj% ca cbvtzfcbg hzvycfj {mtn
dhzbfmtcjy% yzi` my atho mct{htvy bjmtds"
V`j wjmn hqjtycg`v% cb tjvthy{jiv% wmy tmv`jt ecnj m
fjbvcyv hqjtehhncbg ht {hhtes (dzv jp{jbycqjes-# vtjmv/
cbg yomee dzv amyv/gthwcbg fjims cb m `cg`es qmezjf vhhv`"
Wmtbcbg ejvvjty (emvj 1;y# vh v`j Yz{jtcbvjbfjbv% atho v`j
{zdeci% fjombfjf m yvh{ vh v`j tm{cfes tcycbg bhcyj" Mv ohyv%
v`jtj wmy B[Y `mbf/wtcbgcbg% wcv` m dmvi` ha mgjbis/am/
icecvmvjf bhcyj yvzfcjy" Ojmbw`cej% v`j jpjizvcqj ejmfjty`c{
(tyv ha Tci`mtf Bcphb% tj{emijf yzffjbes ds Gjtmef Ahtf#
wmy octjf cb hv`jt fjims"V`j =379/=376 Ihbgtjyy jbmivjf v`j Gtmbf Imbshb Jb/
emtgjojbv Miv% yvmvcbg ihbijtby aht bmvztme }zcjv" Ihbgtjyy
vhef v`j AMM mbf B[Y vh mfftjyy mfqjtyj mctitmav bhcyj
co{miv" Sjv% bh Ihbgtjyy{jtyhb% bh Cbvjtcht Yjitjvmts ht
mgjbis% {th{hyjf% m vjo{htmts dmb% bht fjmfecbjy aht bjc/
v`jt ocvcgmvchb% bht bhcyj yvmbfmtfy m{{th{tcmvj"
=37: =306< Mfqjtyj Co{mivy vh Bmvztme ]zcjvV`j Gtmbf Imbshb Jbemtgjojbv Miv7 cb ihbvjpv% co{ecjf
m {tzfjbv dtcg`v ecbj% dmyj ecbj tj mfqjtyj jaajivy"
V`j =376 {myymgj ha Gtmbf Imbshb Jbemtgjojbv Miv cb
v`j 39tf Ihbgtjyy
V`j =376 B[Y Tjihoojbfmvchb ha Wcefjtbjyy yvmvzy
aht v`j dzen ha v`j [mtn
V`j =370/73 B[Y Whtef @jtcvmgj Ycvj Tjihoojbfm/
vchb vh ZBJYIH"
Ihbycfjtjf iheejivcqjes% v`jyj dmyjecbjy co{es im{y mv
=;%;;; vh =:%;;; cg`vy% {jt sjmt% (ejqjey jpcyvcbg mv v`j vcoj#
Bhv`cbg ha v`j yhtv `m{{jbjf" Ds =370/=30; B[Y fmvmy`hwjf mctitmav mzfcdcecvs tcycbg vh 67* ha v`j vcoj mv yvzfs
mtjmy% mb co{miv ihbycfjtjf cbahtomees my omlht mfqjtyj"
V`j Tjmgmb myijbychb vh {hwjt dthzg`v Lmojy Wmvv my
Cbvjtcht Yjitjvmts% tj{emijf yhhb ds Fhbmef @hfje% dhv`
dmf bjwy aht Gtmbf Imbshb% cvy wcefjtbjyy% cvy }zcjv" V`j
Tjmgmb Mfocbcyvtmvchb fj/azbfjf v`j J[My Bhcyj Mdmvj
ojbv haij% ahtjy`mfhwcbg bjgejiv mv djyv% mct vhzt mfqh/
imis mv whtyv" Yz{jtcbvjbfjbvy mbbzme tj{htvy ojmbw`cej
fhizojbvjf tcycbg {zdeci fcymaajivchb wcv` v`j mct vhzt
dhho fztcbg v`j jmtes 0;y"
=30: =336< V`j Hqjtacg`vy Miv (Fjems% v`jb Vht{jfh#V`j Bmvchbme [mtny Hqjtcg`vy Miv% ["E" =;;/3=% mbf
B[Y ycgbcimbv omlht mfqjtyj bhcyj co{mivy bfcbg%
fjqjeh{jf ihcbicfjbv wcv` sjv mbhv`jt amvme mct iheecychb
v`cy ha vwh vhzt mctitmav% haa [hcbv Yzdecoj" [zy` wjbv vh
Y`hqj" V`j Ycjttm Iezd mbf Wcefjtbjyy Yhicjvs jbvjtjf m
=301 emwyzcv mgmcbyv v`j mct vhzty cb Mtc|hbm Fcyvtciv Ihztv
Dzv v`cy wmy v`j `mtf/bhyjf Tjmgmb Mfocbcyvtmvchb% ecy/
vjbcbg omcbes vh v`j ihoojticme yjivht mbf cvy wmbvy% `mtf
ha `jmtcbg aht hv`jty" V`j {hecvcime imdme cb Cbvjtcht (ahp
cb v`j `jb `hzyj# `mf hqjtycg`v ha v`j {tjfcivmdes vcocfB[Y% yhhb vcevcbg v`j dmembij vhwmtfy v`j mct vhzt h{jtmvhty
mbf v`jct bhcys ocbjy cb v`j mcty{mij mdhqj% v`thzg`% mbf
cbycfj v`j Gtmbf Imbshb"
V`j Hqjtcg`vy Miv fctjivjf mb coojfcmvj {emb aht yzd/
yvmbvcme tjyvhtmvchb ha v`j bmvztme }zcjv ha v`j Imbshb% vh
dj (wjmnes% vmtfces# fjbjf ds v`j Bmvchbme [mtn Yjtqcij
(ejv mehbj co{ejojbvjf% cb v`j [mtn#"
V`j ejgcyemvcqj `cyvhts3 aztv`jt fctjivjf v`mv B[Y (dj/
ycfjy yzdyvmbvcme tjyvhtmvchb# fh yhoj jbgcbjjtcbg< jbyztj
emtgj jbhzg` cg`v/atjj |hbjy yh ijbvjtjf v`mv yhzbf
wmy bhv fjvjivmdej atho ohyv {hcbvy wcv`cb v`j |hbjy% c"j"vh {thvjiv bhcyj/yjbycvcqj ehimvchb {hcbvy mbf dminihzbvts
zyj {mvvjtby" V`jtjds% ycgbcimbv mfqjtyj jaajivy ihzef djyv
dj ocvcgmvjf mbf jecocbmvjf" Zbfjt BJ[M% om{y mbf }zmb/
vcvmvcqj mbmesycy whzef yjtqj my jqcfjbij"
V`j Tjmgmb Vht{jfh< =301/=307V`j Tjmgmb FHC (Cbvjtcht Yjitjvmts @hfje% mbf hv`jt
njs {hecvcime h{jtmvcqjy yzi` my Wceecmo @htb=;% mbf Gmej
Bhtvhb==# iheezfjf wcv` ihbijtbjf mct vhzt h{jtmvhty mbf
v`j AMM yvmtvcbg cb =301" V`j emwy vjto bmvztme }zcjv
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wmy jpicyjf atho v`j B[Y ftmav hdljivcqj% fcyyc{mvjf cbvh
mb jezycqj dmembij(djvwjjb cbfzyvts mbf {mtn zyjty% c"j"%
m ohtj {hecvcime ihbij{v#% vh bhv imzyj ycgbcimbv jihbhoci
fcyehimvchb ha v`j dhhocbg mct vhzt cbfzyvts" (V`j emw
`mf ihbvjo{emvjf bh yzi` cbfzyvts myycyvmbij"# [tjycfjbv
Tjmgmby ycgbcbg yvmvjojbv=4 ha ["E" =;;/3= jp{tjyyjf bh
yz{{htv aht bmvztme }zcjv% mfqcycbg B[Y cbyvjmf vh ecyvjb
vh v`j AMM h{jtmvcqjy% vh y{jjf vh v`j yhezvchb" M =301/
=307 Tjmgmb Vht{jfh atho cvy FHC zbfjtocbjf v`j [mtnYjtqcij% aztv`jt"=9
V`zy v`j `h{jaze mfocbcyvtmvcqj omti` vh co{ejojbv v`j
Hqjtcg`vy Miv yehwjf mbf embgzcy`jf" Yjqjb ohtj sjmty
(=307/=336# ymw mb AMM Y{jicme Aecg`v Tzejy Mtjm (YAMT#%
jbfejyy {embbcbg aht {embbcbg% y{jici co{thqjojbvy
ht {tjimzvchby% mbf {chbjjtcbg mbf jp{jbycqj mihzyvciy
yvzfcjy" Mct vhztcbg cbvjbycjf jp{hbjbvcmees% wcv` vhzt
bzodjty mbf bhcyj yhhb wjee hqjt =;;%;;; mct vhzty
mbbzmees ds v`j ocf 3;y" (Jqjbvzmees v`j mbbzme bzodjt
wmy im{{jf ^gtmbf/amv`jtjf% jyyjbvcmees_ mv 39%37="
B[Y Tj{htv vh Ihbgtjyy hb Mctitmv Hqjtacg`vy hBmvchbme [mtn Ysyvjo< =336
V`j B[YAMM cbcvcmvjf Acbfcbg v`j Dmembij% m 9/fms%
emtgjes zb{thfzivcqj yvmnj`hefjty ojjvcbg cb Aemgyvmaa% Mtc/
|hbm% Omti` =336" Mbs dmembij jezfjf mee% ictizoqjbvcbg
mb jeh}zjbv h{jbcbg yvmvjojbv atho Gtmbf Imbshb Yz{jt/
cbvjbfjbv Dhsf Jqcyhb% w`hyj qcjwy wjtj }zcvj h{{hycvj vh
v`j mct vhzt h{jtmvhty ftjmoy ha jqjtemyvcbg gthwv`"
Mavjt Jqcyhby tjvctjojbv my Yz{jtcbvjbfjbv% qcjwy aht m
gjbzcbj% azee tjyvhtmvchb ha bmvztme }zcjv wjtj zbfhbj% ds
Yji" 3"4"==6 mbf ihttjy{hbfcbg Ihbiezychb 3"4% cb v`j =336B[Y Tj{htv vh Ihbgtjyy hb Jaajivy ha Mctitmav hb Zbcvy ha v`j
Bmvchbme [mtn ysyvjo" V`j wjmn B[Y {hyvztjfjbcbg
yzdyvmbvcme tjyvhtmvchb mbf (co{ecicves# yhzbfyim{j co{mct/
ojbv% mv {hvjbvcmees j}zme wjcg`v (dmembij8# wmy fcym{/
{hcbvcbg" Cv ahtjy`mfhwjf yjoc/{jtombjbv {mtvcvchb ha
v`j [mtn% hb m :;=1 v`j hv`jt `mea wcv` omlht
mfqjtyj co{mivy%=7 {hyycdes ojmbcbg co{mctojbv" Qmezjf
yzd/tjgchby ha v`j [mtn ihzef amtj whtyj"=0
V`j vwh {tjycfjbvy mavjt Tjmgmb fcf bhv zbfh v`j cbfzy/
vtsy jihbhoci qcmdcecvs gzmtmbvjj (Tjmgmb vht{jfh#"Yh% v`j B[Y `mf m qjts vtcins thmf" Cv `mf vh jbyztj ymcf
qcmdcecvs% mbf itjmvjf bh fjbcvchbme gzcfmbij vh gzmt/
mbvjj iho{ejvj bhcyj mdmvjojbv aht mbs gcqjb atmivchb ha
v`j [mtn" B[Y yjvvejf hb m wjmn fjbcvchb ha yzdyvmbvcme
tjyvhtmvchb (Sjv% cbvjtbme fhizojbvy atho `cg` ejqjey
wcv`cb v`j Mfocbcyvtmvchb% mo{es ihbto 0;* mitjmgj my
m yhojw`mv emvjbv ghme"#=3 V`j ocbcomecyv gztj :;* ghv
v`j {zdecicvs% v`j 0;* ghme% w`cej bhv tj{jmejf% wmy omynjf"
Mee v`cy% cb `cbfycg`v% m{{jmty m vcocf% t`jvhtcime
ocy/tj% aht bhcyj my ozi` my }zcjv" Hqjt v`j bjpv avjjb
sjmty% cbfzyvts {tjyyjf `mtf% bmees ghv v`j ===v` Ihbgtjyy
cb m ybjmn ejgcyemvcqj ihbajtjbij mojbfojbv4; vh yms cv
miij{vjf ojtjes :;";*% my yzdyvmbvcme tjyvhtmvchb
mitjmgj% zbfjt vjtoy ha v`j Gtmbf Imbshb yjivchb ha ["E
=;;/3=" Cv cgbhtjf hv`jt emwy"
Ihbgtjyy% yvmsjf ycejbv my vh w`jtj (gjhgtm{`cimees#
v`j ohyv ihbijbvtmvjf mfqjtyj bhcyj% ht mv `hw ozi`
`cg`jt cbvjbycvs% whzef dj meehwjf ht bhv% ocbfejyy ha v`j
h{{hycvj {hej ha co{mctojbv" Cv `my bhv jp{ecicves mzv`h/tc|jf mb co{mctcbg mivcqcvs% zbfjt v`j Htgmbci Miv" V`j
B[Y yvcee tjvmcby ihbycfjtmdej mzv`htcvs "4=
=331 4;==< m{{thmi`cbg Tjgzemvhts AmceztjV`j avjjb/sjmt {`myjf m{{thmi` ha }zcjv vji`bhehgs (cb
v`tjj {`myjy% ha qj sjmty jmi`# yvmtvjf yhhb mavjt Jmtv` Fms
=331% ^[tjycfjbv Iecbvhby Jmtv` Fms fctjivcqj"_44 Fzj fmvj
aht v`j ocbcome :;* yzdyvmbvcme tjyvhtmvchb (ht ohtj#
cb v`j [mtn wmy vh dj Jmtv` Fms% 4;=4" Cv whzef aheehw hb
mb cbvjtco Iho{tj`jbycqj Bhcyj Ombmgjojbv [emb% fzj ds
4;;4% bjqjt jqjb yvmtvjf% ejv mehbj iho{ejvjf"V`j mgjbicjy S4;;; dmen hb v`j Iecbvhb/cbvjbfjf
ocf{hcbv {emb% ycgbmejf jqjbvzme tjgzemvhts amceztj% bhv/
wcv`yvmbfcbg ecocvjf gmcby yzi` my v`j cbyvcvzvchb ha gjb/
jthzy bzodjty im{y (hb vhzt meehimvchby#% vhzt iztajwy
tjyvtcivchby jmtes mbf emvj cb v`j fms hb v`j Jmyv Jbf ha v`j
Imbshb" V`j Jmyv Jbf v`zy `my dminihzbvts vtmcey ywmo{jf
wcv` bhcyj fmces% cb {jmn yjmyhb" Yhoj mtj cbbjt/imbshb
vtmcey> hv`jty co{mivjf vtmqjtyj v`j zbc}zj mbf y{jicme
`cg` mevcvzfj Bhtv` Tco Whtef cvy yvzbbcbg% `cyvhtci
ehimvchb {hcbv% [hcbv Yzdecoj% h{jb hbes cb `cg` yjmyhb
yvmsy bhcys mee fms jqjts fms"Vwh yzdyj}zjbv ihztv dmvvejy% nbhwb my Gtmbf Imb/
shb C mbf Gtmbf Imbshb CC (F"I" Ictizcv Ihztv h
M{{jmey#49 ojmbw`cej z{`jef B[Y mfocbcyvtmvcqj fcyitjvchb
tj< cvy wjmn% cbcvcme yzdyvmbvcme tjyvhtmvchb fjbcvchb" V`j
gmcby aht jbqcthbojbvmecyvy< (=# AMM ihoocvvjf cb ihztv
vh bcy`cbg v`j ecocvjf tjyvhtmvchb ds 4;;0 (dzv w`ci` cv
yvcee `my bhv#> (4# ihbtomvchb ha mbs gcqjb fms% {jmn fms
tmv`jt v`mb mqjtmgj fms my iho{ecmbij yvmbfmtf> mbf
(9# mee mctitmav bhcyj% cbiezfcbg atho gjbjtme mqcmvchb mbf
`cg`/scbg ljvy% vh dj izozemvcqjes ihzbvjf% aht BJ[M mbf
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7/31/2019 Educational Bulletin #12-2
4/4
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