Education policy 18 03-2011

2011

Kerala – An Education

Destination New Education Policy

M A R A T H A N A S I U S C O L L E G E F O R A D V A N C E D S T U D I E S ( M A C F A S T ) T H I R U V A L L A

CONCEPT Rev. Dr. Abraham Mulamoottil

COMPILED BY PAUL V MATHEW

New Education Policy – Kerala 2011

M A R A T H A N A S I O S C O L L E G E F O R A D V A N C E D S T U D I E S , T I R U V A L L A

( M A C F A S T )

Contents

1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………..5

2. SWOT Analysis…………………………………………………………………………………………………….7

3. A new education Policy – Rationale ……………………………………………………………………9

4. Compendium of New Education Policy ……………………………………………………………….10

5. An approach for qualitative education…………………………………………………………………12

6. Towards knowledge economy………………………………………………………………………………14

7. Kerala an education destination……………………………………………………………………………18

8. Education hubs……………………………………………………………………………………………………..23

9. Participatory approach for development………………………………………………………………29

10. Reforms………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..35

11. Voucher system…………………………………………………………………………………………………….39

12. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………41

13. References ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………42

14. Appendix

Recap – Kerala education ……………………………………………………………………………………43



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ACRONYMS

AIIM……………………………………All India Institute of Medical Science

APU…………………………………….Azim Premji University

CUSAT…………………………………Cochin University of Science and Technology

Dr………………………………………..Doctor

E & Y……………………………………Earnest and Young

FICCI……………………………………Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry

FDI………………………………………Foreign Direct Investment

HSS……………………………………..Higher Secondary School

HRD…………………………………….Human Resource Development

IUC……………………………………..Inter University Centre

IIE……………………………………….Indian Institute of Engineering

IIM……………………………………..Indian Institute of Management

ISRO……………………………………Indian Space Research Organization

ISSER………………………………….Institute of Statistical Social and Economic Research

IIT……………………………………….Indian Institute of Technology

IT………………………………………..Information Technology

KCHER………………………………..Kerala Council for Higher Education and Research

LP……………………………………….Lower Primary

MACFAST…………………………..Mar Athanasios College for Advanced Studies

MG…………………………………….Mahatma Gandhi

NCHER……………………………….National Council for Higher Education and Research

NLSUF…………..

NRI…………………………………....Non Resident Indian

NRK……………………………………Non Resident Keralites



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PhD…………………………………..Doctor of Philosophy

PPP…………………………………..Public Private Partnership

R&D………………………………….Research and Development

RGCB………………………………..Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Bio Technology

RRL…………………………………..Regional Research Laboratory

RTE……………………….………….Right to Education

SSA………………………………….Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan

Std………………………..………..Standard

SWOT……………………………..Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat

USP…………………………………Unique Selling Proposition

UGC…………………………………University Grant Commission

UP……………………………………Upper Primary



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1. Introduction

While considering the achievements of Kerala in the field of education and societal

development viz. near total literacy, free and universal primary education, low dropout rate at

the school level, easy access to educational institutions, gender equality in access etc. Kerala is

expecting to show excel in education sector in par with developed countries. In Kerala, societal

demand for education supported by social reform movements, missionary activities and

different organized and unorganized movements were helped to establish large number of

education institutes which helped to meet these increasing demands for education partially. In

addition to the social reforms and activities of Christian missionaries, the influence of caste and

community organizations were the impetus behind development and modernization of

education in Kerala. Followed by this trend, the degree of competition among education

institute in starting educational institutions was increased. Despite the government also

responded to the societal demand by starting institutions of their own, the impulsion of private

involvement has made a noticeable change in the education scenario. While continuing the

process of education expansion, our focus was on quantity and profit rather than quality.

Lack of potential courses for employment is one of the issues we are facing these days.

Compare to other states, shortage of National institutes like IIT’S seems as a major missing.

Another major lacuna in our education system is the total lack of accountability, not only in

elementary education but also in higher education. The existences of multiple layers of

authorities and over politicization have made it impossible to ensure accountability. This

scenario made education a teacher oriented rather than student oriented. Another important

fact which disturbs us is the obsolete curriculum and syllabi more than ever in higher education.

Insufficient infrastructure, low quality and the irrelevance of the research and development are

the matters of serious concern.

At the same time, specializations, multiple options, education innovations better infrastructure,

reformed curriculums and emerging areas has led to migration of students to other states. The

negation in quality and most disturbing interests and interventions of politicians gradually



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made Kerala an unfavorable place for quality education. This scenario in education forced the

parents and students to migrate for higher education. Now our neighboring states and

countries are the hot spot of education.

Albeit Kerala's education system has emerged as the single largest economic activity of the

state, it didn’t show a parallel development in quality, Education accounts for more than one

third of the total revenue expenditure of the state. Nearly one fifth of the population is

students. Education sector is also one of the biggest employers in the state. The number of

teachers forms more than 50 per cent of the total number of workers in registered factories.

The teachers constitute nearly 18 per cent of the total employment in the organized sector. In

the ratio of teachers to total workers, Kerala's position is at the top.

While considering the above mentioned facts, importance of a vibrant, modern and reformed

educational system to our economy is more in the state than elsewhere. After the up and

downs of capitalism and socialism, the present era thinking of a knowledge revolution that lead

to the creation of Knowledge Society and Knowledge economy. As a destination with minimal

possibility of industrial development, scarcity of resources, constraints on investment in

business, high density of population and divided lands, it is better to expose Kerala as an

education destination with knowledge intensive society.

The purpose of this paper is to outline a proposal to develop a world class education sector that

is capable of attracting investment in the development of Kerala as an ‘education destination’

for students in India and from overseas.



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2. Kerala Education – SWOT Analysis

A SWOT Analysis on Kerala education system and scenario which intends to identify the existing

circumstances here in Kerala by breaking down different components like strength, weakness,

opportunity and threat that gives light to the unexplored potentials, areas of improvement and

development, key areas of interventions etc. While analyzing the situation in Kerala the real

paradox exposes is that, even though Kerala is for front in different social indicators but it finds

back seat in development aspects. Additionally Kerala clinched an acclaimed glory in tourism

and appreciable developments in information technology; it vehemently persuades Kerala to an

education destination.

Fig 1: SWOT Analysis – Kerala Education

Cultural Integrity

Developed Community

Diversity

High literacy rate

Harmonious religious relations

Communication infrastructure

Educated Manpower

Natural Resources

IT Awareness

Knowledge State.

Developed country

Experience

Over Political Consciousness

Lack of land availability

Lack Investor friendliness

Lack of professional

competency of Government

Poor standards of Government

Infrastructure

Lack of political will

Lack of accountability

Cumbersome procedures

Knowledge Technology

Acclaimed Tourism hot spots

Knowledge Industry emerges

Diversified cultures and

communities

Educated Human Resource

IT Infrastructure

High Per head spending rate

on education

Potential investors

Over political interventions

Over restrictions and

regulations

Trade Unions

Fast developing neighboring

countries/states

Increased migration for

education

Neighboring competitors

SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTH WEAKNESS

OPPORTUNITY THREAT



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Other factors influencing the development of the education sector in Kerala are the high

population density and shortage of land (education institutions can be developed in high rise

buildings); its cultural diversity, information communications technology infrastructure, its

geography and climate, its bio-diversity, tourism infrastructure, and it’s very significant

international diaspora.

The Kerala diaspora potentially has an important influence on the development of Kerala as an

education destination. Their remittances make a significant contribution to the economy and

are a potential source of investment funds. Their education aspirations for their children create

a demand for high quality education, and their international outlook provides an impetus for a

curriculum that is highly relevant for participation in the global economy.



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3. Rationale

In the wake of globalization, Kerala needs to move towards the concept of knowledge economy

which can be achieved by making effective use of knowledge and developing appropriate

policies, institutions, investments, and coordinated initiatives. Albeit Kerala shows perceptible

changes in Tourism and IT, corresponding expansion is required in the sector of education.

Hence a New education Policy which should ensure the accountability of institutes and staffs,

transparency, reformed curriculum and better R&D is required. This policy moots an idea for

developing Kerala as an education destination by creating various education hubs through a

Public Private Partnership Approach. Similar to the innovations and appreciable development in

information technology and tourism, Kerala can certainly develop as an education destination.

Ultimately the objective is to develop a world class education sector/atmosphere in Kerala that

should attract investment for the development thereby make Kerala as an ‘education

destination’ for students in India and from overseas.



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4. A new Education Policy – Compendium

Started from traditional styles of education Kerala welcomed modern methods which kept our

social system away from obsolescence and ignorance to an extent. Thinkers and reformers

were revolutionized the need for education and knowledge that motivated people to learn and

gain knowledge. The presence of social reformers and modern education equipped our people

to fight against ignorance, inequality, violation of rights and social evils. Styles adapted by

British, colonial culture and English education gave a new outlook to the people of India in the

midst of hardships. Post independence era has also seen various development and reforms in

education sector through multitude of education policies and development initiatives. The rule

enacted by state Government in 2000 paved a way for the entrance of private investors and

institution in education sector. This emergence of self financing colleges in Kerala has made a

tremendous change in the scenario of education with in a limited period of time.

But while improving the quantity of education, we failed to look up on some necessary

elements which restricted a parallel quality development in education sector. The real lacunae

we feel today is the obsolescence of curriculum especially in higher education sector which not

because of the lack of policy recommendations or programs of action but due to the failure in

their implementation.

The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act or Right to Education Act (RTE),

which was passed by the Indian parliament on 4 August 2009, describes the modalities of the

provision of free and compulsory education for children between 6 and 14 in India under Article

21A of the Indian Constitution. India became one of 135 countries to make education a

fundamental right of every child when the act came into force on 1 April 2010.

In the context of the Right Education bill (RTE) which deserves the right for free and

compulsory education to all the children and the Foreign University Bill which allows foreign

education providers set up campuses in India and offer degrees, the concept put forwarded,

Kerala - An Education hub seems special relevance. After unending debates and criticisms on

lack of sufficient infrastructure, teachers, software and hardware components; we just



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concluded that RTE fund can use for the quality up gradation here in Kerala and for basic

infrastructure development in remaining states. So the bill Right to Education here in Kerala

shifted in to a new podium - Right for Quality Education.

While considering the high dense and less per head landholding pattern of Kerala, it is better to

project Kerala as an education destination rather than industrial state. Widely self acclaimed

Kerala model has not came out with any development corresponding to the improvement in

different social indicators. The trend of think tank’s migrations to abroad for a much better

environment for training/education/job invariably proves that lacunae remains exist. As a

knowledge society/economy with exuberant cultural diversity and integrity, Kerala has a great

scope for investment in education sector. As suggested, the moving approach PPP can make a

noticeable change in this sector if government comes with key policy changes.

The curriculum- SSA that we introduced has already grabbed much global attention and the

generous interest free loans provided by different banks made education an affordable one.

Now let’s think for producing sufficient and quality manpower for our growing economy. As

‘God’s on country’ with incredible attractions and fascinating locations, what inhibits the

aspirants to come to Kerala for better higher education, training and exposure? The moment of

hour has come to think – Kerala an education which produces sufficient man power for the

growing nations. May the whole world looks to Kerala for better man power, may the journey

starts for setting international institutions/universities with spectacular infrastructure here in

Kerala.

An education destination with five hubs can be set up in Kerala which provides an entire gamut

on education and training. Skilled manpower, sophisticated technology, high tech

infrastructure, better management and institutional mechanism, specific plans and proposals,

outstanding marketing strategies, effective private participation, education innovations and

better curriculum are the related matters which should be mooted to encapsulate the notion of

Kerala – an emerging education hub.



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5. A qualitative approach to education

Contemporary world is highly sophisticated and networked with outstanding global

technologies which equipped us to go beyond boundaries. It bridges lacunas and reduces

geographical divides among countries and people. Now everyone can access resources of world

simultaneously without any restrictions. This fast moving technologies and developments

tempted us to look education from all angles and forced us to go for a flexible and

multidimensional educational approach which focuses on quality rather than quantity.

Along with the concept ‘core competency’ a multidisciplinary approach is a need of this hour.

While mastering in one field, our education system should be competent to produce human

resource with a multidisciplinary approach which abates the inefficiency to link each other. This

will preclude the degradation and demarcation of existing pattern and keep our systems away

from obsolescence. The revolution in the field of Information Technology has made virtual

system as an integral and indispensable part of education. It enhances the opportunities of

research and development, accessibility and easiness of education.

In the context of these developments, the concept put forward by this paper gives emphasis on

quality education rather than simply Right to Education. In order to achieve quality and

acquiring knowledge, our key strength should be on high-tech IT infrastructure. It plays a

pivotal role in the functioning of all systems and its integration. All the institutes emerging in

this knowledge era should highly IT-centered.

Research and Development is the another key area which is to ensure quality of education. It

strives to encourage scientific thinking among students, providing them an opportunity to

understand the nuances of scientific research. Emphasis should be on acquiring knowledge and

cultivating the right scientific temperament as well as developing technical skills by providing

specialized in house trainings. Incumbent and Students can get sufficient research, industrial

and corporate exposure by taking them to industrial visits. This will help to mold a corporate

culture among students.



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Undoubtedly let’s state that aim of our education is not to create ‘book eaters’ or ‘techno

savvies’ but to achieve the aim ‘perfect person in a perfect society’. The true purpose of

education is not only just imparting knowledge but also encouraging personal empowerment of

every individual with the desire for self development. Key objective of our education should be

not to translate knowledge into economics and lucrative jobs and business but to satisfy every

individual thereby achieve the quality of life too. Ultimately transforming manpower in to

ethical and competent professionals who would be assets to the society will be our new vision.

Right attitude, focused approach and planning have utmost importance in education. Career

Management Centers, Counseling Centers, Discussions forums, enhanced Training and Planning

table are the necessary elements to achieve sustained growth. This will pave way to encourage

growth of the mind, development of character, discipline, and ethical thinking. While thinking

about the concept of ‘knowledge society’ where knowledge is shared freely, its basic

foundation should be in our mind; knowledge is never lost on sharing - it only multiplies. This

emerging concept provides impetus to the betterment of society and the individual.

Institute Industry alliance and collaboration/alliances are another important areas. This is

essential to update technological developments and create a corporate thinking and mind

among individuals. Establishing a link with the industry and research worlds even while

acquiring academic knowledge and skill is now fast becoming a necessity to ensure good

employability. Innovative efforts and initiatives to bridge the Industry-Academy divide,

Entrepreneurship Development, corporate dynamism is the significant components to achieve

the target of quality education.

In keeping with India’s Vision 2020, “Our future depends not on what will happen to us, but on

what we decide to become and on the will to create it”, students are equipped to be the

change agent that will revitalize and sustain this revolution. This proposed approach for quality

education leads to inculcating a flair for leadership, dynamism, courage of conviction, and

unwavering commitment to excellence - all qualities necessary that will take our nation to new

heights.



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6. Towards Knowledge economy

As mentioned earlier trigger a knowledge revolution is a need of this hour and Kerala towards a

knowledge economy should be our tagline to achieve the target of education destination. All

states measure its capacity on the basis its knowledge, skill and man power. Strategies to tap

these resources have great relevance. A state like Kerala – a rapidly growing economy,

demographic advantage and large pool of young people, strongly recommend to triggering a

knowledge revolution in the state. Dr. Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister of India said, “The time

has come to create a second wave of institution building, and of excellence in the fields of

education, research and capability building so that we are better prepared for the 21st century.”

To tap the untapped resources and opportunities, it needs a focused approach and a

knowledge-oriented paradigm of development. This knowledge revolution will ease the effort

towards knowledge economy and fulfill the dream of an education destination. This involves a

significant improvement in existing systems of knowledge as well better avenues for knowledge

development. It is more vital to make this effort participatory to ensure equitable access to

knowledge across all sections of society. A ubiquitous effort for knowledge revolution will

augment domestic research, innovation and facilitates in every sectors like education, health,

agriculture, industry etc. this efforts will strengthen the education system and reforms the

practices/curriculum existing.

“The idea of the knowledge driven economy is not just a description of high tech industries. It describes a set of new sources of competitive advantage which can apply to all sectors, all companies and all regions, from agriculture and retailing to software and biotechnology”

(New measures for the New Economy, report by Charles Leadbeater, June 1999).



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National Knowledge Commission

Terms of Reference

Build excellence in the educational system to meet the knowledge challenges of the

21st century and increase India’s competitive advantage in fields of knowledge.

Promote creation of knowledge in Science & Technology laboratories.

Improve the management of institutions engaged in Intellectual Property Rights.

Promote knowledge applications in Agriculture and Industry.

Promote the use of knowledge capabilities in making government an effective,

transparent and accountable service provider to the citizen and promote widespread

sharing of knowledge to maximize public benefit.

Kerala is highly networked in a small area with different communities, religions and groups.

Additionally vast spread of specialized Keralites all around the globe and lively communication

mediums are advantages of Kerala economy. These Non Resident Indians will become our

representatives and ambassadors throughout the globe when the knowledge economy

emerges. High quality manpower, substantial basic education and professional institutions will

play a pivotal role in knowledge revolution. A multidisciplinary approach with core competency

training and industrial experience in education are the essential requirement in the step

forward.

A knowledge society consists of individual as well as institutions that can provide efficient

innovation system, research centers, universities, think tanks, consultants, and other

organizations. It comprises of educated and skilled man power that can not only tap the

growing stock of global knowledge but assimilate and adapt it to local needs, and create new

technology. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) can facilitate the effective

communication, dissemination, and processing of information.



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Fig 2: Towards knowledge economy

The concept of knowledge society put forward the notion of – ‘it is not degrading but multiplies

while we sharing knowledge’. This 'knowledge revolution' promulgates investment needs in

science and technology, research and development and knowledge innovations which lead to

the overall development. An increased focus on knowledge will strengthen the economic and

social development by providing more efficient ways of producing goods and services and

delivering them more effectively and at lower costs to a greater number of people. It will act as

a medium to bridge the gap between countries as well as communities. The pace towards

knowledge economy will catalyze not only government but also the private players to compete

with developed countries in the wake of globalization. Additionally, it will stimulate investment

in welfare, human capital, effective institutions, relevant technologies, and innovative and

competitive enterprises.



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Fig 3: An approach towards Knowledge Economy - NKC



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7. Education destination

Kerala – called as ‘Gods Own Country’ made its mark on tourism that triggered a noticeable

change in the economy. While considering different social, geographical and political aspects of

Kerala, it has no scope for a revolutionary development in industrial sector. Due to several

factors like highly dense/populated state, lack of sufficient land for development, less per head

land holding pattern, bad political weather etc. Kerala appeared as lesser investors friendly in

industrial segment. However, IT develops in Kerala due to the creation of special economic

zones and parks. But compare to the silicon cities like Bangalore and Hyderabad that developed

very fast, Kerala is far away from the reality.

During these developments we have witnessed a demographic change in the Kerala economy

which is due to the increased migration of people to Singapore and Malaysia for working in

different knowledge development initiatives, plantation works, supervisions and middle level

management. Similar economic migration noticed in the society which was to the emerging and

developing cities of India like Bombay, Delhi, Madras for working as stenographer, typist,

nursing, para-medical staff, soldiers etc. These migration of people to Gulf as nurses,

paramedical staff, skilled workers, enterprise operators; mass migration of nurses to Gulf

countries, Germany, USA and other European States and the migration of skilled workers to the

different parts of the whole world made Kerala a developed state.

Due to the increased migration of educated man power to Gulf, USA and European countries,

NRI remittance augments with a fast pace. We may surprised by the fact, NRI remittance in

Kumbanad, a rural village in Tiruvalla is Rs. 5300 cr. as per the study 2009 which is highest in a

village in India

While considering the development in social indicators and education in Kerala our state was

expected to expose itself as a developed state in all aspects. Even though some indicators like

women’s education, financial dependency, family planning, family budget, low child mortality

rates, high quality medical facilities etc. are widening the exceptional nature of Kerala, but she

remains a consumer state rather than a producer state. The much acclaimed Kerala model



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development completely failed to achieve a flexible and sustained growth and the above

circumstances are proving that it is a folly. Though promulgating Kerala model, the real

development keeps back seat. The only thing which pulls back the investors from Kerala is its

over political Consciousness which disturbed the whole function and made development

becomes a cumbersome process.

Whereas accepting these stark facts, Kerala is a much attractive destination for the whole globe

because of its cultural and national Integration, religious tolerance, enriched art, music, dance

and heritages, development in sports, knowledge capital, natural resources, skilled man power,

developed country experiences etc. Even our elder parents are visited in different developed

countries. Reasonable growth in science and technology and better scenario in women

education are also producing some positive impacts. The prestigious institutions like ISRO,

ISSER, RGCB, RRL, Spices board, Rubber board etc. are augmenting it strength as an empowered

state. A state with large area of sea coast, high ranges, world biodiversity hot spots, 44 river etc.

exposed itself as a most attractive and vibrant destination.

In the back ground of these developments in Kerala, the conclusion may be right; the only

possible area of development for Kerala seems to be education, environment and climate.

Among this tourism has already grabbed much attention and wide market. So the next focus

should be on the education sector. In the wake of globalization and in a highly competitive era,

parents have no inhibition to invest for educating their children. Recent studies proved that

major portion of the income spends by parents is for educating their children and for providing

them a better career. They feel that it produces better return – sow and reap is the strategy

they adapted in the case of providing education to their children.

Data brought out by the 61st round of National Sample Survey (2004-05) shows that, on an

average, the per capita expenditure on education by the rural households in Kerala was more

than double the national average (Rs.41 for Kerala against Rs.18 for India). Studies proved that

the rural-urban difference in educational spending by households was much less in Kerala than

in the country as a whole. The most alarming fact it revealed is that the proportion of



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households spending on private tuition/coaching is much higher in rural Kerala than in rural

India (17% in rural Kerala and 8% in rural India). A study (Nair 2004) on the household costs of

school education in Kerala has shown that the percentage of students receiving private tuition

ranged from 6.7% in the pre-primary schools to 34.1% in high schools. These ratios were 11.8%

for lower primary schools, 21.5% for upper primary schools and 29.6% for higher secondary.

These facts invariably prove that parents and students of Kerala have an urge for quality

education.

The New Education Policy 2000 triggered a call for change in the education sector of Kerala

which favored emergence of Self-Financing education in the state. About an amount of 5000

crore investments from private sector has been estimated so far in the midst of quiet bad

political weather and agitations. These outstanding efforts of private sector managed to build

some better infrastructure and unleash innovations in education sector. It has not seen any

parallel development in curriculum and education approach which was expected from

Government. This stories apparently shows that a successful Public Private Partnership model

can be developed in education sector in association with NRI,NRK, NGOs, religious institutes,

societies and foreign investors.

So Education can be considered as the USP (Unique Selling Proposition/Unique Selling Point or

USP) of Kerala and should depict as a next immediate brand after tourism.

Not only the developed countries but also developing countries are facing a huge crisis of

manpower shortage, which are expected to rise to 40 million by 2020 in developed countries.

This shortfall is an opportunity for Kerala, if we project our state as an education destination by

providing quality education and innovative courses. Manpower shortages are both quantitative

and qualitative in nature. While considering India with different countries, Japan has 4,000

universities for its 127 million people and the US has 3,650 universities for its 301 million, India

has only 348 universities for its 1.2 billion people. This pathetic and alarming situation can

repaired only through a strategic intervention and plans.



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As mentioned earlier 'knowledge revolution' is the next

step ahead to achieve the creation of knowledge

economy and it will be the emerging economy

after the ups and downs of capitalism and

communalism. This knowledge revolution can

start from south if we move ahead

with the concept of education

destination and hubs. There are

closer links between science

and technology; innovation is

more important for economic growth

and competitiveness; there is

increased importance of education and life-

long learning; and more investment is undertaken in

intangibles (R&D, software and education) which are even greater than investments in fixed

capital. And of course there is the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) explosion

which brings worldwide interdependency and connectivity.

Contrary to the situation of higher education, the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), the flagship

project of the HRD ministry, is geared towards achieving useful and relevant elementary

education for all children which would be spent in enhancing retention, a shift from the earlier

focus on access and infrastructure.

The Foreign University bill put forth by the Government can be instrumented to attract top

education brands to Kerala. Mutual alliance and collaboration with foreign universities,

investors meets, encouraging private entry and public private participation is required to

develop an education destination in Kerala. This trend will create a suitable platform for

professionals that will start reverse brain drain.



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The development of the education sector with the objective of becoming an education

destination with an international appeal needs firstly, to attract high levels of investment to

support the development of a better infrastructure; secondly, to attract high quality faculty and

administrators to drive curriculum reforms, and deliver a high quality education experience that

is relevant and at the forefront of new knowledge; and thirdly the development of a sound

governance structure to ensure accreditation meets global standards. A legislative framework

is required to set out an enabling framework.



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8. Education Hubs

An Education Hub means a cluster of education intuitions from elementary to higher education

which is instituted by the legislature to develop quality education. Hub enjoys special privilege

and autonomy. However, it should be regulated by council and authority. The new education

policy which aims for affordable and quality education, accountability to authorities/teachers

and high tech infrastructure, will be incorporating in the development of different education

hubs across the state.

Fig 4: Education hubs in Kerala

Following are the suggested locations for education hubs.

Trivandrum

Tiruvalla

Thrissur

Kochi

Kannur

Kottayam

Kozhikode

KOTTAYAM

KOZHIKODE

EDUCATION HUB



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Tiruvananthapuram - administrative capital of Kerala with well known development in

technology and education.

Tiruvalla - NRI city in Kerala which flourished with different religious and

educational institutes.

Kochi - Business hub and capital of Kerala, always known as an IT hub with

multitude of industries.

Thrissur - Cultural capital of Kerala, a turf to propagate cultural rich and diverse

Kerala

Kottayam - a pioneering center of modern education in Kerala which grabbed 100%

literacy in India first. Centre of journalism in Kerala

Kaanur - in northern Kerala with rich untapped resources not only in tourism but

also in various other aspects like art, culture and heritage

Kozhikode - the most important region of Malabar in yesteryears was the capital of the

powerful Zamorins and also a prominent trade and commerce center.

Fig 5: Education hubs – Kerala

Education hubs are not mean for creating large number of institutions and infrastructure but it

should start from the up gradation of existing education facilities and infrastructure. Along with

quality up gradation of existing system, the lacunas in education sector can be filled with

private investment and participation. All hubs shall ensure education from lower level to higher

level or elementary to higher education thereby Kerala became a sustainable model by

providing all sorts of education.



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Fig 6: Kerala education hub model

An education destination which comprises of different education hubs with state of art facilities

and high tech IT infrastructure will ensure quality education with a 360 degree flexible

Auditorium/Host

el/Refreshment/

Home

stays/Gurukula

ms

Digital

Library/conferen

ce Hall/ /Centre

for Art and

Culture

Indoor and

outdoor sports

stadiums/Gyms/

Spa/Recreation

Centers

Research and

development

centre/Emporiu

ms

Training

Centre/Counseli

ng/Placement

Cell/centre for

Excellence

Business

Complex/

Banks/ATMS/

corners/Languag

e Training

International/Na

tional/state Institutes and Universities

Education

Hub

KERALA – CENTRE FOR EXCELLENCE AN ALL ROUND EXCELLENCE IN EDUCATION



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approach. These hubs consist of private/public schools, national and international institutes,

research and development centers, private universities, communication centers and training

and development facilities.

Fig 7: Education destination Model

These hubs comprise of high tech campuses of private universities, research and development

centers, training campus, language training centers, skill enhancement centers, indoor and

outdoor auditoriums, conference halls, sports and gyms, recreation centers, digital libraries,

business complexes, spas and hotels etc. Additionally it includes some unique initiatives like

cultural museums, craft centers, art emporiums and traditional theatres to propagate the

culture and value systems of Kerala..



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Education hubs shall be the centre for affordable education. Existing policies liberally support

students and parents for higher education. Now higher education is an affordable one to the

people irrespective of cast, creed, religion and community. Facilities like sponsorship,

scholarship, subsidies and loans can make a positive and convincing trend in education hubs.

Additionally opportunities for paid internship, training, apprenticeship and industrial interface

programs will ensure education self sustainable and that will attract the global audience.

The importance of clusters of networked organizations, institutions and firms in a defined

geographical area to support high levels of innovative development in particular technologies,

industries, arts and cultural activities is well established in the innovation literature. High

quality educational institutions are an essential component in the development of these

regional economies. This cluster concept underlies the establishment of techno-parks, and is

here applied to the development of education hubs. Entry to the hubs shall be restricted or

limited by certain criteria that should ensure accountability of institutes. This criterion can be

designed by incorporating various criteria like quality education, accountability, better

infrastructure, affordable education, reformed curriculum, industrial interface programs etc.

This shall be monitored by the apex council for education hubs.

During this pace towards education destination some matters that should take consideration

are,

Quality Education

Better infrastructure

Affordable Education

International Facilities with socio-cultural flavor

Indian Value System

Environmental consciousness

Branding



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Fig 7: Education destination approach

An adept and overt effort for branding and marketing of Kerala is much required. Various

venues like international conferences, investors meet, education fairs, experts talk,

exhibitions etc. can conduct to lift Kerala in to the top most position in education. Similar to

the branding exercises of Kerala Tourism – God’s own country, a prudent endeavor is required

to escalate Kerala as an education destination. A dynamic and dedicated attempt to marketize

Kerala as an education, undoubtedly create Kerala as a hot spot for quality education.



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9. Public Private Participation – a strategy for development

The education system of Kerala provides equal access to education irrespective of gender,

social class and income. In fact, various community groups and organizations were competed

with each other in starting educational institutions and gave emphasis on the education of

lower castes, downtrodden and women. This easy access, sufficient loan facilities, subsidies and

grants together with the increased proximity of institutions have certainly enhanced the

physical access to educational institutions in Kerala. When times goes it has find an extreme

degradation in quality because of lack of necessary up gradations and reforms. This decline in

quality especially in the public system of education, promoted the mushrooming of private

coaching centers and parallel colleges.

In the same instance importance of higher education further increases in the era of

international competition and globalization. So parents and students started to opt education

which provides international exposure and industrial experience. Additionally, the constraints

in market tempted them to go for job oriented courses. But Kerala was lacking the same in

exposure and innovative courses. While comparing the demands and requirements of society

with existing education conditions, yet it is grossly inadequate. This has lead to a mass

migration of students to neighboring states and foreign countries for better education.

Present scenario invariably proves that private initiatives are much better than government

initiatives. Quality up gradation, effective manpower and innovative marketing strategies make

unaided institutes much attractive to parents and students rather than aided institutions. The

efforts of Government to modernize schools are not yet survived and not get any attention by

the society. These efforts may take years to upgrade and build quality infrastructure in aided

schools. In Kerala, we don’t have any world-class institutions of higher education such as IITs

and IITMs and on the other hand, institutions/universities which function more as ordinary

centers, rather than as centers of achieving innovative excellence.



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Whilst considering the above circumstances, our current education sector is not fit to cope with

growing market demand and global competition. At the same time our state is blessed with

large number of private investors. Various studies show that NRKs have remitted more than

US$42 billion to Kerala in the last 35 years. Weekly newsmagazine India Today reports that non-

resident external deposits with Kerala banks, which were US$6.73 billion in June 2008, are

expected to cross US$7.39 billion by June this year. As a major exporter of manpower to Gulf

countries, this can be considered as a hidden opportunity for Kerala. The additional vantages of

Kerala like best social infrastructure, highest physical quality of life and better manpower may

sharpen the competitive edge of Kerala. So the strategy should give focus on build multi

structural infrastructure, develop human resources and focused marketing of state.

Fig 8: Public private partnership model

Thus an increased private investment is imperative to expand infrastructure and provide

greater access to quality higher education in India. Different reports like E&Y - FICCI emphasize

that PPPs is an effective mechanism for attracting much needed private sector investment in

the Indian Higher education system without diluting the Government norms and other

GOVERNMENT INVESTORS TEACHERS STUDENTS PARENTS

STUDENT ORIENTED

EDUCATION

STATE OF ART

INFRASTRUCTURE

UPDATED CURRICULUM AFFORDABLE

EDUCATION

PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTICIPATION

PARTICIPATORY APPROACH



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education restrictions and regulators. In order to achieve the dream of Kerala – an Education

hub, a strong Public Private Partnership initiative is required and it is a need of this hour.

As a literate state with convincing standards, we should give emphasis on Right to Quality

Education rather than Right to education. Education institutes with high tech facilities,

gorgeous infrastructure, reformed curriculums, better facilities for research and development,

exceptional manpower and transparent system shall be developed. And this is not possible

alone by Government; part of the solution lays in forging strong partnerships between the

private sector and the academia. Thus a Public Private Partnership in education can bring an

apparent change in the education sector. In the wake of foreign University Bill, Government can

make some key collaboration with universities abroad to set up campus in the state instead of

off shore practice. This will help to attract students from abroad as well as retain students here.

By encouraging public-private partnerships, attract foreign direct investment (FDI), provide

independent accreditation rating systems and grant autonomy in governance the education

scenario in Kerala will give way for outstanding developments . As mentioned as well as the

core concept it should be guided by a comprehensive master plans and curriculum, continuous

reforms and assessments, effective recruitment and training strategies, leadership

development, integration of collaborative technologies so that it will increase our competitive

edge. This PPP will enable us to identify and rectify the existing gaps in knowledge, skill and

attitude. The principle behind encouraging public private partnerships (PPP's) in education is to

improve educational facilities and for expanding equitable access to schooling. The benefit

multiplies while in higher education.

Different success stories like the initiatives of Infosys Global Training centre at Mysore, Wipro’s

Trivandrum Training campus, Cisco and Reddy’s lab efforts for industrial training etc. have been

leading the way in building sustained programs to impart the desired skills at a college level. It

equips the students to cope with the competitive job market and helps them acquire different

social as well as professional skills in an environment of learning and mentoring. These

partnership modes convincingly support the personal and emotional development of students.



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Thus PPP's, when implement rightly we can augment efficiency, choice and quality as well as

expand access to education services.

The budget presented in Parliament this year envisages to spend Rs.52,057 crore on education

in the year 2011-12 to ensure "inclusive growth" for all. Calling education as the tool of

empowerment to reap the benefit of India's demographic dividend of a young population,

Finance minister announced a hike of 24 percent in the budget spending for education. While

addressing, he remarked that "Our demographic dividend, a relatively younger population

compared to developed countries, is as much of an opportunity as it is a challenge. Over 70

percent of India will be of working age by 2025. In this context universalizing access to

secondary education, increasing percentage of our scholars in higher education and providing

skills training is necessary.” The allocation under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan has hiked by 40

percent. Additionally, describing education as a means of empowerment, the finance minister

also announced a scheme for scholarship for Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe students in

Class 9 and 10.

Azim Premji University (APU)

Azim Premji University (APU) is one of the private universities set up by the corporate giant

Azim Premji Foundation. This has been emerged as a model for quality education with focused

approach. The approach, methodology and strategies of APU are attractive as well as viable. A

brief idea about APU as per the Azim Premji Foundation is summarized below.

The APU will be an institution of excellence in the area of education to develop

outstanding education thinkers & leaders, and also serve as a think tank for long-term

education change and sustainable development. Akin to the IITs, AIIMS, IIMs and the

NLSUI respectively focused on Science & Technology, Medicine, Management and Law,

the APU will in effect be an IIE focused on Education.

The APU's vision is to promote, conceptualize and create a paradigm shift through

development of outstanding leadership, research, knowledge and ideas for education

and allied development sectors.

The objectives of the APU include



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o Creating Intellectual Capital: through research based theory and outstanding,

creative and socially committed leaders and thinkers. Expand the frontiers of

knowledge in education and allied disciplines

o Practice informed by sound theory: Serve as a national education resource

center and present an alternative authentic voice for educational and social

change

o Demonstrating models for effective development of teachers and education

leaders

The APU has been set up through a section 25 company and will be autonomous and

self-funded with no dependency on funds from the Karnataka Government.

The Azim Premji University Ordinance 2009, was passed by the Karnataka Government

in November 2009.

The APU is being set up on 50 acres of land in Sarjapur, near Bangalore. The land is

being provided by the section 25 company, which is acquiring it directly from the

owners.

It will be a fully residential university.

The APU will not be aiming to recover all its expenditure from tuition fees. Any

budgetary gap between income and expenditure will be bridged by funds provided by

Section 25 Company being established by Azim Premji.

The first students will join the university in 2011. The APU will start by offering masters

level courses and eventually also run a Ph.D. program.

Apart from the classroom lectures, the students at the APU will be required to do field

work in schools as an integral part of their learning.

The APU, in addition to developing education professionals and contributing to research

will work towards strengthening the educational space by:

o Increasing the public debate on alternative approaches towards educational

excellence

o Creating possibilities and opportunities to promote innovation and piloting of

new ideas/approaches



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o Supporting state and central governments to move towards a quality education

revolution

o Serving as a resource centre for the country in the areas of education and

development

o Emerging as a centre of excellence in education policy and implementation



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10. Reformation for education systems

Reformed curriculum and courses can equip students with the relevant skills, so that they can

make significant contribution for the growth of emerging knowledge economy. Instead of

increased focus on theoretical learning students should get more practical experience and

exposure that make them employable. A curriculum which focuses on job-specific skills, soft

skills, communication skills and aptitude development can contribute and mold students for the

world of knowledge economy.

As part of the study students shall get much industrial exposure and this can be possible only by

building key collaborations and alliance with industrial partners. The industrial interface

programs and training/apprenticeships shall pave way to ensure this in practice. By providing

industrial experience with practical oriented curriculum, students can come out with

employable skills that will take away the need of skill enhancement training and value added

courses. The existing lacuna can be filled by introducing this policy in coming courses. In

addition to this, these companies can also keep universities/institutions by up-to-dating

technology changes, customer preferences and requirement changes, so that they can plug

gaps in expertise or facilities. Thus institutions can upgrade their quality and keep themselves

away from obsolescence.

Report of ‘The Committee to Advise on Renovation and Rejuvenation of Higher Education’ by

Yespal Committee suggested that “Curricular reform in this regard would include compulsory

exposure and engagement with different kinds of work, in the form of summer jobs or

internships, according to the circumstances and surroundings of the particular university, and

should include both manual and other kinds of work/occupations, with a certain minimum set

of occupational exposure compulsory for all students, irrespective of discipline. Evaluating

students on these fronts would necessarily have to analyze how well they have understood, and

are as a result capable of applying themselves to work and be problem-solving in these

situations.” The report also suggested a National level Accreditation system so that all private



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institutions, which seek the status of a university, can submit their applications to this national

accreditation system.

India needs ‘curricular reforms'. In today's world, where technological knowhow is evolving

with each day, educational institutions need to be granted the freedom to engage with the

industry and change the curricula as and when required. Educational institutions must teach

what the industry needs. Industry-academia collaboration may include companies and

institutes conducting joint R&D, industry internships, and corporate training and certifying

students of affiliated institutes. Lastly, foreign university collaborations can offer access to

world class faculty and international students, curriculum based on global standards and

sharing of culture. These may take the shape of exchange programs, joint research projects or

sharing of infrastructure facilities.”

Prof. Yespal recommended that in order to enrich our higher education we might invite from

abroad a substantial number of potentially great academics and scientists to work with our

students and teachers. Summer jobs or internships, according to the circumstances and

surroundings of the particular university are also important. The current environment favors

those criteria which can generate enumerative data, such as the number of research papers

published by the faculty in journals, the number of patents acquired, and so on.

Lacks of training given to the teachers at the entry point and inadequate training during their

service have also led to deterioration in quality. The distant and disconnect of existing

education systems which focuses more on theory rather than practical, quantity rather than

quality. Most of the higher education curriculums are keeping this aloof.

Modern higher education system requires extension facilities, sophisticated equipment, highly

specialized knowledge and competent teachers. It would not be possible for every university to

possess the best of these infrastructures. Hence, one of the primary tasks of the NCHER to

create several inter-university centres (IUCs) in diverse fields to create the best of these

possibilities and attract the participation of several institutions of higher learning to avail them.



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Another important factor which needs to consider is environmental consciousness and Indian

moral system which is not only in curriculum but also in development strategies for the creation

of education destination. Curriculums shall be incorporated with green concepts which should

persuade students to keep our environment clean, green and filth free. By encapsulating, the

notion is for the achievement of sustainable development through awaking the importance of

nature, environment and values. The values system which comprises of culture, art, life style,

traditions etc. should preserve and promote through the developing systems. Additionally

infrastructure and designs should follow the green concepts like green building, eco office and

green certification. Ultimately the new education policy aims for the creation of knowledge

society which will lead to economic growth, creation of better man power, reverse brain

drain, promotion and preservation of indigenous values systems and a society with good

environmental consciousness.

The reform from the side of Government - Interest Free Education Loan was a most welcoming

one. It is announced by the Indian Government for Indian students who are pursuing the

studies in India. It is one of the great reforms in the education sector to help the poor students.

The qualification to avail this scheme is that family income below Rs.4.5 lakhs per annum.

Additionally if we pay the interest on these periods of education, it will be returned to the bank

account. Such reforms from Government side as well as from private enterprises are helpful to

ensure higher education an affordable dream.

Creation of an education council is also having an utmost importance. Upgrading or instead of

Kerala Council for Higher Education (KCHE), an apex committee for higher education is mooted.

This council will be the sole authority for quality, training and capacity building, accreditations,

curriculum reforms and continuous monitoring and improvement. Thus an overall flexible

development in education both in elementary and higher become possible.

The figure below depicts the key components in the governance structure of the education institutions

in the education hubs. The education council and authority instituted by the legislature regulates the

institutions in the education hubs



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Fig 9: Education council for Kerala

This council can design and suggest effective mechanism to avoid quality degradation and

exploitation in education sector. Strategies to ensure education an affordable subject by

providing sufficient subsidies, reservations, bank loans and scholarships can be come under this

council. While promulgating the entry of private players in education sector, key interventions

to regulate and restrict unfair practices and exploitations shall be framed.

The institutional structure of an education destination needs to satisfy a wide range of educational

needs, to provide a rich choice of educational paths, and to develop a critical mass to attract quality

faculty and students, and potential employers of graduates. Above figure depicts such an institutional

structure which includes primary and secondary schools, tertiary education colleges and universities,

national and international tertiary level institutes, research and development centres, training and

development centres offering short courses for industry, and a variety of institutes/centres offering

specialist training certificates/diplomas to meet the highly specific needs of various occupations and

industries such as in agriculture, tourism, port development and transport, health services, the finance

and IT industries, and new developments in biotechnologies and environmental sciences.



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11. Voucher System – a tool to enhance accountability

It is being noticed that education is essential not only for the development of individuals but

also for the betterment of society. But at the same time, the present system of education is not

at all competent to provide quality education to the aspirants. This is strongly compelled for the

complete restructuring of education policies and redefining roles of education stakeholders

(government, schools, and families) in the delivery of education. The main factor behind the

degradation of present education system is the lack of competition and accountability of

authorities and teachers. So the best solution to end this practice will be the implementation of

Voucher system.

The increased choice and competition can only improve the quality of our basic education as

well as its financial viability. Choice and competition are as crucial in elementary as in higher

education. Thereby voucher system increase choice and competition, making schools student-

centered and linking schools’ revenues with performance which will improve the quantity and

quality of education.

While encapsulating, an education voucher is a certificate issued by the government to parents

rather than to the school chosen by the parents of the child being educated. It is also called an

education voucher. Even private suppliers like foundations, trusts or philanthropists can

distribute vouchers by sponsoring it. The main purpose of vouchers is to increase parents’

freedom to choose the school they prefer for their children. One of the desirable consequences

is the initiation of competition among public schools as well as between public and private

schools. The greatest advantages of voucher system is that, this free market for education

services lowers costs and improves accountability of school authorities and teachers at the

same time.

By getting maximum degree of choice for students, they will seek for quality education and high

tech institutes. Vouchers are the determinant factor for the revenue of teachers and institute

so that it will force these stake holders to enhance the quality of education.



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EDUCATION INSTITUTE/TEACHERS

Fig 10: Voucher Mechanism

VOUCHER

P E R F O R M A N C E

A C C O U N T A B I L I T Y

VOUCHER

SYSTEM

INFRASTRUCTURE MAN POWER

QUALITY



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12. Conclusion

Kerala an education destination – the suggested education policy look forward towards the

creation of knowledge society here in Kerala. It aims to ensure quality education to all instead

of Right for education. The idea of creating education destination through various education

hubs will enhance the venues for better education and that will attract global brands to the

‘God’s own country’. In addition to the creation of education destination and education hubs

the core ideas mooted are the reformation of curriculum, student centered education system,

towards to knowledge economy, affordable education, education council and voucher system-

a tool to enhance accountability. In nucleus, whole notions aim for the development of a

knowledge economy through knowledge revolution which is possible only by ensuring quality

and affordable education to all.



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13. Reference

Defining the knowledge economy - Ian Brinkley

Reverse Exodus: Gulf Workers Return to India, Bringing New Travails – Indian Knowledge

Wharton

Public-private Partnership in Education Needed in India – Article base

Need for Greater Role of Industry in Higher Education in India – Naresh Wadhwa

What Is Wrong With Kerala’s Education System? - K.K. George and N.Ajith Kumar

Higher Education and Development in Kerala - Jandhyala B G Tilak

Developments In Higher Education In India – A Critique - K.K.George And Reji Raman

Kerala’s Education System: From Inclusion to Exclusion? - N. Ajith Kumar, K.K. George

Report of ‘The Committee to Advise on Renovation and Rejuvenation of Higher

Education’ – Yespal Committee

Higher Education in India - Reforms needed – India Notes

New Education Policy: Choice and Competition - Parth J. Shah

Education Vouchers: Is there a Model for India? - Eva Weidrich

Knowledge Economy and Strategies to Harness Potentialities of Kerala - Saji T D

National Knowledge Commission Report to Nation 2006



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14. APPENDIX

Education in Kerala – A Recap

The pre-eminent position of Kerala in educational development dates back to the second half of

the 19th century itself. During the period of British as well as the post-independence period,

the literacy levels in Kerala remained much higher than that at the national level. It was the

non-governmental agencies that had championed the cause of education and had taken

initiatives in starting educational institutions of different kinds. Western missionaries, local

churches, community organizations and social reformers were in the forefront of educational

endeavors in the State. They received ample support from the rulers both during the pre-

independence period and in the post independence period through grants and aids. Thereafter

effective public private partnerships have led to the present position of Kerala in school

education.

An existing scenario of education in Kerala is summarized below.

Schooling has been conducted in three different stages - Primary, Secondary and Higher

Secondary. In Kerala, there were 12,310 schools in 1999-2000 having 6726 lower primary (LP)

schools, 2968 upper primary (UP) schools and 2580 high schools. Kerala schools posses better

physical and basic facilities compared to those in other parts of India. 83% of schools are

housed in proper buildings, 84% of Government schools have drinking water facilities and 85%

have urinals / latrine facilities.

Primary Education

It consists of 2 levels, lower primary (Std I - IV) and Upper Primary (Std V to VII). This comprises

the biggest segment of the state’s education system. Almost every village has more than five

primary schools. There are 6,726 lower primary and 2,968 upper primary schools. Of the

primary schools 61.07% are private aided, 2.98% are private unaided and 35.95% are

government schools.



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Secondary Education

A substantial increase of secondary schools was found in Kerala, i.e.., during 1996-97 there

were 2,580 secondary schools as against 895 in 1960-61. These include 975 Government

schools (37.67%), 1,400 private aided schools (54.1%) and 213 private unaided schools (8.23%).

Higher Secondary Education

There are 931 higher secondary schools (HSS) of which 417 are in government sector, 506 in

aided sector and 8 in unaided sector. The H.S.S intake increased from 20,092 in 1997 to

1,65,600 in 2000. Girl students constitute 58%. In 1997-98 pre-degree courses in 26

Government colleges have been de linked and higher secondary courses have been sanctioned

in 103 government schools.

Vocational Higher Secondary Education

It was formally introduced in Kerala at the higher secondary level (+2 stage) in 1983-84. There

are 322 VHS School (231 Govt. & 91 Private) handling 814 schools of Vocational courses in 45

subjects. Subjects are related to agriculture (livestock management and fisheries), health and

paramedical service, business and commerce, home science and humanities and service sectors

in engineering and technology. Clothing and embroidery, cosmetology and management of

beauty parlours, crèche-pre-school management are courses exclusively for girls.

Education of the disabled

There are 23 recognized special schools for the disabled and about 3,000 children study in

them. They are managed mostly by charity agencies like the Kerala Federation of the Blind

There are Seven Universities in Kerala and 592Collegesproviding a whole bunch of education all

together.

“If a country is to be corruption free and become a nation of beautiful minds, I

strongly feel there are three key societal members who can make a difference. They

are the Father, the Mother and the Teacher. ” –

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam



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CATEGORY

State Universities Central Institutes

1. University of Kerala,

Trivandrum (174)

2. University of Calicut,

Kozhikode (306)

3. Kerala Agricultural University,

Thrissur (53)

4. Cochin University of Science

and Technology, Kochi (24)

5. Mahatma Gandhi University,

Kottayam (183))

6. Kannur University, Kannur

(102)

7. Sree Sankaracharya

University of Sanskrit, Kalady,

Ernakulam

8. Kerala Veterinary and Animal

Sciences University

9. Kerala University of Fisheries

and Ocean Studies

1. Indian Institute of Management, Kozhikode

2. Indian Institutes of Science Education and

Research, Thiruvananthapuram

3. Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology,

Thiruvananthapuram

4. Indian Institute of Engineering Science and

Technology, Kochi (proposed in CUSAT)

5. Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute of Medical Sciences

and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram

6. Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology,

Thiruvananthapuram

7. National Institute of Technology, Calicut

8. Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi

9. Central University of Kerala, Kasargod

10. Central Institute of Fisheries Nautical and

Engineering Training (CIFNET)

11. Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute

(CMFRI)

12. Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI)

13. Library and Bio informatics Centre, CPCRI

NB: Number of colleges in brackets (As per the details in University Website)

Fig 11: Number of higher education Institutes in Kerala (A)

Kerala Higher Education aims to par excel students in specialized fields of their interest and it

categorized in to Graduation (Bachelor's degree) and Post-Graduation (Master's degree). Many

professional and self-financing colleges have offered number of professional courses

throughout the state. All colleges in Kerala are affiliated to one of the Universities in the state.



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There are seven State Universities which consists of different colleges and nine institutes

established by central government are in Kerala. List of the state universities and central

Institutes are as follows.

No Type of Institute Total Govt /Aided

Self financing

1 Engineering 89 12 77

2 MBA 29 (1995)

21 8

3 Pharmacy 31 3 29

4 MCA 35 11 24

5 Hotel Mgt. 4 4

6 Medical Colleges 21 5 17

8 PGDBM 6 6

9 ARCHITECTURE 5 4 1

10 Ayurveda 7

11 Dental 24 5 19

12 Homeo 5 2 3

13 BSc Nursing 104 9 95

14 General nursing 229 13 216

15 Arts and Science 36

16 Poly technique 56

Fig 12. Education Institutes in Kerala



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Fig 13: Education institutes in Kerala

Studies show that Nursing, Engineering, Poly technique (51) and Arts and Science (36) are the

major type of education institutes exist in Kerala. Even though nursing institutes are major

among courses, migration for nursing courses is very high in the state. Additionally, professional

courses like Engineering, medical and job oriented courses like poly technique are much

attractive to students and parents rather than traditional courses. It undoubtedly proves that

our demands are not met by the existing supply and need to invest more in higher education

sector particularly in professional education.

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Education policy 18 03-2011

Education

Transcript of Education policy 18 03-2011