SMAN MODAL BANGSA

EDUCATION IN INDONESIA

• Education in Indonesia is under the responsibilityof the Ministry of Education and Culture(Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan orKemdikbud) and the Ministry of Religious Affairs(Kementerian Agama or Kemenag).

• Education is defined as a planned effort toestablish a study environment and educationprocess.

• Schools in Indonesia are run either by thegovernment (negeri) or private sectors (swasta).

Primary Education

Indonesians are required to attend 9

years of school, 6 years in Elementary

School and 3 years in Junior High School.

They must go to school six days a week

from 7:30 to midday. They can choose

between state-run, nonsectarian public

schools supervised by the Department of

National Education (Depdiknas) or private or

semiprivate religious (usually Islamic) schools

supervised and financed by the Department

of Religious Affairs.

A central goal of the national education system is not merely to impart secular wisdom about the world but also to instruct children in the principles of participation in the modern nation-state.

Teachers customarily do not ask questions of individual pupils,rather a standard teaching technique is to narrate a historical event or to describe a mathematical problem, pausing at key junctures to allow the pupils to call out responses that "fill in the blanks".

By not identifying individual problems of pupils and retaining an emotionally distanced demeanor, teachers are said to show themselves to be patient, which is considered admirable behavior

To enter secondary education, pupils of the sixth grade have to sit for two final examinations, the school final examination and the state (national) examination.

Grades/years of Sekolah Dasar (SD)

UK, US name Indonesian Age Group

First Grade Kelas Satu 6 - 7 years

Second Grade Kelas Dua 7 - 8 years

Third Grade Kelas Tiga 8 - 9 years

Fourth Grade Kelas Empat 9 - 10 years

Fifth Grade Kelas Lima 10 - 11 years

Sixth Grade Kelas Enam 11 - 12 years

Secondary EducationSecondary education, also known as high school, is the stage of education following primary (or elementary) education, and is the last part of formal compulsory education. Secondary education takes place in secondary schools. Secondary school starts from junior high school and continued by senior high school.

• JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

• SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

ISLAMIC SCHOOLThe secular and nationalist emphasis in public

schools has been resisted by some of the Muslimmajority. A distinct and vocal minority of theseMuslims prefer to place their children in a pesantren(islamic boarding school), or Islamic school.

The studies are not organized as a progressionof courses leading to graduation. Although the chiefaim of pesantren is to produce good Muslims, theydo not share a single stance toward Islam or aposition on secularism.

Some pesantren emphasize theautonomy of modern students to thinkfor themselves and to interpretscripture and modern. Others are moretraditional and stress the importance offollowing the wisdom of elders,including their teachings on science,religion, and family life.

For those who opt for a pesantreneducation, a sixth-grade equivalencycertificate is available after successfulcompletion of a state test.

In order for students to adapt to life in the modernnation-state, in the 1970s the Muslim-dominated Departmentof Religion (now the Department of Religious Affairs)advocated the spread of a newer variety of Muslim school,the madrassa.

This kind of school integrates religious subjects from thepesantren with secular subjects from the Western-stylepublic-education system.Although in general the publicbelieves that Islamic schools offer lower-quality education,among Islamic schools a madrassa is ranked lower than apesantren.