EDUCATION IN AMERICA. AN OVERVIEW Education in America is a state responsibility 85% attend public...
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![Page 1: EDUCATION IN AMERICA. AN OVERVIEW Education in America is a state responsibility 85% attend public schools Goal: to provide quality education to more.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022083004/56649e245503460f94b12c84/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
EDUCATION IN AMERICA
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AN OVERVIEW
• Education in America is a state responsibility• 85% attend public schools• Goal: to provide quality education to more
people• Private schools v. public schools
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THE EDUCATION SYSTEM
• Entry level: from age 3, preschool, kindergarten• Primary school (first five years)• Middle school (6-8th grade), junior high (7-9th
grade)• High school (10-12th grade)• Community College (Associate of Arts)• University (BA)• Post-graduate (MA)• PhD Doctoral programs
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MILESTONES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
• Colonial period: promotion of literacy, private family based instruction, enabling people to read the Bible, Old Deluder Laws
• 1787: Northwest Ordinance, beginning of public education, setting aside 1% of the income of a given district for school purposes
• 1830s: Horace Mann, father of the American public education system
• Purpose of education: promote freedom, republican citizenship, social harmony, democracy
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MILESTONES IN THE DEVELOMENT OF THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
• 1954: Brown v. Board of Education• 1957: The launching of Sputnick-Russians take
the lead in space race• 1983: Nation at Risk• A report prepared by the National Commission
on Excellence in Education:• A rising tide of mediocrity• Functional illiteracy• High drop out rates• Low reading, writing, and math skills
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A NATION AT RISK
• Recommendations:• - stronger academic curricula• -stricter academic standards• -heavier homework load, higher grading
standards• -higher salaries to attract well-qualified
teachers
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NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND• Signed into law by G. W. Bush in 2002• Re-authorization of the Elementary and
Secondary Education Act • Increased the federal role in education• Addressed the needs of disadvantaged students• Main components: annual testing, schools had to
meet adequate yearly progress indicators,• Only highly qualified teachers can teach• School districts with high concentration of poor
children would get more funding
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CHANGING EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES
• 1940s: Why Johnny can’t read?• Two main educational approaches: progressives
and traditionalists• 1940s: life adjustment education: basic principle,
utility (substituting radio repair for physics, business English for literature, consumer arithmetic for algebra)
• 1949: how to courses, socio-personal adjustment promote conformity and such courses are considered anti-intellectual
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CHANGING EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES
• 1950s, 1960s: promotion of excellence• Main educational goals: identification of talent,
pursuit of excellence• Social traumas and crises of the 1960s weaken
this goal• Late 1960s, early 1970s: Open Education
Movement: promotion of participatory democracy, nonassertive leadership,equal sharing of power between the student and the teacher
• Late 1970s: the Open Education Movement is heavily criticized
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EDUCATION FOR THE 21st CENTURY
• A new macroenvironment:• Fundamental change in economy, jobs, and
businesses: change from industrial to information age• Demands for new, and different skills: ICT, language
proficiency• Achievement gaps as compared to the world• In problem solving US is 29th out of 40 countries on
PISA tests• Main task: to promote critical thinking, cognitive skills,
creativity, cross-cultural collaboration (geography, language boundaries) entrepreneurial skills, creativity
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A LOOK AT HIGHER EDUCATION
• Colonial period: Harvard College (1636)• Ivy League v. Mass education• U of or State, U systems University of
California Los Angeles, California State University of Los Angeles
• 1946 Servicemen’s Readjustment Act, GI Bill• Today: over 3000 colleges and universities
exist
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A LOOK AT HIGHER EDUCATION
• 1960s-1980s: major investment in education• 2009: 70% of high school graduates enroll in such
higher education institutions• Increasing number of minorities, low income,
non-traditional students• Challenging the value of a college degree: Richard
Freeman: The Overeducated American (1976)• The expansion of distance education, use of ICT
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IMAGES OF THE AMERICAN SCHOOL
• 1955: Blackboard Jungle-Richard Brooks• https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=dKZcHwiv0E4• 1985: The Breakfast Club-John Hughes• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dkX8J-
FKndE• 1987: Summer School• https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=SiqWPa368q0