Education at a Glance Interim Report:Update of Employment and Educational Attainment Indicators -...
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1 Update of Employment and Educational Attainment Indicators January 2015 Education at a Glance Interim Report:
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1
Update of Employment and
Educational Attainment Indicators
January 2015
Education at a Glance
Interim Report:
The social consequences of the crisis were still deepening in 2013, especially among the most vulnerable groups such as low-
educated young adults
Chapter 1TO WHAT LEVEL HAVE ADULTS STUDIED?
One in six younger adults have not reached upper secondary
In most OECD countries more than four out of five younger adults have attained at least an upper
secondary education, implying that one in six of them have qualifications below upper secondary
education.
One in six younger adults have not reached upper
secondary education Chart 1.1
Educational attainment among younger (25-34 year-olds) adults (2013)
52 52
39 3935 34
27 2723 21 18 18 18 17 16 15 15 14 14 14 13 13 13 13 12 11 11 10 9 9 9 7 6 6 6 6 6
2
25 23
31
45
24
4050
33
54
3939 41
3643 47
42 41 40 38 3846
36
6056
44
64
45 47 4651
47
35
64
52
65
37
57
31
22 2529
15
41
2623
40
22
41 43 4147
40 3743 44 46 48 48
41
51
2731
44
25
45 43 4540
45
58
30
42
29
57
37
67
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Turk
ey
Mexi
co
Portugal
Bra
zil
Spain
Colo
mbia
Italy
Icela
nd
Chile
New
Zeala
nd
Belg
ium
Denm
ark
Norw
ay
OECD
ave
rage
Gre
ece
Neth
erlands
Fra
nce
Aust
ralia
Luxe
mbourg
United K
ingdom
Latv
ia
Irela
nd
Germ
any
Hungary
Est
onia
Aust
ria
United S
tate
s
Sw
itze
rland
Isra
el
Fin
land
Sw
eden
Canada
Slo
vak R
epublic
Pola
nd
Cze
ch R
epublic
Russ
ian F
edera
tion
Slo
venia
Kore
a
Below upper secondary Upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary Tertiary
Lower proportion of older adults have tertiary credentials
In 2013, on average across OECD countries, 34% of older adults (55-64 year-olds) have not attained
upper secondary level.
Brazil, Colombia, Italy, Mexico, Portugal, Spain and Turkey have the highest proportion of older adults with low qualifications as well as the highest share
of younger adults with low qualifications.
Lower proportion of older adults have tertiary
credentials Chart 1.1
Educational attainment among older (55-64 year-olds) adults (2013)
7974
7972
6269
56
35
62
3942
30
18
34
49
3538 39
27 30
12
41
15
24
10
26
1017
22 2419
15 15 1713
8
26
49
11
1210
18
17
16
32
39
25
3232
41
51
43
30
38
41
31
4637
63
33
60
60
55
57
48
53
31
44 51
40
71 7073
42
56
36
1013 12 11
2015
12
26
13
3026
29 3125
2127
20
30 2734
25 26 25
16
35
16
42
30
47
32 29
45
14 13 14
49
1815
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Turk
ey
Mexi
co
Portugal
Bra
zil
Spain
Colo
mbia
Italy
Icela
nd
Chile
New
Zeala
nd
Belg
ium
Denm
ark
Norw
ay
OECD
ave
rage
Gre
ece
Neth
erlands
Fra
nce
Aust
ralia
Luxe
mbourg
United K
ingdom
Latv
ia
Irela
nd
Germ
any
Hungary
Est
onia
Aust
ria
United S
tate
s
Sw
itze
rland
Isra
el
Fin
land
Sw
eden
Canada
Slo
vak R
epublic
Pola
nd
Cze
ch R
epublic
Russ
ian F
edera
tion
Slo
venia
Kore
a
Below upper secondary Upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary Tertiary
There is a larger proportion of young men with low qualifications compared to young women
On average across OECD countries, 18% of younger men (25-34 year-olds) have not attained an upper secondary
education while the percentage among younger women is 15%.
In Australia, Brazil, Colombia, Denmark, Estonia, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Latvia and Norway the gender difference
across younger adults is wider than 5 percentage points, and in Portugal and Spain it is larger than 10 percentage
points.
There is a larger proportion of young men with low
qualifications compared to young women Chart 1.2
Percentage of younger adults (25-34 year-olds) with attainment below upper secondary education, by gender (2013)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Portugal
Spain
Bra
zil
Denm
ark
Latv
ia
Est
onia
Italy
Icela
nd
Gre
ece
Colo
mbia
Aust
ralia
Norw
ay
Luxe
mbourg
Isra
el
Neth
erlands
Belg
ium
Irela
nd
Fin
land
OECD
ave
rage
Canada
United S
tate
s
Fra
nce
Slo
venia
Pola
nd
Russ
ian F
edera
tion
Sw
eden
New
Zeala
nd
Chile
United K
ingdom
Hungary
Germ
any
Cze
ch R
epublic
Kore
a
Slo
vak R
epublic
Mexi
co
Sw
itze
rland
Aust
ria
Turk
ey
Men Women%
The proportion of younger adults with tertiary education increased in all countries between 2000 and 2013
On average across OECD countries, the percentage of younger adults (25-34 year-olds) with tertiary education
increased by 14 percentage points between 2000 and 2013.
The increase was lowest in Finland (1 percentage point) and highest in Korea, Luxembourg and Poland
(25 percentage points or more).
The proportion of younger adults with tertiary education
increased in all countries between 2000 and 2013 Chart 1.4
Percentage of younger adults (25-34 year-olds) with tertiary education (2000 and 2013)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Kore
a
Pola
nd
Luxe
mbourg
Latv
ia
Irela
nd
United K
ingdom
Slo
vak R
epublic
Slo
venia
Cze
ch R
epublic
Sw
itze
rland
Portugal
Hungary
Neth
erlands
Aust
ralia
OECD
ave
rage
Turk
ey
Gre
ece
Fra
nce
Italy
Est
onia
Denm
ark
Norw
ay
New
Zeala
nd
Sw
eden
Aust
ria
Japan
Icela
nd
Canada
Mexi
co
Spain
United S
tate
s
Belg
ium
Germ
any
Fin
land
2000 2013%
Chapter 2HOW DOES EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AFFECT
PARTICIPATION IN THE LABOUR MARKET?
Employment rates increase with education in all countries
On average across OECD countries the employment rate of 25-64 year-olds without an upper secondary qualification
was 55%, and 83% for those with a tertiary education.
For adults without an upper secondary qualification the employment rate was lower than 40% in the Slovak
Republic, Hungary and Poland.
For adults with a tertiary qualification the employment rate was about 90% in Austria, Denmark, Germany, Iceland, the
Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland.
Employment rates increase with education in all
countries Chart 2.1
Employment rates among adults (25-64 year-olds) by educational attainment (2013)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Gre
ece
Spain
Turk
ey
Kore
a
Italy
Slo
vak R
epublic
Mexi
co
Irela
nd
Hungary
Portugal
United S
tate
s
Japan
Canada
Russ
ian F
edera
tion
OECD
ave
rage
Est
onia
Aust
ralia
Colo
mbia
Slo
venia
Fin
land
Belg
ium
Chile
Fra
nce
United K
ingdom
Pola
nd
Luxe
mbourg
Cze
ch R
epublic
Bra
zil
Isra
el
Latv
ia
New
Zeala
nd
Denm
ark
Aust
ria
Germ
any
Neth
erlands
Sw
itze
rland
Sw
eden
Norw
ay
Icela
nd
Tertiary education Upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary Below upper secondary%
More tertiary educated young men are employed but more women have tertiary credentials
On average across OECD countries there is a gender gap in employment even for tertiary educated young adults: 87% of
tertiary-educated men are employed versus 78% of tertiary educated women.
Even if employment is higher among tertiary educated men, 25-34 year-old women have consistently higher attainment rates at the tertiary level compared with men of the same age. Across OECD countries, 46% of young women have reached tertiary education
while it is the case for 35% of young men.
More tertiary educated young men are employed but
more women have tertiary credentials Chart 2.2
Employment rates among young adults (25-34 year-olds) with tertiary education, by gender (2013)
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Greece
Italy
Korea
Turkey
Czech Republic
Slovak Republic
Spain
Estonia
Hungary
Mexico
Japan
Portugal
Finland
OECD average
Australia
United States
New Zealand
Colombia
Poland
Slovenia
Ireland
Chile
Iceland
Canada
United Kingdom
Latvia
Israel
Luxembourg
Denmark
Austria
France
Germany
Sweden
Switzerland
Belgium
Brazil
Norway
Netherlands
Russian Federation
Employment Women Men
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Greece
Italy
Korea
Turkey
Czech Republic
Slovak Republic
Spain
Estonia
Hungary
Mexico
Japan
Portugal
Finland
OECD average
Australia
United States
New Zealand
Colombia
Poland
Slovenia
Ireland
Chile
Iceland
Canada
United Kingdom
Latvia
Israel
Luxembourg
Denmark
Austria
France
Germany
Sweden
Switzerland
Belgium
Brazil
Norway
Netherlands
Russian Federation
Tertiary education attainment
Small gap in unemployment among tertiary educated men and women
On average across OECD countries the gender gap in unemployment for tertiary educated young adults is very
small: 7% of tertiary-educated men are unemployed versus 8% of tertiary educated women.
In some countries tertiary-educated women have lower unemployment rates than men. This is the case in Canada,
Estonia, France, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the United Kingdom
and the United States.
Small gap in unemployment among tertiary
educated men and women Chart 2.5
Unemployment rates among young adults (25-34 year-olds) with tertiary education, by gender (2013)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
Turk
ey
Portugal
Gre
ece
Slo
venia
Colo
mbia
Slo
vak R
epublic
Pola
nd
Bra
zil
Aust
ria
Italy
Spain
New
Zeala
nd
Cze
ch R
epublic
Hungary
OECD
ave
rage
Isra
el
Chile
Belg
ium
Latv
ia
Aust
ralia
Russ
ian F
edera
tion
Germ
any
Denm
ark
Fin
land
Sw
eden
Sw
itze
rland
Mexi
co
Japan
United K
ingdom
United S
tate
s
Est
onia
Canada
Fra
nce
Irela
nd
Neth
erlands
Kore
a
Luxe
mbourg
Women Men%Data for Greece: Women= 36%; Men= 30%
The gender gap widens among young adults with low qualification
Across OECD countries, the gender gap is larger for young adults without an upper secondary education compared
with young adults with a tertiary qualification: 67% of young men and 43% of young women without upper
secondary education are employed.
The gender gap is over 40 percentage points in Colombia, Mexico and Turkey.
The gender gap widens among young adults with
low qualifications Chart 2.3
Employment rates among young adults (25-34 year-olds) with attainment below upper secondary education, by gender (2013)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Portugal
Spain
Norw
ay
Sw
itze
rland
Slo
vak R
epublic
Irela
nd
Kore
a
Russ
ian F
edera
tion
Neth
erlands
Aust
ria
Icela
nd
Belg
ium
Denm
ark
Germ
any
Latv
ia
Gre
ece
Fin
land
OECD
ave
rage
Hungary
Cze
ch R
epublic
Canada
Luxe
mbourg
Fra
nce
Est
onia
Aust
ralia
United K
ingdom
Pola
nd
Sw
eden
Italy
United S
tate
s
New
Zeala
nd
Bra
zil
Slo
venia
Chile
Isra
el
Colo
mbia
Mexi
co
Turk
ey
%Women Men
Higher employment rates for vocational qualifications among upper secondary education
Across OECD countries, among 25-64 year-olds with upper secondary education as highest level of education the
employment rate of adults with vocational qualifications was 75% on average, while it was 69% on average for those
with general qualifications.
In Denmark and Germany employment rate for adults with a vocational upper secondary education is 15 percentage
points or more above the employment rate for adults with a general upper secondary education.
Higher employment rates for vocational
qualifications among upper secondary education Chart 2.4
Employment rates among adults (25-64 year-olds) with upper secondary education as highest level of education attained,
by type of programme (2013)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Gre
ece
Spain
Turk
ey
Irela
nd
Hungary
Slo
venia
Slo
vak R
epublic
Luxe
mbourg
Latv
ia
Italy
Fra
nce
Fin
land
Chile
Est
onia
OECD
ave
rage
Belg
ium
Cze
ch R
epublic
Russ
ian F
edera
tion
Aust
ria
Neth
erlands
Isra
el
Canada
Denm
ark
Germ
any
Aust
ralia
Sw
itze
rland
New
Zeala
nd
Sw
eden
Icela
nd
%Vocational General
Chapter 3TRANSITION FROM SCHOOL TO WORK:
WHERE ARE THE 15-29 YEAR-OLDS?
Almost one in five 20-24 year-olds is NEET
Among the 20-24 year-olds, about 55% were not in education of which 36% were employed, 10% unemployed and 9% not looking for a job. So, about 19% can be seen as
NEET (people neither employed nor in education or training).
The NEET population is over 25% in 7 countries: Colombia, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Mexico, Spain and Turkey.
Almost one in five 20-24 year-olds is NEETChart 3.1
Distribution of 20-24 year-olds not in education, by work status (2013)
49 4754
33
4652
43 4549
26
45 44
3530
46
3733
42
33 35 36 34
21
33
19
29
36 3428
37 3632
26
1922
11
5
7
9
10
5
76
4
17
5 6
4 13
5
1114
7
16 13 1011
25
8
26
168
8
12
4 4
5
5
10 6
15
20
12
27
9 6
12 10 7
179 7
19 13
58 8 5 5 6 9
78
87 6 6
88 6
6
08
42
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Colo
mbia
Mexi
co
Isra
el
Turk
ey
United K
ingdom
Aust
ria
United S
tate
s
New
Zeala
nd
Norw
ay
Italy
Aust
ralia
Canada
Kore
a
Hungary
Sw
itze
rland
Belg
ium
Irela
nd
Sw
eden
Slo
vak R
epublic
Fra
nce
OECD
ave
rage
Latv
ia
Spain
Est
onia
Gre
ece
Portugal
Cze
ch R
epublic
Fin
land
Pola
nd
Germ
any
Neth
erlands
Icela
nd
Denm
ark
Slo
venia
Luxe
mbourg
Employed Unemployed Inactive%
30% of the employed 15-29 year-olds not in education are not working full time
Among the 15-29 year-olds who are not in education and are working, 68% were working 35 hours or more per
week.
Among young adults who are working and are not in education, 40% or more are working less than 35 hours per
week in Denmark, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands and Sweden.
30% of the employed 15-29 year-olds not in
education are not working full time Chart 3.4
Number of hours worked in a week, by 15-29 year-olds not in education (2013)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Netherlands 37
Sweden 38
Ireland 34
Finland 32
Denmark 29
Iceland 34
United Kingdom 43
Canada 43
Spain 27
Switzerland 44
Austria 45
Italy 28
France 36
OECD average 37
Belgium 38
Portugal 31
Luxembourg 36
Germany 37
Greece 24
Israel 43
Slovenia 30
Czech Republic 40
United States 39
Colombia 42
Estonia 37
Mexico 42
Australia 42
Hungary 34
Slovak Republic 37
Poland 34
Latvia 39
Turkey 32
Distribution of working hours among 15-29 year-olds not in education and employed
35+
10-34
1-9
0
Unknown
Number of hours worked in a week:
Em
plo
yed
(%)
Find out more about our work at:www.oecd.org/edu/eag.htmwww.oecd.org/edu/eag-interim-report.htm
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Email: [email protected]: SchleicherEDU
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