EDUCATE for the FUTURE - Educarsi al futuro inglese/ENEA_futsost_eng.pdf · Italian National Agency...

1ENEA - educarsi al futuro

Italian National Agency for new technology, energy and sustainable economic development

EDUCATE for the FUTURE

- ENEA project -Partners of the project:

Ministry of Education, University and

Research

Ministry of Environment, Land and Sea

Protection

Ministry of Foreign AffairsItalian Development Cooperation

Province of Rome

IFAD - International Fund for Agricultural Development

2

The project’s aim is to help students to face newproblems which regard the SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT of our planet

to create new relationships between students in the North and in the South of the world on the basis of the awareness of our common future

ENEA - educarsi al futuro

“What is lacking in our educational system is a special education regarding the global epoch that we are living .....

Nothing teaches us the state of the world that we are part of ”

Edgar Morin

ENEA - educarsi al futuro3

What new teacher-student relationships and what new teaching methods do we

need to facilitate the growth of a teenager in the 2012 who sees in the future

more threats than hopes?

At school in the planetary epoch ……

What new knowledge must be introduced in our schools to interest students in science and involve them in building their future?


Educational process follows these steps

Emotional bond student – teacher

Emotional bond student - subject

desire to learn

will

joy of self

esteem

identity

education

training / schooling


The world population grows dramatically, within a few decades

the earth will host 9 billion people, 2 billion more than now1

2 New residents will born mostly in poor regions and

to reach acceptable living conditions, will require increasing

amounts of energy and natural resources

3 The earth is a closed ecosystem, its resources are limited; human

development cannot “exceed” the biophisical! planet’s limits

Why the issue of a “Sustainable future” ?


THE EARTH IS A CLOSED AND LIMITED ECOSYSTEM

7

Is it possible to realize

an unlimited development

inside a limited eco-system ?



The consumption of natural resources, energy, food, water, necessary to the life of all inhabitans of the planet, cannot overcome the limited

biosphere’s capacity

Humanity must learn

to live sustainably


9

250 millions

2 billions

500 millions

9 billions

year 2000 6,2 billions

Year 0 1600 1950 2050

World population grew to 250 million people in 1600 years

...and now grows dramaticallyfrom 1950 to 2050, in just 100 years

will grow to 7 billion people


20% 80%

10

The population doesn’t grow uniformly on the planet:

in poor nations, the population grows at a rate 10 times higher than in rich nations

In 2020

80% of population

will live in poor countries

inhabitants of poor countries


728

315

820

1270

1046

660

450

2000

1400 1505

europa nord america africa cina india

Variation of the global population between 2000 and 2050

Year 2000 - 6,2 billions of inahibitant

Year 2050 - 9,2 billions of inahibitant

By 2050, Africa will be the most populous region in the world with 2 billion people

IndiaChinaAfricaNorth AmericaEurope



A comprensive strategy for sustainable development must involve all countries, both poor and industrialized


Più energia per i paesi poveri


Poor countries will need to have at their disposal the amount of natural resources and energy to achieve minimum levels of dignity and well being

Meno consumi per i paesi ricchiDeveloped countries should reduce their consumption, change their life styles, apply available knowledge and technologies to

find new solutions in agreement with the environment

ENEA - educarsi al futuro 14

America del Nord

Europa America Latina

Africa India Cina

2340

1827

550630 600

1970

Inahibitants (in Millions)

Energy consumption 2007 (MillionsTEP)

If everyone on the planet wanted to imitate the lifestyle of Americans, the planet should withstand 14 times the current energy consumption with unimaginable economic, social and environmental consequences

Who consumes energy on the planet?


AfricaEuropeNorth America

ChinaIndiaLatinAmerica

nord america

centro sud america

europa ex unione sovietica

medio oriente

africa estremo oriente

69,6

1,86,3

65,1

74,24,9 4,6

3,5

37,835

7,46,9

Distribution of oil and gas deposits in the world

65% of oil still available for the future, is in the middle East, the gas is present in only two regions of the planet.

It’s no accident that middle East has been a region of conflicts for many years.


North America

Europe Middle East

Far East

AfricaFormerSoviet Union

Central and South

America

An American consumes 26 barrels of oil per year



An Italian consumes 12 barrels of oil per year




An Chinese consumes 2 barrels of oil per year





An African consumes only 120ENEA - educarsi al futuro

First of all Energy is an ethical issue




An African consumes only 121ENEA - educarsi al futuro

Fonte di enrgia ()

Riserve attese

(miliardi di barili)

oil 27,6 1170 590 42

natural gas 14,7 980 1170 65

coal 20,2 3500 17800 170

uranium thorium 2,5 282 1070 101

For how much can we still count on no renewable energies ?


Energy source

Annualproduction (billions of

barrels

Proven reserves(billions of

barrels)

Expectedreserves (billions

of barrels)

ExhaustionTime (Years)


Growth of the world energy consumption

What kind of damages are we producing to

our ecosystem because of the way we

produce and consume energy?


80% of all world energy comes from fossil(oil + gas + coal)

petrolio gas carbone nucleare idro biomassa

35%

21%23%

6,7%

2,4%

11%

Which sources do we use to produce energy? what are the consequences for the ecosystem?


Oil idroCoalGas Nuclear Biomass

Atmosphere

1,8% (760.000 MtC)

Soil

5,6% (2,3 millions MtC)

90.000

MtC/year

800.000

MtC/year

120.000

MtC/yearOCEAN

92,6% (38 millions MtC)3.7 million MtC fossil carbon contained in more than 100 million years in the underground comes back in the atmosphere

HUMAN FACTOR

CARBON CYCLE


With the extraction of fossil man returns into the atmosphere, in a few years, huge amounts of carbon that natural processes had confined underground in hundreds of millions of years.

This is particularly alarming when one recalls that it was the removal of carbon and oxygen accumulation in the atmosphere that allowed the occurrence of humankind

Imissioni di carbonio in atmosfera


oceans 2400trees/land areas 900

Oceans and forests absorb CO2 and convert it into oxygen in the following amounts (Megaton/year):

How much carbon emissions we produce by burning fossil fuels today?

And how many can withstand the planet?

Anthropogenic emissions of carbon 8000

The current carbon emissions are more than twicethe natural capacity of our planet to absorb

Inputs of carbon into the atmosphere by human activities 4700

Total capacity of the planet to absorb carbon 3300


For how long the emitted and not "recycled" from the planet CO2 remains alive in the 'atmosphere?

The portion of CO2 produced annually by human activities and not absorbed

by the planet, remains in the atmosphere for 50 / 200 years

CO2 CH4 NO2 CFC-11 HFC-23 CF4 (PFC)

Pre Industrial Revolution ~280 ppmv ~700 ppbv ~280 ppbv - - 40 pptv

1998 365 ppmv 1745 ppbv 314 ppbv 268 pptv 14 pptv 80 pptv

Annual Growth Rate 0.5 0.6 0.25

Persistence average (years)

50 / 200 12 114 45 257 50.000

GWP (global warming potential) 1 21 310 4.000 11.700 6.300

Ppmv = parts per million by volume, ppbv = parts per billion by volume, pptv = parts per trillion in volume

So the CO2 emitted today will be added to that emitted in the coming

decades, causing a drastic increase in the concentration of CO2 in the

atmosphere

Grafico aumento concentrazione CO2


380

CO2 concentration in the atmosphere has increased by 35% in just 200 years passing from 280 ppmv to 380 ppmv

La storia della CO2 fino a 600 mila anni fa


Studies carried out in Antarctica on air bubbles trapped in the deep layers of ice have permitted to write "history" of CO2 in the air up to 600,000 years ago

The measurements show that the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has always been maintained, from 600 thousand years ago to today, within the two dashed red lines corresponding to a minimum of 200 and a maximum of 290 parts per million.

Today (year 0 of the graph) has been produced a sudden and extremely high increase in CO2 concentration from 290 to 380 parts per million.

a very higher level than the one ever reached in the last 650,000 years


International Energy Agency Report

that provides data to evaluate the development of the international ones energy market and its consequences on climate change

www.worldenergyoutlook.org

“The world energy system is at a crossroads.The current energy consumption are clearly unsustainable from an

environmental, economic and social point of view”

“we must implement an ENERGY REVOLUTION”

World Energy Outlook 2008


http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/


The student needs to know if knowledge, scientific research, new technologies are able to find positive solutions for the future.

Are there new sources of energy to meet the needs of humanity without causing irreparable damage to the environment?

Energia dal vento


According to European Renewable Energy Council by 2020

EU industry sources can produce 33-40% of the electricity needed for Europe.Thermal solar energy will be able to cover up to25% of heat demand in Europe.

With renewables energies we will be able to generate about 2 million jobs

Often in Germany and Austria solar thermal collectors are integrated

on the roofs of houses or buildings

Solar block in Neckarsulm – Germany34ENEA - educarsi al futuro

Renewable energy for sustainable development of the South of the World

Poor countries have large quantities of solar energy, free and non polluting.Two billion people living in the millions of rural villages scattered throughout the world, can produce

electricity and heat necessary for their development without harming the planet


ENEA’s Research Centre - Rome

Large linear parabolic mirrors of 5 metres, concentrate solar radiation on a receiver pipe

flowing molten salts that are heated to 500 ° C.

Concentrating solar power for electricity production

The steam turbine generates electricity. After having transferred part of its thermal energy to produce

steam, the fluid is collected in a second tank to 290 ° C. Then it returns to the

solar plant to warm again.

The solar plant heats the fluid in the pipe receiver. The heat of the fluid is accumulated in the first tank at 550 ° C. With this heat can be produced steam 24 hours on 24.


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The Receiver Piper


Archimede’s ProjectDemonstration of a solar power plant 5MWe in Priolo (Sicily)


Large areas of the planet are very sunny and therefore suitable for the construction of

solar concentration plants. From each square meter of surface, we can achieve in one

year, the same amount of energy that is derived from a barrel of oil.


Hypothetical extension of the area occupied by solar thermal plants

to produce the world's supply (European) of electricity to 2050

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WWW.DESERTEC.ORGA cooperation project between

Europe- Middle East - North Africa


La tecnologia può sconfiggere la povertà

Technology is the most important weapon to overcome poverty

“The end of poverty” - Jeffrey Sachs

The spread of mobile telephony is a prime example (280 million users in Africa, 130 in Brazil, 120 in Indonesia); it will allow to overcome the isolation of villages, to disseminate information, to do business.In Bangladesh mobile operator GrameenPhone has introduced the Healthline, a direct and no stop line for medical assistance via mobile


SOLAR ENERGY FOR RURAL VILLAGES

Today you can make self-sufficient millions of rural villages scattered around the world with small thermal and photovoltaic systems that produce the electricity

sufficient for their needs

.Opportunities of use:

illuminate homes and environments, cooking with solar ovens and biogas, irrigate with solar pumps, potable water, using work tools and refrigerators,

communicate and make school


Scuola fotovoltaica africana


A photovoltaic School in Africa

In a school in an area of South Africa, SELF (Solar Electric Light Found), has installed a photovoltaic system to 2400W, DELL has provided some computers and INFOSAT provided the satellite link.

Myeka High School is a

technological dream came true

ENEA - educarsi al futuro 44


The students who were reading by candlelight, can now connect to the Internet and have access to the

Learning Channel.

The graduates have increased from 30 to 70%, some students have won science prizes, and many go on

to university.


AN EXAMPLE ON HOW A SCHOOL CAN PARTECIPATE TO A COOPERATION PROJECT…

This Pv kit can provide electricity to a small rural school and the teacher’s house.

It costs € 1.500 (about 3 € / year per student in a school with 500 pupils)

photovoltaic panels 300Wp

Battery, 12V

Six lamps to light up the first class

Six lamps to light up the second class

2 lamps to light up the teacher’s room

Control unit

Burkina Faso, April 2009


This Pv kit can provide electricity

A FINANCIAL SYSTEM THAT WANTS TO

OVERCOME POVERTY

“Grameen Bank” (Bank of the village)

Bangladesh – 1976

(www.grameen-info.org)

The most important experience of microcredit bank founded by

Muhammad Yunus

We can do, very briefly, another example of interdisciplinary path.This time touching the theme of the economy.


http://www.grameen-info.org/



Working for these people, the bank had a recovery rate of loans of 98%.

The bank lends money only to the poor, particularly women

Yunus started paying $ 5 to a woman who made straw baskets for a company who in return gave her rice for her and her children. With $ 5 the woman was able to buy straw and was able to sell the baskets to the market, obtaining the proper gain.

With only $ 5 this woman is out of poverty and entered the market


"We were told we had to make loans to family heads, usually males.Instead we have addressed mainly to women in the most extreme degree of poverty .....village women who do not have a piece of land and throughout their lives have never touched money…. ”

“... Women who can neither read nor write, women who dare not stand in front of a man and hide their face in the presence of strangers ....”


Grameen Bank believes that the poor have the ability to

work that remain underutilized.

“The answer to poverty is to release energy and creativity in each human being

The credit is a human right, not a game of speculation

by "Banker to the Poor" by M. Yunus



Yunus demonstrate us that lend money to the pooris not absurd at all.Lending money to the poor is the only way toovercome poverty and on the other hand is the onlyethic way to see economy.This experience needs to be discussed at school inorder to let the student understand that it ispossible to find solutions only through new andcommongood-oriented experiences.

To create an emotional bond between the student, the teacher and theknowledge the school must overcome the fragmentation of knowledgein subjects and offer a mix of interdisciplinary knowledge, allowingstudents to tackle complex issues and to seek new solutions.

Making school in planetary age

the school must become the privileged place where you are defendingthe interests of students and the common property of society neededto build a peaceful and sustainable future for all inhabitants of theplanet


www.educarsialfuturo.it58ENEA - educarsi al futuro

The homepage of the Project

TEACHERS, STUDENTS, RESEARCHERS WORK TOGETHER IN ORDER TO:

produce new teaching materials for schools, to be broadcasted on web

promoting renewable sources and the responsible consumption in the territory

realize cooperation projects with schools in developing countries

Educate for the Futureproject of scientific cooperation between ENEA and schools to create

NATIONAL NETWORK of SCHOOLS for a SUSTAINABLE FUTURE


EDUCATE for the FUTURE - Educarsi al futuro inglese/ENEA_futsost_eng.pdf · Italian National Agency...

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