Education and Human Resource Development

in Myanmar: at a crossroad

Tin Htut, Ph. D Rector

Yezin Agricultural University

April 28, 2014

1

OUTLINE

• Overview of Education Sector in Myanmar

• Education for Human Resource Development

• Present Status of Education Sector in

Myanmar

• Future educational perspective for Myanmar

•  Key messages and urgent needs

2

Overview of Education Sector in Myanmar -  Fragmented education sector review -  Overwhelmed rote learning and tuition system both

in basic and higher education -  Lack of motivation, innovation and analytical skill -  Limited resource materials (cheap education) -  Underdeveloped job market -  Lack of inter-linkages among the institutions -  Needing quality control and accreditation -  Inadequate qualified teaching staff -  Poor institutional capacity/ lack of good

institutional practices (GIP)/ lack of good institutional culture (GIC)

3

Progress on education sector in Myanmar

• Educational sector development policy and strategies are thoughtfully formulated

•  Participatory planning • Comprehensive Education Sector Review (CESR) first

phase has been completed • Comprehensive Education Sector Review (CESR) second

phase is on progress • National Qualification Framework (NQF) is on progress • National Education Law has been drafted and under

parliamentary review

leading to more progressive education sector performance

4

Six core areas

• Development of human resource • Utilization of technology • Expansion of research • Development of a lifelong learning society •  Promotion of the quality of education and •  Preservation of national identity and national

values

5

(MoE, 2013)

Basic Education Sector Administration Structure (Source: MOE, 2013)

6

7

Myanmar National Education Committee

Universities’ Central Council Council of Universities Academic Bodies Council

Ministry of Education Other Ministries

169 universities

Department of higher education (upper Myanmar)

Department of higher education (lower Myanmar)

Department of Myanmar Language Commission

University 19 Degree Colleges 1 Affiliated Departments 6 Teacher 3897 Student 223957

University 21 Degree Colleges 3 Teacher 5295 Student 206407

Higher Education Sector Administration Structure (Source: MOE, 2013)

No. Ministry No. of University

1. Education 68 2. Health 15 3. Science and Technology 62 4. Defense 6 5. Culture 2 6. Environmental Conservation and Forestry 1 7. Agriculture and Irrigation 1 8. Livestock, Fisheries and Rural Development 1 9. Co-operatives 5

10. Religious Affairs 3 11. Border Affairs 3 12. Transport 2

Total 169

8

Distribution of Universities and Colleges

Vision, goal and mission of higher education sector in Myanmar Vision:

Sustainable education system that will generate a learning society capable of developing knowledge-based economy

Goal: Ensuring and expanding social safety-net through well balanced education system

Mission: To provide public service through research, training and extension To create education system for the national human resources development which enables the professionals to provide leadership in different institutions and, in addition, supply science and technology and contribute to national and regional growth and development

9

Gap/Challenges of Education for HRD •  Pedagogy/ Curriculum and syllabus •  Teachers’ attitude •  Acquisition of Knowledge •  Education for educators •  Quality educators •  Capital investment for physical and intellectual •  Governance and Management •  Equity and Diversity •  Students’ motivation •  Parental guidance •  Job market •  Improved organizational set up •  Improved institutional practices

10

Education is the deliberate and systematic influence exerted by the mature person upon the immature, through instruction, discipline, and harmonious development of physical, intellectual, aesthetic, social and spiritual powers of the human beings.

(Erwin, 1991)

11

Education for Human Resource Development

Societal value addition

Improved social capital value

Human capital

Human development

Education

12

Education based development model

Expected core values in the future higher education for Myanmar

ü  Sustainability ü  Excellence ü  Science and Innovation ü  Learner-centered ü  Development driver and nation builder ü  Public service

13

Impact Points for Education Development Promoting Accessibility

Empowering Rural Society

Market-oriented Education System

International Engagement

Political and Economic Capacity

Initiative Maximization

Lifelong Learning

Educational Research for Development

Public Private Partnership

Sustainable Education Development

14

Development perspectives in education sector

Preschool Education

Basic Education

Higher Education

Vocational Education

Adult Education

Rural Education

Lifelong Education

Remote and Distant

Education

User-oriented

Education

Education Sector

Development

15

Education Gap

Knowledge Gap

Intellectual Gap

Economic Gap

Social Conflict

Current scenario in society

16

No. Department M.Sc holders Ph.D holders Total

1 Department of Agriculture 43 28 71 2 Department of Industrial Crops Development 28 8 36 3 Department of Agricultural Research 18 15 33 4 Department of Agricultural Planning 16 4 20 5 Irrigation Development 15 4 19 6 Yezin Agricultural University 14 39 53 7 Settlement and Land Record Department 10 1 11 8 Water Resource Department 7 - 7 9 Farm Mechanization Department 2 - 2 10 Myanma Agricultural Development Bank 2 - 2

  Total 155 99 254

Number of Agricultural Professionals trained abroad (as of October, 2013)

Provision of incentive career to professionals is needed.

17

Key messages for education sector development

•  Mainstreaming and streamlining •  Prioritization •  Skill building •  Good institutional practices and culture •  Improved interconnectivity •  Well formulated investment strategies •  Sustained political will and supports •  Engagement with stakeholders •  Mindset changes •  Emerging national comprehensive educational development plan •  Professional career planning

18

Urgent needs •  Full organizational strength of education

institutions •  Curriculum review and reform for demand side •  Development of campus as well as teaching and

learning environment •  SWOT analysis and road mapping •  Equity and Diversity in access to education •  Prioritization and Participatory university

comprehensive development plan and bottom up exercise

•  University management reform •  Staff development; leadership and management •  Strengthening and effective use of IT in degree and

non-degree training programs •  Linking to industry •  Investment strategies

19

Thank You

20