Editorial Therapeutic Use of Extraembryonic-Derived...
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Editorial Therapeutic Use of Extraembryonic-Derived Tissues Michael Uhlin , 1,2,3 Mohamed Abumaree, 4,5 and Essam M. Abdelalim 6 1 Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden 2 Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden 3 Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden 4 Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, and Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia 5 College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, and Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia 6 Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar Correspondence should be addressed to Michael Uhlin; [email protected] Received 16 January 2018; Accepted 16 January 2018; Published 13 June 2018 Copyright © 2018 Michael Uhlin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Instead as being seen as medical waste, umbilical cord blood (UCB), placenta-derived cells, and other extraembryonic tissue are increasingly accepted as a high-quality source of cells for therapeutic use. The best-known application is the transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCT), while UCB has become an increasingly important graft source since UCB transplantation (UCBT) has been implemented in the last 3 decades. Recently, UCB, placenta, and extraembryonic-derived cells and tissues have been also investigated as a source for adoptive cell therapy. The nonhematopoietic stem cell types in UCB as well as placenta-derived and extraembryonic cells and tissues include several types that can be used therapeutically and are readily expanded to sufficient numbers using established methods. Most notable of these are mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and endothelial-like vascular progenitors (EPCs). To compli- cate it further, MSCs from different sources of the placenta seem to have very different properties. To even further potentiate the use of extraembryonic- derived tissues for therapy, the sources have to be elaborately characterized. In this special edition, the potential use for this kind of tissues in this was highlighted in several cases illus- trating its role in future regenerative medicine. Examples of papers are published in this special edition. Endometriosis is characterized by the growth of the endometrium outside the uterus, mainly in the pelvic cavity. The pathophysiology of the endometriosis is still not completely understood. Previous reports suggested that there are several factors contributing to the pathogenesis of endo- metriosis, such as decreased immunosurveillance in the pelvic cavity and stem cells. There is a stem cell theory assuming that because of the retrograde menstruation, mesenchymal stro- mal cells (MSCs) present ectopically in the pelvic cavity. In this special issue, A. Fawaz et al. published a manuscript in which they provide characterization of the functional phenotype of MSCs in ectopic and eutopic endometria isolated from women with endometriosis. They examined whether the stromal cells of endometriotic ovarian cysts (ESCcyst) and endometrium (ESCendo) have a MSC phenotype. Interest- ingly, they showed that stromal cells from both ESCcyst and ESCendo have MSC characteristics and were able to differen- tiate into other cells, such as adipocytes and osteoblasts. It has been reported that MSCs have an immunosuppressive pheno- type and express immunosuppressive molecules under increased inflammatory conditions. However, under low level of inflammation, they have an immunostimulatory phenotype and express high levels of proinflammatory cytokines. A. Fawaz et al. found that ESCcyst have more immunosuppressive Hindawi Stem Cells International Volume 2018, Article ID 6082698, 2 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6082698
Transcript of Editorial Therapeutic Use of Extraembryonic-Derived...
EditorialTherapeutic Use of Extraembryonic-Derived Tissues
Michael Uhlin ,1,2,3 Mohamed Abumaree,4,5 and Essam M. Abdelalim6
1Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden2Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden3Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden4Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz MedicalCity, and Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia5College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City,and Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia6Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Education City,Doha, Qatar
Correspondence should be addressed to Michael Uhlin; [email protected]
Received 16 January 2018; Accepted 16 January 2018; Published 13 June 2018
Copyright © 2018 Michael Uhlin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Instead as being seen as medical waste, umbilical cord blood(UCB), placenta-derived cells, and other extraembryonictissue are increasingly accepted as a high-quality source ofcells for therapeutic use. The best-known application is thetransplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCT), whileUCB has become an increasingly important graft sourcesince UCB transplantation (UCBT) has been implementedin the last 3 decades. Recently, UCB, placenta, andextraembryonic-derived cells and tissues have been alsoinvestigated as a source for adoptive cell therapy.
The nonhematopoietic stem cell types in UCB as well asplacenta-derived and extraembryonic cells and tissues includeseveral types that can be used therapeutically and are readilyexpanded to sufficient numbers using established methods.Most notable of these are mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)and endothelial-like vascular progenitors (EPCs). To compli-cate it further, MSCs from different sources of the placentaseem to have very different properties.
To even further potentiate the use of extraembryonic-derived tissues for therapy, the sources have to be elaboratelycharacterized. In this special edition, the potential use for thiskind of tissues in this was highlighted in several cases illus-trating its role in future regenerative medicine. Examples ofpapers are published in this special edition.
Endometriosis is characterized by the growth of theendometrium outside the uterus, mainly in the pelvic cavity.The pathophysiology of the endometriosis is still notcompletely understood. Previous reports suggested that thereare several factors contributing to the pathogenesis of endo-metriosis, such as decreased immunosurveillance in the pelviccavity and stem cells. There is a stem cell theory assuming thatbecause of the retrograde menstruation, mesenchymal stro-mal cells (MSCs) present ectopically in the pelvic cavity. In thisspecial issue, A. Fawaz et al. published a manuscript in whichthey provide characterization of the functional phenotype ofMSCs in ectopic and eutopic endometria isolated fromwomen with endometriosis. They examined whether thestromal cells of endometriotic ovarian cysts (ESCcyst) andendometrium (ESCendo) have a MSC phenotype. Interest-ingly, they showed that stromal cells from both ESCcyst andESCendo have MSC characteristics and were able to differen-tiate into other cells, such as adipocytes and osteoblasts. It hasbeen reported thatMSCs have an immunosuppressive pheno-type and express immunosuppressive molecules underincreased inflammatory conditions. However, under low levelof inflammation, they have an immunostimulatory phenotypeand express high levels of proinflammatory cytokines. A. Fawazet al. found that ESCcyst have more immunosuppressive
HindawiStem Cells InternationalVolume 2018, Article ID 6082698, 2 pageshttps://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6082698
characteristics than does ESCendo. Results published in thisarticle suggested that the ESCcyst-immunosuppressive phe-notype enhances immunosuppressive M2 macrophage, lead-ing to a reduction in the immunosurveillance of ectopiclesions enhancing the growth of ESCcyst. This data supportsthe stem cell theory and the retrograde menstruation. In thisspecial issue, another article has been published by the samegroup. In this article, they investigated the influence of allo-geneic MSCs on cells isolated from endometriosis in vitro.Allogeneic MSCs were isolated from adipose tissue (Ad-MSC), and stromal cells were isolated from ESCendo andESCcyst from women with endometriosis. They showed thatAd-MSCs enhance the proliferation, survival, and adhesionof ESC. Furthermore, ESCcyst migration was increased byAd-MSCs. This article recommends that allogeneic Ad-MSCsare not suitable for therapeutic purposes of the endometriosiswith ESCcyst, because they increase the growth and survivalof ectopic endometrial tissue.
The placenta is rich with different types of cells andextracts that can be used for therapeutic approaches. In thisspecial issue, O. Pogozhykh et al. published an interestingreview article summarizing the types of placental derivativesand their applications in regenerative medicine. These typesinclude cord blood cells, placental extracts, cord blood serum,isolated placental cells, amniotic and chorionic membranes,placental tissues, and amniotic fluid. The review providesinformation about the biobanking of placental components.Detailed information about the current clinical trial usingplacental derivatives is described in this review.
A Marmotti et al. described a method for isolation andexpansion of UC-derived MSCs that were later successfullydifferentiated into chondrocytes. Their results would in thefuture potentially open the possibility to deliver anon-demand allogeneic population of cells for cartilage repairand bone regeneration.
Acknowledgments
The Editors would like to thank all the authors and reviewersfor their excellent contributions.
Michael UhlinMohamed AbumareeEssam M. Abdelalim
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