Editorial Skin Regeneration, Repair, and...
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Editorial Skin Regeneration, Repair, and Reconstruction Lars-Peter Kamolz, 1 May Griffith, 2 Celeste Finnerty, 3 and Cornelia Kasper 4 1 Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria 2 Link¨ oping University, 581 83 Link¨ oping, Sweden 3 University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA 4 University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria Correspondence should be addressed to Lars-Peter Kamolz; [email protected] Received 31 May 2015; Accepted 1 June 2015 Copyright © 2015 Lars-Peter Kamolz et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Skin has important functions in several life-preserving pro- cesses such as hydration, protection against chemicals and pathogens, and heat regulation. Severe damage to the skin may therefore be life-threat- ening. Skin regeneration and wound healing require an orchestrated integration of complex biological and molec- ular events, which include inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Despite the current use and availability of a wide array of wound dressings, ointments, and medical devices, wound healing still remains a clinical challenge, especially in the elderly, in diabetic patients, in heavy smokers, or in burned patients, because the time-consuming conservative wound management is mainly restricted to wound repair rather than restitution of the tissue integrity. erefore, there is a continued search towards more efficacious wound therapies to reduce health care burden and provide patients with long-term relief and ultimately scarless wound healing, because such wounds and defects if not treated effectively eventually end up in amputations or disfiguring scars termed as hypertrophic scars and keloids, because surgical procedures such as local or free flaps go along with limited donor site availability and require stable general health condition of the patients. erefore, there is a need of new strategies to promote wound healing and tissue repair. When talking of wound healing, a distinction is made between regeneration and repair. Regeneration is used to refer to the complete replace- ment of damaged tissue with new tissue not associated with scar tissue, while repair is used to refer to the reestablishment of tissue continuity. Regeneration can be attained by two means: (i) restoration, defined as “putting together what is bro- ken,” (ii) reconstruction, defined as “replacing and rebuilding what is torn down.” To grant homeostasis, most tissues undergo continuous or cyclic processes of “degeneration” and regeneration. is special issue presents and compares different aspects of regeneration, repair, and reconstruction. By discussing the common traits and the specific features of regeneration, we propose general models of regeneration and highlight various strategies adopted to cope with damage and repair. Lars-Peter Kamolz May Griffith Celeste Finnerty Cornelia Kasper Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2015, Article ID 892031, 1 page http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/892031
Transcript of Editorial Skin Regeneration, Repair, and...
EditorialSkin Regeneration, Repair, and Reconstruction
Lars-Peter Kamolz,1 May Griffith,2 Celeste Finnerty,3 and Cornelia Kasper4
1Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria2Linkoping University, 581 83 Linkoping, Sweden3University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA4University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria
Correspondence should be addressed to Lars-Peter Kamolz; [email protected]
Received 31 May 2015; Accepted 1 June 2015
Copyright © 2015 Lars-Peter Kamolz et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons AttributionLicense, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properlycited.
Skin has important functions in several life-preserving pro-cesses such as hydration, protection against chemicals andpathogens, and heat regulation.
Severe damage to the skin may therefore be life-threat-ening. Skin regeneration and wound healing require anorchestrated integration of complex biological and molec-ular events, which include inflammation, proliferation, andremodeling. Despite the current use and availability of a widearray of wound dressings, ointments, and medical devices,wound healing still remains a clinical challenge, especiallyin the elderly, in diabetic patients, in heavy smokers, or inburned patients, because the time-consuming conservativewound management is mainly restricted to wound repairrather than restitution of the tissue integrity.
Therefore, there is a continued search towards moreefficacious wound therapies to reduce health care burdenand provide patients with long-term relief and ultimatelyscarless wound healing, because such wounds and defects ifnot treated effectively eventually end up in amputations ordisfiguring scars termed as hypertrophic scars and keloids,because surgical procedures such as local or free flaps goalong with limited donor site availability and require stablegeneral health condition of the patients.
Therefore, there is a need of new strategies to promotewound healing and tissue repair. When talking of woundhealing, a distinction is made between regeneration andrepair. Regeneration is used to refer to the complete replace-ment of damaged tissue with new tissue not associated withscar tissue, while repair is used to refer to the reestablishment
of tissue continuity. Regeneration can be attained by twomeans:
(i) restoration, defined as “putting together what is bro-ken,”
(ii) reconstruction, defined as “replacing and rebuildingwhat is torn down.”
To grant homeostasis, most tissues undergo continuous orcyclic processes of “degeneration” and regeneration. Thisspecial issue presents and compares different aspects ofregeneration, repair, and reconstruction. By discussing thecommon traits and the specific features of regeneration, wepropose generalmodels of regeneration and highlight variousstrategies adopted to cope with damage and repair.
Lars-Peter KamolzMay Griffith
Celeste FinnertyCornelia Kasper
Hindawi Publishing CorporationBioMed Research InternationalVolume 2015, Article ID 892031, 1 pagehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/892031
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