Editorial Nanostructural Biomaterials and Applications
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Editorial Nanostructural Biomaterials and Applications Mingdong Dong, 1 Lei Liu, 2 and Shuai Zhang 3 1 Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark 2 Institute for Advanced Materials, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China 3 Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Mingdong Dong; [email protected] Received 6 September 2016; Accepted 6 September 2016 Copyright © 2016 Mingdong Dong et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Nanostructure is the structure, at least one of whose dimen- sions is in nanoscale, normally between 0.1 nm and 100 nm. With the recent exciting progress of nanoscience and nan- otechnology, kinds of materials with nanostructures are being discovered and synthesized every day. As being one of the key subcatalogs, biomaterials with nanostructures are rapidly developing. e integration of nanostructures into biomaterials gives them unique structures and special and inspiring properties. Hence, a variety of nanostructural biomaterials have been applied in many aspects of daily life, like medical treatment and diagnosis. is field is still fast developing, and it has significant effects on improving our world. In this special issue, we collect three original works and two overviews from the researchers in ailand, China, Denmark, and Germany. ey present to people the promising applications of nanostructural biomaterials in tis- sue engineering, drug delivery, and disease diagnosis. ese works aim to inspire further researches and efforts focusing on biofunctionalized nanomaterials and the corresponding applications. S. Sirivisoot et al. in ailand and X. Deng et al. in China have provided two marvelous cases in bone-tissue engineer- ing with biological composite nanomaterials. S. Sirivisoot et al. (in “Improved Bonding Strength of Hydroxyapatite on Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Arrays following Alkaline Pretreatment for Orthopedic Implants”) have focused on introducing nanostructures on Ti implant, in order to influ- ence the further adsorbed hydroxyapatite (HA). ey used alkaline to pretreat titanium dioxide nanotubes (ATi) on Ti surface, which is of capability to accelerate the formation of HA layer on top and tune the orientation. e synthesized HA-ATi nanocomposite successfully mimics natural bone tissue and improves bioactivity of this type of orthopedic implants. at makes it a kind of new approach toward producing orthopedic implants with much longer functional life. Unlike S. Sirivisoot el al.’s focus, X. Deng et al. (in “Enhanced Stem Cell Osteogenic Differentiation by Bioac- tive Glass Functionalized Graphene Oxide Substrates”) put their efforts to manipulate stem cell osteogenesis, in order to regenerate bone tissue. ey utilized sol-gel method to synthesize graphene oxide (GO) and bioactive glasses (BG) hybrid scaffold. is new kind of biofunctional nanomaterial keeps the biological properties from the parents’ materials. e following cellular activity analysis provided promising evidence to demonstrate that the hybrid scaffold, with unique nanostructure and biological properties, is of capability to trigger osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. at is a positive sign for the potential application of GO hybrid materials in bone restoration. e hybrid nanomaterial could have medical applications other than the candidates for medical treatment. J. Liang et al. from China reported the usage of Au nanorod- (AuNR-) peptide hybrid for tumor diagnosis (in “Micro-CT Imaging of RGD-Conjugated Gold Nanorods Targeting Tumor In Vivo”). ey conjugated AuNRs with peptide RGD, which is a kind of receptor targeting some tumor cells and tumor neovasculature overexpressed Integrin V 3 . e conjugated nanoparticles eliminated the cytotoxicity of AuNRs, but they improve the ability to target tumor cells in vivo and in vitro. e micro-CT results also prove their feasibility to target tumor models. And the uptaken level of AuNRs-RGD Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Nanomaterials Volume 2016, Article ID 5903201, 2 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5903201
Transcript of Editorial Nanostructural Biomaterials and Applications
EditorialNanostructural Biomaterials and Applications
Mingdong Dong,1 Lei Liu,2 and Shuai Zhang3
1 Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark2Institute for Advanced Materials, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China3Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
Correspondence should be addressed to Mingdong Dong; [email protected]
Received 6 September 2016; Accepted 6 September 2016
Copyright © 2016 Mingdong Dong et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons AttributionLicense, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properlycited.
Nanostructure is the structure, at least one of whose dimen-sions is in nanoscale, normally between 0.1 nm and 100 nm.With the recent exciting progress of nanoscience and nan-otechnology, kinds of materials with nanostructures arebeing discovered and synthesized every day. As being oneof the key subcatalogs, biomaterials with nanostructuresare rapidly developing. The integration of nanostructuresinto biomaterials gives them unique structures and specialand inspiring properties. Hence, a variety of nanostructuralbiomaterials have been applied in many aspects of dailylife, like medical treatment and diagnosis. This field is stillfast developing, and it has significant effects on improvingour world. In this special issue, we collect three originalworks and two overviews from the researchers in Thailand,China, Denmark, and Germany. They present to people thepromising applications of nanostructural biomaterials in tis-sue engineering, drug delivery, and disease diagnosis. Theseworks aim to inspire further researches and efforts focusingon biofunctionalized nanomaterials and the correspondingapplications.
S. Sirivisoot et al. inThailand and X. Deng et al. in Chinahave provided two marvelous cases in bone-tissue engineer-ing with biological composite nanomaterials. S. Sirivisootet al. (in “Improved Bonding Strength of Hydroxyapatiteon Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Arrays following AlkalinePretreatment for Orthopedic Implants”) have focused onintroducing nanostructures on Ti implant, in order to influ-ence the further adsorbed hydroxyapatite (HA). They usedalkaline to pretreat titanium dioxide nanotubes (ATi) on Tisurface, which is of capability to accelerate the formation ofHA layer on top and tune the orientation. The synthesized
HA-ATi nanocomposite successfully mimics natural bonetissue and improves bioactivity of this type of orthopedicimplants. That makes it a kind of new approach towardproducing orthopedic implants with much longer functionallife.
Unlike S. Sirivisoot el al.’s focus, X. Deng et al. (in“Enhanced Stem Cell Osteogenic Differentiation by Bioac-tive Glass Functionalized Graphene Oxide Substrates”) puttheir efforts to manipulate stem cell osteogenesis, in orderto regenerate bone tissue. They utilized sol-gel method tosynthesize graphene oxide (GO) and bioactive glasses (BG)hybrid scaffold.This new kind of biofunctional nanomaterialkeeps the biological properties from the parents’ materials.The following cellular activity analysis provided promisingevidence to demonstrate that the hybrid scaffold, with uniquenanostructure and biological properties, is of capability totrigger osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.That is a positive sign for the potential application of GOhybrid materials in bone restoration.
The hybrid nanomaterial could havemedical applicationsother than the candidates for medical treatment. J. Liang etal. from China reported the usage of Au nanorod- (AuNR-)peptide hybrid for tumor diagnosis (in “Micro-CT Imagingof RGD-Conjugated Gold Nanorods Targeting Tumor InVivo”). They conjugated AuNRs with peptide RGD, whichis a kind of receptor targeting some tumor cells and tumorneovasculature overexpressed Integrin 𝛼V𝛽3. The conjugatednanoparticles eliminated the cytotoxicity of AuNRs, but theyimprove the ability to target tumor cells in vivo and invitro. The micro-CT results also prove their feasibility totarget tumor models. And the uptaken level of AuNRs-RGD
Hindawi Publishing CorporationJournal of NanomaterialsVolume 2016, Article ID 5903201, 2 pageshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5903201
2 Journal of Nanomaterials
nanoparticles is determined by the expression level of Inte-grin 𝛼V𝛽3 from tumor cells. All of the mentioned advantagesgive the authors a kind of promising candidate to diagnosetumors via micro-CT.
In other researches, hybrid nanoparticles have been usedas nanocarriers to deliver drugs. T. Scheper et al. from Ger-many introduced and reviewed the application of noisomeas nanodrug carriers. Noisome is self-associated by nonionicsurfactants and cholesterol; and people have proved that it hasseveral key advantages to deliver drugs, like biocompatibility,high stability in creature bodies, and feasibility to targetspecific site by controlled manner.The authors systematicallyintroduced the structure and component of noisome. Theyfurther summarized the available methods to prepare andcharacterize noisome nanocarriers. In the end, the recentapplications of noisome in drug delivery as nanocarrierswere reviewed. We believe both academic researcher andtherapeutic engineers will be inspired from this detailedreview.
In nanoscience and nanotechnology, developing thetechniques to characterize and evaluate nanostructures andnanomaterials is of the same importance as their fabricationand synthesis, and corresponding applications. M. Dongand his colleagues from Denmark, Germany, and Chinareviewed the applications of atomic force microscopy (AFM)and AFM based single-molecular force spectroscopy (AFM-SMFS) to characterize inter- and intramolecular interactionsof amyloid self-assembly nanofibril, in order to understandthe mechanism of amyloidogenesis on nanoscale. Besides,they also introduced the idea to consider amyloid fibrils asnanomaterials, due to the outstanding mechanical propertiesand the corresponding potentials.This reviewwill also inspirethe readers from the relevant fields of AFM and AFM-SMFSto characterize and evaluate other kinds of biofunctionalizednanomaterials.
In summary, all these authors present the feasibility ofnanostructural biomaterials in a number of aspects andseveral promising bioapplications. They convince people ofthe attractive future of biofunctional nanomaterials in dailylife, especially inmedical related fields. Hopefully, this specialissue will inspire the ideas to synthesize new biofunctional-ized nanomaterials and the corresponding applications. Wewish that it also raises people’s enthusiastic efforts in relatedresearches.
Mingdong DongLei Liu
Shuai Zhang
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