Editorial Inflammation, Immunity, and Cancerdownloads.hindawi.com/journals/mi/2017/6027305.pdf ·...
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Editorial Inflammation, Immunity, and Cancer Rajesh Singh, 1 Manoj Kumar Mishra, 2 and Himanshu Aggarwal 3 1 Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA 2 Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA 3 University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Rajesh Singh; [email protected] Received 17 September 2017; Accepted 17 September 2017; Published 6 November 2017 Copyright © 2017 Rajesh Singh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Inflammation involves interaction between various immune cells, inflammatory cells, chemokines, cytokines, and pro- inflammatory mediators. It also plays a decisive role at dif- ferent stages of tumor development, including initiation, promotion, malignant conversion, invasion, and metasta- sis. In this special issue, we invited few articles to address the issues. One of the papers of this special issue addresses the role of proinflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Proinflammatory path- ways include several genes that promote tumorigenesis by inducing the production of inflammatory mediators, which provides some promising targets for prevention and ther- apy. Another paper describes recent advancements in the development of immunotherapies for melanoma, with a specific focus on the identification of neoantigens for the prediction of their elicited immune responses. This paper is expected to provide important insights into the future of immunotherapy for melanoma. In one paper, on patch- ouli oil, of which an unknown compound identified as patchoulene epoxide (PAO) was found only in the long- stored oil, whose biological activity still remains unknown. Three experimental models were employed to demonstrate that PAO had potent anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. PAO exerted anti-inflammatory activity not only by modu- lating the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines but also by inhibiting iNOS and COX-2 activation via blocking the NF-κB signaling pathway. Based on these results, PAO may serve as a potentially useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, and it is worthwhile to explore other possible pharmacological effects of PAO. Another paper showed the Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts (MBHA) are a novel group of synthetic molecules that act as anti-inflammatory by modulating inflammatory mediator expression in RAW264.7 macrophages and ade- nocarcinoma colorectal human HT-29 cells. Another paper discusses osteopontin (OPN) appears to be a key determi- nant of the crosstalk between cancer cells and the host micro- environment, which in turn modulates immune evasion and describe the role of systemic, tumor-derived and stroma- derived OPN, highlighting its pivotal role at the crossroads of inflammation and tumor progression. Another paper discusses the role of major cytokines and growth factors involved in the endocrine dysfunction of plasma cell disor- ders. The correction of endocrine dysfunction could thus be beneficial for both the amelioration of cytokine profile and the normalization of hormonal feedback mechanisms. And finally, one of the papers of this special issue is on new treat- ment approach of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This paper discusses the current status of treating HCC and the effective strategy of oncolytic virus-based immunotherapy for the treatment of HCCs. Oncolytic virotherapy is using oncolytic viruses, which selectively infect and kill cancer cells. In order to enhance immunity against cancer cells, genes elevating oncoimmunity have been engineered within the oncolytic virus. Moreover, a genetically engineered oncolytic virus with mAbs can be generated for advancement treat- ment in HCC models. Development of biomarker to monitor the treatment outcomes and toxicities would be very helpful in the translational medicinal research. Rajesh Singh Manoj Kumar Mishra Himanshu Aggarwal Hindawi Mediators of Inflammation Volume 2017, Article ID 6027305, 1 page https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6027305
Transcript of Editorial Inflammation, Immunity, and Cancerdownloads.hindawi.com/journals/mi/2017/6027305.pdf ·...
EditorialInflammation, Immunity, and Cancer
Rajesh Singh,1 Manoj Kumar Mishra,2 and Himanshu Aggarwal3
1Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA2Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA3University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
Correspondence should be addressed to Rajesh Singh; [email protected]
Received 17 September 2017; Accepted 17 September 2017; Published 6 November 2017
Copyright © 2017 Rajesh Singh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Inflammation involves interaction between various immunecells, inflammatory cells, chemokines, cytokines, and pro-inflammatory mediators. It also plays a decisive role at dif-ferent stages of tumor development, including initiation,promotion, malignant conversion, invasion, and metasta-sis. In this special issue, we invited few articles to addressthe issues.
One of the papers of this special issue addresses therole of proinflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis ofcolitis-associated colorectal cancer. Proinflammatory path-ways include several genes that promote tumorigenesis byinducing the production of inflammatory mediators, whichprovides some promising targets for prevention and ther-apy. Another paper describes recent advancements in thedevelopment of immunotherapies for melanoma, with aspecific focus on the identification of neoantigens for theprediction of their elicited immune responses. This paperis expected to provide important insights into the futureof immunotherapy for melanoma. In one paper, on patch-ouli oil, of which an unknown compound identified aspatchoulene epoxide (PAO) was found only in the long-stored oil, whose biological activity still remains unknown.Three experimental models were employed to demonstratethat PAO had potent anti-inflammatory activity in vivo.PAO exerted anti-inflammatory activity not only by modu-lating the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines but also byinhibiting iNOS and COX-2 activation via blocking theNF-κB signaling pathway. Based on these results, PAOmay serve as a potentially useful therapeutic agent for thetreatment of inflammatory diseases, and it is worthwhileto explore other possible pharmacological effects of PAO.Another paper showed the Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts
(MBHA) are a novel group of synthetic molecules thatact as anti-inflammatory by modulating inflammatorymediator expression in RAW264.7 macrophages and ade-nocarcinoma colorectal human HT-29 cells. Another paperdiscusses osteopontin (OPN) appears to be a key determi-nant of the crosstalk between cancer cells and the host micro-environment, which in turn modulates immune evasion anddescribe the role of systemic, tumor-derived and stroma-derived OPN, highlighting its pivotal role at the crossroadsof inflammation and tumor progression. Another paperdiscusses the role of major cytokines and growth factorsinvolved in the endocrine dysfunction of plasma cell disor-ders. The correction of endocrine dysfunction could thus bebeneficial for both the amelioration of cytokine profile andthe normalization of hormonal feedback mechanisms. Andfinally, one of the papers of this special issue is on new treat-ment approach of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thispaper discusses the current status of treating HCC and theeffective strategy of oncolytic virus-based immunotherapyfor the treatment of HCCs. Oncolytic virotherapy is usingoncolytic viruses, which selectively infect and kill cancer cells.In order to enhance immunity against cancer cells, geneselevating oncoimmunity have been engineered within theoncolytic virus. Moreover, a genetically engineered oncolyticvirus with mAbs can be generated for advancement treat-ment in HCCmodels. Development of biomarker to monitorthe treatment outcomes and toxicities would be very helpfulin the translational medicinal research.
Rajesh SinghManoj Kumar MishraHimanshu Aggarwal
HindawiMediators of InflammationVolume 2017, Article ID 6027305, 1 pagehttps://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6027305
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