Editorial Geochemistry of Aquatic Sediments
Transcript of Editorial Geochemistry of Aquatic Sediments
EditorialGeochemistry of Aquatic Sediments
Stanislav FranIiškoviT-Bilinski,1 Marc Schwientek,2 and Amir Sandler3
1Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Institute “Ruđer Boskovic”, P.O. Box 180, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia2Center of Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen, Holderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tubingen, Germany3Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhe Israel St, 95501 Jerusalem, Israel
Correspondence should be addressed to Stanislav Franciskovic-Bilinski; [email protected]
Received 9 November 2016; Accepted 9 November 2016; Published 10 January 2017
Copyright © 2017 Stanislav Franciskovic-Bilinski et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative CommonsAttribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work isproperly cited.
The type and composition of freshwater and marine sedi-ments are key factors in environmental research of (a) naturalprocesses such as sediment transport and accumulation,biodiversity, and biogeochemical reactions within sedimentsand (b) evaluation of source and progress of contamination,as aquatic sediments act as a sink for nonorganic and organictoxic substances. Above certain levels, such substances couldharm biological diversity and human health. Geochemicalinvestigations of aquatic sediments in fluvial, lacustrine,estuarine, and marine environments are of fundamentalinterest for the assessment of natural ecosystems and thelevel of pollution that potentially harms them.Detailed deter-mination of the chemical constituents of aquatic sedimentsassists in detecting sources of pollution as sewage, industry,agriculture, abandoned and active mines, landfills, harboractivities, and oil drilling [leakage]. In addition, naturalanomalies may indicate mineral resources in a particularregion.
New methods and approaches for sampling and analy-sis are continuously being introduced in aquatic sedimentresearch. More attention is given to qualitative and quanti-tative monitoring of sediment and sediment fluxes, whichis regularly established in most European countries andmany others worldwide. Unfortunately, uniform legislationof sediment quality [and load] still does not exist on aninternational level and in most countries does not existeven on the national level. Therefore, more attention shouldbe given to further expansion of sediment monitoring andof establishing criteria for assessing sediment quality andlegislative for toxic inorganic and organic pollutants.
The aim of this special issue is to present up-to-datestudies on aquatic sediments from different environmentsin different parts of the world. Six of the seven selectedpapers deal with different aspects, mostly various pollutants,present in terrestrial aquatic sediments, whereas one of themfocusses on marine sediments. In one of the papers of thisspecial issue, L. Kalender and G. Aytimur address rare earthelements (REE) geochemistry of the Euphrates River, Turkey.This paper presents REE concentrations for the first time,along with source rock composition of the Euphrates Riversediments and waters and provides a significant contributionfor a better understanding of REE behavior in river sedi-ments. The paper of W. Jingfu et al. deals with sulfur (S)speciation in the surface sediments of lakes from differentregions of China, using S K-Edge XANES spectroscopy,which has unique advantages in morphological analysis of Sin sediments. M. Nasr and P. A. Arp investigate mercury andorganic matter concentrations in lake and stream sedimentsacross Canada. Their most significant finding is that lakeand stream sediments enriched with organic matter are moresensitive to atmospheric Hg deposition than sediments withno to little organic matter content. In their research articleJ. He et al. demonstrate how composition and distributioncharacteristics of n-alkanes inmarine sediments may be usedto indicate the n-alkanes’ origin, sedimentation conditions,and the impact of microbial degradation. M. Cangemi etal. present geochemical and isotopic characteristics of actuallacustrine sediments from the hydrothermal lake Specchio diVenere on Pantelleria Island, Italy. The novel data from theirresearch about major, minor, and trace elements and isotopic
HindawiJournal of ChemistryVolume 2017, Article ID 3486813, 2 pageshttps://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3486813
2 Journal of Chemistry
composition (carbonate phases) of these sediments give newinsights into the different factors contributing to the chemicalsedimentation into the lake. P. S. Loh et al. investigatesedimentary organic matter and phosphate along the KapuasRiver in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, which is the world’slongest river on an island. They find that phytoplanktonblooms and high organic matter (OM) decomposition ratesmost likely occurred along the downstream Kapuas Riverwhere the sedimentaryOMwas fresher andmore bioavailableand the P level was the highest. In another article of thisspecial issue,D.M. Prieto et al. acquaint uswith their researchon arsenic transfer from As-rich sediments to river waterin the presence of biofilms. They contribute to the overallknowledge of the role of biofilms in As biogeochemistry inriverine systems.
Considering the current special issue we think theselected articles offer an ideal opportunity to update ourknowledge on different aspects of geochemistry of aquaticsediments.
Stanislav Franciskovic-BilinskiMarc Schwientek
Amir Sandler
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