Editorial Biotechnology and Green Chemistrydownloads.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/590586.pdf ·...
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Editorial Biotechnology and Green Chemistry Bernardo Dias Ribeiro, 1 Isabel Marrucho, 2 Luciana Gonçalves, 3 and Maria Alice Z. Coelho 1 1 Escola de Qu´ ımica, Universidade Federal Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 2 Instituto de Tecnologia Qu´ ımica e Biol´ ogica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal 3 Departamento de Engenharia Qu´ ımica, Universidade Federal do Cear´ a, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil Correspondence should be addressed to Maria Alice Z. Coelho; [email protected] Received 5 January 2014; Accepted 5 January 2014; Published 12 March 2014 Copyright © 2014 Bernardo Dias Ribeiro et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. White biotechnology can be regarded as applied biocatalysis, with enzymes and microorganisms, aiming at industrial production of bulk and fine chemicals to food and animal feed additives. In its turn biocatalysis has many attractive features in the context of greenchemistry: mild reaction con- ditions (physiological pH and temperature); environmentally compatible catalysts and solvent (oſten water) combined with high activities; and chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivities in multifunctional molecules. is affords processes which are shorter, generate less waste, and are, therefore, both environ- mentally and economically more attractive than conventional routes. is special issue includes aspects involving the use of white biotechnology (enzymes, microorganisms, and plant tissues) within the green chemistry concept, concerning the use of alternative solvents (supercritical fluids, pressurized gases, ionic liquids, and micellar systems) and energies (microwaves and ultrasound); sustainable approaches for production of fine and bulk chemicals (aromas, polymers, pharmaceuticals, and enzymes); use of renewable resources or agroindustrial residues; biocatalysts recycling; and waste minimization. is special issue contains six papers, where three are related to green synthesis of nanoparticles and one paper covers biological pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis and bioethanol production. Two papers regard the use of alterna- tive reaction systems. In the first paper entitled “Green syn- thesis of silver nanoparticles using Pinus eldarica bark extract,” S. Iravani and B. Zolfaghari present the optimization of the biosynthesis production of silver nanoparticles through the evaluation of Pinus eldarica bark extract quantity, substrate concentration, temperature, and pH on the formation of such material. e preparation of nanostructured silver particles using P. eldarica bark extract provides an environmentally friendly option, as compared to currently available chemical and/or physical methods. e second paper, “Green and rapid synthesis of anti- cancerous silver nanoparticles by Saccharomyces boulardii and insight into mechanism of nanoparticle synthesis,” by A. Kaler et al. describes an ecofriendly method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by cell free extract (CFE) of Sac- charomyces boulardii. In addition to the optimization of rel- evant synthesis parameters as culture age, cell mass concen- tration, temperature, and reaction time, the paper presents particles characterization by UV-Visible spectroscopy, EDX (energy dispersive X-Rays) analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and zeta potential, as well as the elucidation of proteins/peptides role in nanoparticles formation and stability and their anticancer activity. e method therein described a method that does not require tedious down- stream processing and it may be scaled up to develop a viable technology for the Ag-nanoparticle synthesis. In the third paper, “Biosynthesis, antimicrobial and cyto- toxic effect of silver nanoparticles using a novel Nocardiopsis sp. MBRC-1,” P. Manivasagan et al. present another green approach for biosynthesis of nanoparticles using the culture supernatant of Nocardiopsis sp. MBRC-1 to achieve the reduc- tion of silver ions from a silver nitrate solution. e obtained nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible, TEM, FE- SEM, EDX, FTIR, and XRD spectroscopy. e prepared silver nanoparticles exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. Cytotoxicity of biosynthesized AgNPs Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2014, Article ID 590586, 2 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/590586
Transcript of Editorial Biotechnology and Green Chemistrydownloads.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/590586.pdf ·...
EditorialBiotechnology and Green Chemistry
Bernardo Dias Ribeiro,1 Isabel Marrucho,2 Luciana Gonçalves,3 and Maria Alice Z. Coelho1
1 Escola de Quımica, Universidade Federal Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil2 Instituto de Tecnologia Quımica e Biologica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal3 Departamento de Engenharia Quımica, Universidade Federal do Ceara, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
Correspondence should be addressed to Maria Alice Z. Coelho; [email protected]
Received 5 January 2014; Accepted 5 January 2014; Published 12 March 2014
Copyright © 2014 Bernardo Dias Ribeiro et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons AttributionLicense, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properlycited.
White biotechnology can be regarded as applied biocatalysis,with enzymes and microorganisms, aiming at industrialproduction of bulk and fine chemicals to food and animalfeed additives. In its turn biocatalysis has many attractivefeatures in the context of greenchemistry: mild reaction con-ditions (physiological pH and temperature); environmentallycompatible catalysts and solvent (often water) combined withhigh activities; and chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivities inmultifunctional molecules. This affords processes which areshorter, generate less waste, and are, therefore, both environ-mentally and economicallymore attractive than conventionalroutes.
This special issue includes aspects involving the use ofwhite biotechnology (enzymes, microorganisms, and planttissues) within the green chemistry concept, concerning theuse of alternative solvents (supercritical fluids, pressurizedgases, ionic liquids, and micellar systems) and energies(microwaves and ultrasound); sustainable approaches forproduction of fine and bulk chemicals (aromas, polymers,pharmaceuticals, and enzymes); use of renewable resourcesor agroindustrial residues; biocatalysts recycling; and wasteminimization.
This special issue contains six papers, where three arerelated to green synthesis of nanoparticles and one papercovers biological pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis andbioethanol production. Two papers regard the use of alterna-tive reaction systems. In the first paper entitled “Green syn-thesis of silver nanoparticles using Pinus eldarica bark extract,”S. Iravani and B. Zolfaghari present the optimization of thebiosynthesis production of silver nanoparticles through theevaluation of Pinus eldarica bark extract quantity, substrate
concentration, temperature, and pH on the formation of suchmaterial. The preparation of nanostructured silver particlesusing P. eldarica bark extract provides an environmentallyfriendly option, as compared to currently available chemicaland/or physical methods.
The second paper, “Green and rapid synthesis of anti-cancerous silver nanoparticles by Saccharomyces boulardii andinsight into mechanism of nanoparticle synthesis,” by A. Kaleret al. describes an ecofriendly method for the synthesis ofsilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by cell free extract (CFE) of Sac-charomyces boulardii. In addition to the optimization of rel-evant synthesis parameters as culture age, cell mass concen-tration, temperature, and reaction time, the paper presentsparticles characterization by UV-Visible spectroscopy, EDX(energy dispersive X-Rays) analysis, transmission electronmicroscopy, and zeta potential, as well as the elucidationof proteins/peptides role in nanoparticles formation andstability and their anticancer activity. The method thereindescribed a method that does not require tedious down-stream processing and it may be scaled up to develop a viabletechnology for the Ag-nanoparticle synthesis.
In the third paper, “Biosynthesis, antimicrobial and cyto-toxic effect of silver nanoparticles using a novel Nocardiopsissp. MBRC-1,” P. Manivasagan et al. present another greenapproach for biosynthesis of nanoparticles using the culturesupernatant ofNocardiopsis sp.MBRC-1 to achieve the reduc-tion of silver ions from a silver nitrate solution. The obtainednanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible, TEM, FE-SEM, EDX, FTIR, andXRD spectroscopy.The prepared silvernanoparticles exhibited strong antimicrobial activity againstbacteria and fungi. Cytotoxicity of biosynthesized AgNPs
Hindawi Publishing CorporationBioMed Research InternationalVolume 2014, Article ID 590586, 2 pageshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/590586
2 BioMed Research International
against in vitrohuman cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) showeda dose-response activity.
In the fourth paper, “Biological pretreatment of rubber-woodwithCeriporiopsis subvermispora for Enzymatic hydroly-sis and bioethanol production,” F.Nazarpour et al. investigate anovel feedstock for enzymatic hydrolysis and bioethanol pro-duction using biological pretreatment: rubberwood (Heveabrasiliensis). To improve ethanol production, rubberwoodwas pretreated with white rot fungus Ceriporiopsis sub-vermispora to increase fermentation efficiency. The fungalpretreatment provides a cost-effective method for reducingthe recalcitrance of rubberwoodwith high selectivity of lignindegradation rate and minimal cellulose loss for enzymatichydrolysis and bioethanol production.
In the fifth paper, the research of G. D. Yadav and S.Devendran entitled “Microwave assisted enzymatic kineticresolution of (±)-1-phenyl-2-propyn-1-ol in non-aqueousmedia,” proposes a kinetic resolution of 1-phenyl-2-propyn-1-ol, an important chiral synthon, through esterificationwith acyl acetate. The authors investigate synergismbetween microwave irradiation and enzyme catalysis. Thelipase (Novozym 435) catalyzed kinetic resolution undermicrowave irradiation. The maximum conversion of 48.78%was obtained in 2 h using 10mg enzyme loading withequimolar concentration of alcohol and ester at 60∘C undermicrowave irradiation. From the progress curve analysis,it was found that reaction followed the ping-pong bi-bimechanism with dead end inhibition of alcohol. Beside theprevious papers herein described, the preparation of chiralsecondary alcohols using lipase catalyzed kinetic resolutionis mild and clean as compared to chemical process.
In the seventh paper entitled “Demonstration of redoxpotential of Metschnikowia koreensis for stereoinversion ofsecondary alcohols/1,2-diols,” by V. S. Meena et al. reports theMetschnikowia koreensis-catalyzed one-pot deracemizationof secondary alcohols/1,2-diols and their derivatives with invivo cofactor regeneration.This ecofriendly method affordedthe product in high yield (88%) and excellent optical purity(>98% ee), minimizing the requirement of multistep reactionand expensive cofactor.
Bernardo Dias RibeiroIsabel Marrucho
Luciana GoncalvesMaria Alice Z. Coelho
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