EDITOR/ASSEMBLER ‘ ' 5

A P R I L 1986

A PUBLICATION OF THE ASSOCIATION OF THE GENDER-CHIP EXPERDEN'IERS (ACE) 1981.

E X E C U T I V E CORNER 2

E D I T O R I A L 3

ELECTRONIC POWER SUPPLY LOAD T E S T E R 4

1 8 0 2 EDITOR/ASSEMBLER ‘ ' 5U S I N G A BAUDOT TELETYPE ON THE 1802 15

L O G I C PROBE 2 4

EPROM BURNER W I T H PERSONALITY MODULE I 25

RS-232C INTERFACE ' .26

SUPER ELF 7‐ SEGMENT DISPLAY REPLACEMENTS - 28

A SIMPLE "CAP‐Locx"'C;RCUIT , . 29

CLUE COMMUNIQUE 30

N o M a n i s fi t t o b e e n t r u s t e d w i t h c o n t r o l o f t h e " P r e s e n t " ,w h o i s i g n o r a n t 0 f t h e " P a s t , " a n d n o P e o p l e w h o a r e i n d i f f e r e n tt o the i r "Pas t "need H o p e t o M a k e T h e i r " F u t u r e ' ! G r e a t .

A n c i e n t " I n u i t " s a y i n g

I P S O FACTO is p u b l i s h e d by t h e ASSOCIATION OF COMPUTER-CHIPEXPERIHENTERS ( A . C . E . ) , a n o n ‐ p r o fi t e d u c a t i o n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n .I n f o r m a t i o n i n I P 5 0 FACTO i s b e l i e v e d t o b e a c c u r a t e and r e l i a b l e .However, n o r e s p o n s i b i l i t y i s assumed b y IP50 FACTO o r the ASSOCIATIONOF COMPUTER-CHIP EXPERIMENTERS f o r i t s u s e ; n o t f o r any i n f r i n g e m e n t s ofp a t e n t s o r o t h e r r i g h t s o f t h i r d p a r t i e s which may r e s u l t f rom i t s nae.

P r e s i d e n t : J o h n N o r r i s ( 4 1 6 ) 2 3 9 ‐ 8 5 6 7 C h i e f E d i t o r & P r o d u c t i o n M a n a g e r :T r e a s u r e r : K e n E e v i s ( 4 1 6 ) 2 7 7 ‐ 2 4 9 5 F r e d P l u t h e r oS e c r e t a r y : M i c h a e l S m i t h E d i t o r s : To n y H i l lD i r e c t o r s : J o h n N o r r i s F r e d P l u t h e r o P u b l i c a t i o n : Dennis M i l d o n

K e n B e v i s M i k e F r a n k l i n P r o d u c t M a i l i n g :M e m b e r s h i p : F r e d P l u t h e r o P u b l i c a t i o n s : E d L e s l i e

( 4 1 6 ) 528 ‐ 3222B o a r d s & S o f t w a r e M i c h a e l S m i t hD e v e l o p m e n t :H a r d w a r e : K e n B e v i s T o n y H i l l

Mike F r a n k l i nS o f t w a r e : M i c h a e l Smi th

NOTE NEW M A I L I N G ADDRESS: ACE I N C .P . O . BOX 6464S TAT I O N " F "H A M I LT O N , O n t a r i oCANADA L9G 7C7

I T S BARGAIN T I M E SEEPRODUCT PAGE FOR D E TA I L S

M a r c h 1 1 , 1 9 5 6 ‐ NOTICE O F E L E C T I O N O F OFFICERS f o r ACE I N C . f o r 1 9 8 6 ‐ 1 9 8 7Te r m .

T h i s N O T I C E i s t o i n f o r m a l l m e m b e r s t h a t E l e c t i o n o fO f fi c e r s f o r t h e 1986-1987 Te r m w i l l be h e l d at t h en e x t ACE m e e t i n g , A p r i l 8 t h , 1986 a t Room 123 a tShe r i dan C o l l e g e .

n B . N o r r i s

ARTICLE S U B M I S S I O N S :

The c o n t e n t o f I P 5 0 FACTO i s v o l u n t a r i l y s u b m i t t e d b y c l u b m e m b e r s . W h i l eACE assumes n o r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r e r r o r s n o r f o r i n f r i n g e m e n t u p o n c o p y r i g h t ,t h e E d i t o r s v e r i f y a r t i c l e c o n t e n t a s m u c h a s p o s s i b l e . ACE c a n u s e a r t i c l eb o t h h a r d w a r e a n d s o f t w a r e , o f a n y l e v e l , r e l a t i n g t o a n y m i c r o c o m p u t e rc o m p o n e n t s , p e r i p h e r a l s , a n d p r o d u c t s . P l e a s e s p e c i f y t h e e q u i p m e n t and/ors o f t w a r e t o w h i c h t h e a r t i c l e a p p l i e s . Ty p e d a r t i c l e s : a r e p r e f e r r e d a n da r e p r i n t e d fi r s t ; P l e a s e s e n d o r i g i n a l s , n o t p h o t o c o p y m a t e r i a l s . W e w i l lr e t u r n p h o t o c o p i e s o f o r i g i n a l i f r e q u i r e d .

P U B L I C AT I O N P O L I C Y :

T h e n e w s l e t t e r s t a f f assume n o r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r a r t i c l e e r r o r s n o r f o ri n f r i n g e m e n t u p o n c o p y r i g h t . T h e c o n t e n t o f a l l a r t i c l e s w i l l b e V e r i fi e d ,a s m u c h a s p o s s i b l e , a n d l i m i t a t i o n s l i s t e d ( i . e . M a k e o f e q u i p m e n t , o ra u t h o r o f s o f t w a r e ) . T h e n e w s l e t t e r w i l l b e p u b l i s h e d e v e r y o t h e r m o n t h ,

D e l a y s m a y b e i n c u r r e d a s r e s u l t o f l o s s o f s t a f f .p o s t a l d i s r u p t i o n , l a c k o f a r t i c l e s , e t c . W e a p o l o g i z e f o r s u c h i n c o n v e n i e n c e ,h o w e v e r , t h e y a r e g e n e r a l l y c a u s e d b y f a c t o r s b e y o n d t h e c o n t r o l o f t h e C l u b .

THE SUBJECT WHO I S TRULY L O YA L TO THE C H I E F M A G I S T R AT E W I L L NEITHER A D V I S ENOR S U B M I T TO ARBITRARY MEASURES ‐4 J U N I U S .

E D I T O R I A L

A n " e m p t y m a i l b o x " c e r t a i n l y r e fl e c t s h o w i n t e r e s t

h a s w a n e d o n 1802 H a r d w a r e , F i r m w a r e a n d S o f t w a r e

e x p e r i m e n t a t i o n .

Times h a v e c h a n g e d , t h e m a r k e t s fl o o d e d w i t h l o w c o s t

" c l o n e s , p r e s s u r e o f b u s i n e s s d u e t o c o m p u t e r i z a t i o n

c e r t a i n l y temps o n e t o s p e n d h i s l e i z u r e t i m e d o i n g

o t h e r t h a n w h a t ACE s t a n d s f o r .

H o w e v e r , t h i s t i m e s h a l l p a s s . T h e 3 2 ‐ 6 4 b i t “ c h i p s ”

a r e h e r e w i t h “ 3 D ” , h o l o g r a p h y a n d c o m p u t e r E y e B a l l

command. Ta s s News A g e n c y c l a i m s t h e i r new m i n i ‑

c o m p u t e r i s c a p a b l e o f p e r f o r m i n g u p t o o n e - b i l l i o n

o p e r a t i o n s p e r s e c o n d . C e r t a i n l y i m p r e s s i v e . E u r o p e

b o a s t more m i c r o s p e r f a m i l y t h a n a n y o t h e r c o u n t r y .

T o o b a d w e c a n ' t o b t a i n more E u r o p e a n H a g ‘ s e t c . ‑

p e r h a p s w e c a n c a t c h u p . Maybe t h e " G o l d C u r t a i n " i s

s c r e e n i n g t h e i r n e w d e v e l o p m e n t s f r o m u s o r w e a r e

d e v e l o p i n g a b a d c a s e o f " T u n n e l V i s i o n “ d u e t o o u r

S m u g n e s s .

W e a c c e p t a r t i c l e s o n a l l t y p e s o f c o m p u t e r h a r d w a r e ,

s o f t w a r e a n d fi r m w a r e , a n d w o u l d b e p l e a s e d t o h e a r f r o m

y o u .

May t h e "FORCE" be w i t h y o u .

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E l e c t r o n i c Power Supply Load Te s t e r- by Fred Feaver

How many o f y o u h a v e Wished y o u knew e x a c t l y how much c u r r e n t y o u r powersupp ly c o u l d s u p p l y w i t h o u t c o l l a p s i n g , o r j u s t how good y o u r v o l t a g er e g u l a t i o n was?

H e r e is a s i m p l e , inexpens ive load t e s t e r t h a t is very easy to b u i l d . Thet o t a l c o s t s h o u l d b e much l e s s t h a n $5.00. " 1 t h a x 0 ampere c a p a c i t y a tup to 40 v o l t s , t h i s w i l l handle prac t ica l ly a l l hobby computer supp l ies .

late: The quoted p r i c e is f o r t h e e l e c t r o n i c components .

‘ T V _M +‘KéAmz‐n inn-3m

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Base Cur ren t 13 " E - 10 - 0.50 am 5“22 55 F

I t i s p o s s i b l e t o c o n n e c t t h e base d i r e c t l y t o a p o t e n t i o m e t e r , b u t i t i sb e t t e r t o use a D a r l i n g t o u c o n fi g u r a t i o n t o reduce the c u r r e n t through t h ep o t .

Say t h e d r i v e r t r a n s i s t o r has E“: o f 2 0 w i t h 0.5 amp o u t p u t :

t h e n 13 - 296‐5 - 25 ma.

A l m o s t a n y s m a l l o r medium NPN t r a n s i s t o r c a n b e used. I used a n o b s o l e t e2NG96 f r o m m y j u n k box , i t h a d a n o u t p u t c u r r e n t r a t i n g o f 500 m a and HFEo f 2 0 .

1892 EDITOR/ASSEMBLERR . l r v i n e , 294 Book R d . N . A n c a s t e r O n t . L9G 3L1

V e r s i o n 1 . ”

' T h i s p r o g r a m was w r i t t e n o n a TRS‐Bfl Mode l I u s i n gl e v e l 1 1 b a s i c . T h e r e a r e n o p e e k s o r p o k e s . T h i s s h o u l dm a k e t h e p r o g r a m a d a p t a b l e t o c o m p u t e r s equ ipped w i t hv i r t u a l l y a n y v e r s i o n o f M i c r o s o f t b a s i c .

when t h e p r o g r a m is r u n y o u a r e immed ia te ly in t h ec o m m a n d m o d e . H i t t i n g [RETURN] or e n t e r i n g "HELP" w i l ld i s p l a y a l l a v a i l a b l e commands a n d command s y n t a x . T h e y a r ea s f o l l o w s :

1 : I n s e r t a l i n eC :Change a l i n eADD :Add m o r e c o d e t o t h e e n d o f t h e b u f f e rDEL : D e l e t e a l i n eR :Renumber p r o g r a m l i n e sA :Assemb le c o d eL : L i s t t o s c r e e nP : L i s t t o p r i n t e r#XXXX : H e x t o d e c i m a l c o n v e r s i o nDnnnn :Dec imal t o h e x c o n v e r s i o n

P r e s s i n g s h i f t C when s t a r t i n g a new l i n e o f code w i l ljump to t h e command mode. When t h e b u f f e r is e m p t y, y o um u s t b e g i n by e n t e r i n g I f o r i n s e r t . To a d d any subsequen tl i n e s t h e ADD command is u s e d .

INPUT FORMAT

L i n e L a b e l Mnem O p e r Comments1%” START L D I #FF I n i t i a l i z a t i o n r o u t i n e

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T h e r e a r e s e v e r a l e r r o r t r a p s i n t h e p r o g r a m , b u t t h e ya r e b y n o means e x t e n s i v e . A s a r e s u l t y o u may fi n d a wayt o s l i d e b a d d a t a p a s t them. A s y m b o l t a b l e i s p r i n t e d a tt h e e n d o f t h e l i s t i n g w i t h t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g addresses .

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14

USING A MUDOT m a u v e ONI'RIE 1802- BY B. MILLER, L P . 16: !» 38

The low c o s t o f a CPU card, such a s those o f f e r e d b y Tek t rono r Ne t ron i cs makes t h e 1802 c h i p a na tu ra l f o r anyone who wishes toease i n t o t h e microprocessor fi e l d w i t h o u t t o o g r e a t a cash o u t l a y .However, b e f o r e any s e r i o u s programming can be done some f o r m oft e r m i n a l must be obtained, as l o a d i n g v i a a hex keypad a n d r e a d i n gd a t a f r o m LEDs or a 7 Segment D i s p l a y is r a t h e r s low.

A t t h i s p o i n t the c o s t o f t h e s y s t e m w i l l l i k e l y s o a r a s aVideo D i s p l a y o r a p r i n t e r w i l l c o s t upwards o f fi v e hundred d o l l a r s .Even a reconditioned Model 33 Te l e t y p e which is an ASCII machineand w i l l i n t e r f a c e w i t h t h e 1802 hardware and sof tware a v a i l a b l e ,c o s t s o v e r one thousand d o l l a r s .

A l o w c o s t a l t e r n a t i v e f o r t h o s e who can g e t t h e i r hands o n one,i s a Model 1 5 o r 1 9 Te l e t y p e u n i t . These u n i t s have l o n g beenremoved f r o m commercial s e r v i c e and can o f t e n be obtained f rom hamr a d i o o p e r a t o r s f o r a v e r y modest amount. A s t h e y a r e Baudotmachines t h e y r e q u i r e some sof tware m o d i fi c a t i o n s i f t h e y a r e t o b eused on a system t h a t communicates in t h e ASCII code. This, howeveris n o t d i f fi c u l t to implement .

A Baudot machine is however l a c k i n g in two areasthat cannote a s i l y be overcome:

1) The keyboard is a r a t h e r s low mechanical one t h a t is awkwardt o use; 1 . 5 . i t m u s t b e sh i f t ed f o r l e t t e r s - fi g u r e s changes.A lso t h e r e are n o p r o v i s i o n s f o r many o f t h e a r i t h m e t i cs i g n s used in BASIC, f o r example.

2 ) Some useful ASCI I charac te rs t h a t m i g h t be found in t h e o u t ‑p u t s t r i n g , a r e n o t a v a i l a b l e o n t h e p r i n t e r . Examples o ft h i s a r e a r i t h m e t i c s i g n s such a s p l u s , m u l t i p l i c a t i o n S i g n ,equals , l e s s than, g r e a t e r than, e t c .

A s a r e s u l t o f t h e above, i t w a s f e l t t h a t i t wou ld b e b e t t e r t ouse : lowhcosthASCII keyboa rd ‐Encode r c h i p s e t configu red as a p a r a l l e li n p u r a t e r t a n u s i n g t h e Te l e t e k e board S ' ' 'That l ooked a f t e r 1 ) above. yp y as a e r l a l I n p u t deV l ce .

T h e second l i m i t a t i o n can b e t a c k l e d b y a s s i g n i n g some o f t h ee x t r a charac te rs such as l . and d o l l a r s i g n to t h e m i s s i n g a r i t h m e ‑t i c s i g n s . T h i s usage w i l l soon become q u i t e n a t u r a l t o t h e u s e r .

The ASCI I t o Baudot c o n v e r s i o n c a n b e per fo rmed b y a hardwarec i r c u i t , and indeed many hams have gone t h i s r o u t e . However i t i smore n a t u r a l t o d o t h i s i n s o f t w a r e i n a computer s y s t e m a s n o a d d i ‑t i o n a l p a r t s a r e r e q u i r e d and t h e memory t h a t i t t a k e s i s m i n i m a l .

15

THE HARDWARE

The fi r s t t h i n g t h a t must b e done i s make sure t h a t yourTe l e t y p e is workinn w e l l . D e t a i l s of the operat ion of t h e machineare available f r o m many sources. The Sept . 1977 issue of 73Magazine is l a r g e l y devoted to TTY. and al though there are morecomprehensive sources avai lable I was able to ga in i n s i g h t i n t ot h e operat ion of t h e machine well enough w i t h t h i s i ssue to gett h e machine r u n n i n g .

The S e l e c t o r magnets (on t h e L.H.S. o f machine) should b ew i red i n p a r a l l e l , r a t h e r than i n s e r i e s a s t h i s w i l l al low themt o w o r k o n a l o w v o l t a g e " l o o p " s u p p l y. I a m using a simple 1 0v o l t D.C. supply, as shown in fi g u r e 1.

C u r r e n t to r u n t h e magnets in t h i s configura t ion i s rough ly6 0 M . A . T h i s can b e handled b y a n y P l a s t i c Tab t y p e t r a n s i s t o rw i t h a d i ss i pa t i on o f abou t 5 w a t t s and a breakdown v o l t a g e moret h a n 50 or 60 v o l t s . The Reverse-biased diode f r o m co l l . - em i t t e ris to suppress t h e s p i k e produced by t h e magnets as t h e fi e l dc o l l a p s e s when t h e y a r e de ‐ energ ized . I have configured t h i s c i r ‑c u i t t o b e i n t h e ' m a r k i n g " s t a t e (machine locked u p when n o d a t apresent) when Q is equal to " 0 " which is t h e s t a t e t h a t t h e 1802w i l l be in a f t e r a R e s e t . Therefore, whatever program is r u n n i n g ,i t i s n o t n e c e s s a r y t o i n i t i a l i z e t h e Q l i n e t o lock u p t h e TTY.

I have n o t encountered any problems in r u n n i n g t h e magnetsd i r e c t l y : i . e . n o o p t o - i s o l a t o r between t h e CPU and TTY.

Note t h a t most references to TTY in ham publications w i l l showa h i g h v o l t a g e ( i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f 120 v o l t s D.C.) l oop supply.T h i s is n o t required in t h i s case and would o n l y compl icate t h es w i t c h i n g des ign .

The speed o f t h e Te l e t y p e machine t h a t you have must b e d e t e r ‑mined before t h e software d e l a y l o o p is w r i t t e n . T h i s can be doneby w i r i n g t h e keyboard c o n t a c t s i n t o t h e l o o p and r u n n i n g t h emachine i n t h e " l o c a l " mode. I f a n o s c i l l o s c o p e i s connected acrosst h e keyboard c o n t a c t s and t h e space b a r is depressed, t h e s i n g l e" 1 " d a t a b i t i n t h e m i d d l e o f t h e 5 b i t d a t a s t r e a m w i l l b e easyt o d i s t i n g u i s h and measure. A 2 2 m s pu lse corresponds t o a 6 0 WPMmachine, 20 ms equals 66 WPM, 17.57 ms equals 75 WPM.

W h i l e t h e TTY is connected in t h e l o c a l l o o p check to seew h e t h e r t h e machine u n s h i f t s ( g o e s f rom fi g s ‐ t o l e t s ) when t h espace b a r is depressed, or f o r t h a t m a t t e r a f t e r a c a r r i a g e r e t u r n .I a m n o t f a m i l i a r w i t h o t h e r machines b u t t h e model 1 9 t h a t Ihave w i l l u n s h i f t o n s p a c e (U05) . T h i s mus t b e t a k e n i n t o accounti n t h e s o f t w a r e program o r t h e computer w i l l " l o s e t r a c k " o f t h es h i f t c o n d i t i o n o f t h e TTY machine, and p r i n t i n c o r r e c t l y .

THE SOFTWAREThe s o i t w a r e program to r u n t h e Te l e t y p e was developed to be

c o m p a t i b l e w i t h P i t t m a n T i n y BASIC 1802. I t i s i n t h e f o r m o fSORT t y p e s u b r o u t i n e s and can o f c o u r s e b e u t i l i z e d b y o t h e r p r o ‑grams, such as machine language programs developed by t h e u s e r .

T h e r e a r e s e v e r a l cons idera t ions t h a t a r i s e in d e v e l o p i n g t h en e c e s s a r y s o f t w a r e p rog ram. The i m p o r t a n t ones a r e a s f o l l o w s :

1) The ASCI I o u t p u t of t h e BASIC program ( o r u s e r s program)mus t be converted to Baudot. The ASCII o u t p u t is p a r a l l e l and is

1 6

converted as such to Baudot. T h i s is most e a s i l y accomplished by al o o k ‐ h p t a b l e . The p a r a l l e l Baudot d a t a could then be serialized bya UAHT b u t it is r a t h e r easy to implement t h i s in software so that 15the method t h a t I have chosen to u s e . In the Baudot data I have 1 m ‑bedded a " l " i n t h e L . S . 3 . i n a l l cases. T h i s i s a l o o p s u s t a i n i n gb i t and eliminates t h e need f o r a register allocated for u s e as a counft a r . ( T i n y Basic uses most of thé‘registers, making t h i s a consideration)

2) The sof tware r o u t i n e must keep t r a c k of t h e n a t u r e of the lastcharacter pr in ted: i . e . whether i t was a l e t t e r or a fi g u r e . This isdone b y l o o k i n g a t t h e H.S .B . o f t h e ASCII c h a r. i . e . the 7 th b i t . I fi t i s a " O " thechar. is_a fi g u r e ; a " 1 " ind ica tes a l e t t e r . There ‑f o r e upon r e c e i p t o f a n ASCII c h a r a c t e r , t h e program determines whatt h e present c h a r . is and compares it w i t h the d a t a stored in RegisterC which conta ins t h e n a t u r e o f t h e l a s t c h a r a c t e r sen t . I f a d i f f e r ‑ence e x i s t s a r o u t i n e wh ich ou tpu ts t h e c o r r e c t " F i g s " o r " l e t t e r s "c h a r a c t e r takes over, and t h e n r e t u r n s t o t h e m a i n p r i n t program t oo u t p u t t h e charac te r g i v e n i t by t h e main program. A f t e r t h i s c h a r ‑a c t e r i s p r i n t e d , i t s n a t u r e i s s to red i n t h e R e g i s t e r C f o r use b yt h e n e x t charac te r t h a t i s inpu t ted . The charac te r "space" i s t rappedbe fo re it e n t e r s t h e above routine as it l o o k s l i k e a fi g u r e and storesa code i n R e g i s t e r C a s such, b u t when i t i s p r i n t e d i t w i l l u n s h i f tt h e TTY c a r r i a n e . T h i s has t h e e f f e c t o f p r i n t i n g l e t t e r s i n p l a c eo f numbers i f t h e r e i s a space between them. The "space" c h a r a c t e ri s handled d i f f e r e n t l y i n t h e r o u t i n e and a l w a y s r e s u l t s i n a l e t t e r scode b e i n g p laced in Reg i s te r C a f t e r i t i s p r i n t e d .

C e r t a i n c o n t r o l codes outputted by T i n y Bas ic as w e l l as padcha rac te rs w i l l a l so cause the ou tpu t r o u t i n e to lose t r a c k o f t h es h i f t c o n d i t i o n un less taken care o f b y t h e o u t p u t r o u t i n e . B ys e t t i n g l o c a t i o n 0111 i n T i n y t o 0 2 a s opposed t o the 8 2 code i n t h eo r i g i n a l program, the pads w i l l come o u t a s n u l l s . The l o o k - u p t a b l eshould code ASCII n u l l s to a " F i g s " cha rac te r (hex 37) . I have s e ta l l unused ASCII code l o c a t i o n s t o t h e code f o r Baudot " b l a n k " (hex 01)I t appears t h a t T i n y o u t p u t s some c o n t r o l c h a r a c t e r s t h a t a r e n o tmentioned in t h e t e x t , and which w i l l con fuse t h e o u t p u t r o u t i n e att i m e s i f t h i s c o d i n g i s n o t done.

3 ) T h i s s o f t w a r e program u s e s s e v e r a l r e g i s t e r s t o s t o r e t e m p ‑o r a r y d a t a d u r i n g t h e I/O r o u t i n e s . I have chosen t o u s e r e g i s t e r sn o t used by T i n y BASIC 1802. W h i l e t h e t e x t t h a t comes w i t h T i n ys t a t e s t h a t R e g i s t e r E 0 i s n o t used b y t h e i n t e r p r e t e r , I have b e e nu n a b l e t o have a n y l u c k u s i n g t h i s r e g i s t e r f o r a purpose such a ss t o r i n g t h e n a t u r e o f t he l a s t cha rac te r, w h i c h r e q u i r e s t h a t t h er e g i s t e r i s l e f t una l t e red between 1/0 c a l l s . I t i s t h e r e f o r e usedf o r A S C I I c h a r a c t e r s t o r a g e th rough t h e I/O r o u t i n e .

I f t h e p rog ram is loaded e x a c t l y as g i v e n i t may be t e s t e d asf o l l o w sA d d r e s s D a t aUUUU_‐_ C OO E 0 0 Long jump t o I n i t i a l i z a t i o n ( a f t e r i n i t i a l ‑

i z a t i o n p rog ram w i l l jump t o 000a)0003 X X D o n ' t c a r eOOOh D b 0 d 5 3 C a l l I n e e e0007 30 04 Repeat

T h i s w i l l p r i n t o u t t h e c h a r a c t e r s typed i n t o t h e ASCII keyboard.

17

PARALLEL ASCII KEYBOARD INPUT'

I have used a standard ASCII KEYBOARD, G . I . AY5‐3600 Encoderand two h016 quad t ransmiss ion gates to f o r m t h e i n p u t s y s t e m .

The Keyboard Encoder C h i p ' s " d a t a ready strobe" is connectedto t h e 1802's BF 5 l i n e and is t e s t e d in so f tware . The ASCIId a t a is gated to t h e bus th rough t h e t w o 5016 quad transmissiong a t e s . These a r e enabled by t h e N 1 l i n e of t h e 1802. A "6A"i n s t r u c t i o n w i l l cause t h e keyboard e n t r y t o b e loaded i n t o t h eAccumulator and M (R X ) .

S y s t e m I n i t i a l i z a t i o n F o r I n p u t - O u t p u t Subrout ines

T h e f o l l o w i n g i s a s y s t e m i n i t i a l i z a t i o n which w i l l b e requ i redi f t h e M o n i t o r in y o u r system does n o t support t h e SORT (StandardC a l l and R e t u r n Technique) sys tem o f c a l l i n g sub ‐ rou t i nes as s e to u t i n t h e R.C.A. 1802 U s e r ' s Manual . Th i s i s o n l y requ i red i ft h e u s e r wishes t o u s e these r o u t i n e s a s p a r t o f machine languageprograms o f h i s own; i n i t i a l z a t i o n i s a l r e a d y present i n P i t t m a nT i n y B a s i c and i t w i l l r u n p r o p e r l y w i t hou t t h i s i n i t i a l i z a t i o nb e i n g entered in memory.

Assuming a LK memory, maximum space w i l l be l e f t f o r u s e r ' sB a s i c programs i f t h e f o l l o w i n g scheme i s used;

OEOO‐OESZ I n i l i a l i z a t i o n ( i f r equ i red , pe r above)OESB‐OEDB I n e e e , Ou tee , Break subrout inesOFOO-OFFF ASCII-BAUDOT l o o k up Table, StackB a s i c a l l y , more than i o f t h e l a s t page i s n o t r equ i r ed b y

t h e l o o k - u p t a b l e and could be used f o r other purpose. I havechosen t o leave i t fi l l e d w i t h t h e code f o r a Baudot " b l a n k " .

System I n i t i a l i z a t i o n

OEOO F8 OE L D I OE ; S e t t h i s program to r u n w i t h02 B6 PHI R6 ; R6 as the program c o u n t e r03 B7 PHI R7Oh F8 08 LD I 0806 A6 PLO R607 D6 SEP H60 8 F 8 2 6 LDI 2 6 ; S e t R 7 t o p o i n t t o t a b l e o f0 A A 7 PLO R 7 ; i n i t i a l va lues .OB A7 LDA R70 0 B 5 PHI R 5 ; I n i t i a l i z e H 5 (SORT R e t u r n00 a? LDA R7 ; r o u t i n e po in ter )OE A5 PLO H5O F A 7 LDA R 7 ; I n i t i a l i z e R h (SORT C a l l10 BA PHI Rh ; routine poin ter )11 A7 LDA R712 Ah PLO Rh1 } A 7 LDA R 7 ; I n i t i a l i z e R 3 (System p r o g r a mI t 83 PHI H3 ; Counter )15 A7 LDA R716 A3 PLO H3

0317 u 7 LDA R 7 ; I n i t i a l i z e H 2 (System s t a c k18 B2 PHI HZ ; pointer)I9 47 LDA R71A A2 PLO H2

18

1B L7 LDA R710 Bl PHI R110 A7 LDA R713 Al PLO RI1F A7 LDA R720 B0 PHI HQ21 L7 LDA a722 A0 PLO R023 E2 SEX R2zu 7A REQ

25 D3 SEP R3

g a b l e of I n i t i a l Register Va l u e s

26 oats TAB 128 OE332A 000i2c OFFA25 000030 OFFA32 D3 83? 33

CALL“‘7? E2 sax R2

34 BF PHI RP35 96 CHI R636 73 STXD37 86 GLO R638 73 STXD39 93 CHI R33A 36 PHI 36

0338 83 GLO H330 A6 PLO R630 46 LDA R6BE B3 PHI 333F a6 LDA R640 A3 PLO R341 9F GHI RFL2 30 32 an 32

nu 03 SEP a3

RETURNOEhs BF PHI R7

A6 96 CHI R647 83 PHI R308 86 GLO R6#9 A3 PLO R3

Initialize R1( I n t e r r u p t S e r v i c epointer)

I n i t i a l i z e R 0 (DNA pointer)

R2in

S e t X Regis ter toP u t s e r i a l outputMark s t a t e .

Convention MarkSpace

‐ o n Q l i n eG o t o OOOh A t t h i s l o c a t i o n a tt h e b e g i n n i n g o f memory u s e rcan s e l e c t e i t h e r a l o n g jumpt o B a s i c (0100) o r t o a M o n i t e ror o t h e r machine language program.

equal 0equa l 1

SORT R e t u r n r o u t i n e s t a r t addressSCRT C a l l Rou t i ne s t a r t addressJump to Basic o r Mon i t o r addressS t a c k l o c a t i o nI n t e r r u p t se rv i ce r o u t i n e a d d r.DNA s t o r a g e i n i t i a l valueGo to Cal led subrout ine; l e a v eR h p o i n t i n g t o e n t r y o f C a l lsubroutineP o i n t t o StackSave DSave R6 on Stack

Copy R 3 i n t o R 6 t o save r e t u r naddress

Load t h e subrout ine addressinto R3

Restore DBranch to 32, E x i t p o i n t f o rc a l l subroufineR e t u r n to m a i n program; l e a v eR 5 p o i n t i n g t o e n t r y o f R e t u r ns u b r o u t i n eSave DICopy R 0 i n t o R 3 (46 c o n t a i n sr e t u r n address)

CLUB

321272A6F0B69F30

3E6AFE3BFE38F8F5

38F0DuD5ch

AF

hh

5355

FE63

6320

OE

Ch

2096FE8A

FF967AOE96

OE00

OO816DOE81

OEFF

88

6B

Ch

9F

9F

SEX R2INC R2LDXAPLO R6LDIPHI R6C H I R FBR ah

B} 53BN3 55I N ? 2SHL,SHLBNF 63SHLBNF 63L D I 2 0so R2

SKPLDK R2CALL OUTSERETURNNOP

PLO RFXRI 20BZ 96GLO RFSHL,5HLBNF 8AGLO RCX R I F F82 96LDI 7ACALL PRINTBR 96GLO HFCALL PRINTL D I 0 0PLO RCGLO RFRETURNGLO RCX R I 0 0Hz 81L D I 6 0CALL PRINTBR 81GLO HFCALL PRINTL D I F FPLO HGBR 88

P o i n t to s tack .Pop stackRes to re the saved o l d H6into R6

; Restore Dx- Branch to An, e x i t p o i n t f o r; r e t u r n s u b r o u t i n e

I n p u t - O u t p y t subrou t ines f o r T i n y Bas ic 1802

Wa i t t i l ASCII Key pressed(Keyboard s t r o b e to EF3)ASCI I d a t a to D, m (a2)S h i f t o u t 2 M.S .B .I f DF equa l t o 0 go to 63S h i f t o u t M.S.B.I f DF equal 0 go to 63

S u b t r a c t 2 0 f r o m A S C I I c h a r .(Change L . C . to U .C . )S k i pASCII c h a r . on s t a c k to D.

; Return to c a l l e rNOP's f o r spacing

Save ASCII char at RFoCompare char, "space"Same? Yea-go to 96G e t ASCI I c h a r.S h i f t o u t 2 M.S.B.I f D F e u a l t o 0 , g o t o 8 AGet RC?let‐figs r e g i s t e r )Compare RC, FFSame? y e s ‐ g o t o 9 6Load 7A to D

Go to 96Get ASCI I c h a r .

Load 00to ECOGet ASCI I cha r.Re tu rn to c a l l e rG e t R C ( l e t ‐ fi g s r e g i s t e r )Compare RC, 00Same? y e s ‐ g o t o 8 1Load 60 to D.

Go to 81Get ASCI I cha r.

Load FFto RCO

; Go to 88

2 t )

03

F8BECh0E

FE7B

ChBREAKSUBOEUA

D6

D8D9D3

3F

FD

95FC05

OF

Ch

OE

BAEh

B5

OEAC

OEOE

Ch

CB

01CACACS

D9

00

00

C5

CS

0505

CL

Ch

PLO REL D I O FP H I R ENOP NOPLDN RE

SHLSEQ

SHL

CALL DELfiYSHLBZ BABNF EhREQBR B5SEQCALL DELAYBR ACREQCALL DELAYCALL DELAYRETURNNOP

P H I R CLDI CB

S M I 0 1NOPNOPBNZ CBGHI RCRETURNNOP

DNA D9

SDI 00

HdTURNA D I 0 0RETURN

21

Save ASCII char at REDLoad 0?to RE 1NOP's - e x t r a spaceLoad Baudot c h a r. f r o m l o o k ‑up Table-pointed to by HE.S h i f t o u t 2 M.S.B.S e t Q " s t a r t b i t "Convent ion M a r k - " O "

S p a c e - " l "on Q l ine

S h i f t o u t M.S.B.If D equals 0 t h e n go to BAIf DF equals 0 t h e n go to 84Reset QGo to B5Set Q

Go to ACReset Q " S t o p b i t ”S t o p h i t two u n i t s d u r a t i o n

Return to c a l l e rNOP‘s-extra spaces

Save Baudot char at RCDelay constant f o r 75 WPMTe le type and 1.79 MHZ clockS u b t r a c t 1 f r o m DNOP'S f o r t i m i n gNOP's f o r t i m i n gD equals 0, No ‐go to 08Restore Baudot c h a r to DRetu rn to c a l l e rNOP‐extra space

If EFh equals 0 go to D9(Break swi tch connected to1802 B F A l i n e )

S e t DF equa l to 1 (Break cond.in Tiny Basic)R e t u r n t o c a l l e rS e t DF e q u a l t o 0 (No Break )R e t u r n t o c a l l e r

A S C I I TU ‘ZZMIDOT LOUh‐UP TABLE

Address Data (ASCII) (Baudot)OFOO 3 7 n u l " fi g s "0FO7 29 b e l B e l lOFOA 11 LF l i n e FeedOFOD 05 CR Car r i age Re t .OFZO 09 SP SpaceOF2l 2D 1 l0F22 23 " “OF28 3D ( (OF29 13 ) )OFZA O F ’ 9 . (no 1 !a v a i l )OF2B 2 D + ! ( n o 9 a v a i l )0 c m O D , ,OFZD 31 ‐ ‐‑OFZE OF . .OF2F 2F / /01730 18 0 0OF31 38 l lOF32 33 2 2OF33 21 3 30F31+ 15 h 1+0F35 03 5 5OF36 213 6 6OF37 39 7 7OF38 l9 8 80F39 07 9 9OFBA lD : :OF3E 1F ; ;OFBC 0 F 4 . (no 4 a v a i l )OFBD 2 5 ‘ ( n o v a v a i l )OF3E O F ’ . (no r a v a i l )OFBF 27 'Z '?OFbl 31 A Aouz 27 B 5OFA} 1D C COFM; 25 D DOF45 21 E EOFhé 2D F FOFL7 17 G GO t h O B H HOF1+9 19 I IOFlpA 3 5 J JOFAB 30 K K0174C 13 L LOF1+D OF M :‘-‘1OFhE 013 N NOFhF 07 O OOFSO 113 P POFSl 38 Q Q0F52 15 R R0F53 29 S S01751» 03 T '1‘OF55 39 U UOF56 11“ V V0F57 33 W wOF58 2F x xOFS9 213 y YOFSA 23 L5 4 22

Control C h a r a c t e r s

om 37 Dc1 "figs"0F91 3 7 D C3 " fi g s "

NOTE: Other l o c a t i o n s i n memory n o t l i s t e d ( i n page 0 F t h a t i s )should be coded w i t h t h e code f o r Baudoc "b lank" 1 . 6 . 01.

T h i s i n s u r e s t h a t any ASCII c h a r a c t e r s t h a t T i n y Basic m igh to u t p u t t h a t a r e n o t ava i l ab le on a Model l 5 Te l e t y p e keyboard w i l ln o t r e s u l t in i l l e g a l codes b e i n g presented to t h e Te l e b y p e p r i n t e r .

ELF 7. fC PtJ } 44; g 1 T y

‘ 6 BUFFEKED a fig?“G

ZNZZZZo r S i m ,

).

“ s v m 3 E 3:1- Iooouré I L !.___{>{_

I N C T I AHfimmordb

PM. I

23

LOGIC PROBE- BY M. PUPEZA, I . F. 8, p. 36

One o f t h e e a s i e s t t o u s e and most u s e f u l t roub le s h o o t i n ga ids f o r problems in your m i c r o system is a good l o g i c probe.A f t e r p lay ing around w i t h q u i t e a few c i r c u i t s , I fina l ized o nt h i s r e l a t i v e l y s imp le c i r c u i t modified f r o m one l i f t e d f r o mP o p u l a r Elect ron ics March l97h.

I made severa l mods, m a i n l y to i n c r e a s e t h e i n p u t impedancet o n o t l o a d down CMOS c i r c u i t s e x c e s s i v e l y.

The c i r c u i t a c t u a l l y works b e s t o n TTL s i n c e t h e l e d s t u r n o na t +2.6V and below +0.8V. A fl o a t i n g i n p u t does no t t u r n o n e i t h e rl e d and a n y change of s t a t e causes t h e p u l s e l e d to come on f o r amoment. A pu lse t r a i n causes t h e p u l s e l e d to rema in l i t and w i l lrecord s i n p l e pu lses down to a 50 ns one.

The memory s w i t c h a l lows t h e p u l s e l e d to come on and s t a y ona t any change i n s t a t e o f t h e i n p u t . T h i s i s handy when t r a c i n ga s i n g l e narrow pu lse t h a t i s n o t r e p e t i t i v e and can a l s o b e usedt o d e t e c t power i n t e r r u p t i o n s .

F o r CMOS app l i ca t ions , t h i s probe w i l l d e t e c t t h e problemalmost a l l t h e t i m e i f t h e power s u p p l y is at 5 Vo l t s f o r t h ec i r c u i t s and t h e p r o b e . The o n l y t i m e y o u might f a i l t o g e t ap r o p e r i n d i c a t i o n o n t h e probe i s when t h e s i g n a l s d o n o t reach thef u l l h i g h or low po ten t ia l s due to l o a d i n g . T h i s h a s n ' t happenedt o m e y e t .

Const ruc t ion of my model was on some p e r f board and slippedi n t o a s h o r t l e n g t h o f 1 " copper t u b i n g i n which I had d r i l l e d 3h o l e s f o r t h e red, green, and amber l e d s . I ins ta l led a t e s t probei n t o a p l a s t i c crutch t i p and sl ipped i t o n one end and t h e switchand s h o r t length of coax power cable on a crutch t i p s l ipped o n t ot h e o t h e r end. Any t y p e o f h o l d e r such a s a p e n l i t e case, a c i g a rcase, o r s i m i l a r cou ld b e used.

T h i s p robe works v e r y w e l l ( a l o t b e t t e r t h a n most I ‘ v e t r i e d )and has become ind ispens ib le f o r work on my system and o t h e r p r o j e c t s .Whi le i t c a n ' t r e p l a c e a good scope, i t c e r t a i n l y b e a t s m y RadioShack $ 9 m u l t i m e t e r.

) m x n.7v

Ml 72.6 VLEVEL

LO < .8 V

PROBE H I z .O7maLOAD LO:‐ .Ohma

r u r n w - v t m

2 ‘ !

EPROM BURNER WITH PERSONALITY MODULE

BY D. WARNUK

THUNDER BAY ONTARIO P78 5E3

I WIREWRAPPED THE "EPROM BURNER" IN I . F . #36 AND USED IT WITH2716 C H I P S . TO INCREASE I T S V B R S AT I L I T Y I M O D I F I E D I T SOME WHATAND ADDED A "PERSONALITY MODULE“ MADE FROM A 14 P I N D I P SOCKET.I CAN NOW ALSO U S E 2732 C H I P S . SEE PARTIAL DIAGRAM OF HOW I D I DK T. .F . S . SOOM TO COME: ELFA ‐ OMEGA.

THC 17312':\0 :e Z:,_’‐4 I?)

7774 3 ' \ .w i: 205 ‘hw 5

ll 6 10K6 L ..7 , 7 / 1’

JLQ‘k #oIDo‐f HOIl>‐‐_.,° ‐ ‐ ‐ > 18

w ++2‘5 do * 7‘0

e L fl q ,

‐ a §.005 o_ a"

n5_T‘_'é1 ‘ 1 1 [ { ‐ ‐ ‐ c 7

25

RS-Z3ZC INTERFACE- BY 8. WRPHY, L P. #5, p. 4]

I f y o u a r e f o r t u n a t e enough t o have a n RS‐232 device s u c h a s at e r m i n a l , d i g i t a l casset te deck, e t . , and wonder how t o p l u g t h a tf u n n y 25 p i n connector i n t o y o u r m i c r o , t h i s a r t i c l e should be ofi n t e r e s t t o you .

B y u s i n g t h e c i r c u i t i n fi g u r e 1 , I was ab le t o connect a 300BPS ASCI I te rmina l to my TEE‐1802. The CDh0h9 was included m a i n l ya s a b u f f e r , a s I was a l i t t l e nervous h a v i n g a c h i p t h a t h a s +/‑1 2 v o l t s o n i t s i n p u t l i n e t i e d d i r e c t l y t o t h e 1802 CPU! Perhapsa 10K p u l l u p r e s i s t o r should e x i s t between the MClh89L and t h eCDAOAQ - m y i n t e r f a c e works fi n e w i t h o u t i t .

The MClu89L is a HS‐232-C l i n e r e c e i v e r and t h e MClh88L is t h em a t c h i n g l i n e d r i v e r c h i p . These c h i p s a r e e a s y t o u s e and o n l yc o s t $1.25 each. There a r e a c t u a l l y h receivers/drivers in eachc h i p 59 t h a t o t h e r dev i ces can use t h e f r e e sec t i ons . I f y o u a r en o t u s i n g a l l i n v e r t e r s i n t h e CDh0b9, you should t i e a l l i n p u tl i n e s to g round .

I n o r d e r t o t e s t o u t t h e i n t e r f a c e , t h e program found i n l i s t i n g1 was w r i t t e n . Note t h a t t h e i n p u t and ou tpu t r o u t i n e s a r e w r i t t e na s s u b r o u t i n e s , s o t h a t t h e y can b e " l i f t e d " f o r o t h e r programs. I fy o u r sys tem c lock i s r u n n i n g a t a speed other t h a n 1 MHZ, t h e n t h ec o n s t a n t s in statements 73 and 10h w i l l have to be a d j u s t e d accord‑i n g l y . The v a l u e s in t h e program l i s t i n g a r e f o r 300 BPS, and c a nbe changed to r u n at o t h e r speeds i f requ i red.

References:I . User manual f o r t h e CDISOZ Cosmac M i c r o p r o c e s s o r , MPMZOlA,

RCA Corporat ion, p. 73.2. App l i ca t i on n o t e f o r MClLHQ, D8917}, Motorola Semiconductor

Products I n c .3. Appl icat ion note f o r MClhBBL, DS9162, Motorola Semiconductor

Products I n c .A . EIA Standard RS‐232-C, E l e c t r o n i c Indus t r ies Assoc ia t ion ,

Wash ing ton , D . C . 20006.5. L a n c a s t e r 'SERIAL INTERFACE', B y t e Magazine, September 1975, p. 22 .6 . RCA COS/MOSy SSD-2OBC, RCA Corpo ra t i on .

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27

Lo tn o n tons 5 M ! :ounte S u l t a n a I a n z v 0 ! 1 . )

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1 2 3 -0 0 M 1 2 ‘ END

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s m u n t n u t s :uAKNLOnP 0 0 11 n e t ! o n ) :TXIEYUKN fl fl l F I n s u l i n 0 M 2u m e r oozo a n u I l l D I ) ”rxsmrv 0021 IKSVAIY nown t v n m o n “ K K LW ' 0052a n ” n o n l u v a u u u

S u p e r E l f 7 ‐ segment D i s p l a y R e p l a c e m e n t sby Steven S. C o l e s

Easy i n t e r f a c i n g and t h e a b i l i t y t o r u n o n b a t t e r y power haveb r o u g h t s e v e r a l 1802-based s i n g l e board c o m p u t e r s o u t ofr e t i r e m e n t a t t h e S e a t t l e R o b o t i c s S o c i e t y . Supe r E l v e s a n d SuperE l f Adap te r Boards o b t a i n e d secondhand a r e f r e q u e n t l y l a c k i n g t h eEND 500/503/560 h a l f - i n c h - h i g h common ca thode 7-segment d i s p l a y sf o r h i g h a n d l o w a d d r e s s . T h e s e n u m b e r s a r e n o l o n g e r s t o c k e d b ya n y s u p p l i e r I c o n t a c t e d . H o w e v e r , t w o d a y s o f phone c a l l s a n dd i g g i n g t h r o u g h s u r p l u s b i n s l o c a t e d t h e f o l l o w i n g s u b s t i t u t e s :Radio Shack 276 ‐ 16h7, Heath/Zenith 411 ‐ 819 , Heath/Zenith 4 11 ‐ 8 8 h ,W i l l i a m J . P u r d y Company AND 362R, G e n e r a l I n s t r u m e n t MAN 6780 ,H e w l e t t Packa rd HDSP 5503 a n d Te x a s I n s t r u m e n t s T I L 322A . TheR a d i o Shack p a r t i s u s u a l l y f o u n d o n t h e d i s c o n t i n u e d i t e m t a b l e ,i f a t a l l . Those s t o c k i n g t h e T I L 322A s a i d t h a t t h e y w o u l d n o tb e o b t a i n i n g n e w s t o c k a f t e r A p r i l , 1986. A l a r g e i n v e n t o r y o fT I L 322A was f o u n d a t t h e C h i c a g o , I l l i n o i s w a r e h o u s e o f M a r s h a l lE l e c t r o n i c I n d u s t r i e s . W h i l e I h a v e n o t t r i e d t h e F a i r c h i l d END530/540/550. t h e y do have t h e c o r r e c t p i n o u t a n d p r o v i d e g r e e n ,y e l l o w a n d amber l i g h t . A s t h e s e r e q u i r e s l i g h t l y h i g h e r v o l t a g e .D19 and/or D20 (CR1 and/or CR2 o n t h e a d a p t e r b o a r d ) m a y h a v e t ob e j u m p e r e d , i n w h i c h c a s e d i s p l a y t y p e s s h o u l d n o t b e m i x e d .P r i c e s f o r t h e d i s p l a y s I d i d o b t a i n r a n g e d f r o m $ 1 . 3 9 t o $ 3 . 1 5( Y a n k l a n d i s h d o l l a r s ) .

T h e 4368/9368 d i s p l a y d r i v e r c h i p s ( a n d t h e MAN 6 7 8 0 ' s ) w e r ef o u n d a t A c t i v e E l e c t r o n i c s .

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A SIMPLE 'CAPS‐IDCK' CIRCUIT N. Bowdish

Some t ime a g o I purchased a u s e d A S C I I k e y b o a r d f o r my system. T h ekeyboard h a s a s ing le c h i p k e y b o a r d encoder which is capab le ofgenerating t h e f u l l 128 A S C I I cha rac te r s e t . U n f o r t u n a t e l y i t i s atypewr i ter s t y l e keyboard . T h e unshi f ted o u t p u t c o n s i s t s of l o w e r c a s ea lphabet ic c h a r a c t e r s , d i g i t s a n d some s p e c i a l c h a r a c t e r s . The s h i f tk e y causes t h e u p p e r c a s e c h a r a c t e r s t o b e g e n e r a t e d . Th is s e t u p i sfi n e f o r many a p p l i c a t i o n s b u t m o s t mon i to rs a n d languages o n l y a c c e p tu p p e r c a s e l e t t e r s . What t o do?

When t h e keyboard was purchased ( s e v e r a l peop le g o t t h a n at a b o u t t h esame t i m e ) F r a n k Ditomaso s p e n t many h o u r s d e t e r m i n i n g how t h ekeyboards worked ( you d o n ' t g e t much documentation f o r $20 ). F r a n kfound t h a t t h e encoder c h i p genera ted a r a t h e r i n t e r e s t i n g b i t ( I ' l lc a l l i t t h e CAPS b i t ) a l o n g w i t h t h e u s u a l d a t a and p a r i t y b i t s . Thef o l l o w i n g t a b l e shows h m t h i s b i t i s r e l a t e d t o t h e A S C I I codes.‑

A S C I I code CAPS b i t A S C I I d a t a b i t 5( h e x )

00 - 1F 0 0

20 - 3F 1 1

40 ~ 51“ o ' o

60 - 7F 0 f o r l o w e r c a s e (61-71“) 11 f o r a l l o t h e r cha rac te r s

I n o r d e r t o c o n v e r t l o w e r case t o uppe r c a s e , a l l t h a t h a s t o b e donei s t o l o g i c a l l y AND d a t a b i t 5 a n d t h e CAPS b i t a n d u s e t h e r e s u l t a sd a t a b i t 5 o f t h e c h a r a c t e r . The f o l l o w i n g schematic shows a c i r c u i tw h i c h w i l l d o t h i s . I h a d a 7400 i n t h e j u n k b o x s o t h a t i s w h a t t h ec i r c u i t i s b a s e d o n . The s w i t c h was mounted on t h e keyboard c a s e a n dl a b e l e d a p p r o p r i a t e l y .

c a p s a n 4

D a m 817'5‑(Ir/(“om rucaDIP) c a p ;

L C ' C K

\ w ‐ h D e v :J W W . “ ( 0 “ , v

29

C Z L _ L J 1 3 C3C3P1P1LJTV I G I L J E

NAME: ________ D AT E : ________________

PRODUCT DRDER‘ Q T Y . U N I T P R I C E TO TA L

C P U B O A R D ____ 5 9 1 - 6 6 ‘ 3 0 . 0 0B A C K P L A N E a . 1 / 0 B O A R D V E R . Z M a r - 9 9 2 5 - 0 0F R O N T P A N E L W I T H EPRDM P R O G . , C L O C K 4 5 + € € ~ 2 5 . 0 0VDU B O A R D V E R - Z “ S P E C I A L ” 4 5 * 0 9 ~ 2 5 - 0 0EPRDM/RAM ( B Y T E N I D E k E P R O M ) " S P E C I A L " _ ‐25- r99~ 2 5 . 0 080 X 25 V I D E O BOARD csosoa 2 5 . 0 0D I S K CONTROLLER B O A R D V E R . 2 _ _ 4 K H 4 M } 2 5 . 0 0B O A R D S AVA I L A B L E W I L L B E S H I P P E D . EXCESS PAYMENT W I L L B E RETURNED.

W I T H THE PURCHASE OF A COMPLETE S E T OF BOARDS WE W I L L G I V E A 5 0 % DISCOUNTT O T A L P R I C E W I T H DISCUUNT=137v50 ‘ 5 . 0 0 S H I P P I N G k H A N D L I N G

S O F T W A R E S U P P L I E D IN NETRDNICS C A S S E T T E FORMAT

F i g . F O R T H ‐ 6 K ‐ 0 0 0 0 1 4 5 1 0 . 0 0 ___.__T i n y P I L O T - 2K - OOOOH 1 0 1 0 0 ___.___SYMON - 2K - OOOOH 1 0 . 0 0 _. ‑SYDOS - 4K - D D O O H 1 0 . 0 0 _.C H I P S A E - 1 . 5 K ‐ 1 0 0 0 H 1 0 . 0 0 _ ,S PA C E u A R - d l s k - 3 2 k a . t a p e - 3 2 k ____ 1 5 . 0 0cosmxc c c w o u s s ‘ r - t a p e - 3 2 k ____ 1 0 . 0 0 _ _

P R I C E NOTE

P r i c e s l i s t e d a r e i n l o c a l + u n d s . A m e r fl c a n s a n d o v e r s e a s p a y i n U . S . f u n d sC a n a d i a n s i n . C a n a d i a n f u n d s . O v e r s e a s o r d e r s : f o r a l l l t e m s a d d $ 1 0 . 0 0 + u ra i r m a i l p n s i a g e . P l e a s e u s e m a n y o r d e r s o r b a n k d r a + t f o r p r o m p s h s p m e n t .P e r s o n a l c h e q u e s r e q u i r e u p t o s i x w e e k s f o r b a n k c l e a r a n c e p r l o r t o s h i p ‑

p i n g o r d e r s .

S A L E S P O L I C Y

A L L O F T H E A B O V E PRODUCTS WORK I N A ACE c o n fi g u r e d m i c r o c o m p u t e r . W e w i l le n d e v e r t o a s s i s t I n c u s t o m a p p l X C A C l n n s , b u t a s s u m e n o l l a b i l l t y f o r s u c hu s e . O r d e r s w i l l b e s h l p p e d a s p r o m p t l y a s p a y m e n t l s g u a r a n t e e d .

EDITOR/ASSEMBLER ‘ ' 5

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