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Masthead

UNITING THE VIBRANT WORLD OF WATER - TO PROVIDE A PROACTIVE PLATFORM FOR THE WATER INDUSTRY TO CONVERGE AND WORK TOGETHER IN ACHIEVING SOLUTIONS TO GLOBAL WATER PROBLEMS.

Printed & Published by S. Shanmugam on behalf of WATER TODAY PVT. LTD.

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Published at 3D, IIIrd Floor Bhagheeratha Residency, 124, Marshall’s Road, Egmore, Chennai - 600 008

Tamil Nadu, India

8 Water Today I August 2016

C O N T E N T S

ZLD of City Sewage - A Tale of Two Cities Orange County &

Chennai.........26This article elaborates the need for ZLD in Sewage and

illustrates a tale of two Cities Orange County & Chennai. By A Jawahar Thomas, Dr S Saktheeswaran, Dr S Sundaramoorthy

The Value Assessment of Zero Liquid Discharge............36

This article provides a brief overview of zero liquid discharge technologies, then outlines the stakeholder

space to highlight drivers and constraints ofimplementing a potential application.

By Dr. John. W. Norton, Jr., PE

Water Stress in India & Adoption of Zero Liquid Discharge

Strategy...........42This article assesses the real situation with special emphasis

on the need of zero liquid discharge strategyBy Arvind Kumar Jha

Zero Liquid Discharge.........50To achieve ZLD many chemical processes and equipment are available. This article will be focusing on evaporation using Mechanical Vapor Recompressor.By Bharat Anjaria

Optimization of Water Reuse Network Using Water Pinch Technology by Considering Single Contaminant.........58This article discusses the water network analysis using Water Pinch Technology for water minimization in Kaduna Oil Refinery considering single contaminant.By Dr. Abdullahi S. A., Falconer R.E & Akunna J.C

ZLD – An Idealised Situation........76ZLD is an ideal solution. An ideal may be too costly to attain. No industry would adopt a system which will put an unbearable burden on the unit. Read on...By Dr. K.K. Banerjee

10 Water Today I August 2016

Masthead ....................................8

Water Wire.................................14

Launch Pad................................18

Event Zone.................................20

Product Zone.............................24

Editorial Calendar....................103

Subscription Form....................107

Classifieds...............................108

Ad. Index..................................113

Editor’s Note.............................114

RE

GU

LA

RS

ZLD of Wastewater in Steel Industry.......84

By Umesh Patel

Chemicals Producer Reuses Wastewater Treated with

MBR for Domestic use......92By Alfa Laval

Connecting IT with Operational & Engineering

Technology for Asset Performance Modeling......94

By Bhupinder Singh & Anne-Marie Walters

Leakage Detection and Management in our Municipal Water Supply Networks...........100By Prakash Muthuswamy

SCALE-BAN™ - The Only Efficient Solution to your Water Woes & ZLD.......104By Purnendu Dutt

C O N T E N T S

ZLD Solutions: Needs & Applications......80

The article intended to cover Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) Solutions - Needs and Applications.

By Daniel L. Theobald

12 Water Today I August 2016

ZLD Solutions: Needs & Applications

The article intended to cover Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) Solutions - Needs and Applications.

By Daniel L. Theobald

This is another in a series of educational

articles on water/wastewater!

This document is intended to

cover Zero Liquid Discharge Solutions

- Needs and Applications.

This is another in a series of educational articles on water/wastewater! This document is intended to cover Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) Solutions - Needs and Applications.

This generic presentation utilizes my extended number of years of experience working with ZLD Solutions - Needs & Applications:

Presentation Details

OverviewApplications and UsesConclusion

Overview

Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) consist of industrial wastewater treatment processes developed to totally wipe out all liquid discharges from the industrial facility.

A Zero liquid discharge is a procedure that is beneficial to industrial and municipal governing bodies as well as the environment because it saves money and no liquid effluent, is discharged from the facility. ZLD systems employ the most advanced wastewater treatment technologies to purify and recycle virtually all of the wastewater produced.

Also Zero liquid discharge technologies help industry meet discharge and water reuse requirements, enabling businesses to:

• Meet stringent cooling tower blowdown and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) discharge regulations.

• Treat and recover valuable products from waste streams.

• Better manage process water.

Applications and Uses

Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) Solutions - Needs and Applications can be achieved with multiple uses of the following:

80 Water Today l August 2016

Recycling and Reusing

Recycling and Reusing can include the following:

Ultra-Filtration

Ultrafiltration (UF) is a sort of membrane filtration in which forces like pressure or concentration gradients lead to a separation through a semipermeable membrane. Suspended solids and solutes of high molecular weight are held back in the so-called retentate, while water and low molecular weight solutes pass through the membrane in the permeate. This separation process is practiced in industry and research for purifying and concentrating macro-molecular solutions, especially protein solutions. Ultra-filtration is not essentially different from micro-filtration. Both of these separate based on size exclusion or particle capture.

Reverse Osmosis

Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification technology that uses a semipermeable membrane to remove ions, molecules, and larger particles from drinking water. In reverse osmosis, an applied force per unit area is applied to overcome osmotic pressure, a colligative property, that is driven by chemical potential differences of the solvent, a thermodynamic parameter.Reverse osmosis can remove many types of dissolved and suspended species from water, including bacteria, and is practiced in both industrial processes and the production of potable water. The result is that the solute is retained on the pressurized side of the membrane and the pure solvent is allowed to pass to the other side. To be “selective”, this membrane should not allow large molecules or ions through the pores (holes), but should allow smaller components of the solution (such as solvent molecules) to pass freely.

Evaporation or Boiling to separate the water portion of wastewater which is not reusable

A definition of Evaporation or Boiling to separate the water portion of wastewater which is not reusable is to turn the liquid form of a chemical in its gaseous form. The liquid is evaporated, or vaporized, into a gas.

Crystallization and Condensate Recovery

Crystallization is the (natural or artificial) process where a solid forms where the atoms or molecules are highly organized in a structure known as a crystal. Some of the ways which crystals form is through precipitating from a solution, melt or, more

rarely deposited directly from a flatulence. Crystallization is also a chemical solid–liquid separation technique, in which mass transfer of a solute from the liquid solution to a pure solid crystalline phase occurs. In chemical engineering crystallization occurs within Industry with a a Crystallizing Unit. Crystallization is therefore related to precipitation, although the effect is not amorphous or disordered, but a crystal.

Production of Solid Waste

In wastewater treatment, de-watering is the part of the process whereby sludges are reduced in volume and converted from a liquid to a solid product. Bio-solids de-watering typically occurs when transportation and storage costs for larger volumes can be reduced or when the material is destined for landfill. The bio-solids de-watering process, not only affects the volume amount, but also the nutrient and odor levels of the material.

De-Watering Techniques:

Centrifuge: This type of separator works in a similar nature to a front loading washing machine. The spinning action makes a breakup of water from the solids. This operation typically requires a large power input and polymer addition. The scheme functions best with a consistent slurry or feed sludge and provides a de-watered product between 15-40% solids.

Belt Press: If a centrifuge type separator can be compared to a front loading washing machine, then the belt press type separator can be likened to a wringer on an old washing machine. The method of separation is primarily obtained by passing a pair of filtering cloths or belts through a system of rollers. The Press Filtration Process Unit takes a sludge or slurry as a feed, and separates it into a filtrate and a de-watered product between 10-40% solids.

Rotary Vacuum: This method of de-watering involves the suction of liquid through a filter. Because the filter itself can be altered depending on the project needs, the solids capture rate is very high. Material can be filtered down near 0.5 microns producing unparalleled effluent quality. This procedure, while slower than other mechanical de-watering options provide 15-50% solids.

Water Today l August 2016 81

Conclusion

Allow us all act our part by examining the use of these suggestions to useZLD Solutions to achieve Zero Liquid Discharge. On that point are some explanations of ZLD Solutions - Needs and Applications, and then hopefully you are ready to Begin now to:Achieve Zero Liquid Discharge.

Daniel L. Theobald is “Wastewater Dan,” proprietor of Environmental Services. He is a professional wastewater and safety consultant/trainer with more than 24 years

of hands-on industry experience operating many variants of wastewater treatment processing units and is eager to share with others his knowledge about water conservation. Wastewater Dan can be reached at TheWastewaterWiz01@gmail.com or www.Conserve-On-Water.com

About the Author

82 Water Today l August 2016