Editing lesson 2012

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AS Media Studies Unit G322a Editi ng

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Transcript of Editing lesson 2012

Page 1: Editing lesson 2012

AS Media StudiesUnit G322a

Editing

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What are we looking for when analysing editing in a clip?

Task 1:• Write down as many elements, that come

under editing, as you can think of (2 mins)

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What are we looking for when analysing editing in a clip?

• Order of shots • Continuity• Transitions • Shot duration• Pace and rhythm• Special effects

You need to be able to discuss

how these technical

elements help create meaning.

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Order of shots

• The meaning of a clip can change depending on the order the shots are cut together

• Hitchcock Loves Bikinishttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCAE0t6KwJY&feature=PlayList&p=DC6A8F00C8251D25&index=3

• Putting two shots together can suggest a connection or emphasise contrast (juxtaposition).

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ContinuityContinuity editing• Cutting shots to tell a story with narrative continuity, helping the viewer

make sense of the action by implying spatial relationships and ensuring smooth flow from shot to shot.

• Continuity techniques:• Establishing shot (establishes the space in which action is to happen)• The 180º rule (ensures that the same space is described in each shot)• Shot/reverse shot• Eyeline match (e.g. character looks off-screen, next shot shows us

what they see)• Match on action (character begins to move in one shot, we see

continuation of the same movement in the next shot)

• Realism - edit is invisible so action appears real rather than constructed.

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Non-Continuity

• Montage – giving information in compressed form – can come under…

• Non-continuity editing – Continuity is broken and construction is more apparent. Meaning often created through juxtaposition and metaphor shot inserts.

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Transitions

• The process of cutting from one shot to another usually involves a simple straight cut. However there are other means of transition available to a film editor, e.g.

• Fade to black• Dissolve/cross fade• Wipe• What meaning could be created by the use of the transitions

above?• As well as simply moving to another shot, transitions can imply

a passage of time or location, or emphasise a connection, perhaps what a character is thinking or dreaming about (dissolve/cross fade).

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Fade – the preceding shot fades into black from which the following shot emerges.

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Fade – the preceding shot fades into black from which the following shot emerges.

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Fade – the preceding shot fades into black from which the following shot emerges.

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Dissolve or cross fade – the preceding shot merges into the following shot, resulting in the two shots being superimposed. The longer the dissolve the more noticeable the superimposition becomes.

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Dissolve or cross fade – the preceding shot merges into the following shot, resulting in the two shots being superimposed. The longer the dissolve the more noticeable the superimposition becomes.

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Dissolve or cross fade – the preceding shot merges into the following shot, resulting in the two shots being superimposed. The longer the dissolve the

more noticeable the superimposition becomes.

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Shot duration/pace• The duration of a shot will usually reflect the

narrative context.

• Generally speaking short shot duration conveys action and urgency (say in a chase sequence). Click here for a chase sequence from Die Another Day. See if you can count the number of shots!

• Whilst long duration conveys intensity and intimacy within the narrative, it allows us to focus upon facial expression and other aspects of mise en scene which would otherwise be missed.

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Some editing devices

• Parallel editing - crosscutting or intercutting between different locations can convey the impression that two or more events are occurring simultaneously. This is often used to build tension.

• split screen – where the frame is split into sections so that we can see different events occurring at the same time. This technique was used on the TV series 24.

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Editing controls what information we get and when we get it

When analysing a clip consider how editing techniques are used to control:

• What information is revealed to or hidden froma) the characters?b) the audience?

• As well as being used for dramatic effect, this control of information can tell you whose perspective is privileged - this is important when considering representation.