Lecture Notes in Computer Science Edited by G. Goos, J. Hartmanis and J. van Leeuwen

1311

Advisory Board: W. Brauer D. Gries J. Stoer

Alberto Del Bimbo (Ed.)

A ly" Image na and Processing 9th International Conference, ICIAP '97 Florence, Italy, September 17-19, 1997 Proceedings, Volume II

~ Springer

Series Editors

Gerhard Goos, Karlsruhe University, Germany

Juris Hartmanis, Cornell University, NY, USA

Jan van Leeuwen, Utrecht University, The Netherlands

Volume Editor

Alberto Del Bimbo Universit~t di Firenze, Dipartimento di Sistemi e Informatica Via di Santa Marta, 3, 1-50139 Firenze, Italy E-mail: delbimbo @ aguirre.ing.unifi.it

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Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme

Image analysis and processing : 9th international conference ; proceedings / ICIAP '97, Florence, Italy, September 17 - 19, 1997. Albert DelBimbo (ed.). - Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York ; Barcelona ; Budapest ; Hong Kong ; London ; Milan ; Paris ; Santa Clara ;

• Singapore ; Tokyo : Springer Literaturangaben

Vol. 2 (1997) (Lecture notes in computer science ; Vol. 1311) ISBN 3-540-63508-4

CR Subject Classification (1991): 1.4, 1.5, 1.3.3, 1.3.5, 1.3.7, 1.2.10

ISSN 0302-9743 ISBN 3-540-63508-4 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York

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M e s s a g e f r o m t h e G e n e r a l C h a i r

This volume collects proceedings of ICIAP'97, September 17-19, 1997, Florence, Italy. ICIAP'97 is the ninth meeting of the International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, organized biennially by the Italian Chapter of the Inter- national Association for Pattern Recognition (IAPR). Following the successful 1995 meeting in Sanremo, ICIAP'97 is held in the magnificent city of Florence, one of the most beautiful and famous cities in the world, renown for its artistic and cultural heritage. The 1997 ICIAP conference is one of the largest ever, with over 200 participants coming from almost every part of the world. This confirms the success of this initiative of the IAPR Italian Chapter, as well as the very good work carried out by the organizers of the previous ICIAP meetings.

We received a very large submission of 304 papers from 40 different countries, confirming the intense and ever growing activity in imaging technology research and development,.worldwide. Papers covered basic research topics in image anal- ysis, pattern recognition and computer vision, as well as applications of these technologies to real problems. Basic topics addressed included image enhance- ment, image segmentation, image compression, motion analysis, object recog- nition, image understanding, and special hardware architectures and systems. Applications were in the fields of biomedicine, character recognition, safety and surveillance, object identification and inspection, and quality control in manu- facturing, among others. Growing and emerging research and application topics, such as image and video databases, vision-assisted man-machine interaction, and color image processing were also strongly represented.

The reviewing process resulted in the selection of 173 papers. Only papers that received high ranks by all the reviewers were accepted for presentation at ICIAP'97. Oral presentations were limited to 42, organized in 12 sessions. Four poster sessions included 131 papers. In setting the conference program, we fa- vored large poster sessions to encourage interactivity between researchers and promote exchanges and the establishment of new links. We invited four distin- guished speakers, Dr. Dragutin Petkovic, from IBM Almaden Research Center, Prof. Jake Aggarwal, from Texas University at Austin, Prof. Linda Shapiro, from Washington University in Seattle, and Prof. Ramesh Jain, from the University of California at San Diego, to predict the state of imaging technologies in 2000 and suggest research perspectives and trends for the near future. For the first time, ICIAP'97 hosts a special session devoted to successful ongoing or recently com- pleted projects in image analysis and processing and computer vision, developed under European Community programs. A total of 9 poster presentations were accepted. Dr. Kostas Glinos, EU officer from DG III in Brussels, was invited to provide a view of forthcoming EU programs and opportunities in these fields for research and industry communities. This session was prepared in cooperation with APRE, the Florence Agency for European Research Development, and will hopefully stimulate interaction and technology transfer between research and industrial communities.

vI

I would like to thank IAPR Italian Chapter for allowing us to organize this conference in Florence and IAPR for its sponsorship. Moreover, I gratefully thank Provincia di Firenze, and particularly its Vice-President Riccardo Conti, for their financial backing and sponsorship of this initiative and wise sensitivity in understanding our effort in this task. Thanks are also due to CESVIT SpA, Florence, and its President Sergio Bertini and General Manager Silvestro Mi- tolo; to Bassilichi Sviluppo SpA and its president Luca Bassilichi; to OTE SpA, Florence, and its President Carlo Lastrucci; to Logitron SpA, Florence, and its President Andrea Ripasarti; to SESA SpA, Empoli and its President Paolo Castellacci; as well as to the University of Florence and its Dean Prof. Paolo Blasi, and to the Italian National Council of Research, who all generously sup- ported this event. I also thank Claudia Bianconi, local coordinator of the APRE, who greatly helped us in organizing the special session on EU projects together with the European Community.

An excellent program committee and their colleagues did great work in care- fully reviewing an unexpectedly large number of papers, thus easing the task of selecting the best contributions. Their work is sincerely acknowledged. Special thanks go to Carlo Colombo and Pietro Pala, who made a fundamental, vol- untary, contribution to this conference, helping in managing, working on, and resolving those many problems that a large event like this presents. All the student volunteers of the Visual Information Processing Laboratory at the Uni- versity of Florence are also gratefully acknowledged. Finally, I thank Consulta Umbria Srl and its administrative staff, especially Simona Sarti and Giuseppina Meniconi, who assisted us in the organization of the conference and helped us in too many situations to be remembered here.

I wish to all delegates a very successful conference and hope that many new links will be established, and long lasting friendships will be set and reinforced.

Florence, July 1997 Alberto Del Bimbo

General Chair

Alberto Del Bimbo

Program Chairs

Vito Cappellini Alberto Del Bimbo

Program Committee

Carlo Arcelli Carlo Braccini Michael Brady Virginio Cantoni Roberto Cipolla Luigi P. Cordelia, James L. Crowley Leila De Floriani Ernst Dickmanns Vito Di Gesh Marco Ferretti Herbert Freeman Giovanni Garibotto Marco God Concettina Guerra Sebastiano Impedovo Anil K. Jain Xiaoyi Jiang Josef Kittter Walter Kropatsch Stefano Levialdi Piero Mussio Dragutin Petkovic Matti Pietik~iinen Vito Roberto Masao Sakauchi Alberto Sanfetiu Gabriella Sanniti di Baja Jorge L,C. Sanz Linda G. Shapiro Arnold W.M. Smeulders Renato Stefanelli Anastasios N. Venetsanopoulos Gianni Vernazza Juan Jos~ Villanueva Sergio Vitulano Hezy Yeshurun Bertrand Zavidovique

VII

University of Florence, I

University of Florence, I University of Florence, I

CNR Arco Felice Naples, I University of Genoa, I

University of Oxford, UK University of Pavia, I

University of Cambridge, UK University of Naples, I

INPG Grenoble, F University of Genoa, I

Universit/it Bundeswehr Miinchen, D University of Palermo, I

University of Pavia, I Rutgers University, USA

ELSAG BAILEY, Genoa, I University of Siena, I

University of Padoa, I University of Bari, I

Michigan State University, USA University of Bern, CH

University of Surrey, UK Technical University of Vienna, A

University of Roma, I University of Brescia, I

IBM Almaden, USA University of Oulu, SF University of Udine, I University of Tokyo, J

Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, E CNR Arco Fetice Naples, I

IBM Argentina, ARG University of Washington, USA

University of Amsterdam, NL Politecnico di Milano, I

University of Toronto, CAN University of Cagliari, I

Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, E University of Cagliari, I Tel Aviv University, IL Universit~ Paris XI, F

VIII

Local Organizing C o m m i t t e e

Luciano Alparone Stefano Baronti Carlo Colombo Jacopo M. Corridoni Alberto Del Bimbo Marco Lusini Pietro Pala Enrico Vicario

University of Florence, I IROE-CNR Florence, I University of Brescia, I

University of Florence, I University of Florence, I University of Florence, I University of Florence, I University of Florence, I

S p o n s o r e d b y :

IAPR - Italian Association for Pattern Recognition DSI - Dipartimento Sistemi e Informatica, Universit£ degli Studi di Firenze

S u p p o r t e d by:

Universit~ degli Studi di Firenze CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Provincia di Firenze CESVIT SpA - Firenze APRE - Firenze Bassilichi Sviluppo SpA - Firenze Logitron SpA - Firenze OTE SpA - Firenze SESA SpA - Empoli

T a b l e o f C o n t e n t s - V o l u m e I I

Keynote Address

Content-Centric Computing in Visual Systems R. Jain

Session 9: Image Databases

Color Image Retrieval Fitted to "Classical" Querying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 J. Martinez, S. Guillaume

Quality Measures for Interactive Image Retrieval with a Performance Evaluation of Two 3 × 3 Texel-based Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 D.P. Huijsmans, M.S. Lew, D. Denteneer

Holographic Image Representations: The Fourier Transform Method . . . . . . . 30 A.M. Bruckstein, R.J. Holt, A.N. Netravali

Image Databases Are Not Databases with Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 S. Santini, R. Jain

P o s t e r Session C: Compress ion , H a r d w a r e &: Software , Image Databases, Neura l Networks , Ob jec t Recogn i t i on &: R e c o n s t r u c t i o n

Customizing MPEG Video Compression Algorithms to Specific Application Domains: The Case of Highway Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 N. Zingirian, P. Baglietto, M. Maresca, M. Migliardi

A New Lossless Image Compression Algorithm Based on Arithmetic Coding 54 B. Carpentieri

Analysis of a Two Step MPEG Video System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 L. Teixeira

Dedicated Hardware Processors for a Real-Time Image Data Pre-processing Implemented in FPGA Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 K. Wiatr

Wavelet Transform Architectures: A System Level Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 M. Ferretti, D. Rizzo

Lossless Compression of Pre-press Images Using a Novel Colour Decorrelation Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 S. Van Assche, W. Philips, L Lemahieu

Real Time Hardware Architecture for Visual Robot Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 F. Marino, E. Stetla, N. Veneziani, A. Distante

Speeding Up Fractal Encoding of Images Using a Block Indexing Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 R. Distasi, M. Nappi, S. Vitulano

Adding Associative Meshes to the PACCO I.P. Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 A. Biancardi, A. Mdrigot

Smoothing of MPEG Multi-program Video Coding for Packet Networks .. 117 L. Teixeira, T. Andrade

Audio-visual Processing for Scene Change Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 C. Saraceno, R. geonardi

Weighted Walkthroughs in Retrieval by Content of Pictorial Data . . . . . . . . 132 E. Vicario, W.X. He

A New Approach to Computation of Curvature Scale Space Image for Shape Similarity Retrieval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 F. Mokhtarian, S. Abbasi, J. Kittler

Optimal Keys for Image Database Indexing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 M.S. Lew, D.P. Huijsmans, D. Denteneer

The Terminological Image Retrieval Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 C. Meghini, F. Sebastiani, U. Straccia

Novel Block Truncation Coding of Image Sequences for Limited-Color Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 S.-C. Pei, C.-M. Cheng

Image Registration with Shape Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 S. Moss, E.R. Hancock

Image Retrieval by Color Regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 A. Del Bimbo, M. Mugnaini, P. Pala, F. Turco, L. Verzucoli

Interactive Model-Based Matching Retrieval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 L. Cinque, S. Levialdi, A. Malizia, R. Mancini

Where Are the Ball and Players? Soccer Game Analysis with Color Based Tracking and Image Mosalck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 Y. Seo, S. Choi, H. Kim, K.-S. Hong

Histogram Families for Color-Based Retrieval in Image Databases . . . . . . . . 204 C. Colombo, A. Rizzi, I. Genovesi

Image Retrieval by Multidimensional Elastic Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 P. Pala, S. Santini

Optimization Methods in Multilayer Classifier Networks for Automatic Control of Lamellibranch Larva Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 G.G. Vass, M. Daoudi, F. Ghorbel

Neural Networks for Region Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 G. Cucurachi, G. Tascini, F. Piazza

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Static and Dynamic Attractors of Auto-associative Neural Networks . . . . . 238 D.O. Gorodnichy, A.M. Reznik

A Brain-Like Approach to Multistage Hierarchical Image Processing . . . . . 246 L.I. Timchenko, Y.F. Kutaev, M.A. Grudin, S.V. Cepornyuk, D.M. Harvey, A.A. Gertsiy

Contextual Edge Detection Using a Recurrent Neural Network . . . . . . . . . . . 254 A.J. Pinho, L.B. Almeida

A Divide-and-Conquer Strategy in Recovering Shape of Book Surface from Shading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 S.I. Cho, H. Saito, S. Ozawa

Reconstruction of 3D Shape and Texture by Active Rangefinding . . . . . . . . 270 Y. Sato, T. Ishikawa, M. Otsuki

Waveleta for Multiresotution Shape Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 M.G. Albanesi, L. Lombardi

Invariant Object Representation and Recognition Using Lie Algebra of Perceptual Vector Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 J. Chao, A. Karasudani, K. Minowa

A Fast Approach for Determining of Visibility of 3D Object ' s Surfaces . .. 292 N.M. Sirakov

Direct Aspect-Based 3D Object Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 M. Pontil, A. Verri

Visualizing Parametr ic Surfaces at Variable Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 L. De Floriani, P. Magillo, E. Puppo

Learning Visual Ideals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 M. Burge, W. Burger

Session 10: Recogni t ion & Reconstruct ion

Adaptive Non-cartesian Networks for Vision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 J.R. Serra, J.B. Subirana

Adaptive Logic Networks for Facial Feature Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 D.O. Gorodnichy, W.W. Armstrong, X. Li

An Appearance-Based Approach to Gesture-Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 J. Martin, J.L. Crowley

Exponential Vector Field Tomography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 K. Str~hl@n

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Poster Session D: Biomedical Applications, Detection, Control Surveillance, Inspection, Optical Character Recognition

Detection of Rib Shadows in Digital Chest Radiographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 S. Sarkar, S. Chaudhuri

A Markov Random Field Model for Bony Tissue Classification . . . . . . . . . . . 364 J.M. Pardo, D. Cabello, J. Heras

A New Methodology to Automatically Segment Biomedical Images . . . . . . . 372 A. Garmdo, N. Pdrez De La Btanca, M. Garcia-Silvente

Histogram-Based Image Registration for Digital Subtraction Angiography 380 T.M. Buzug, J. Weese, C. Lorenz, W. Beil

A Method for Segmentation of CT Head Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 S. LonSarid, D. KovaSevid

Automatic Recognition of Spicules in Mammograms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 H. Jiang, W. Tiu, S. Yamaraoto, S.-i. Iisaku

Specialized Environment for Medical Radiological Image Visualization . . . . 404 V. Di Lecce, A. Guerriero

Interactive Segmentation of 3D Ultrasound Using Deformable Solid Models and Active Contours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 C.R. Dance, M.H. Syn, R. W. Prager, J.P.M. Gosling, L.H. Berman, K.J. Dalton

Computer Aided Diagnosis System for Lung Cancer Based on Helical CT Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 Y. Kawata, K. Kanazawa, S. Toshioka, N. Niki, H. Satoh, H. Ohmatsu, K. Eguchi, N. Moriyama

A Generalized Geometry and Intensity Based Partial Volume Correction for Magnetic Resonance Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 F. Bello, A.C.F. Colchester, S.A. RSll

A Regularization Method for Unfolding the Measured Data of Different X-Ray Spectrometers in Compton Scattering Tomography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 C. Bonifazzi, G. Maino, A. Tartari

Fast Tissue Segmentation Based on a 4D Feature Map: Preliminary Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 S. Vinitski, T. Iwanaga, C. Gonzalez, D. Andrews, R. Knobler, J. Mack

Texture Features in the Classification of Melanocytic Lesions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 J. Kontinen, J. RSning, R.M. MacKie

Segmentation of Sputum Color Image for Lung Cancer Diagnosis Based on Neural Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 S. Rachid, N. Niki, H. Nishitahi, S. Nakamura, S. Mori

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Fast Face Detection via Morphology-Based Pre-processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469 C.-C. Han, H.-Y.M. Liao, G.-J. Yu, L.-H. Chen

Generalization of Shifted Fovea Multiresolution Geometries Applied to Object Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 F. Arrebola, P. Camacho, F. Sandoval

A Long Term Change Detection Method for Surveillance Applications . . . . 485 C.S. Regazzoni, A. Teschioni, E. Stringa

Automatic Pedestrian Recognition Using Real-t ime Motion Analysis . . . . . 493 P. Vannoorenberghe, C. Motamed, J.-M. Blosseville, J.-G. Postaire

Person Identification System Based on a Trapezoid Pyramid Architecture of a Grey-Level Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501 M. Kosugi, K. Yamashita

Autonomous Plant Inspection and Anomaly Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509 M. Gregori, L. Lombardi, M. Savini, A. Scianna

Nobel Chile Jalapefio Sorting Using Structured Laser and Neural Networks Classifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517 F. Hahn, R. Mota

Developement of Image Processing Technique for Detection of the Rescue Target in the Marine Casualty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524 T. Sumimoto, K. Kuramoto, S. Okada, H. Miyauchi, M. Imade, H. Yamamoto, T. Kunishi

Bimodal Histogram Transformation Based on Maximum Likelihood Paramete r Est imates in Univariate Gaussian Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532 N. Schultz, J.M. Carstensen

A Robust Structural Fingerprint Restoration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544 M.H. Ghassemian Yazdi

A System for the Automatic and Real Time Recognition of V.L.P. 's (Vehicle Licence Plate) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552 X.F. Hermida, F.M. Rodrlguez, J.L.F. Lij6, F.P. Sande, M.P. Iglesias

Spatial Correlation Features for SAR Images in a Small Sample Size Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560 R. Vaccaro, S. Dellepiane

Combinat ion of Active Sensing and Sensor Fusion for Collision Avoidance in Mobile Robots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568 T.C.H. Heng, Y. Kuno, Y. Shirai

Underwater Vegetation Detection in High Frequency Sonar Images: A Prel iminary Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576 R. Bozzano, A. Siccardi

XlV

Leather Inspection through Singularities Detection Using Wavelet Transforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584 A. Branca, M.G. Abbate, F.P. Lovergine, G. Attolico, A. Distante

Zoning Design for Handwritten Numeral Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592 G. Dimauro, S. Impedovo, G. Pirlo, A. Salzo

Improving the Use of Contours and Skeletons for Off-Line Cursive Script Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600 A. Chianese, M. De Santo, A. Picariello

Optical Character Recognition Without Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608 M.A. (~zdil, F. T. Yarman- Vural, N. Arica

Automatic Recognition of Printed Arabic Text Using Neural Network Classifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616 A. Amin, M. Kavianifar

A Novel Pair-Wise Recognition Scheme for Handwritten Characters in the Framework of a Multi-expert Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 A.F.R. Rahman, M.C. Fairhurst

A General and Flexible Deskewing Method Based on Generalized Projections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632 E. Del Ninno, G. Nicchiotti, E. Ottaviani

Logical Structure Analysis by Typographic Characteristics Extraction . . . . 639 L. Du~y, F. Lebourgeois, H. Ernptoz

Combining High-Level Features with Sequential Local Features for On-Line Handwriting Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647 J. Hu, A.S. Rosenthat, M.K. Brown

Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition Using Displacement Extraction Based on Directional Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655 Y. Mizukami, K. Koga

Session II: Biomedical Applications

Optical Image Acquisition, Analysis and Processing for Biomedical Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663 D.L. Farka8, B.T. Ballou, C. Du, G.W. Fisher, C. Lau, R.M. Levenson

Segmentation of Ultrasound Image Data by Two Dimensional Autoregressive Modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672 P. Abbott, M. Braun

Comparison and Application of Selected Statistical Shape Models in Medical Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680 A. Neumann, C. Lorenz

Two Motion Detection Algorithms for Projection-Reconstruction Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Theory and Experimental Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688 R. Van de Walle, L Lemahieu, E. Achten

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Session 12: Miscellaneous Applications

Image Analysis and Synthesis Using Physics-Based Modeling for Pearl Quality Evaluation System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697 N. Nagata, T. Dobashi, Y. Manabe, T. Usami, S. Inokuchi

Computer Vision and Image Processing in Postal Automation . . . . . . . . . . . . 705 G. Garibotto, C. Scagtiota

Adaptive Pen User Interface with Supervised Competitive Learning . . . . . . 713 T.D. Kimura

Special Session on European Projects

Joint Detection, Interpolation, Motion and Parameter Estimation for Image Sequences with Missing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719 A.C. Kokaram, S.J. Godsill

The VIRSBS Project: Visual Intelligent Recognition for Secure Banking Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727 M. Tistarelli, E. Grosso, J. Bigun, C. Sacerdoti, J. Santos-Victor, D. Vernon

The ESPRIT LTR Research Project: "Nonlinear Model-Based Analysis and Description of Images for Multimedia Applications (NOBLESSE)" . . . . . . . 735 V. Pahor, G. Ramponi, R. Castagno

Analysis and Segmentation of Remote Sensing Images for Land-Cover Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743 P.C. Stairs, S.B. Serpico

Integration of Optical and Acoustical Imaging Sensors for Underwater Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749 G.G. Pieroni, G.L. Foresti, V. Murino

Project CROMATICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757 L. Khoudour, J.P. Deparis, J.L. Bruyelle, F. Cabestaing, D. Aubert, S. Bouchafa, S.A. Velastin, M.A. Vincencio-Silva, M. Wherett

The COMPARES Project: COnnectionist Methods for Preprocessing and Analysis of REmote Sensing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765 J. Austin, G. Giacinto, I. Kanellopoulos, K. Lees, F. Roll, G. Vernazza, G. Wilkinson

Reconstruction of Severely Degraded Image Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773 A. C. Kokaram

The CRASH Project: Defect Detection and Classification in Ferrite Cores 781 M. Mari, C. Dambra, D. Chetverikov, J. Verestoy, A. Jozwik, M. Nieniewski, L. Chmielewski, M. Sklodowski, W. Cudny, M. Lugg

Author I ndex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789

T a b l e o f C o n t e n t s - V o l u m e I

Keynote Address

Challenges and Opportunities for Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision Research in Year 2000 and Beyond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 D. Petkovic

Session 1: Segmentation

Multiscale Gradient Magnitude Watershed Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 O.F. Olsen, M. Nielsen

Segmentation of Multispectral Images of Works of Art through Principal Component Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 S. Baronti, A. Casini, F. Lotti, S. Poreinai

Session 2: Image Analysis &: Pattern Recognit ion

Muttiscale Edge Detection via Normal Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 C.-J. Sze, H.-Y.M. Liao, H.-L. Hung, K.-C. Fan, J.-W. Hsieh

Extending Adjacency to Fuzzy Sets for Coping with Imprecise Image Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 I. Bloch, H. Maitre

Adaptive Selection of Image Classifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 G. Giacinto, F. Roll

Classification Reliability and Its Use in Multi-classifier Systems . . . . . . . . . . . 46 L.P. Cordelia, P. Foggia, C. Sansone, F. TortoreUa, M. Vento

Poster Session A: Color 8z Texture, Enhancement , Image Analysis 8z Pattern Recognition, Segmentation

Color Linear Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 C.-Y. Kim, Y.-S. Seo, I.-S. Kweon

A Computational Approach to Color Illusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 D. Marini, A. Rizzi

Improved Textured Images Segmentation Using an Energy Functional . . . . . 70 A. Grau, J. Saludes

Contribution to the Colour Segmentation by Means of an Algorithm Which Reduces the CCDs Saturation Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 J. RegincSs Isern, J. Baffle Grabulosa

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Pyramid-Based Multi-sensor Image Data Fusion with Enhancement of Textural Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 B. Aiazzi, L. Alparone, S. Baronti, V. CappeUini, R. Carld, L. Mortelli

Texture Analysis Using Pairwise Interaction Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 D. Chetverikov

Estimation of the Color Image Gradient with Perceptual Attributes . . . . . . 103 P. Pujas, M.-J. Aldon

Contour Line Extraction from Color Images of Scanned Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 M. Lalonde, Y. Li

Subjective Analysis of Edge Detectors in Color Image Processing . . . . . . . . . 119 P. Androutsos, D. Androutsos, K.N. Plataniotis, A.N. Venetsanopoulos

Similarity Measures for Binary and Grey Level Markov Random Field Textures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 A. ~arkacio~lu, F. T. Yarman- Vural

A Simple and Effective Edge Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 C. Ca~orio, E. Di Sciascio, C. Guaragnella, G. Piscitelli

Improvements to Image Magnification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 A. Biancardi, L. Lombardi, V. Pacaccio

Refining Surface Curvature with Relaxation Labeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 R.C. Wilson, E.R. Hancock

Dynamic Scale-Space Theories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 A.H. Salden

Reconstructing Digital Sets from X-Rays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 E. Barcucci, A. Del Lungo, M. Nivat, R. Pinzani, A. Zurli

Pattern Recognition from Compressed Labelled Trees of Fuzzy Regions .. 174 L. Wendling, J. Desachy, A. Paries

Optimality Analysis of Edge Detection Algorithms for Range Images . . . . . 182 X. Jiang

Analysis Situs and Image Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 F. Stoboda, B. Zat'ko

Defining Cost Functions and Profitability Measures for Digraphs Associated with Raster Dems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 P. Matsakis, J. Gadiou, J. Desachy

Using Proximity and Spatial Homogeneity in Neighbourhood-Based Classifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 J.S. Sdnchez, F. PIa, F.J. Ferri

Image Segmentation by Means of Fuzzy Entropy Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 C. Di Ruberto, M. Nappi, S. Vitulano

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Efficient Region Segmentation through "Creep-and-Merge" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 A. Basman, J. Lasenby, R. Cipolla

An Automatic Transformation from Bimodal to Pseudo-Binary Images . . . 231 J.M. Ifiesta, P.J. Sanz, ,~.P. del Pobil

A New Deformable Model for 3D Image Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Z. Zhang, M. Braun, P. Abbott

Evolutionary Image Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 P. Zingaretti, A. Carbonaro, P. Puliti

Discontinuity Adaptive MRF Model for Synthetic Aperture Radar Image Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 P.C. Stairs, S.G. Dellepiane, G. Vernazza

Region Growing Euclidean Distance Transforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 O. Cuisenaire

COP: A New Method for Extracting Edges and Corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 S.C. Bae, LS. Kweon

An Integrated Approach for Segmentation and Representation of Range Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 O.R.P. Bellon, C.L. Tozzi

Session 3: Segmentation 8z Coding

Two-Dimensional Fractal Segmentation of Natural Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 V. Anh, J. Maeda, T. Ishizaka, Y. Suzuki, Q. Tieng

Fast Segmentation of Range Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 M. Haindl, P. Zid

Image Compression Based on Centipede Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 B. Kurt, M. GSkmen, A.K. Jain

Session 4: Color K= T e x t u r e

Unsupervised Texture Segmentation Using Feature Distributions . . . . . . . . . 311 T. Ojala, M. PietikSinen

Color Based Object Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 T. Gevers, A.W.M. Smeulders

Color Texture Classification by Wavelet Energy Correlation Signatures . . . 327 G. Van de Wouwer, S. Livens, P. Scheunders, D. Van Dyck

Cross-Media Color Matching Using Neural Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 E. Boldrin, R. Schettini

XIX

Keynote Address

Object Recognition and Performance Bounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 J.K. Aggarwal, S. Shah

Session 5: Shapes &: Surfaces

Relating Image Warping to 3D Geometrical Deformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 A.L. Yuille, M. Ferraro, T. Zhang

Using Top-Down and Bottom-Up Analysis for a Multiscale Skeleton Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 G. Borge/ors, G. Ramella, G. Sanniti di Baja

A New Algorithm for 3D Profilometry Based on Phase Measurement . . . . . 377 L. Di Stefano, F. Boland

Keynote Address

Surface Modeling and Display from Range and Color Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 K. Pulli, M. Cohen, T. Duchamp, H. Hoppe, J. McDonald, L. Shapiro, W. Stuetzle

Session 6: Matching &: Recognition

An Improved Active Shape Model: Handling Occlusion and Outliers . . . . . . 398 N. Duta, M. Sonka

Perspective Matching Using the EM Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 A.D.J. Cross, E.R. Hancock

Identifying Human Face Profiles with Semi-Local Integral Invariants . . . . . 414 J. Sato, R. Cipolla

Poster Session B: Active Vision, Motion, Shape, Stereo

Adaptive Fovea Structures for Space-Variant Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 P. Camacho, F. Arrebola, F. Sandoval

Structural Characterization of Image Processing Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430 P. Bottoni, L. Cinque, S. Levialdi, P. Mussio, B. Nebbia

Easy Calibration of Pan/Tilt Camera Heads and Online Computation of the Epipolar Cerrespondences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 S. Spiess, M. Li

Integration of Spatio-Temporal Information for Motion Detection by Means of ~ z z y Reasoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446 M. Barni, F. Bartolini, IT. Cappellini, F. Lambardi

70(

Adaptive Motion Estimation and Video Vector Quantization Based on Spatiotemporal Non-linearities of Human Perception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454 J. Malo, F. Ferri, J. Albert, J.M. Artigas

Integral Based Approach for Determining Motion Vector Fields . . . . . . . . . . 462 A. Nomura

A Practical Algorithm for Structure and Motion Recovery from Long Sequence of Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 M. Trajkovid, M. Hedley

Object Pose by Affine Iterations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478 F. Dornaika, C. Garcia

Robust Motion Estimation Using Chrominance Information in Color Image Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486 J. Magarey, A. Kokaram, N. Kingsbury

Temporal Prediction of Video Sequences Using an Image Warping Technique Based on Color Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494 N. Herodotou, A.N. Venetsanopoulos

Motion and Intensity-Based Segmentation and Its Application to Traffic Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502 J. Badenas, M. Bober, F. Pin

A Geometrically Deformable Contour Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510 A. Raft, E. Petit, J. Lemoine, S. Djeziri

Non-visible Deformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519 J.-D. Durou, L. Mascarilla, D. Piau

Two-Step Parameter-Free Elastic Image Registration with Prescribed Point Displacements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527 W. Peckar, C. Schnhrr, K. Rohr, H.S. Stiehl

Learning for Feature Selection and Shape Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535 R. Cucchiara, M. Piccardi, M. Bariani, P. Mello

Experiments on the Decomposition of Arbitrarily Shaped Binary Morphological Structuring Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543 G. Anelli, A. Broggi, G. Destri

B~zier Modelling of Cracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551 A. Varley, P. Rayner

An Adaptive Deformable Template for Mouth Boundary Modeling . . . . . . . 559 A.R. Mirhosseini, K.-M. Lain, H. Yan

A Two-Stage Framework for Polygon Retrieval Using Minimum Circular Error Bound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567 L.H. Tung, L King

xxl

Topology and Shape Preserving Parallel Thinning for 3D Digital Images - A New Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575 P.K. Saha, D.D. Majumder

Convergence of Model Based Shape from Shading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582 M.S. Lew, M. Chaudron, N. Huijsmans, A. She, T.S. Huang

Quanti ta t ive Assessment of Two Skeletonization Algorithms Adapted to Rect- angular Grids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588 M. Ciuc, D. Coquin, P. Bolon

An Algorithm for the Global Solution of the Shape-from-Shading Model .. 596 M. Fatcone, M. Sagona

A Statistical Classification Method for Hierarchical Irregular Objects . . . . . 604 M.Peura

Multi-level Dynamic Programming for Axial Motion Stereo Line Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612 R.K.K. Yip

Analysis of Grey-Level Features for Line Segment Stereo Matching . . . . . . . 620 O. Schreer, I. Hartmann, R. Adams

3D Object Positioning from Monocular Image Brightnesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628 T. Shioyama, H.Y. Wu, W.B. Jiang, S. Terauchi

Camera Calibration Based on 3D-Point-Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636 X.-F. Zhang, A. Luo, W. Tao, H. Burkhardt

A Geometric Modeling Tool for Stereo-Matching and Reconstruction of a Model of 3D-Scene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644 L. Sommellier, E. Tosan, D. Vandorpe

S e s s i o n 7: M o t i o n &: S t e r e o

Est imat ing Translat ion/Deformation Motion through Phase Correlation .. 653 F. Pla, M. Bober

Robust Fit t ing of 3D CAD Models to Video Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661 C. Meilhac, C. Nastar

Experiments with a New Area-Based Stereo Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669 A. Fusielto, If. Roberto, E. Trucco

Adaptive Stereo Matching in Correlation Scale-Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677 C. Menard, W.G. Kropatsch

Hierarchical Depth Mapping from Multiple Cameras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685 J.-L Park, S. Inoue

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Session 8: Recognition

Fast Computation of Error-Correcting Graph Isomorphisms Based on Model Precompilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693 B.T. Messmer, H. Bunke

Function-Described Graphs Applied to 3D Object Representation . . . . . . . . . 701 F. Serratosa, A. Sanfeliu

Cooperative Vision in a Multi-Agent Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709 N. Oswald, P. Levi

Author Index ......................................................... 717