EDGE, HSPA, LTE – Broadband Innovation

Peter Rysavy, Rysavy ResearchSeptember 2008September 2008

Full white paper available for free download at www.3gamericas.org

1

Key Conclusions (1)• Persistent innovation created EDGE, which was a significant advance over

GPRS; HSPA and HSPA+, which are bringing UMTS to its full potential; and i d li i LTE th t f l id i l t h lis now delivering LTE, the most powerful, wide-area wireless technology ever developed.

• GSM/UMTS has an overwhelming global position in terms of subscribers• GSM/UMTS has an overwhelming global position in terms of subscribers, deployment, and services. Its success will marginalize other wide-area wireless technologies.

• In current deployments, HSPA users regularly experience throughput rates well in excess of 1 megabit per second (Mbps), under favorable conditions, on both downlinks and uplinks. Planned enhancements will increase these peak user achievable throughput rates with 4 Mbps on commercial networkspeak user-achievable throughput rates, with 4 Mbps on commercial networks being commonly measured.

2

Key Conclusions (2)• HSPA Evolution provides a strategic performance roadmap advantage for

incumbent GSM/UMTS operators. HSPA+ with 2x2 MIMO, successive i t f ll ti d 64 Q d t A lit d M d l ti (QAM) iinterference cancellation, and 64 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) is more spectrally efficient than competing technologies including Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) Wave 2 with 2x2 MIMO and Evolved Data Optimized (EV-DO) Revision B.o ed a a Op ed ( O) e s o

• The LTE Radio Access Network technical specification was approved in January 2008 and is being incorporated into 3GPP Release 8, which is close to completion. Initial deployments are likely to occur around 2010. The 3GPP OFDMA approach used in LTE matches or exceeds the capabilities of any other OFDMA system. Peak theoretical rates are 326 Mbps in a 20 MHz channel bandwidth. LTE assumes a full Internet Protocol (IP) network architecture, and it is designed to support voice in the packet domain.architecture, and it is designed to support voice in the packet domain.

• LTE has become the technology platform of choice as GSM/UMTS and CDMA/EV-DO operators are making strategic long-term decisions on their next-generation platforms. In June of 2008, after extensive evaluation, LTE was the first and only technology recognized by the Next Generation Mobile Network alliance to meet its broad requirements.

3

Key Conclusions (3)• GSM/HSPA will comprise the overwhelming majority of subscribers over the

next five to ten years, even as new wireless technologies are adopted. The d l t f LTE d it i t ith UMTS/HSPA ill b ldeployment of LTE and its coexistence with UMTS/HSPA will be analogous to the deployment of UMTS/HSPA and its coexistence with GSM.

• 3GPP is now studying how to enhance LTE to meet the requirements of• 3GPP is now studying how to enhance LTE to meet the requirements of IMT-Advanced in a project called LTE Advanced.

• UMTS/HSPA/LTE have significant economic advantages over other wireless technologies.

• WiMAX has developed an ecosystem supported by many companies, but it ill till l t ll t f i l b ibwill still only represent a very small percentage of wireless subscribers over

the next five to ten years.

4

Key Conclusions (4)• EDGE technology has proven extremely successful and is widely deployed

on GSM networks globally. Advanced capabilities with Evolved EDGE can d bl d t ll d l t EDGE th h t tdouble and eventually quadruple current EDGE throughput rates.

• With a UMTS multiradio network, a common core network can efficiently support GSM, WCDMA, and HSPA access networks and offer high efficiency for both high and low data rates as well as for both high- and low-efficiency for both high and low data rates, as well as for both high- and low-traffic density configurations. In the future, EPC/SAE will provide a new core network that supports both LTE and interoperability with legacy GSM/UMTS radio-access networks.

• Innovations such as EPC/SAE and UMTS one-tunnel architecture will “flatten” the network, simplifying deployment and reducing latency.

• Circuit-switched, voice over HSPA, then moving to Voice over Internet P t l (V IP) HSPA ill dd t i it d dProtocol (VoIP) over HSPA will add to voice capacity and reduce infrastructure costs. In the meantime, UMTS/HSPA enjoys high circuit-switched voice spectral efficiency, and it can combine voice and data on the same radio channel.

5

Wireline and Wireless Advances

100 Mbps

FTTH 100 Mbps

10 Mbps

Mbps

HSPA Mb

LTE 10 Mbps

ADSL 3 t 5 Mb

ADSL2+ 25 Mbps

1 Mbps

UMTS 350 kbps

HSDPA 1 Mbps

HSPA+ 5 Mbps

ADSL 1 Mbps

ISDN

ADSL 3 to 5 Mbps

100 kbps

GPRS 40 kbps

UMTS 350 kbps

EDGE 100 kbps

ISDN 128 kbps

20102000 200510 kbps

p

6

Femto Cell Capacity IncreaseMacro-CellCoverage

Aggregate femto cellFemto-CellCoverage

Aggregate femto-cell capacity far exceeds macro-cell capacityfor same amountof spectrum

7

Broadband Approaches

Strength Weakness

Mobile broadband Constant connectivity Lower capacity than Mobile broadband (EDGE, HSPA, LTE)

Constant connectivity

Broadband capability across extremely wide areas

G d l ti f

Lower capacity than wireline approaches

Inability to serve high-bandwidth applications such as IP TVGood access solution for

areas lacking wireline infrastructure

Capacity enhancement options via FMC

such as IP TV

options via FMC

Excellent voice communications

Wireline broadband High capacity broadband Expensive to deploy new (e.g., DSL, DOCSIS, FTTH)

at very high data rates

Evolution to extremely high throughput rates

networks, especially in developing economies lacking infrastructure

8

Deployments as of August 2008

• Over 3.2 billion GSM subscribers

• Most GSM networks now support EDGE

• More than 350 commercial EDGE operators

• 251 million UMTS customers worldwide across 236• 251 million UMTS customers worldwide across 236 commercial networks,

211 t i 90 t i ff i HSDPA• 211 operators in 90 countries offering HSDPA services

• Additional 47 operators committed to the technology

9

UMTS/HSPA Voice/Data Traffic

20,6616

15,4962

18,0789

10 3308

12,9135

7,7481

10,3308

2,5827

5,1654

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar

10

Jan07

Feb07

Mar07

Apr07

May07

Jun07

Jul07

Aug07

Sep07

Oct07

Nov07

Dec07

Jan08

Feb08

Mar08

Traffic Growth700

500

600

Aggressive 3G/4GData Traffic Growth

300

400

1 corresponds to 2007 2G Data Traffic

Conservative 3G/4GData Traffic Growth

100

200

20

1 corresponds to 2007 2G Data Traffic

2G Data Traffic Growth

0

0

5

10

15

20

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

AO - 12/17/07Source: AT&T

Voice Traffic Growth

11

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

11

Wireless ApproachesApproach Technologies Employing

ApproachComments

TDMA GSM, GPRS, EDGE, Telecommunications Industry

First digital cellular approach. Hugely successful with GSMTelecommunications Industry

Association/Electronics Industry Association (TIA/EIA)-136 TDMA

Hugely successful with GSM. New enhancements being designed for GSM/EDGE.

CDMA CDMA2000 1xRTT CDMA2000 Basis for nearly all new 3GCDMA CDMA2000 1xRTT, CDMA2000 EV-DO, WCDMA, HSPA, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 802.11b

Basis for nearly all new 3G networks. Mature, efficient, and will dominate wide-area wireless systems for the remainder of this decade.802.11b decade.

OFDM/OFDMA 802.16/WiMAX, 3GPP LTE, IEEE 802.11a/g/n, IEEE 802.20, Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) UMB 3GPP2

Effective approach for broadcast systems, higher bandwidth radio systems, and high peak data rates in large blocks of spectrum(3GPP2) UMB, 3GPP2

Enhanced Broadcast Multicast Services (EBCMCS), Digital Video Broadcasting-H (DVB-H), Forward Link Only (FLO)

rates in large blocks of spectrum.

Also provides flexibility in the amount of spectrum used. Well suited for systems planned for

12

y ( ) y pthe next decade.

Characteristics of 3GPP Technologies (1)

Technology N

Type Characteristics Typical D li k

Typical U li k S dName Downlink

SpeedUplink Speed

GSM TDMA Most widely deployed cellular technology in the

ld P id i d world. Provides voice and data service via GPRS/EDGE.

EDGE TDMA Data service for GSM k

70 kbps30 kb

70 kbps 30 kbnetworks. An

enhancement to original GSM data service called GPRS.

to 130 kbps to 130 kbps

Evolved EDGE TDMA Advanced version of EDGE that can double and eventually quadruple throughput rates.

150 kbpsto 500 kbps

expected

100 kbpsto 500 kbps

expected

13

Characteristics of 3GPP Technologies (2)

Technology Name

Type Characteristics Typical Downlink Speed

Typical Uplink Speed

UMTS CDMA 3G technology providing voice and data capabilities Current

200 to 300 kbps 200 to 300 kbpsand data capabilities. Current deployments implement HSPA for data service.

HSPA CDMA Data service for UMTS networks. An enhancement to original UMTS data service

1 Mbps to 4 Mbps

500 kbpsto 2 Mbps

UMTS data service.

HSPA+ CDMA Evolution of HSPA in various stages to increase throughput and capacity and to lower latency.

>5 Mbps expected >3 Mbpsexpected

LTE OFDMA New radio interface that can use wide radio channels and deliver extremely high throughput rates. All communications handled in IP domain.

> 10 Mbpsexpected

> 5 Mbpsexpected

Typical user rates may exceed 10 Mbps.

LTE Advanced OFDMA Advanced version of LTE designed to meet IMT-Advanced requirements

14

requirements.

EDGEDL: 474 kbpsUL: 474 kbps

EvolvedEDGE

DL: 1.89 MbpsUL 947 kb

2008 2009 2010 2012 20132011

EDG

EUL: 474 kbps UL: 947 kbps

HSPADL: 14.4 MbpsUL: 5.76 Mbps

In 5 MHz

Rel 7 HSPA+DL: 28 Mbps

UL: 11.5 MbpsIn 5 MHz

Rel 8 HSPA+DL: 42 Mbps

UL: 11.5 MbpsIn 5 MHz

EH

SPA

LTEDL: 326 MbpsUL: 86 MbpsIn 20 MHz

LTE (Rel 9)

LTE

0

LTE Advanced (Rel 10)

EV-DO Rev ADL: 3.1 MbpsUL: 1.8 MbpsIn 1.25 MHz

EV-DO Rev BDL: 14.7 MbpsUL: 4.9 Mbps

In 5 MHz

UMB

CD

MA

2000

UMBDL: 280 MbpsUL: 68 MbpsIn 20 MHz

UMB Rel 2

ed

AX

UM

B

Fixed WiMAX

Wave 2DL: 46 Mbps Rel 1 5 IEEE 802 16m

Fixe

WiM

AM

obile

W

iMA

X

15Notes: Throughput rates are peak theoretical network rates. Radio channel bandwidths indicated. Dates refer to expected initial commercial network deployment except 2008 which shows available technologies that year.No operator commitments for UMB.

UL: 4 Mbps10 MHz 3:1 TDD

Rel 1.5 IEEE 802.16mM W

3GPP Releases (1)

• Release 99: Completed. First deployable version of UMTS. Enhancements to GSM data (EDGE). Majority of deployments today are ( ) j y p y ybased on Release 99. Provides support for GSM/EDGE/GPRS/WCDMA radio-access networks.

• Release 4: Completed. Multimedia messaging support. First steps p g g pp ptoward using IP transport in the core network.

• Release 5: Completed. HSDPA. First phase of IMS. Full ability to use IP-based transport instead of just Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) p j y ( )in the core network. In 2007, most UMTS deployments are based on this release.

• Release 6: Completed. HSUPA. Enhanced multimedia support through p pp gMultimedia Broadcast/Multicast Services (MBMS). Performance specifications for advanced receivers. WLAN integration option. IMS enhancements. Initial VoIP capability.

16

3GPP Releases (2)• Release 7: Completed. Provides enhanced GSM data functionality with Evolved

EDGE. Specifies HSPA Evolution (HSPA+), which includes higher order modulation and MIMO Provides fine tuning and incremental improvements of features fromand MIMO. Provides fine-tuning and incremental improvements of features from previous releases. Results include performance enhancements, improved spectral efficiency, increased capacity, and better resistance to interference. Continuous Packet Connectivity (CPC) enables efficient “always-on” service and enhanced uplink UL VoIP capacity as well as reductions in call set-up delay for PoC. Radio enhancements to HSPA include 64 QAM in the downlink DL and 16 QAM in the uplink. Also includes optimization of MBMS capabilities through the multicast/broadcast single-frequency network (MBSFN) function.g q y ( )

• Release 8: Under development. Comprises further HSPA Evolution features such as simultaneous use of MIMO and 64 QAM. Includes work item for dual-carrier HSPA (DC-HSPA) where two WCDMA radio channels can be combined for a doubling of throughput performance Specifies OFDMA based 3GPP LTE Defines EPCthroughput performance. Specifies OFDMA-based 3GPP LTE. Defines EPC.

• Release 9: Expected to include HSPA and LTE enhancements.• Release 10: Expected to specify LTE Advanced that meets the requirements set by

ITU’s IMT-Advanced project.p j

17

FDD Bands for 3GPP Technologies

2.1 GHzBand 1 2x60 MHz 1920-1980

Operating band Band name Total

spectrum Uplink [MHz]

2110-2170

Downlink [MHz]

1800 MHz1900 MHz

1.7/2.1 GHz

Band 2Band 3

Band 4

2x75 MHz2x60 MHz

2x45 MHz

1710-17851850-1910

1710-1755

1805-18801930-1990

2110-2155850 MHz

2.6 GHz900 MHz

Band 5

Band 7Band 8

800 MHzBand 62x25 MHz

2x70 MHz2x35 MHz

2x10 MHz824-849

2500-2570880-915

830-840869-894

2620-2690925-960

875-885

900 MHzBand 81700 MHzBand 9

2x35 MHz2x35 MHz

880 9151749.9-1784.9

925 9601844.9-1879.9

Ext 1.7/2.1MHzBand 10 2x60 MHz 1710-1770 2110-21701500 MHzBand 11 2x25 MHz 1427.9 - 1452.9 1475.9 - 1500.9

Lower 700 MHzBand 12 2x18 MHz 698-716 728-746 Upper 700 MHzBand 13 2x10 MHz 777-787 746-756

Upper 700 MHz, public safety/private Band 14 2x10 MHz 788-798 758-768

18

TDD Bands for 3GPP Technologies

Operating band

Total spectrum

Frequencies [MHz]

Band 33Band 34 15 MHz

20 MHz2010-2025

1900-1920

Band 34Band 35

Band 36Band 37 20 MHz

60 MHz15 MHz

60 MHz1910-1930

1850-19102010 2025

1930-1990

Band 39Band 40

40 MHz100 MHz

1880-19202300-2400

Band 38 50 MHz 2570-2620

19

Expected Features/CapabilitiesYear Features

2008 HSUPA seeing significant deployment momentum in networks and device availability.

First HSUPA networks with 5.8 Mbps peak uplink speed capability.

HSPA devices with 7.2 Mbps downlinks widely available.

Various operators offering FMC based on UMA.

Operators announcing commitments to femto cell approaches.

Greater availability of FMC

2009 Networks and devices capable of Release 7 HSPA+, including MIMO, boosting HSPA peak speeds to 28 Mbps

Enhanced IMS-based services (for example, integrated voice/multimedia/presence/location)

2010 Evolved EDGE capabilities available to significantly increase EDGE throughput rates

HSPA+ peak speeds further increased to peak rates of 42 Mbps based on Release 8

LTE introduced for next-generation throughput performance using 2X2 MIMO

Advanced core architectures available through EPC/SAE, primarily for LTE but also for HSPA+, providing benefits such as integration of multiple network types and flatter architectures for better latency performance

Most new services implemented in the packet domain over HSPA+ and LTE

2011 and later

LTE enhancements such as 4X2 MIMO and 4X4 MIMO

LTE Advanced specifications completed.

20

2012 LTE Advanced potentially deployed in initial stages.

DL LTE(20MHz) 300MPeak Rates Over Time

MIMO/64QAM 41M

DL LTE(10MHz) 140M

20 Mbps100 Mbps

Downlink Speeds

HSDPA 14.4M

MIMO 2x2 28M

MIMO/64QAM 41M

UL LTE (10MHz) 25M

UL LTE (10MHz) 50M

HSDPA 3.6M

HSDPA 7.2M10 Mbps10 Mbps

HSUPA 5.6M

HSUPA/16QAM 11M

Uplink Speeds

HSDPA 1.8M

1 Mbps1 MbpsHSUPA 1.5M • HSPA DL and UL peak throughputs expected to

double every year on average• Limitations not induced by the technology itself

but time frames required to upgradeDL R’99-384k

100 kbps100 kbps

UL R’99 384k

but time frames required to upgrade infrastructure and transport networks, obtain devices with corresponding capabilities and interoperability tests

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

21

Relative Adoption of Technologiesg

LTE

UMTS/HSPA

scrip

tions

Sub

s

GSM/EDGE

1990 2000 20202010 2030

22

Radio Resource Management 1xRTT/1xEV-DO versus UMTS/HSPA1xRTT/1xEV DO versus UMTS/HSPA

S h U il bl Hi h Effi i t All ti f RSpeechBlocking

Unavailable High-Speed Data Capacity

Efficient Allocation of Resources Between Voice and Data

EV-DO

1xRTTHz

Cha

nnel

s

hann

el

1xRTT

1xRTTThre

e 1.

25 M

H

One

5 M

Hz

Ch

High-Speed Data

Voice

High-Speed Data

23

Throughput ComparisongDownlink Uplink

Peak Network

Peak And/Or

Peak Network

Peak And/Or Network

SpeedAnd/Or Typical User Rate

Network Speed

And/Or Typical User Rate

EDGE (type 2 MS) 473.6 kbps 473.6 kbps

EDGE (type 1 MS) (Practical Terminal)

236.8 kbps 200 kbps peak

70 to 135

236.8 kbps 200 kbps peak

70 to 135 kbps typical kbps typical

Evolved EDGE (type 1 MS)

1184 kbps 473.6 kbps

Evolved EDGE (type 2 MS)

1894.4 kbps 947.2 kbps

Blue Indicates Theoretical Peak Rates Green Typical

24

Blue Indicates Theoretical Peak Rates, Green Typical

Throughput Comparison (2)Downlink Uplink

Peak Network

Peak And/Or

Peak Network

Peak And/Or

g ( )

Network Speed

And/Or Typical User Rate

Network Speed

And/Or Typical User Rate

UMTS WCDMA Rel’99 2.048 Mbps 768 kbps

UMTS WCDMA Rel’99 (Practical Terminal)

384 kbps 350 kbps peak

200 to 300 kbps typical

384 kbps 350 kbps peak

200 to 300 kbps typicalkbps typical kbps typical

HSDPA Initial Devices (2006)

1.8 Mbps > 1 Mbps peak

384 kbps 350 kbps peak

HSDPA 14 4 Mbps 384 kbpsHSDPA 14.4 Mbps 384 kbps

HSPA Initial Implementation

7.2 Mbps > 5 Mbps peak

700 kbps to 1 7 Mb

2 Mbps > 1.5 Mbps peak

500 kbps to 1 2 Mb

25

1.7 Mbps typical

1.2 Mbps typical

Throughput Comparison (3)g ( )Downlink Uplink

Peak Network

Peak And/Or

Peak Network

Peak And/Or Network

SpeedAnd/Or Typical User Rate

Network Speed

And/Or Typical User Rate

HSPA Current Implementation

7.2 Mbps 5.76 Mbps

HSPA 14.4 Mbps 5.76 Mbps

HSPA+ (DL 64 QAM, UL 16 QAM)

21.6 Mbps 11.5 Mbps

HSPA+ (2X2 MIMO, 28 Mbps > 5Mbps 11 5 Mbps > 3 Mbps HSPA+ (2X2 MIMO, DL 16 QAM, UL 16 QAM)

28 Mbps > 5Mbps typical

expected

11.5 Mbps > 3 Mbps typical

expected

HSPA+ (2X2 MIMO, DL 64 QAM, UL 16 QAM)

42 Mbps 11.5 Mbps

LTE (2X2 MIMO) 173 Mbps > 10 Mbps typical

expected

58 Mbps > 5 Mbps typical

expected

LTE (4X4 MIMO) 326 Mbps 86 Mbps

26

( ) p p

Throughput Comparison (4)g ( )Downlink UplinkPeak Network Speed

Peak And/Or Typical User Rate

Peak Network Speed

Peak And/Or Typical User Rate

CDMA2000 1XRTT 153 kbps 130 kbps peak 153 kbps 130 kbps peak

CDMA2000 1XRTT 307 kbps 307 kbps

CDMA2000 EV-DO Rev 0 2.4 Mbps > 1 Mbps peak 153 kbps 150 kbps peak

CDMA2000 EV-DO Rev A 3.1 Mbps > 1.5 Mbps peak

600 kbps to 1.4

1.8 Mbps > 1 Mbps peak

300 to 500 kbps pMbps typical

ptypical

CDMA2000 EV-DO Rev B (3 radio channels MHz)

9.3 Mbps 5.4 Mbps

CDMA2000 EV-DO Rev B Th ti l (15 di h l )

73.5 Mbps 27 MbpsTheoretical (15 radio channels)

Ultra Mobile Broadband (2X2 MIMO)

140 Mbps 34 Mbps

Ultra Mobile Broadband (4X4 MIMO)

280 Mbps 68 Mbps

802.16e WiMAX expected Wave 1 (10 MHz TDD DL/UL=3, 1X2 SIMO)

23 Mbps 4 Mbps

802 16e WiMAX expected Wave 2 46 Mbps 4 Mbps

27

802.16e WiMAX expected Wave 2 (10 MHz TDD, DL/UL=3, 2x2 MIMO)

46 Mbps 4 Mbps

802.16m TBD TBD

Throughput Distribution6.0

4.0

5.0

s]

3.0

ough

put [

Mbp

s

1 0

2.0Thro

0.0

1.0

0% 5% 0% 5% 0% 5% 0% 5% 0% 5% 0% 5% 0% 5% 0% 5% 0% 5% 0% 5% 0%

28

100% 95

%

90%

85%

80%

75%

70%

65%

60%

55%

50%

45%

40%

35%

30%

25%

20%

15%

10% 5% 0%

HSDPA Performance in 7.2 Mbps Network

Good Coverage Bad CoverageMedian bitrate

3.8 MbpsMedian bitrate

1.8 Mbps -106 dBm

Mobile

Median bitrate1 9 MbPerformance 1.9 MbpsPerformance

measured in acommercialnetworknetwork

29

HSUPA Performance in a Commercial Network

100Mobile

70

80

90

100Mobile

Median bitrate

40

50

601.0 Mbps

10

20

30

0

70

140

210

280

350

420

490

560

630

700

770

840

910

980

1050

1120

1190

1260

1330

1400

0

30

LTE Throughput in Test NetworkBase station located at x.

L1 Throughput

123

154

g

L1 ThroughputMax: 154 MbpsMean: 78 MbpsMin: 16 Mbps

97

123

User SpeedMax: 45 km/hMean: 16 km/h 54

74

Min: 0 km/h

Sub-urban area with line-of-sight: less than 40%

37

of the samples

Heights of surrounding buildings: 15-25 m 12

23

20 MHz Channel

2X2 MIMO 100 meters

Latency of Different Technologies

700

600

500500

400

econ

ds

300

20

Mill

ise

1000

GPRSRel’97

EDGERel’99

EDGERel’4

WCDMARel’99

EvolvedEDGE

LTEHSPAHSDPA32

Performance Relative to Theoretical Limits

6

Theoretical Limits

5

z)

Shannon boundShannon bound with 3dB margin

EV-DOIEEE 802 16 2005

HSDPA

3

4

ienc

y (b

ps/H IEEE 802.16e-2005

2

hiev

able

Effi

c

15 10 5 0 5 10 15 200

1Ach

-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Required SNR (dB)

33

Downlink Spectral Efficiency

2.52.4

LTE UMB

Futureimprovements

Futureimprovements

5 M

Hz

2.12.0

2.22.3 LTE

4X4 MIMOUMB4X4 MIMO

Rel 1.54X4 MIMO

Futureimprovements

ecto

r) 5

+5

1 5

1.91.81.71.6

LTE4X2 MIMO

UMB4X2 MIMO

Rel 1.5

(bps

/Hz/

s

Rev B

UMB2X2 MIMO1.4

1.31.21 1

LTE2X2 MIMO

HSPA+SIC, 64 QAM

1.5

Rel 1.52X2 MIMO

4X2 MIMO

0.7Effi

cien

cy

0.80.9

Rev BCross-Carrier SchedulingRev A,MRxD,Equalizer

WiMAXWave 1

WiMAXWave 2

1.11.0 HSPA+

2X2 MIMO

HSDPAMRxD,Equalizer

0.60.50.40.3S

pect

ral E

HSDPAEV-DO Rev 0

EqualizerEqualizer

0.10.2

UMTS to LTE

UMTS R’99

CDMA2000 to UMB WiMAX34

Uplink Spectral Efficiencyyz

FutureImprovements

FutureImprovements

1.0UMB 1X4

r) 5

+5 M

H

0.8

0.9LTE 1x4ReceiveDiversity

FutureImprovements

UMB 1X4ReceiveDiversity

0.7

0.6/Hz/

sect

or

LTE 1X2Receive

UMB 1X2Receive

Rel 1.5 1X4ReceiveDiversity

0.5

0.4

ency

(bps Diversity

EV-DO Rev B,InterferenceCancellation

Diversity

HSPA+InterferenceCancellation,16 QAM

WiMAXWave 2

Rel 1.5 1X2Receive Diversity

0.3

0.2

ctra

l Effi

cie

UMTS R’99

HSUPA Rel 6

EV DO R 0

EV-DO Rev A

16 QAMWiMAXWave 1

Wave 2

35

0.1

UMTS to LTE

Spe

c UMTS R 99to Rel 5

EV-DO Rev 0

CDMA2000 to UMB WiMAX

Voice Spectral Efficiencyy

500FutureImprovements

FutureImprovements

Hz

450

400

LTE AMR 5.9 kbps UMB VoIPEVRC-B 6 kbps

Future

LTE VoIPAMR 7.95 kbps

350

30010+1

0 M

H

Interference

InterferenceCancellationEVRC-B 6 kbps

Rel 1.5EVRC-B 6kbps

FutureImprovements

Rel 1 5

250

200

Erla

ngs,

1 CancellationAMR 5.9 kbps

EVRC-B 6 kbps

EV-DO Rev AEVRC 8 kbpsRel 7, VoIP

Rel 7 VoIP AMR 5.9 kbps

EVRC-B 6 kbps

Rel 1.5EVRC 8 kbps

150

100

UMTS R’99AMR 7.95 kbps

1xRTTEVRC 8 kbps

AMR 7.95 kbps WiMAXWave 2EVRC 8 kbps

UMTS R’99AMR 12 2 kb

36

500

UMTS to LTE CDMA2000 to UMB WiMAX

AMR 12.2 kbps

Subscriber Growth

37

Throughput Requirements

• Microbrowsing (for example, Wireless Application Protocol [WAP]): 8 to 128 kbpsApplication Protocol [WAP]): 8 to 128 kbps

• Multimedia messaging: 8 to 64 kbpsVid t l h 64 t 384 kb• Video telephony: 64 to 384 kbps

• General-purpose Web browsing: 32 kbps to more than 1 Mbpsmore than 1 Mbps

• Enterprise applications including e-mail, database access and VPNs: 32 kbps to moredatabase access, and VPNs: 32 kbps to more than 1 Mbps

• Video and audio streaming: 32 kbps to 2 MbpsVideo and audio streaming: 32 kbps to 2 Mbps

38

GPRS/EDGE Architecture

Public SwitchedTelephone Network

Base

BaseTransceiver

Station

Base Mobile

Circuit-Switched Traffic

MobileStation

MobileStation

BaseStation

Controller

BaseTransceiver

Station

MobileSwitching

CenterHome

LocationRegisterIP

MobileStation

g

Serving Gateway

Traffic

GPRS/EDGE DataInfrastructure

External DataNetwork (e.g., Internet)

GPRSSupportNode

GPRSSupportNode

39

Example of GSM/GPRS/EDGE Timeslot StructureTimeslot Structure

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

577 Sper timeslot

4.615 ms per frame of 8 timeslots

BCCH TCH TCH TCH TCH PDTCH PDTCH PDTCHPossible BCCH carrier configuration

PBCCH TCH TCH PDTCH PDTCH PDTCH PDTCH PDTCH

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7Possible TCH carrier PBCCH TCH TCH PDTCH PDTCH PDTCH PDTCH PDTCH

configuration

BCCH: Broadcast Control Channel – carries synchronization, paging and other signalling informationTCH: Traffic Channel – carries voice traffic data; may alternate between frames for half-ratePDTCH: Packet Data Traffic Channel – Carries packet data traffic for GPRS and EDGEPBCCH P k t B d t C t l Ch l dditi l i lli f GPRS/EDGE d l if d dPBCCH: Packet Broadcast Control Channel – additional signalling for GPRS/EDGE; used only if needed

40

EDGE Modulation and Coding Schemes

Modulation and Modulation Throughput per Coding Scheme

g p pTimeslot (kbps)

MCS-1 GMSK 8.8

MCS-2 GMSK 11 2MCS 2 GMSK 11.2

MCS-3 GMSK 14.8

MCS-4 GMSK 17.6

MCS 5 8 PSK 22 4MCS-5 8-PSK 22.4

MCS-6 8-PSK 29.6

MCS-7 8-PSK 44.8

MCS 8 8 PSK 54 4MCS-8 8-PSK 54.4

MCS-9 8-PSK 59.2

41

Evolved EDGE Objectives• A 100 percent increase in peak data rates.• A 50 percent increase in spectral efficiency and capacity in C/I-p p y p y

limited scenarios.• A sensitivity increase in the downlink of 3 dB for voice and data.• A reduction of latency for initial access and round-trip time therebyA reduction of latency for initial access and round trip time, thereby

enabling support for conversational services such as VoIP and PoC.• To achieve compatibility with existing frequency planning, thus

facilitating deployment in existing networksfacilitating deployment in existing networks.• To coexist with legacy mobile stations by allowing both old and new

stations to share the same radio resources.• To avoid impacts on infrastructure by enabling improvements• To avoid impacts on infrastructure by enabling improvements

through a software upgrade.• To be applicable to DTM (simultaneous voice and data) and the

A/Gb mode interface The A/Gb mode interface is part of the 2G coreA/Gb mode interface. The A/Gb mode interface is part of the 2G core network, so this goal is required for full backward-compatibility with legacy GPRS/EDGE. 42

Evolved EDGE Methods in Release 7Release 7• Downlink dual-carrier reception to increase the number of timeslots that

can be received from four on one carrier to 10 on two carriers for a 150 t i i th h tpercent increase in throughput.

• The addition of Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), 16 QAM, and 32 QAM as well as an increased symbol rate (1.2x) in the uplink and a new set of modulation/coding schemes that will increase maximum gthroughput per timeslot by 38 percent. Currently, EDGE uses 8-PSK modulation. Simulations indicate a realizable 25 percent increase in user-achievable peak rates.

• The ability to use four timeslots in the uplink (possible since release).The ability to use four timeslots in the uplink (possible since release).• A reduction in overall latency. This is achieved by lowering the TTI to 10

msec and by including the acknowledge information in the data packet. These enhancements will have a dramatic effect on throughput for many applicationsmany applications.

• Downlink diversity reception of the same radio channel to increase the robustness in interference and to improve the receiver sensitivity. Simulations have demonstrated sensitivity gains of 3 dB and a decrease in required C/I of up to 18 dB for a single cochannel interfererin required C/I of up to 18 dB for a single cochannel interferer. Significant increases in system capacity can be achieved, as explained below.

43

Evolved EDGE Two-Carrier OperationOperation

Rx1

Slot NSlot N + 1

(Idle Frame) Slot N + 2 Slot N + 3

Rx2Tx (1)

Neighbor Cell MeasurementsUplink TimeslotDownlink TimeslotDownlink Timeslot

44

Optimization of Timeslot Usage ExampleExample

5 Timeslot Allocation “Scavenged” from Different Frequency CarriersEach Receiver Changes

Tuned Frequency Between its Slots

Rx1Idle Frame

F4Rx2

F5F3F1

F2F4

F5F3F1

F2 F4

F5F3F1

F2

its Slots

F4

F5F3F1

F2 F4

F5F3F1

F2

Tx

NCM

Neighbor Cell Measurements Uplink Timeslot Downlink Timeslot

NCM

45

Evolved EDGE Theoretical Rates

• Type 2 mobile device (one that can support simultaneous transmission and reception) using HTCS 8 B as the MCS andtransmission and reception) using HTCS-8-B as the MCS and a dual-carrier receiver can achieve the following performance:– Highest data rate per timeslot (layer 2) = 118.4 kbps– Timeslots per carrier = 8– Carriers used in the downlink = 2– Total downlink data rate = 118.4 kbps X 8 X 2 = 1894.4

kbpskbps • This translates to a peak network rate close to 2 Mbps and a

user-achievable data rate of well over 1 Mbps!

46

Evolved EDGE Implementation

 

47

UMTS Multi-Radio Network

GSM/EDGE Packet-SwitchedNetworks

UMTSCore Network(MSC, HLR,

SGSN GGSN)

WCDMA,HSDPA

Circuit-Switched Networks

SGSN, GGSN)

Othere.g., WLAN

Other CellularOperators

Common core network can support multiple radio access networks

48

pp p

High Speed Downlink Packet Access• High speed data enhancement for WCDMA/UMTS• Peak theoretical speeds of 14 Mbps• Peak theoretical speeds of 14 Mbps • Current devices support 7.2 Mbps throughput• Methods used by HSDPAMethods used by HSDPA

– High speed channels shared both in the code and time domains

– Short transmission time interval (TTI)– Fast scheduling and user diversity

Hi h d d l ti– Higher-order modulation– Fast link adaptation– Fast hybrid automatic-repeat-request (HARQ)– Fast hybrid automatic-repeat-request (HARQ)

49

HSDPA Channel Assignment -ExampleExample

U 4U 3U 2U 1 User 4User 3User 2User 1

on C

odes

hann

eliz

atio

2 msec

C

50Time

Radio resources assigned both in code and time domains

HSDPA Multi-User Diversity

High data rateUser 1

ity

User 2Sign

al Q

uali

Low data rate

S

TimeUser 2 User 1User 2User 1User 2User 1

51

Efficient scheduler favors transmissions to users with best radio conditions

HSDPA Terminal CategoriesHS-DSCH Category

Maximum number of HS-DSCH codes

L1 Peak Rate (Mbps)

QPSK/16QAM

Soft Channel BitsBits

Category 1 5 1.2 Both 19200Category 2 5 1.2 Both 28800Category 3 5 1.8 Both 28800Category 4 5 1.8 Both 38400Category 5 5 3.6 Both 57600Category 6 5 3.6 Both 67200Category 7 10 7.2 Both 115200Category 8 10 7.2 Both 134400g yCategory 9 15 10.2 Both 172800Category 10 15 14.4 Both 172800Category 11 5 0 9 QPSK 14400

52

Category 11 5 0.9 QPSK 14400Category 12 5 1.8 QPSK 28800

High Speed Uplink Packet Access• 85% increase in overall cell throughput on the uplink• Achievable rates of 1 Mbps on the uplink• Achievable rates of 1 Mbps on the uplink• Reduced packet delays to as low as 30 msec• Methods:Methods:

– An enhanced dedicated physical channel– A short TTI, as low as 2 msec, which allows faster

responses to changing radio conditions and error conditionsFast Node B based scheduling which allows the base– Fast Node B-based scheduling, which allows the base station to efficiently allocate radio resources

– Fast Hybrid ARQ, which improves the efficiency of error processing

53

HSUPA Rates Based on Category

7296

Transport Block Size

1

HSUPACategory

10

TTI

1 x SF4

Codes x Spreading

0.73 Mbps

Data Rate

14592

2919

14592 1.46 Mbps102 x SF42

1.46 Mbps22 x SF42

3 102 x SF4 1.46 Mbps

20000

20000

5837

20000 2 Mbps102 x SF24

2.9 Mbps22 x SF24

2 Mb102 SF2 2 SF46

5 102 x SF2 2 Mbps

11520

20000 2 Mbps102xSF2 + 2xSF46

6 22xSF2 + 2xSF4 5.76 Mbps

54

HSPA+ Objectives• Exploit the full potential of a CDMA approach before moving to an

OFDM platform in 3GPP LTE. p• Achieve performance close to LTE in 5 MHz of spectrum.• Provide smooth interworking between HSPA+ and LTE, thereby

f ilit ti th ti f b th t h l i A h tfacilitating the operation of both technologies. As such, operators may choose to leverage the EPC/SAE planned for LTE.

• Allow operation in a packet-only mode for both voice and data.• Be backward-compatible with previous systems while incurring no

performance degradation with either earlier or newer devices.• Facilitate migration from current HSPA infrastructure to HSPA+• Facilitate migration from current HSPA infrastructure to HSPA+

infrastructure.

55

HSPA Throughput Evolution

Technology Downlink (Mbps)

Uplink (Mbps)Peak Data Rate

Peak Data Rate

HSPA as defined in Release 6 14.4 5.76

Release 7 HSPA+ DL 64 QAM, UL 16 QAM

21.1 11.5

Release 7 HSPA+ 2X2 MIMO,DL 16 QAM UL 16 QAM

28.0 11.5DL 16 QAM, UL 16 QAM

Release 8 HSPA+ 2X2 MIMODL 64 QAM, UL 16 QAM 42.2 11.5HSPA+ 2X2 MIMO, Dual Carrier(anticipated in Release 9) 84 11.5

56

HSPA/HSPA+ One-Tunnel Architecture

GGSN

Traditional HSPA Architecture

GGSN

Possible HSPA+ with One-Tunnel Architecture

GGSN

HSPA with One-Tunnel Architecture

User Plane

Control Plane SGSN

GGSN

SGSN

GGSN

SGSN

GGSN

Node B

RNC

Node B Node B

RNC

57

CS Voice Over HSPAAMR adaptation

possibleCS mapped to R99 or HSPA bearer

depending on terminal capabilityScheduler prioritizes

voice packets

AMR adapt.

Transportqueues etc

IuCSCS R99

p

HSPAHSPA schedulerCombined

IuPSPS R99

to one carrier

RNC

PS R99

NodeB

58

RNCNodeB

Smooth Migration to VoIP over HSPAHSPA

1.4 VoIP1.4 VoIP1.4 VoIP

1

1.2VoIPCSCS + VoIP1

1.2VoIPCSCS + VoIP1

1.2VoIPCSCS + VoIP

0 6

0.8

1 CS + VoIP

paci

ty

0 6

0.8

1 CS + VoIP

paci

ty

0 6

0.8

1 CS + VoIP

paci

ty

0 2

0.4

0.6

ativ

e C

ap

0 2

0.4

0.6

ativ

e C

ap

0 2

0.4

0.6

ativ

e C

ap

0

0.2

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14Power reserved for PS traffic (W)

Rel

a

0

0.2

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14Power reserved for PS traffic (W)

Rel

a

0

0.2

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14Power reserved for PS traffic (W)

Rel

a

Power reserved for PS traffic (W)PS Evolution

Power reserved for PS traffic (W)Power reserved for PS traffic (W)PS Evolution

59

LTE Capabilities

• Downlink peak data rates up to 326 Mbps with 20 MHz bandwidth• Uplink peak data rates up to 86.4 Mbps with 20 MHz bandwidthp p p p• Operation in both TDD and FDD modes.• Scalable bandwidth up to 20 MHz, covering 1.4, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20

MHz• Increased spectral efficiency over Release 6 HSPA by a factor of two to

four• Reduced latency, to 10 msec round-trip time between user equipment and

the base station and to less than 100 msec transition time from inactive tothe base station, and to less than 100 msec transition time from inactive to active

LTE Configuration Downlink (Mbps)Peak Data Rate

Uplink (Mbps)Peak Data RatePeak Data Rate Peak Data Rate

Using 2X2 MIMO in the Downlink and 16 QAM in the Uplink

172.8 57.6

U i 4X4 MIMO i th D li k d 64 326 4 86 4

60

Using 4X4 MIMO in the Downlink and 64 QAM in the Uplink

326.4 86.4

LTE OFDMA Downlink Resource Assignment in Time and Frequencyin Time and Frequency

User 1

User 2

quen

cy

User 3

User 4

Time

Fre

Minimum resource block consists of 14 symbols and 12 subcarriers

61

LTE Advanced Ideas

• Evolution of current OFDMA approaches.Hi h d MIMO ( 4X4)• High-order MIMO (e.g., 4X4).

• Wider radio channels (e.g., 50 to 100 MHz).• Optimization in narrower bands (e.g., less than

20 MHz) due to spectrum constraints in some deploymentsdeployments.

• Multi-channel operation in either same or different frequency bandsdifferent frequency bands.

• Ability to share bands with other services.

62

IP Multimedia Subsystem

SIP Application ServerIMS

Home Subscriber Server (HSS) SIP Media Resource

Call Session Control Function (CSCF)

( ) SIP

DIAMETER

Function Control

Media ResourceGateway ControlCall Session Control Function (CSCF)

(SIP Proxy)Gateway Control

UMTS/HSPAPacket Core

NetworkWi-FiDSL

M l i l P ibl A N kMultiple Possible Access Networks

63

Efficient Broadcasting with OFDMg

LTE will leverage OFDM-based broadcasting capabilities

64

Evolved Packet SystemGERAN Rel’7 Legacy GSM/UMTS

SGSN

UTRANOne-Tunnel

Option

MMEPCRF

Control

Evolved RAN,e.g., LTE

ServingGateway

PDNGateway

IPServices,

IMS

User Plane

EPC/SAE Access Gateway

Non 3GPPIP Access

65

Evolved Packet System Elements

• Flatter architecture to reduce latency• Flatter architecture to reduce latency• Support for legacy GERAN and UTRAN networks

connected via SGSN.Support for new radio access networks such as LTE• Support for new radio-access networks such as LTE.

• The Serving Gateway that terminates the interface toward the 3GPP radio-access networks.Th PDN t th t t l IP d t i d• The PDN gateway that controls IP data services, does routing, allocates IP addresses, enforces policy, and provides access for non-3GPP access networks.The MME that s pports ser eq ipment conte t and• The MME that supports user equipment context and identity as well as authenticates and authorizes users.

• The Policy Control and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) that manages QoS aspectsthat manages QoS aspects.

66

Conclusion

• Through constant innovation, the EDGE/HSPA/LTE family provides operators and subscribers a true mobile broadband advantageoperators and subscribers a true mobile broadband advantage.

• EDGE is a global success story.• Evolved EDGE will achieve peak rates of over 1 Mbps.• HSDPA offers the highest peak data rates of any widely available wide• HSDPA offers the highest peak data rates of any widely available wide-

area wireless technology, with peak user-achievable rates of over 4 Mbps in some networks.

• HSUPA has increased uplink speeds to peak achievable rates of 1HSUPA has increased uplink speeds to peak achievable rates of 1 Mbps.

• HSPA+ has peak theoretical rates of 42 Mbps, and in 5 MHz will match LTE capabilities.p

• LTE will provide an extremely efficient OFDMA-based platform for future networks.

• EDGE/HSPA/LTE is one of the most robust portfolios of mobile-pbroadband technologies and is an optimum framework for realizing the potential of the wireless-data market.

67