Edexcel Geography 2007 2H
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Examiner’s use only Team Leader’s use only Surname Initial(s) Signature Centre No. Turn over Candidate No. Question Leave Number Blank Section A 1 2 3 4 5 6 Section B 7 8 9 Total Paper Reference(s) 4370/2H London Examinations IGCSE Geography Higher Tier Paper 2H Thursday 10 May 2007 – Morning Time: 2 hours 30 minutes Materials required for examination Items included with question papers Ruler, pencil and pen Nil Instructions to Candidates In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initial(s) and signature. Check that you have the correct question paper. This paper is arranged in two sections, A and B. In Section A, answer ALL questions in the spaces provided. In Section B, answer ONE question in the spaces provided. Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box ( ). If you change your mind about an answer, put a line through the box ( ) and then mark your new answer with a cross ( ). Information for Candidates The marks for individual questions and the parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2). There are 9 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 150. There are 40 pages in this question paper. Any blank pages are indicated. Advice to Candidates Write your answers neatly and in good English. Paper Reference 4370 2H This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with Edexcel Limited copyright policy. ©2007 Edexcel Limited. Printer’s Log. No. M25804A W850/U4370/57570 5/5/3/2 *M25804A0140*
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Transcript of Edexcel Geography 2007 2H
Examiner’s use only
Team Leader’s use only
Surname Initial(s)
Signature
Centre No.
Turn over
Candidate No.
Question Leave Number Blank
Section A
1
2
3
4
5
6
Section B
7
8
9
Total
Paper Reference(s)
4370/2HLondon ExaminationsIGCSEGeography
Higher TierPaper 2HThursday 10 May 2007 – MorningTime: 2 hours 30 minutes
Materials required for examination Items included with question papersRuler, pencil and pen Nil
Instructions to CandidatesIn the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initial(s) and signature.Check that you have the correct question paper.This paper is arranged in two sections, A and B.In Section A, answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.In Section B, answer ONE question in the spaces provided.Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box ( ).If you change your mind about an answer, put a line through the box ( ) and then mark your new answer with a cross ( ).
Information for CandidatesThe marks for individual questions and the parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2).There are 9 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 150. There are 40 pages in this question paper. Any blank pages are indicated.
Advice to CandidatesWrite your answers neatly and in good English.
Paper Reference
4 3 7 0 2 H
This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with Edexcel Limited copyright policy. ©2007 Edexcel Limited.
Printer’s Log. No.
M25804AW850/U4370/57570 5/5/3/2
*M25804A0140*
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SECTION A
Answer ALL six questions in this section.
1. Water
(a) Study Figure 1 which shows average annual rainfall in Spain. It also gives information about Spain’s national water transfer plan.
Figure 1
Identify two features of the rainfall distribution in Spain.
1 ....................................................................................................................................
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N
0 200
km
Madrid
Barcelona
Valencia
Alicante
Almeria
FRANCE
PO
RT
UG
AL
SPAIN
Proposed higher Yesa Dam and
larger reservoir on River Aragon;
villages submerged and land flooded
Water diverted from River Ebro
River Ebro
Ebro delta shrinks:
wildlife breeding sites,
fishing and mussel
farms damaged
Develop tourism and
retirement homes:
swimming pools,
gardens and golf courses
Irrigate thirsty crops:
strawberries, rice
B
over 1500 mm
1000 - 1500 mm
500 - 999 mm
250 - 499 mm
KEY
Average annual rainfall
Proposed canal system
Proposed north canal system
Proposed south canal system
City
BA
A
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(b) (i) Give three reasons why it is proposed to use the River Ebro to transfer water from one area of Spain to another.
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(ii) Give two possible effects the plan might have on the environment.
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(c) Rainfall in Spain was much below average in 2005. Describe what you think the water managers did in this situation.
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(d) Explain why water quality varies from place to place. Give examples from any country.
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Q1
(Total 20 marks)
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2. Hazards
(a) Study Figure 2 which shows an area close to an active volcano.
Figure 2
(i) What is an active volcano?
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(ii) Suggest why some people live close to active volcanoes.
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(b) Explain the formation of volcanoes along plate boundaries. A labelled diagram may help your answer.
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(c) Describe two ways people try to reduce the harmful effects of volcanic eruptions.
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(d) Suggest why both the short-term and long-term effects of volcanic eruptions are generally more harmful in LEDCs (Less Economically Developed Countries) than in MEDCs (More Economically Developed Countries).
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3. Production
(a) Study Figure 3 which is a cartoon about food stored in the European Union (EU).
Figure 3
(i) What is the cartoon suggesting about food production in the EU?
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(ii) Explain people’s concern about the level of food production.
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(iii) Describe how food production is being reduced in the EU.
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(b) Give three reasons why some countries produce too much food.
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(c) (i) Describe an attempt to increase food supplies in a named LEDC (Less Economically Developed Country).
Named LEDC ........................................................
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(ii) Explain why food shortages exist in some LEDCs. Refer to examples.
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4. Development
(a) Study Figure 4 which shows the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for three countries from 2000 to 2024.
Figure 4
(i) Describe how China’s GDP has changed and is expected to change between 2000 and 2024.
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(ii) State the term used to describe rapidly growing economies like those of China and India.
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0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024
Predicted GDPActual GDP
China
India
UK
$bn
Gro
ss D
omes
tic P
rodu
ct (G
DP)
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(iii) What does GDP measure?
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(iv) Explain why GDP alone is not a perfect measure of development.
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(b) Suggest how countries such as China and India might change as they become more prosperous.
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(c) What causes GDP to increase? Refer to examples.
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5. Migration
(a) Study Figure 5 which shows United Kingdom (UK) international migration flows between 1994 and 2003.
Figure 5
(i) Describe the migration balance in 2003.
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(ii) Describe how the migration balance changed between 1994 and 2003.
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1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Thou
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s
Inflow
Net MigrationOutflow
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(iii) What impact is the migration balance likely to have on the total population of the UK?
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(b) Using examples, explain the difference between forced and voluntary migration.
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(c) Suggest why some migrants seek asylum in the UK.
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(d) Describe the difficulties of controlling immigration in one or more countries.
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6. Urban Environments
(a) Study Figure 6 which shows three improvement schemes in the central area of a city in the United Kingdom.
Figure 6
Key
Edge of CBD
Sites for improvement
0 500m
accommodation
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(i) What is a CBD?
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(ii) Estimate the area of the CBD. Put a cross ( ) in the correct box.
1 sq. km
2 sq. km
3 sq. km(1)
(b) (i) Explain why traffic congestion often occurs in the area surrounding a CBD.
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(ii) Suggest ways of reducing traffic congestion in CBDs such as the one shown in Figure 6.
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(c) Study the three improvement schemes shown in Figure 6.
(i) Explain how these schemes may help to regenerate the inner city area.
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(ii) Suggest why the sites for the three improvement schemes are currently polluted, derelict and rundown.
Refer to an example of a declining inner city.
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TOTAL FOR SECTION A: 120 MARKS
Q6
(Total 20 marks)
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SECTION B
Answer ONE question only from this section.
Put a cross in the box indicating the question you have chosen to answer ( ). If you change your mind, put a line through the box ( ) and then put a cross in
another box ( ).
If you answer Question 7, put a cross in the box ( ).
7. Fragile Environments
(a) Study Figure 7 which shows how average annual global temperatures varied between 1860 and 2005.
Figure 7
Give evidence to support each of the following statements:
1. the last ten years on the figure have been the warmest since 1860
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1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
0.6
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–0.2
–0.4
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Tem
pera
ture
(°C
)
1870 1890 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990
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2. the temperature rose by nearly 1°C between 1900 and 2005.
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(b) Global warming is increasingly thought to be due to a strengthening of the greenhouse effect caused by atmospheric pollution.
Describe how human activities cause this pollution.
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(c) Suggest the likely impact that global warming might have on:
1. food supply
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2. water resources
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3. Gross Domestic Product.
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(d) Describe the aims, successes and failures of the Kyoto Protocol on climate change.
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(e) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of using nuclear power as a source of energy.
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(Total 30 marks)
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If you answer Question 8, put a cross in the box ( ).
8. Globalisation
(a) Study Figure 8 which gives information about Timberland, a clothing company based in the United States of America.
Figure 8
T-shirt from Turkey
Products retailed in 30 countries, mainly in North America, Europe and Asia
US company employing 5550 retail staff and a revenue of £1 billion a year
Shoes from the Dominican Republic
Jacket from Thailand
Shirts from India, China,Singapore, Hong Kong
Pullover from Thailand
Trousers from Bulgaria
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(i) Give evidence to support each of the following statements:
1. Timberland obtains its goods from a wide range of sources
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2. Timberland is a global brand.
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(ii) Give reasons why Timberland goods are:
1. manufactured in LEDCs (Less Economically Developed Countries) and NICs (Newly Industrialised Countries)
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2. retailed in MEDCs (More Economically Developed Countries).
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(iii) Suggest why companies like Timberland are becoming fewer in number but larger.
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(b) Describe the main advantages and disadvantages of globalisation.
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(c) Explain what has made possible the growth of a single global market.
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If you answer Question 9, put a cross in the box ( ).
9. Human Welfare
(a) Study Figure 9(a) which shows some development indicators for Sri Lanka and the United Kingdom (UK).
Indicator Sri Lanka United Kingdom
Urban Population (% of total population) 23 89
Infant Mortality Rate (per 1000 people) 17 6
Gross National Product (GNP)(US$ per person per year) 800 20,800
TVs (per 1000 people) 82 612
Doctors (per 1000 people) 23 164
Figure 9(a)
(i) What does the infant mortality rate measure?
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(ii) Give two pieces of evidence which suggest that poverty is greater in Sri Lanka than in the UK.
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(iii) Of those indicators shown in Figure 9(a) which two are the best indicators of human welfare? Give a reason for each of your choices.
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(b) Study Figure 9(b) which shows the global distribution of Human Development Index (HDI) values. HDI combines data on life expectancy, educational levels and economic output.
Figure 9(b)
(i) Describe the extent to which the continents differ in terms of HDI values.
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(ii) What is life expectancy?
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(iii) Suggest how the level of education in a country might be measured.
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(iv) Explain why some countries have a higher HDI than others. Refer to examples.
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(c) Describe the different types of international aid received by countries with low HDI values.
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TOTAL FOR SECTION B: 30 MARKSTOTAL FOR PAPER: 150 MARKS
END
Q9
(Total 30 marks)
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