Edexcel Chemistry A-Level - PMT...How do you test the rate of hydrolysis of different haloalkanes?...
Transcript of Edexcel Chemistry A-Level - PMT...How do you test the rate of hydrolysis of different haloalkanes?...
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Edexcel Chemistry A-LevelCore Practical 04 - Rates of hydrolysis of
halogenoalkanesFlashcards
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What is a hydrolysis reaction?
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What is a hydrolysis reaction?
Hydrolysis is a type reaction where water is used to break (hydrolyse) chemical bonds and split a reactant into two.
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How do you test the rate of hydrolysis of different haloalkanes? (chloro-, bromo-,
iodo-)
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How do you test the rate of hydrolysis of different haloalkanes? (chloro-, bromo-, iodo-)
● In 3 different test tubes add 4 drops of 1-chlorobutane, 1-bromobutane and 1-iodobutane.
● To each test tube add 5 cm3 of ethanol. Place all test tubes in a 50℃ water bath.
● Pour about 5 cm3 of silver nitrate into 3 test tubes. Place the test tubes in the water bath.
● When all the solutions have reached 50℃, add the silver nitrate to the haloalkane–ethanol solutions.
● Start the stop clock. Measure the time taken for each precipitate to appear.
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What are the expected results of these reactions?
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What are the expected results of these reactions?
Haloalkane Result1-chlorobutane White precipitate forms slowly.
1-bromobutane Cream precipitate forms faster than that of 1-chlorobutane but slower than 1-iodobutane.
1-iodobutane Yellow precipitate forms very quickly.
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How do you test the rate of hydrolysis of different haloalkanes? (primary,
secondary, tertiary)
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How do you test the rate of hydrolysis of different haloalkanes? (primary, secondary, tertiary)● In 3 different test tubes add 4 drops of 1-bromobutane, 2-bromobutane and
2-bromo-2-methylpropane.● To each test tube add 5 cm3 of ethanol. Place all test tubes in a 50℃ water
bath. ● Pour about 5 cm3 of silver nitrate into 3 test tubes. Place the test tubes in the
water bath. ● When all the solutions have reached 50℃, add the silver nitrate solution to
the haloalkane–ethanol solutions.● Start the stop clock. Measure the time taken for each precipitate to appear.
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What are the expected results of these reactions?
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What are the expected results of these reactions?
Haloalkane Result1-bromobutane Slow formation of cream
precipitate.
2-bromobutane Medium formation of cream precipitate.
2-bromo-2-methylpropane Fast formation of cream precipitate.
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What kind of reaction is the hydrolysis of haloalkanes?
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What kind of reaction is the hydrolysis of haloalkanes?
Nucleophilic substitution
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Why are water baths used?
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Why are water baths used?
To keep the temperature constant (as temperature is a control variable) so it doesn’t interfere with the rate of hydrolysis.
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What is an uncertainty?
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What is uncertainty?
The uncertainty in a measurement is the interval within which the true / actual value is expected to lie.
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What is percentage uncertainty and how do you calculate it?
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What is percentage uncertainty and how do you calculate it?
Percentage uncertainty in a measurement =
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How can you decrease the uncertainty in time taken?
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How can you decrease the uncertainty in time taken?
Use a lower temperature to reduce the rate of reaction. This will make the time taken longer and so the percentage uncertainty will be lower.
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