Eder - Societies Learn and Yet the World is Hard to Change

8/12/2019 Eder - Societies Learn and Yet the World is Hard to Change

1/22

!"

!"#$%&$%' )%*+, *,- .%& &/%

0"+)- $' /*+- &" #/*,1%!"#$% '()*

!" $%& '()* +&,(-./0' '.. .'1.2)3+445 6%57893)*.&'%/ :!;"

?*.5 +/+45@. 0*. '1.)3A3) 73AA.&2

./).' B.0C../ )(40(&+4 0&+/'-3'2'3%/ +/7 ,./.03) 0&+/'-3''3%/ +/7

0*. A(/)03%/ 0*+0 .&&%&'D /%/&+/27%- E+&3+03%/ +/7 &+/7%- ./E32

&%/-./0+4 .AA.)0' *+E. %/ 0*.-.)*+/3'- %A )(40(&+4 0&+/'-3'2

'3%/" $%& +/ .+&45 E.&'3%/ %A '()*+/ +&,(-./0 '.. F&3/,4. :!;=!>"

!23*+.!"#$%&'#( *(+ $,*-('(. *-, &/# *(*$0&'1*$$0 +'2&'(1& 1#(1,3&24

5,#3$, $,*-( 0,& ,"#$%&'#( 6718*(.,9: +#,2 (#& (,1,22*-'$0 &*;,3$*1,4 $,? &8, 1#(1,3& #= $,*-('(. '2 ,@3$'1*&,+4

A ='-2& 3-#>$,? *++-,22,+ '2 &8, B%,2&'#( #= /8# '2 $,*-('(.4 C,-, *

28'=& =-#? &8, 2'(.$, *1- 3,-23,1&'", *( '(&,-*1&'#( 3,-23,1&'",

'2 3-#3#2,+ 6%2'(. C*>,-?*2 *(+ D%8?*(( *2 &8,#-,&'1*$ *-.%E

?,(&2 =#- 2%18 * 28'=&:4 F#&8 8#/,",- '+,*$'G, 8, 3-,1#(+'&'#(2 &8*&

'(&,-*1& *(&2 28*-, /8'$, $,*-('(. 1#$$,1&'",$04 A.*'(2& -*&'#(*$'2&

*22%?3&'#(2 '& '2 *-.%,+ &8*& '( #-+,- $,*-( 3,#3$, (,,+ * (*--*E

&'",$0 >*2,+ 28*-,+ /#-$+4 H8*& +# &8,0 $,*-(I ,0#(+ &8, '+,* #= 2,$=E3-#3,$$'(. $,*-(E

'(. 3-#1,22,2 2'&%*&'#(2 #= %(1,-&*'(&0 *-, '+,(&'=',+ *2 &8, ?,18*E('2? #= $,*-('(.K (*?'(. 2'&%*&'#(2 #= >-,*;+#/( #= (*--*&'",

#-+,-2 &8, +,,3,2& %(1,-&*'(&0 =#2&,- $,*-('(.4 D,*-('(.K &8'2 '2

&8, 1#(1$%2'#(K +#,2 (#& .%*-*(&,, ,"#$%&'#(4 L& 8#/,",- 3-#"'+,2

&8, ?%&*&'#(2 =#- ,"#$%&'#(*-0 3-#1,22,2 &*;, 3$*1,4

45 6/% &/%"+%&$#*) 7+"8)%3

G%)3.03.' ).&0+3/45 .E%4E." ?*3' .E%4(03%/ 3' B+'.7 H 3/ )%/0&+'0

C30* /+0(&+4 .E%4(03%/ B+'.7 %/ ,./.03) .E%4(03%/ H %/ I.13,./.03)J

1&%).''.' C*3)* C. )+44 )(40(&+4 .E%4(03%/" K13,./.'3' 3' + )%/).10

0*+0 &.A.&' 0% 4.+&/3/, +' + -.)*+/3'- '.)%/7+&5 0% /+0(&+4 .E%4(2

03%/"! ?*3' 7%.' /%0 -.+/ 0% '+5 0*+0 +/3-+4' 7% /%0 4.+&/" ?*.5 7%"

6(0 0*.3& 4.+&/3/, 3' /%0 )%/'030(03E. A%& 0*. .E%4(03%/ %A 0*.3&

'1.)3.'" ?% 43/L 0*. -.)*+/3)' +/7 4%,3)' %A '%)3+4 .E%4(03%/ 0% )(42

0(&+4 .E%4(03%/ -.+/' 0*+0 0*. 4.+&/3/, %A '%)3.03.' 3' )%/'030(03E. A%&


2/22

#$

'%)3+4 .E%4(03%/" M(40(&+4 .E%4(03%/ 3' + 0*.%&5 %A 0*. C+5 3/ C*3)*

4.+&/3/, 1&%)..7'"N ?*.&.A%&. O '0&.'' +0 0*. %(0'.0 0*+0 '%)3.03.' 7%

4.+&/ +/7 0*+0 4.+&/3/, 3' .E./ )%/'030(03E. %A '%)3+4 .E%4(03%/"

?*+0 '%)3.03.' 4.+&/ C+' /%0 0*[email protected] (/034 0*. B.,3//3/, %A

-%7.&/ '%)3.03.'" P*.0*.& C. &.,+&7 30 +' + P.'0.&/ 37.%4%,5 %&/%0D )(40(&+4 .E%4(03%/ *+' B.)%-. + 0%13) + &.A4.)03%/ +' '()*D 4.+72

3/, 0% + '1.)3A3) 37.+ %A 0*. 4.+&/3/, 0*+0 *+' 0+L./ 14+). 3/ *(-+/

*3'0%&5" M%/0&+'03/, 30 C30* 0*. C+5 3/ C*3)* 0&+7303%/+4 '%)3.03.'

*+E. *+/74.7 0*3' 1&%B4.-D -3,*0 ,3E. (' + A3&'0 37.+ %A 0*. /+0(&.

%A 0*3' '1.)3A3)+445 -%7.&/ /%03%/ %A 4.+&/3/,"

?&+7303%/+4 '%)3.03.' +4'% *+7 0*.%&3.' +B%(0 0*. )%(&'. %A *3'0%2

&5 C*3)* 0*./ B.)+-. .AA.)03E. 3/ '*+13/, 0*. )%(&'. %A *3'0%&5" ?*.3&

37.+ C+' 0% 1%'30 + A(0(&. '0+0. 0%C+&7 C*3)* *(-+/ .Q3'0./). 3/ '%)32

.05 3' -%E3/," O/ P.'0.&/ &.43,3%/ 0*. 37.+ 3' )4.+&R 30 3' + 1&%).'' 4.+72

3/, 0% + B.00.& C%&47 (/7.& 0*. ,(37+/). %A S%7" ?*(' C. *+E. +/

.Q143)30 I4.+&/3/, 0*.%&5J B(340 3/0% 0*3' C+5 %A 4%%L3/, +0 0*. '%)3+4C%&47R S%7 +' 0*. .7()+0%& %A 0*. '%)3+4 C%&47 C*3)* 0&3.' 0% 4.+&/ 0*.

B.'0 C+5 30 )+/" M%/).&/3/, K+'0.&/ &.43,3%/' 0*. 37.+' %A 1.&A.)03%/

:43L. 3/ O/73+/ &.43,3%/'> %& 37.+' %A B.)%-3/, (403-+0.45 37./03)+4 C30*

0*. )%'-%' 3-145 37.+' %A '0+,.' %A 1.&A.)03%/ C*3)* 3' +/%0*.& )%/2

).10 %A + 4.+&/3/, 1&%).''" G1.)3+43'0'D &.43,3%(' IE3&0(%'3J :A&%-

6(77*3'0 -%/L' 0% T.73) 1&3.'0'> *.41.7 +4%/, 0*. 1&%).'' %A +&&3E3/,

+0 0*.'. '0+,.'" ?*3' 37.+ %A + 4.+&/3/, 1&%).'' 737 /%0 &.A.& '3-145 0%

0*. 3/73E37(+4" G3/). 0*.'. 37.+' 3/ K+'0.&/ 051.' %A &.43,3%/ A%&.'+C

0*+0 /% 3/73E37(+4 )%(47 &.+)* 0*. '0+,. %A 1.&A.)03%/ 3/ *3' %& *.& 43A.D

0*. 37.+ %A + '.&3.' %A 43E.' C+' 7.E.4%1.7 C*3)* ,(+&+/0..7 0*+0 4.+&/2

3/, C%(47 ,% %/ .E./ B.5%/7 0*. -.&. 43A. %A %/. 3/73E37(+4" ?*(' 0*.

4.+&/3/, (/30 *+' B../ 0*. )%44.)03E305 A%& C*3)* 0*. 3/73E37(+4 43A. C+'

0*. -.73(- 0%C+&7 + 1.&A.)03%/ %A *(-+/ B.3/,' +' '()*"U

?*3' '*%&0 .Q)(&'3%/ 3/0% )(40(&+4 +/7 &.43,3%(' *3'0%&5 :+/7

0*.&. C%(47 B. -()* 0% +77 )%/).&/3/, %0*.& &.43,3%(' 0&+7303%/'>

C+' -.+/0 +' + )%/0&+'0 0% C*+0 *+11./.7 3/ -%7.&/ '%)3.03.'" ?% 1(0

30 B&3.A45R V%7.&/ '%)3.05 &.14+).7 S%7 +' 0*. .7()+0%& %A -+/" O0

&.14+).7 S%7 C30* 3/0.44.)0(+4'D 3"." C30* G%)3.05" ?*(' 0*. ,&%(/7 %A

4.+&/3/, C+' /% 4%/,.& '30(+0.7 %(0'37. '%)3.05D B(0 3/'37. '%)3.05"

P. *+E. 0C% -+3/ .Q+-14.' %A 0*3' /.C L3/7 %A '.4A2)%/2

')3%('/.'' %A '%)3.05W' )+1+)305 0% 4.+&/" ?*. A3&'0 3' V+&Q +/7 *3' 37.+

%A 0*. 7.E.4%1-./0 %A 0*. A%&).' %A 1&%7()03%/ C*3)* 3' + 0*.%&5 %A +

0.)*/3)+4 %& )%,/303E. 4.+&/3/, 1&%).'' +44%C3/, *(-+/' 0% )%/0&%4

0*.3& ./E3&%/-./0 +/7 ('. 30 A%& 0*.3& %C/ 1(&1%'.'" ?*3' 37.+ C+' /%0

1.)(43+& 0% V+&Q" X. '3-145 ,+E. +/ .Q1&.''3%/ 0% + C37.'1&.+7 A..42

3/, %A -%7.&/ '%)3.05 4.+&/3/, +0 +/ 3/)&.73B4. '1..7 H 3/ ')3./).D 3/

0.)*/%4%,5D 3/ 0*. +-%(/0 %A 1&+)03)+4 L/%C4.7,. /.).''+&5 0% 0&+/'2

N" P*.0*.& 0*. ('. %A 0*. 0.&-I.E%4(03%/J 3/ 0*. )%/).10 %A )(42

0(&+4 .E%4(03%/ 3' + ,%%7 )*%3).)+/ B. Y(.'03%/.7 '3/). '%)3+4

.E%4(03%/ +/7 )(40(&+4 .E%4(03%/+&. )%-14.0.45 73AA.&./0 1&%).''2.'" Z+0(&+4 .E%4(03%/ 3' B+'.7 %/,./.03) -.)*+/3'-' :+/7 '%-.203-.' C. 0+4L 3/ + 4%%'. C+5 %A,./.03) .E%4(03%/>" O/ 0*. '+-.

4%%'. C+5 C. 0+4L %A '%)3+4 .E%4(203%/ +' B+'.7 %/ 4.+&/3/, -.)*+2/3'-' :+/7 0*./ C. %A0./ 0+4L %A

)(40(&+4 .E%4(03%/ +' 4.+&/3/,

1&%).''.'>" 6(0 0*.'. +&. 0.&-3/%24%,3)+4 1&%B4.-'" G.. A%& 0*3'1&%B4.- +4'% 6%57893)*.&'%/

:!;"

U" ?*. -%7. %A I&.E.4+03%/J 3' +,%%7 3/73)+0%& %A 0*. 73AA.&./).'

B.0C../ 0*.'. &.43,3%/'"

%&%'( *+,-./01234534. +4,67 ,78 9455:4 ;16+8 3. :,68 5112:,7/ !?( 7/ !( @/ !"AB$(!$$#/


3/22

#C

A%&- /+0(&. 3/0% +/ .)%/%-3) ,%%7" ?*. '.)%/7 .Q+-14. 3' X.&7.&W'

37.+ %A +/ IK&@3.*(/, 7.' V./')*./,.')*4.)*0'JD %A +/ .7()+03%/ %A

0*. *(-+/ &+). 0%C+&7 -%&+4 1.&A.)03%/D 0*. .7()+0%&' B.3/, 0*.

./43,*0./.7 -%&+43'0' %A 0*.3& 03-.D +/7 30' +1%0*.%'3' 3/ 0*. X.,.43+/

1*34%'%1*5 %A *3'0%&5" 6%0* 37.+' ./7 3/ 0*. /%03%/ 0*+0 4.+&/3/, 3' +'.4A2%&,+/3@3/, 1&%).'' ,%3/, %/ C30*3/ '%)3.05 +/7 -%E3/, '%)3.05

0*&%(,* 1&%,&.''3E. '0+,.' .30*.& 0%C+&7 -%&+4 (/3E.&'+43'- :0*3' *+'

B../ 0*. %/. .0*3)+4 0&+7303%/> %& 0%C+&7 0.)*/%4%,3)+4 -+'0.&5 %A

/+0(&. :0*3' *+' B../ 0*. )%,/303E.8')3./03A3) 0&+7303%/>"

G%)3%4%,5 *+' B&%L./ C30* 0*3' /+3E. C+5 %A 4%%L3/, +0 '%)3.2

05" ?*. '%)3%4%,5 %A L/%C4.7,. *+' '*%C/ 0*+0 0*3' 37.+ %A '%)3.05

+' + 4.+&/3/, ./0305 3' 30'.4A + '%)3+4 )%/'0&()03%/ 0*+0 3' )%/'030(03E.

%A 0*. )(40(&. %A -%7.&/ '%)3.05" G%)3.05 4.+&/.7 0*+0 30 4.+&/.7" [/7

0*3' 3/)&.+'.7 0&.-./7%('45 0*. '1..7 %A )(40(&+4 .E%4(03%/D %& 0*.

'1..7 %A '%)3.0+4 4.+&/3/,"\ V%7.&/ '%)3.03.' 0*(' )&.+0.7 + /.C

051. %A &.A4.Q3E. L/%C4.7,. +B%(0 0*. C+5 0*.5 4%%L +0 0*.-'.4E.'"?*3' 3' 0*. &.A4.Q3E305 %A -%7.&/ '%)3.03.'" V%7.&/ '%)3.05 3' +

4.+&/3/, '%)3.05" [44 0*3' *+' B.)%-. )%--%/ L/%C4.7,." [/7 5.0D

C. '0344 *+E. /% .Q14+/+03%/ C*5 +44 0*3' &.A4.Q3E305 *+' /%0 *.41.7

0% )&.+0. 0*. '%)3.05 C. C+/0" ?*(' 0*. 37.+ %A + 0*.%&5 %A '%)3.0+4

4.+&/3/, ,./.&+0.' + 1+&+7%QR P*5 7.'130. +44 L3/7' %A 4.+&/3/, 30 3'

'% *+&7 0% )*+/,. 0*. C%&47]= ?*3' 1+&+7%Q C344 B. +77&.''.7 4+0.&

+/7 .E./0(+445 B. &.'%4E.7 B5 + 0*.%&5 %A '%)3.0+4 4.+&/3/,"

?% 7% '% O *+E. 0% (/7.&'0+/7 +/7 )4+&3A5 *%C '%)3.03.' 4.+&/D

C*+0 0*.5 4.+&/ +/7 C*5 0*.5 4.+&/" ?*3' 4+00.& Y(.'03%/ 3' 3-1%&0+/0

0% .Q14+3/ C*5 -%7.&/ '%)3.03.' '%-.03-.' 7% /%0 -+L. ('. %A C*+0

0*.5 *+E. 4.+&/.7D +/7 0% .Q14+3/ C*5 0*.5 +0 03-.' B4%)L 4.+&/3/,1&%).''.'" ?*. 0*.%&.03)+4 /%03%/ %A 4.+&/3/, 0*+0 C. *+E. '..-' 0%

B. 3/'(AA3)3./0 0% +/'C.& '()* Y(.'03%/'" G% O *+E. 0% &.)%/'0&()0

A3&'0 C*+0 *+' B../ '+37 +B%(0 4.+&/3/, 1&%).''.'D '.. C*.&. C&%/,

73&.)03%/' *+E. B../ 0+L./ +/7 )*.)L +40.&/+03E. &%(0.' A%& )%/2

'0&()03/, 0*.%&.03)+4 -%7.4' %A '%)3+4 4.+&/3/, B.A%&. '0+&03/, 0*. 73'2

)(''3%/ C*5 4.+&/3/, '%-.03-.' 0+L.' 14+). +/7 +0 %0*.& 03-.' /%0"

95 :"0 -" '"#$%&$%' )%*+,;

954


4/22

#!

3/73E37(+4' 4.+&/"^ ?*3' 3' 0*. A+-%(' 1&%B4.- %A 0*. -3)&%A%(/7+2

03%/' %A -+)&%27.E.4%1-./0'D 0*. 1&%B4.- 0*+0 *3'0%&5 3' 0*. &.'(40

%A -5&3+7' %A 3/73E37(+4 +)03%/'"_ ?*3' C+5 %A A&+-3/, 0*. 1&%B4.-D

O C%(47 43L. 0% +&,(.D 3-143.' +/ 3/+7.Y(+0.45 &.+'%/.7 +''(-103%/

C*3)* )+/ B. 37./03A3.7 B5 4%%L3/, +0 3/73E37(+43'03) -%7.' %A0*3/L3/, + '%)3+4 %&7.&"

?*. 0*.%&.03)+4 73')(''3%/ 3/ '%)3%4%,5 %AA.&' (' + '%1*3'032

)+0.7 -%7.4 A%& (/7.&'0+/73/, 0*. -3)&%24.E.4 B+'3' %A -+)&%24.+&/2

3/," ?*3' 3' 0*. -%7.4 %A '%)3+43@+03%/D 0*. 37.+ 0*+0 + '%)3.05 '%)3+42

3@.' 30' -.-B.&' B5 3/)(4)+03/, /%&-' +/7 E+4(.'" ?*3' -%7.4 %A

'%)3+43@+03%/ *+' B../ 1&%-3/./0 A%& + 4%/, 1.&3%7D 4.0 (' '+5 A&%-

F+&'%/' 0% X+B.&-+'"< ?*. '1.)3A3) )*+&+)0.& %A 0*.'. 0*.%&3.' 3'

0*+0 0*.5 &.4+0. + '5'0.-3) 1.&'1.)03E. +/7 +/ 3/73E37(+43'0 +)0%& 1.&2

'1.)03E." F+&'%/' '..' +)03%/ +' ,%E.&/.7 B5 A%(& 1+00.&/ E+&3+B4.'

C*3)* +&. 1+&0 %A + '5'0.- %A +)03%/" O-1%&0+/0 A%& %(& 1(&1%'.'

*.&. 3' %/45 0*+0 4.+&/3/, 0+L.' 14+). %/ 0*. '5'0.- 4.E.4 3/ 0.&-' %A3/)&.+'3/, 3/)4('3%/ :(/3E.&'+43'->D E+4(. ,./.&+43@+03%/ +/7 ,%+4

'1.)3A3)+03%/D B(0 3' .Q14+3/.7 3/ 0.&-' %A 1&%1.&03.' %A 3/73E37(+4

+)03%/" X+B.&-+' 0+L.' %E.& 0*3' -%7.4D +773/, + )%,/303E3'0 1.&2

'1.)03E. 0% 0*. 0*.%&5 %A +)03%/D .-1*+'3@3/, 0*. )%/'0&()03E. )*+&2

+)0.& %A 0*. 3/73E37(+4 3/ 0*. 1&%).'' %A '%)3+43@+03%/ :+/7 0*3' )%/2

'0&()03E3'- 3' B+'.7 %/ 37.+' 0+L./ A&%- ,./.&+03E. ,&+--+03)+4

0*.%&5 +/7 A&%- F3+,.03+/ )%,/303E3'- +/7 0&+/'A%&-.7 3/0% + )%-2

-(/3)+03E. )%-1.0./). 0*.%&5 H 0*. A+-%(' 0*.%&5 %A )%--(/3)+2

03E. +)03%/ C*3)* &.-+3/' B+'3)+445 +/ 3/73E37(+43'0 +)03%/ 0*.%&5>"

X.&. +,+3/ 0*. 37.+ 3' 0*+0 0*. .E%4(03%/ %A '%)3+4 '5'0.-' )+/ B.

.Q14+3/.7 B5 +/ I+)03%/ 0*.%&5JD C*3)* -.+/' B5 &.A.&./). 0% 0*.

+)03%/ %&3./0+03%/' %A 3/73E37(+4 +)0%&'"

O/ X+B.&-+' 0*3' (403-+0.45 &.'(40' 3/ 0*. +00.-10 0% 1+&+42

4.43@. 3/73E37(+4 +/7 .E%4(03%/+&5 4.+&/3/, 3/ + 7%(B4. C+5

:X[6K9V[GD !;_;>" ?*. A3&'0 3' 0*+0 L/%C4.7,. +B%(0 *(-+/

7.E.4%1-./0 C344 &.E.+4 0*. 1%''3B45 (/3E.&'+4 )+1+)305 %A *(-+/'

0% 7.E.4%1 0*.3& 1%0./03+4303.' ,3E./ B5 4+/,(+,.` '()* + 1%0./03+4

)%(47 B. 37./03A3.7 B5 &.3/0.&1&.03/, F3+,.03+/ 1'5)*%4%,3)+4 0*.%2

&3.' %A )%,/303E. 7.E.4%1-./0 +' 0*.%&3.' %A 3/73E37(+4 4.+&/3/, C30*

+/ 3/2B(340 0.4%'D /+-.45 )%,/303E. &.A4.Q3E305 +/7 (/3E.&'+43'03)

-%&+4 +&,(-./0+03%/" X+E3/, 0*(' + -%7.4 %A 1%0./03+4 *(-+/ 3/732

E37(+4 7.E.4%1-./0D -+)&%27.E.4%1-./0' )%(47 B. (/7.&'0%%7 +'

.E%4(03%/+&5 4.+&/3/, 1&%).''.' B5 1%'0(4+03/, +/ 3/0.&+)03%/

B.0C../ 3/73E37(+4 4.+&/3/, +/7 '%)3%)(40(&+4 7.E.4%1-./0'"

M(40(&+4 .E%4(03%/ H 30 3' )%/)4(7.7 H 3' 7.1./7./0 (1%/ 3/73E37(+4

4.+&/3/, )+1+)303.'D +/7 )(40(&+4 .E%4(03%/ 0+L3/, 14+). ,(+&+/0..'

0*. &.1&%7()03%/ %A '()* )+1+)303.' C*3)* 3/ 0(&/ &+3'. 0*. 4.E.4 %A

%&%'( *+,-./01234534. +4,67 ,78 9455:4 ;16+8 3. :,68 5112:,7/ !?( 7/ !( @/ !"AB$(!$$#/

^" ?*3' 3' + )4+''3) 0%13) 3/ .E%4(203%/+&5 0*.%&5" G.. $3'*B.3/:!;_^> %& F4%0L3/ :!;" O/ '%)3+40*.%&5 '%)3+4 1'5)*%4%,3'0' *+E.+&,(.7 A%& '()* + 1.&'1.)03E." G..+' + )4+''3) 6+/7(&+ :!;__> %&-%&. &.)./045 X%44+/7 .0 +4":!;"

_" ?*3' 73')(''3%/ *+' 7.E.4%1.73/ + E.&5 73AA.&./03+0.7 C+5" G..+' + ,%%7 %E.&E3.C [4.Q+/7.& .0+4" :!;"


5/22

##

1%''3B4. 3/73E37(+4 4.+&/3/, 1&%).''.'" ?*(' +/ 3/0.&+)03E. 0*.%&5 %A

3/73E37(+4 +/7 '5'0.- 4.E.4 7.E.4%1-./0' 3' 0*. B+'3' A%& 0*. 0*.%2

&5 %A .E%4(03%/+&5 1&%).''.'"

?*3' 0*.%&5 '0344 %C.' -()* 0% 0*. .+&45 ./43,*0./-./0 C*3)*

C+' (/)4.+& +B%(0 30' %C/ A(/)03%/ 3/ 0*. .-.&,3/, -%7.&/ C%&47"F+&'%/' +/7 X+B.&-+' +11.+& +' /.C X.&7.&3+/' C*% '0344 0*3/L 3/

0.&-' %A 3/73E37(+4' C*% *+E. 0% B. .7()+0.7D +773/, 0*. 37.+ %A +

)%/'0&()03E. &.+)03%/ %/ 0*. 1+&0 %A 0*. .7()+0.7D +/7 0*.&.A%&.

+&,(3/, A%& +/5 '5-B%43) +)0 0*+0 )%(47 *.41 1.%14. 4.+&/ '%-.2

0*3/," ?*. B.'0 .Q+-14. %A 0*3' 1&+)03)+4 3-143)+03%/ 3' 0*. 1&%1%'2

+4 %A X+B.&-+' 0*+0 3/ %&7.& 0% 4.+&/ + /.C '0.1 0%C+&7 + 7.-%2

)&+03) )(40(&.D 0*. S.&-+/' '*%(47 ./,+,. 3/ + )%/'030(03%/+4 73'2

)(''3%/D 0*3' 73')(''3%/ B.3/, '../ +' + -.73(- A%& 4.+&/3/," X.&.

0*. -%7.4 %A 0*. 3/0.44.)0(+4 4+(/)*3/, + 73')(''3%/ C30* 0*. 3/0./2

03%/ %A -+L3/, 1.%14. 4.+&/ 3' %BE3%('" ?*3' 1&%1%'303%/ *+' '%-.

&.'.-B4+/). 0% C*+0 0*. S.&-+/' )+44 IaB.&4.*&.&E.&*+40./J :0%B.*+E. 43L. + *3,* ')*%%4 0.+)*.&>" ?*3' X+B.&-+'3+/ 1&%1%'303%/

*+' /%0 B../ 0+L./ (1 :30'.4A + '%)3%4%,3)+445 3/0.&.'03/, .E./0>" O

+''(-. 0*+0 0*3' 3' 0*. )+'. /%0 B.)+('. 0*. S.&-+/' +&. B+7

7.-%)&+0' C*% 737 /%0 ,.0 ./%(,* 4.''%/' 3/ 7.-%)&+)5D B(0 '3-2

145 B.)+('. %A 0*. A+)0 0*+0 0*. 4.+&/3/, %A '%)3.03.' 7%.' /%0 0+L.

14+). 3/ 0*3' C+5";

?*. '%)3+43@+03%/ -%7.4 &(/' )%(/0.& 0% 0*. 4%,3) %A 4.+&/2

3/, 3/ &.+445 -%7.&/ '%)3.03.'" V%7.&/305 *+' .Q)4(7.7 0*. .7(2

)+03%/+4 -%7.4 %A 4.+&/3/, B.)+('. 30 3' 0%% )4%'. 0% + *3.&+&)*32

)+4 -%7.4 C*3)* )%/0&+73)0' 0*. B+'3) 1&.-3'.' %A -%7.&/305" !b

?*(' 0*. 0*.%&.03)+4 %103%/ 0% (/7.&'0+/7 .E%4(03%/+&5 4.+&/3/, 3/

0.&-' %A 0*. .7()+03%/+4 -%7.4 3' /%0 E3+B4." P*+0 0*./ 7%.' +

E3+B4. -%7.4 '(30.7 0% &.+4 -%7.&/ '%)3.03.' 4%%L 43L.] [/7 C*+0

+&. 30' 3-143)+03%/' C30* &.,+&7 0% 0*. /%&-+03E. 3-143)+03%/' %A

0*. X+B.&-+'3+/ +11&%+)* C*3)* &.1&.'./0' +/ 3-1%&0+/0 43/. %A

-%7.&/ '%)3+4 0*%(,*0 %/ '%)3.0+4 7.E.4%1-./0 +/7 '%)3.0+4

4.+&/3/,]

?*(' 0*. '%)3+43@+03%/20*.%&5 +11&%+)* 0% .E%4(03%/+&5 4.+&/2

3/, *+' 0% B. )%&&.)0.7 3/ 0C% 73AA.&./0 &.'1.)0'" $3&'0D 30 A3&'0 *+' 0%

B. )%&&.)0.7 C30* &.,+&7 0% 30' 3/73E37(+43'03) +''(-103%/' C*3)*

'+5 0*+0 0*. +,,&.,+0. %A .7()+0.7 1.%14. C344 4.+&/" G.)%/745D 30 *+'

0% B. )%&&.)0.7 &.,+&73/, 0*. 3-143)30 &.4+03%/+4 -%7.4 C*3)* 3' '0344

3/7.B0.7 0% 0*. *3.&+&)*3)+4 0&+7303%/ )*+&+)0.&3'03) A%& .+&45 -%7.&/

+/7 /%/2-%7.&/ (/3E.&'+43'03) )(40(&.'" [ '%)3%4%,5 %A 3/0.44.)0(+4'

3' /% 4%/,.& 0*. L.5 0% '%)3+4 4.+&/3/,"!!

?*. +40.&/+03E. 3' 0% ,3E. (1 0*. 37.+ %A 4.+&/3/, 3/73E37(+4'

+/7 0% ,./.&+43@. 0*. 37.+ %A '%-. 0.+)*3/, %0*.&' C*+0 0% 4.+&/"!N

;" ?*3' +4'% .Q14+3/' 0*. )./0&+4305%A 0*. '%)3%4%,5 %A 3/0.44.)0(+4'

A%& .Q14+3/3/, )(40(&+4 .E%4(03%/3/ -%7.&/ '%)3.03.' :+/7 .E./ 1&.2-%7.&/ '%)3.03.' C30* (/3E.&'+43'2

03) &.43,3%/'>" G.. +-%/, -+/5%0*.&' K3'./'0+70c' 73')(''3%/ %A

0*. &%4. %A 3/0.44.)0(+4' 3/ *3'0%&5:KOGKZG?[d?D !;"

!b" e%( )+/ .7()+0. 0*. 5%(/,DB(0 /% 4%/,.& 0*. +7(40"

!!" Z.30*.& 7%.' 0*. '%)3%4%,5 %A.E.&57+5 L/%C4.7,. 0.44 (' '%-.2

0*3/, +B%(0 4.+&/3/," X%C.E.&D'5-B%43) 3/0.&+)03%/3'-D .'1.)3+4245 0*. C%&L %A S%AA-+/D *.41' ('

0% )%&&.)0 A%& + &.4+03%/+4 1.&'1.)2

03E. 0% C*3)* C. *+E. 0% +77 0*.3''(. %A *%C %&7.&D A&+-.' .0)" +&.)*+/,.7 3/ 0*. )%(&'. %A '%)3+4

)*+/,. %& '%)3+4 .E%4(03%/"

!N" G.. +' + './'303E. )&303Y(. %AX+B.&-+' +/7 30' 1%0./03+4

G0&57%- :!;;ND !;;U>"

%&%'( *+,-./01234534. +4,67 ,78 945

5:4 ;16+8 3. :,68 5112:,7/ !?( 7/ !( @/ !"AB$(

!$$#/


6/22

#?

?*. -3)&%2'%)3%4%,3)+4 B+'3' %A .E%4(03%/+&5 4.+&/3/, 1&%).''.' *+'

0% B. )%/).10([email protected] /%0 3/ 0.&-' %A + 0*.%&5 %A '%)3+4 +)03%/D B(0 3/

0.&-' %A + 0*.%&5 %A '%)3+4 3/0.&+)03%/D /%0 3/ 0.&-' %A )%-1.0./0

'(Bf.)0'D B(0 3/ 0.&-' %A .E%4E3/, A%&-' %A 3/0.&'(Bf.)03E305D /%0 3/

0.&-' %A 3/0./03%/'D B(0 3/ 0.&-' %A &.4+03%/'" P*+0 0*3' .Q+)045-.+/' C344 /%C B. )4+&3A3.7"

959 =, *)&%+,*&$>% &/%"+%&$#*) "7&$",?$,&%+*#&$",$'3

?*. 0*.%&.03)+4 0&+7303%/' '0+&03/, C30* 0*. 3/73E37(+4!U &.-+3/

'0()L 3/ 0*.3& 3/73E37(+43'0 +''(-103%/'D +/7 0*.5 +&. %/45 )%/'.2

Y(./03+4 C*./ 0*.5 A3/+445 7.)4+&. 0*+0 0*.3& &.'.+&)* 1&%,&+- 3' B+'32

)+445 3/73E37(+43'03)D .30*.& B.)+('. %A +''(-103%/' +B%(0 *(-+/ )%,2

/303E. )+1+)303.'D %& B.)+('. %A +''(-103%/' +B%(0 0*.3& &+03%/+4 -%032

E+03%/'" [ /%/21'5)*%4%,3)+4 :+/7 /%/23/73E37(+43'0> 0*.%&5 %A +)03%/

3' B+'.7 %/ 0*. 37.+ 0*+0 0*. B+'3' %A '%)3+4 4.+&/3/, +&. /%0 3/73E37(2

+4' B(0 '%)3+4 &.4+03%/'*31'" ?*(' 30 3' /%0 3-1%&0+/0 C*+0 1.%14. *+E.

3/ -3/7 B(0 C*+0 0*.5 '*+&."!\ KE./ 0*. )4+''3)+4 .7()+03%/+4 -%7.4

3-143.' + '%)3+4 &.4+03%/'*31R +/ *3.&+&)*3)+4 &.4+03%/'*31 0*+0 +44%C'

%/. 0% ,% A&%- 0*. 0%1 0% 0*. B%00%-D A&%- 0*. .7()+0%& 0% 0*. 4.+&/2

3/, 3/73E37(+4" ?*(' *3.&+&)*3)+4 &.4+03%/'*31' )+/ B. .Q14+3/.7 +' +

'1.)3+4 A%&- %A '%)3+4 &.4+03%/'D ."," +' + 1%C.&2B+'.7 &.4+03%/'*31" [

&.4+03%/+4 0*.%&5 +0 0*. '+-. 03-. /% 4%/,.& ('.' 0*. 3/73E37(+4 +' 0*.

B+'3) (/305 %A +/+45'3'D B(0 &.4+03%/' B.0C../ 0*.-" $%& + 4.+&/3/, 0*.2

%&5 0*3' %AA.&' 0*. 1%''3B34305 %A '..3/, 0*. .7()+03%/+4 -%7.4 3/ &.4+2

03%/+4 0.&-' +/7 )%/).10(+43@. 4.+&/3/, 0*.%&3.' +4%/, 0*. )%/03/((-

%A *3.&+&)*3)+4 +/7 .,+430+&3+/ -%7.' %A 4.+&/3/,"!=

G()* + '*3A0 3' /%0 0*. &.'(40 %A +/ 3--+/./0 4%,3) %A 0*3/L2

3/, +B%(0 4.+&/3/, :3A 0*.&. 3' +0 +44 '()* + 0*3/, 43L. 1+&+73,-+02

3) 4%,3)'>D B(0 *+' 0% 7% C30* &.+4 )*+/,.' 3/ 0*. C+5 '%)3+4 4.+&/2

3/, *+' B../ %B'.&E.7 B5 0*%'. 3/E%4E.7 3/ )%44.)03E. 4.+&/3/,

1&%).''.'" ?*. )./0&+4 1%3/0 3' 0*+0 -%7.&/ )(40(&. 3' 1.&).3E.7 B5

30' 1+&03)31+/0' +' 0*. %(0)%-. %A + )%44.)03E. ./0.&1&3'.D +' 0*.

%(0)%-. %A )%44.)03E. 73')(''3%/D %A )%44.)03E. +&,(-./0+03%/ 3/

,&%(1'D %&,+/3@+03%/'D 3/'030(03%/'"!^ ?*. 1&%7()03%/ %A -%7.&/

)(40(&. 3' 1.&).3E.7 B5 0*. +)0%&' 3/E%4E.7 +' + )%44.)03E. 4.+&/3/,

1&%).'' :-%'045 %A + )4+''D /+-.45 0*. g6347(/,'Bh&,.&0(-W>"

?*(' 0*. (/7.&'0+/73/, %A -%7.&/ '%)3.05 30'.4A A%&).' (' 0% 0+L.

0*. '0.1 A&%- +/ 3/73E37(+43'0 0% + &.4+03%/+4 0*.%&5 %A '%)3+4

+)03%/"

!U" ?*3' *%47' /%0 %/45 A%& 0*.+B%E.2-./03%/.7F+&'%/'8X+B.&-+' 0&+7303%/D B(0+4'% A%& &+03%/+42)*%3). 0*.%&3.'C*3)* +&. .Y(+445 B+'.7 %/ 3/732E37(+43'0 +''(-103%/'" ?*. 4+00.&

73AA.& '3-145 B5 +''(-3/, + '3-214.& -%7.4 %A 3/73E37(+4 4.+&/3/,+/7 B.*+E3%(&" G.. A%& + 73')('2'3%/ %A 0*3' K7.&8G)*-370L.:!;;"

!\"P*.0*.& C*+0 0*.5 *+E. 3/-3/7 3' -%&. %& 4.'' 0*+/ C*+00*.5 '*+&. 3' +/ 3-1%&0+/0 1%3/0A%& A(&0*.& 73')(''3%/ %A '%)3+44.+&/3/, 1&%).''.'"

!=" ?*. +&,(-./0' A%& + &.4+03%/+4+11&%+)* *+E. B../ &.)./045 '(-2-+&[email protected] B5 K-3&B+5.& :!;;_>"

!^" ?*3' *+' B../ .-1*+'[email protected] B5

X+B.&-+' 3/ *3' B%%L %/ 0*. 37.+%A 0*. 1(B43) '1+).:IiAA./043)*L.30J>" G.. +4'% 0*..Q0./'3E. 0&.+0-./0 %A 0*. *3'0%&32)+4 A%&-' 0*&%(,* C*3)* 0*3' 37.+%A .Y(+4 +/7 73')(&'3E. 3/0.&+)03%/'30(+03%/' *+' .E%4E.7 3/ K7.&:!;"

%&%'( *+,-./01234534. +4,67 ,78 9455:4 ;16+8 3. :,68 5112:,7/ !?( 7/ !( @/ !"AB$(!$$#/


7/22

#B

?*3' 1%3/0 *+' B../ -+7. )4.+& H C30* /.C )%'0' &.,+&73/,

0*. (/7.&'0+/73/, %A .E%4(03%/+&5 4.+&/3/, 1&%).''.' H B5

j(*-+//"!_ X3' .-1*+'3' %/ + &.4+03%/+4 1.&'1.)03E. %/ '%)3.05

+/7 *3' &.)%/'0&()03%/ %A 0*. '.4A2%&,+/3@3/, 1&%).''.' +/7 0*.

'.4A2%&,+/3@3/, )+1+)303.' %A '%)3+4 '5'0.-' '3,/+4' 0*. /.).''+&5)*+/,. 3/ 1.&'1.)03E." j.+&/3/, 3' '%-.0*3/, 0*+0 0+L.' 14+). 3/

0*. 1&%).'' %A 3/0.&+)03%/D +/7 30' &.1&.'./0+03%/ 3/ +/ 3/73E37(+4

-3/7 3' '3-145 %/. :+/7 %A0./ 0*. 4.+'0 3-1%&0+/0> A+)0%& 0%

+))%(/0 A%& )*+/,. %& .E%4(03%/+&5 4.+&/3/, 1&%).''.'"!< P*+0 3'

4%'0 C30* j(*-+//W' 0*.%&3@3/, 3' 0*. 37.+ %A + -3)&%'%)3+4

-.)*+/3'- %A 4.+&/3/," [40*%(,* 0+L3/, +/ +7.Y(+0. 1.&'1.)2

03E.D 30 '0&31' '%)3+4 &.+4305 %A +/5 +''(-103%/ +B%(0 C*+0 3' ,%3/,

%/ 3/ 0*. -3)&%2A%(/7+03%/' %A -+)&%21&%).''.'" ?*. /%/23/732

E37(+43'0 0*.%&5 3' 43L. 0*. /+L.7 73E+ :%& L3/,> C*% *+' 0% ,.0

/.C )4%0*.'"

95@ 60" 3"-%)' "A $,&%+*#&$",$'3

?*.&. +&. 0C% C+5' 0% ,3E. 0% 0*. 73E+ :%& L3/,> /.C )4%0*.'"

a/. %103%/ 3' 0% A344 0*. 3/0.&+)03%/3'0 0*.%&5 C30* &+03%/+43'03)

+''(-103%/' +B%(0 0*. &.4+03%/+4 )*+&+)0.& %A '%)3+4 &.+4305" ?*.

%0*.& 3' 0% A344 30 +,+3/ C30* +''(-103%/' 0*+0 +&. )%/0+3/.7 3/ 0*.

X+B.&-+'3+/ 3/73E37(+43'0 0*.%&5 %A +)03%/" O C344 ,3E. %/45 0C%

3/73)+03%/' %A C*+0 0*3' &.A3443/, %A 0*. 0*.%&5 -3,*0 4%%L 43L."

M%/).&/3/, 0*. &+03%/+43'03) &.7.A3/303%/ %A 0*. &.4+03%/+4 -%7.4D

.E%4(03%/+&5 4.+&/3/, )+/ B. )%/).3E.7 3/ E+&3%(' C+5'" ?*. -%'0

'3-14. C%(47 B. 0% A%&-(4+0. + 0*.%&5 %A 0*. )*+/,. %A 1&.A.&./).'0&()0(&.' +' 0*. &.'(40 %A + '.&3.' %A &+03%/+4 )*%3). '30(+03%/'"

[Q.4&%7W' -%7.4 %A 30.&+0.7 ,+-.' 1&%E37.' + &+0*.& 43-30.7 -%7.4

%A '()* + 4.+&/3/, 1&%).''R 30 3' +/ .Q14+/+03%/ %A f('0 %/. 1%''3B4.

4.+&/3/, 1&%).'' C30*3/ 0*. -%7.4 :[kKj9adD !;"

!


8/22

#D

3' /% 4%/,.& 4%)+0.7 3/ 0*. 3/73E37(+4D B(0 3/ 0*. '%)3+4 )%/0.Q0 0%

C*3)*:'> *. 3' B%(/7"

?*. 4.+&/3/, %A '%)3.03.'D 0*./D 3' + 1*./%-./%/ 0*+0 )+//%0

B. .Q14+3/.7 B5 3/73E37(+4 4.+&/3/,D '3/). 30 3' +/ .AA.)0 %A 0*. '%)3+4

)%%&73/+03%/ %A 4.+&/3/, 1&%).''.' %A 3/73E37(+4'" G%)3+4 )%%&73/+203%/D *%C.E.&D A%44%C' + 4%,3) 73AA.&./0 A&%- 0*. 4%,3) %A 3/73E37(+4

4.+&/3/," ?*3' 0*.%&5 )+/ 3/A%&- + 0*.%&5 %A '%)3.0+4 4.+&/3/, 3/'%2

A+& +' '()* 4.+&/3/, 1&%).''.' )+/ B. .Q14+3/.7 +' +00.-10' %A *3/2

7.&3/, 3&&+03%/+4 +)03%/"!; ?*. -.)*+/3'- 7.')&3B.7 3' + B+'3) -.)*2

+/3'- %A '%)3+4 4.+&/3/,D A&%- 3/0.&1.&'%/+4 ,&%(1 4.+&/3/, (1 0%

.E%4(03%/+&5 4.+&/3/," KQ+-14.' )%(47 B. ,3E./ C30* &.,+&7 0% 0*.

.-.&,./). %A 0*. '0+0.D %A 73.0+&5 /%&-' +/7 %A )%/0&+)0(+4 /%&-'D

0% 0*. .-.&,./). %A )%/0&+)0(+4 /%&-' 3/ B+&,+3/3/, .0)"Nb

?*. +40.&/+03E. C+5 0% A344 3/ 0*. &.4+03%/+4 -%7.4 3' 0% &.0(&/

0% '%-. %A 0*. '(B'0+/03E. +''(-103%/' %A 0*. X+B.&-+'3+/ 0*.%&5D

/+-.45 0*+0 3/73E37(+4' B+'. 0*.3& )+1+)305 0% +)0 &+03%/+445 (1%/'1.)3A3) )%,/303E. +/7 -%&+4 )%-1.0./).' :I/%02B.3/,2+B4.2/%020%

4.+&/J H '.. X+B.&-+'D !;_;D 1" !\_ H C+' 0*. 3/303+4 C+5 %A f('032

A53/, 0*3' 051. %A +&,(-./0l>"N! ?*. +&,(-./0 %A '()* + )%--(/32

)+03%/ 0*.%&5 +11&%+)* C%(47 &(/ 43L. 0*3'R O/ %&7.& 0% 7.E.4%1 '()*

)%-1.0./).'D ).&0+3/ -3)&%'%)3+4 '30(+03%/' +&. /.).''+&5" ?*3'

C%(47 ,3E. (' + L.5 0% 73'03/,(3'* B.0C../ '30(+03%/' 0*+0 )%/0&3B(0.

0% 0*. 4.+&/3/, %A 3/73E37(+4' +/7 0*%'. 0*+0 7% /%0"

[ ,%%7 .Q+-14. 3' 0*. -%7.4 %A )%44.)03E. 4.+&/3/, 1&%).''.'

0*+0 V344.& :!; 1&%1%'.'" X. 7.A3/.' I37.+4J )%44.)03E. 4.+&/3/,

1&%).''.' +' +00.-10' 0% '%4E. )%,/303E. 3/)%/'3'0./)3.' 0*&%(,*

&+03%/+4 +&,(-./0+03%/ C*3)* &.Y(3&.' 0*+0 0*. 1&3/)314.' %A ,./.&2

+43@+03%/D %A %Bf.)03E305 +/7 %A 0&(0* +&. A%44%C.7 3/ '()* +&,(-./2

0+03E. '30(+03%/'" ?*3' 37.+4 '30(+03%/ 0*./ '.&E.' 0*. 37./03A 3)+03%/ %A

'30(+03%/' 3/ C*3)* 4.+&/3/, 3' .30*.& 1&.E./0.7D 3/0.&&(10.7 %& '5'2

0.-+03)+445 &.'0&3)0.7D C*3)* 4.+7' 0% + 051%4%,5 %A B4%)L.7 4.+&/3/,

1&%).''.' *. )+44' +(0*%&30+&3+/D 37.%4%,3)+4 +/7 &.,&.''3E. 4.+&/3/,"

?*+0 4.+&/3/, 3' 1&.E./0.7 3' /%0 7(. 0% 0*. A+)0 0*+0 3/73E37(+4' 7%

/%0 4.+&/D B(0 0% 0*. A+)0 0*+0 0*.5 +&. 3/E%4E.7 3/ )%44.)03E. 4.+&/3/,

1&%).''.' 3/ C*3)* 0*. &.4+03%/' B.0C../ 3/73E37(+4' I/.(0&[email protected]

&.Y(3&.-./0' A%& &+03%/+4 +&,(-./0+03%/"

[ A3&'0 051. %A B4%)L3/, )%44.)03E. 4.+&/3/, 1&%).''.' 3' ,3E./

3/ '30(+03%/' C*.&. 0*. B%75 %A L/%C4.7,. 3' +)).10.7 B5 30' -.&.

+(0*%&305" ?*. 1&3/)314. 0*+0 +/5 '0+0.-./0 '*%(47 B. '(Bf.)0 0% + 0.'0

%A 30' ,./.&+43@+B34305 3' /% 4%/,.& +1143.7" ?*3' 3' +(0*%&30+&3+/

4.+&/3/,"NN O7.%4%,3)+4 4.+&/3/, 3' -%&. '(B04." O0 -+3/45 '+5' 0*+0 3/

).&0+3/ +&.+'D '()* +' -%&+4 +/7 /%&-+03E. Y(.'03%/'D C. +4&.+75

L/%C C*+0 0*. &3,*0 +/'C.&' +&." O0 3-143.' 0*+0 0*. 1&3/)314. %A

!;" ?*3' )+/ B.)%-.D 3A /%0 *+/274.7 C30* ./%(,* )+&.D + &+0*.&

&.+)03%/+&5 0*.%&5D /%0 E.&5 73A2A.&./0 A&%- S.*4./W' 37.+ %A 3/'0320(03%/' C*3)* '.&E. +' B(4C+&L' %A&+03%/+4305 +,+3/'0 0*. 1%0./03+43&&+03%/+4305 %A 3/73E37(+4 +)03%/"

Nb" 9.,+&73/, 0*3' +&,(-./0 0*.&.3' + E+'0 430.&+0(&." a/ 0*. .-.&2,./). %A 0*. '0+0. '.. C%&L' '()*+' M4+.''./8GL+4/3L :!;_DX+&&3' :!;__D !;_" 9.,+&73/,73.0+&5 &.,3-.' 0*. 7.B+0.B.0C../ X+&&3' +/7 G+*43/' 3'3/A%&-+03E. :X+&&3' !;_;` G+*43/'!;_^>" $%& 0*. 1&%B4.- %A )%/20&+)0(+4 /%&-' '.. K4'0.& :!;;!>"

N!" G.. +' +/ +1143)+03%/ 0% 0*.1&%B4.- %A 0*. .-.&,./). %A 0*.'0+0. K7.& :!;_^>"

NN" [7%&/%W' +/+45'3' %A +(0*%&320+&3+/ 0*3/L3/, :[da9Za .0 +4"D!;^; m!;=bn> A3/7' *.&. + '5'0.-2+03) .Q143)+03%/"

%&%'( *+,-./01234534. +4,67 ,78 9455:4 ;16+8 3. :,68 5112:,7/ !?( 7/ !( @/ !"AB$(!$$#/


9/22

#E

%Bf.)03E305 )+/ B. '(11&.''.7D C*3)* ./0+34' 0*+0 0*. +&,(-./0' %A

0*. %0*.& :0*. ./.-5> +&. /%0 '../ +' 1+&0 %A 0*. 7.A3/303%/ %A 0*. '302

(+03%/ +-%/, 0*%'. 0+L3/, 1+&0 3/ +/ +&,(-./0+03E. 1&%).''D .E./

C*./ 0*.&. +&. /% +&,(-./0' +,+3/'0 0*3' 1%'303%/" [&,(-./0' +&.

'5'0.-+03)+445 .Q)4(7.7 A&%- 0*. +&,(-./0+03E. 1&%).''" 9.,&.''3E.4.+&/3/, 3' 0*. -%'0 &+73)+4 +/7 )4.+&2)(0 )+'. %A B4%)L.7 4.+&/3/,

1&%).''.' B.)+('. 3/ 0*.'. 4.+&/3/, 1&%).''.' 0*. 37.+ %A +&,(-./2

0+03E. &+03%/+4305D 0*. 1&3/)314. %A 0&(0*D 3' ,3E./ (1" ?*3' 3' 0*. )%/2

7303%/ %A )%44.)03E. 3&&0*. )%/7303%/ %A )%44.)03E. 3&&)%%&73/+0. %/.W'

+)03%/ C30* 0*. +)03%/' %A 0*. %0*.&' 4.+7' 0% +/Q3.05D 0% &.0&.+03'-

A&%- A%&-' %A &+03%/+4 +&,(-./0+03%/" O0 3' /%0 *+&7 0% 3-+,3/. '()*

'30(+03%/'D A&%- 7%(B4. B3/7 '30(+03%/' :3" ." 1'5)*3+0&3) )+'.'> (1 0%

G0+43/3'0 73')%(&'."

?*3' )%--(/3)+03%/20*.%&.03)+4 +11&%+)* 0% 4.+&/3/, C*.&.

/% 4%/,.& 3/73E37(+4' B(0 &.4+03%/'*31' B.0C../ 0*.- +&. 0*. B+'3)

&.A.&./).D 4.+7' (' 0% 0*. 37.+ 0*+0 0*. &+03%/+4305 %A 73')%(&'.' 3'

03.7 0% 0*. '%)3+4 %&,+/3@+03%/ %A 0*.'. 73')%(&'.'" ?*(' 0*. 37.+ %A

&+03%/+4305 'C30)*.' A&%- 0*. 3/73E37(+4 +' 30' B+'. 0% 0*. '%)3+4 '302

(+03%/ 3/ C*3)* 30 +)0'"NU 6(0 0*.&. 3' + 1&%B4.- 3/E%4E.7 3/ '()*

&+03%/+43'0 +''(-103%/'" O0 )+/ B. Y(.'03%/.7 C*.0*.& 0*.&. 3' '%-.2

0*3/, -%&. A(/7+-./0+4 0% 0*. &.4+03%/+445 7.A3/.7 '30(+03%/ %A

3/0.&+)03/, +)0%&' 0*+/ &+03%/+4305D '%-.0*3/, 0*+0 ,%.' B.5%/7

+''(-103%/' %A &+03%/+445 3/0.&+)03/, +)0%&'" d%.' 0*. &+03%/+4305

+''(-103%/ '0344 %C. 0%% -()* 0% 0*. 37.+ %A &+03%/+4 +)03%/]

95B 6/% ,*++*&$>% A"2,-*&$", "A * '"#$*) "+-%+P. '0344 43E. 0%% -()* 3/ 0*. '*+7%C %A V+Q P.B.& +/7 *3'

37.+ 0*+0 3/ %&7.& 0% (/7.&'0+/7 0*. '%)3+4 C. *+E. 0% (/7.&'0+/7 0*.

-.+/3/, +)0%&' +00+)* 0% 0*.3& +)03%/" ?*. 1&%B4.- %A *%C 0% ,.0

A&%- '(Bf.)03E. -.+/3/, 0% + '%)3+4 %&7.& *+' B../ '%4E.7 B5 P.B.&

H +' C. L/%C H B5 )%/'0&()03/, 37.+4 051.' %A +)03%/" O0 3' 0*.

+''(-103%/ 0*+0 0*.&. 3' + ).&0+3/ &+03%/+4305 0% .+)* +)03%/ C*3)*

+44%C' (' 0% (/7.&'0+/7 0*. '%)3+4 +)03%/ %A %0*.&' '3-145 B5 0*. A+)0

0*+0 C. '*+&. C30* 0*.- '()* '0+/7+&7' %A &+03%/+4305" O0 3' %BE3%('

0*+0 0*3' +4&.+75 3' +/ 3/0.&1&.0+03%/ %A P.B.&D B(0 %/. C*3)*

+))%(/0' A%& -()* %A 0*. '(B'.Y(./0 0*.%&.03)+4 7.B+0.' A&%-

F+&'%/' 0% X+B.&-+' +/7 4+0.&"

?*3' +''(-103%/ *+' B../ 1(0 (/7.& '.E.&. )&303Y(. 3/ &.)./0

5.+&'" ?*. )&30.&3%/ %A &+03%/+4305 3' 0%% /+&&%C 0% *.41 (' (/7.&2

'0+/7 '%)3+4 +)03%/ 3/ 0.&-' %A 30' &%4. 3/ 1&%7()3/, +/7 &.1&%7()3/,

+ '%)3+4 %&7.&" O0 .'1.)3+445 7%.' /%0 *.41 (' 0% .Q14+3/ C*+0 3' 0*.

NU" ?*.&. 3' + '3-34+& -%E.-./0C30*3/ 0*. &+03%/+4 )*%3). 0&+73203%/" ?*. 73AA.&./).' B.0C../ +&+03%/+42)*%3). +11&%+)* +/7 +)%--(/3)+03%/20*.%&.03)+4 :%&

)%,/303E3'0> +11&%+)*D *%C.E.&D'*%(47 /%0 B. -3/[email protected]" ?*.5+&. 0C% A(/7+-./0+445 %11%'.7/%03%/' %A &+03%/+4305" ?*. A3&'0

*+' 0% 7% C30* + &+03%/+4305 0*+0)%%&73/+0.' '%)3+4 +)03%/ 0*&%(,*'%-. A%&- %A -+&L.0 -.)*+/3'-"

O/ 0*. '.)%/7 )+'. C. *+E. +/%03%/ %A &+03%/+4305 0*+0 *+'

-()* -%&. 0% 7% C30* 0*. 0&+73203%/ C. 43E. 3/D 3"." -%7.&/305"

?*(' 0*. 73AA.&./).' *+E. 0% 7%C30* + 73AA.&./0 &.4+03%/'*31 %A 0*.C+5 C. 0*3/L +/7 0*. C%&47 C*.&.

C. *+E. 4.+&/0 0% 0*3/L 3/ '()* +C+5" O 1&.'(-. 0*+0 + )%,/303E3'0

+11&%+)* 7%.' B.00.& 0*+/ + &+03%2/+43'0 +11&%+)* H B(0 0*3' 3' + )%/2

0&%E.&'3+4 -+00.& 0% B. 1(&'(.7 3/+/%0*.& 73')(''3%/" V%7.&/

&.A4.Q3E305 3' + 1*./%-./%/ 0*+0

)+/ B. +/[email protected] -()* -%&. +7.2Y(+0.45 B5 0*. 4+00.& 0*.%&5 H *%C)+/ 0*. 73')%(&'. +B%(0 /%&-+03E.

/.).''305 B. +/[email protected] %0*.& 0*+/B5 &.A.&./). 0% &+03%/+4305 0*+0 3'

B(340 3/0% 0*. '+-. '%)3+4 '30(+203%/D /+-.45 &+03%/+4 )%%&73/+03%/

%A +&,(-./0']

%&%'( *+,-./01234534. +4,67 ,78 945

5:4 ;16+8 3. :,68 5112:,7/ !?( 7/ !( @/ !"AB$(

!$$#/


10/22

#F

'*+&.7 (/7.&'0+/73/, %A + '30(+03%/ 3/ C*3)* +)0%&' 4.+&/ +/7 )%/2

0&3B(0. 0% '*+&.7 L/%C4.7,. %A 0*. C%&47" ?*3' 3' 0*. )&303Y(. %A

I3/0.44.)0(+43'-J 3/ '%)3+4 0*.%&3@3/, :XKOGo[j[D !;;_>" [ A(&0*.&

)&303Y(. 3' 0*+0 '()* +/ 37.+ 7%.' /%0 +44%C (' 0% (/7.&'0+/7 C*5 '%

-()* 4.+&/3/, 0*+0 C%(47 B. 1%''3B4. 7%.' /%0 0+L. 14+)." O0 '..-'0*+0 '%)3.03.' 4.+&/ %/45 (/7.& '1.)3A3) '%)3+4 )%/7303%/'D /+-.45

C*./ + B+'3) (/).&0+3/05 1.&-.+0.' '%)3.05 0*+0 7.'0&%5' 0*. B+'3)

%&7.&3/, %A .Q1.&3./).' C30* 0*. /+0(&+4D 0*. '%)3+4 +/7 0*. 1'5)*3)

C%&47" ?*3' 3' 0*. )&303Y(. %A I37.+43'-J"

X%C +&. C. 0% )%/).3E. %A + /%/23/0.44.)0(+43'03) +/7 + /%/2

37.+43'03) B+'3' A%& )%/'0&()03/, + '%)3%4%,3)+4 0*.%&5 %A 4.+&/3/,]

?*. )4+''3)+4 +/'C.&' +&. /%0 '(AA3)3./0R ?% ,% B+)L 0% .E.&57+5

L/%C4.7,. 3' + '0&+0.,5 C*3)* 3' '0344 3/0.44.)0(+43'03) B.)+('. 30

&.14+).' ')3./03A3) L/%C4.7,. C30* .E.&57+5 L/%C4.7,. C30*%(0 ,3E2

3/, (1 0*. A%)(' %/ L/%C4.7,."N\ ?% ,% B+)L 0% &.+43'- 3' + '0&+0.,5

C*3)* 3' '0344 37.+43'03) B.)+('. 30 %/45 '1.)3A3.' -+0.&3+4 )%/7303%/'(/7.& C*3)* 37.+' &.+43@. 0*.-'.4E.' C30*%(0 ,3E3/, (1 0*. A%)(' %/

0*. )+('+4 A%&). %A 37.+' %& -.+/3/,'"N= [ 0*3&7 %103%/ 3' 0% ,% B.5%/7

-.+/3/,D 0% ,% B.5%/7 0*. +''(-103%/ %A + '(B'0+/03E. -.+/3/, %A

+)03%/ +/7 -%E. 0%C+&7 0*. C+5 3/ C*3)* +)03%/ 3' -+7. -.+/3/,A(4

3/ 0*. )%(&'. %A +)03%/ +/7 3/0.&+)03%/" ?*3' I7&+-+0(&,3)+4J 0(&/

A&%- -.+/3/, 0% -+L3/, '%-.0*3/, -.+/3/,A(4 :Pp?XZaPD

!; A%&).' (' 0% 4%%L +0 0*. 1&%).''.' 0*&%(,* C*3)* '%-.0*3/,

-.+/3/,A(4 3' ,./.&+0.7 &+0*.& 0*+/ +0 -.+/3/, +' '()*"

O' 0*.&. + 1&.2)%,/303E. B+'3' A%& (/7.&'0+/73/, +/7 .Q14+3/2

3/, '%)3+4 1&%).''.' %A -.+/3/, )%/'0&()03%/] 9.)./0 0*.%&3@3/,

+B%(0 0*. B+'3' %A '%)3+4 %&7.& 3' %&3./0.7 0%C+&7' Y(.'03%/' %A

&.)31&%)+4 &.)%,/303%/ %A +)0%&' 3/ '%)3+4 '30(+03%/' :XaZZK?XD

!;;N` ?[eja9D !;;N>" P*+0 43/L' +/ +)03%/ 0% +/%0*.& +)03%/ 3'

0*.3& &.)%,/303%/ +' -.+/3/,A(4 +)03%/ B5 +44 3/E%4E.7" P*+0 +)0%&'

1&%7(). 3/ '()* 1&%).''.' 3' /%0 + &+03%/+445 '('0+3/.7 )%/'./'('

B(0 &+0*.& + './'. %A + )%44.)03E. 37./0305 %A 0*%'. &.)%,/3@3/, .+)*

%0*.&" O7./0305 )%/'0&()03%/' 3/E%4E. '3,/3A53/, +)03E303.' 0*+0 7% /%0

)4+3- +/5 1+&03)(4+& &+03%/+4305` 0*.5 +&. +)03E303.' 0*+0 1&%7(). +

'%)3+4 %&7.& B.5%/7 %& B.A%&. + /%&-+03E.45 f('03A3.7 %&7.&" $%& 0*.

'+L. %A '3-143)305 C. -+5 )+44 '()* +/ %&7.& + /+&&+03E. %&7.&" O/

/+&&+03E. +))%(/0' +)0%&' &.)%,/3@. 0*.-'.4E.' +/7 0*. %0*.&' +/7

0*(' +&. B%(/7 0% + C%&47 %A &.)31&%)+4 &.)%,/303%/"

G()* /+&&+03E. %&7.&' -+5 .E./ 3/)4(7. 051.' %A &+03%/+4

+)03%/ +/7 L/%C4.7,." 9+03%/+4 +)03%/ :3/ P./%C4.7,." 9+03%/+4

+)03%/ :3/ P.3/ 0*. /+&&+03E. %&7.& %A + '%)3+4 3/0.&+)03%/"

9+03%/+4305 0*./ 3' f('0 + '1.)3+4 )+'. %A + -%&. ./)%-1+''3/, 4%,3)

%A +)03%/" [/ 3/'0&()03E. )+'. 3' 0*. /.C 3/'030(03%/+4 0*.%&5" O0

N\" ?*. 1*./%-./%4%,3)+4 0&+73203%/ 3' +' )%,/303E3'0 +' 30'P.B.&3+/ )%(/0.&1+&0" O0 73AA.&'%/45 3/ 30' -.0*%7%4%,3)+4 1&.-3'2.' &.,+&73/, 0*. &.4+03%/'*31

B.0C../ .E.&57+5 L/%C4.7,. +/7')3./03A3) L/%C4.7,."

N=" ?*3' &.+43'0 0&+7303%/ 3' .'1.2)3+445 1&%/%(/).7 3/ 0*. &.)./0C%&L %A q%*/ G.+&4. :!;;=>" [,%%7 73')(''3%/ 3' M%&'0./:!;;_>"

%&%'( *+,-./01234534. +4,67 ,78 9455:4 ;16+8 3. :,68 5112:,7/ !?( 7/ !( @/ !"AB$(!$$#/


11/22

#"

+&,(.' 0*+0 3/'030(03%/' +&. B+'.7 %/ /+&&+03E. %&7.&'D /%0 %/ &+03%/2

+4303.'" ?*3' 37.+ :FaPKjj` dOV[SSOaD !;;!> 1&%E37.' +/%0*.&

)+'. A%& 0*. &.%&3./0+03%/ %A '%)3%4%,3)+4 0*3/L3/, +C+5 A&%- 0*.

344('3%/' %A &+03%/+4 +)03%/" P*+0 3/'030(03%/' 7% +/7 0*3/L 3' 0% ('.

&+03%/+4 -%7.4' %A +)03%/ 0% &+03%/+43@. C*+0 0*.5 +&. 7%3/,D 0% ,3E.+ /+&&+03E. +))%(/0 %A 0*.3& &+03%/+4305"

?*. 0*.'3' 0*+0 3/A%&-' -%&. &.)./0 0*.%&3@3/, 3' 0*+0 +)03%/'

+&. &.4+0.7 0% .+)* %0*.& /%0 B5 '%-. 3-143)30 &+03%/+4305 '0+/7+&7

B(0 B5 '%-. /+&&+03E. %&7.& 0*+0 -+L.' %/.W' +)03%/ -.+/3/,A(4 3/

&.4+03%/ 0% 0*. +)03%/' %A %0*.&'" ?*(' C. /% 4%/,.& *+E. 0% '0&(,,4.

C30* 0*. 73AA.&./). 3/ Y(+4305 %A &+03%/+4305" 6(0 C. *+E. 0% A3,(&.

%(0 3' C*+0 43.' B.*3/7 &+03%/+4305" P(0*/%C *+' )+44.7 0*3' '0&+0.,5

I7&+-+0(&,3)+4 0*.%&5J B.)+('. 30 .-1*+'3@.' 0*. 1&%).''.' 0*&%(,*

C*3)* -.+/3/,' :&+03%/+4 +' C.44 +' 3&&+03%/+4 %& +2&+03%/+4 -.+/2

3/,' %A +)03%/> +&. -+7. -.+/3/,A(4"N^ ?*. +3- 0% ,% IB.5%/7 -.+/2

3/,J 3' B%(/7 0% + 0&+/''(Bf.)03E. B+'3' %A '%)3+4 +)03%/ +/7 3/0.&+)203%/" ?*. )4+3- 3' 0*+0 0*. /+&&+03E. %&,+/3@+03%/ %A .Q1.&3./). 1&%2

E37.' 0*. '0&()0(&+4 A.+0(&.' %A '%)3+4 '30(+03%/' 3/ C*3)* 0*. 1+&03)2

31+/0' 3/ '()* '30(+03%/' .30*.& *+E. )*+/).' 0% 4.+&/ %& +&. A%&).7

/%0 0% 4.+&/"N_

?*3' 73')(''3%/ *+' '% A+& ,3E./ +/ +/'C.& 0% 0*. Y(.'03%/ %A

*%C 4.+&/3/, 0+L.' 14+)." O0 0+L.' 14+). 3/ '30(+03%/' 3/ C*3)* 3/0.&2

+)03%/ 1&%).''.' 1&%7(). .AA.)0' 0*+0 -%73A5 0*. )%44.)03E.45 '*+&.7

L/%C4.7,." ?*. -%'0 ,./.&+4 +/'C.& 0% 0*. I*%CJ2Y(.'03%/ 3' 0*+0

3/ '%)3+4 '30(+03%/' '%-.0*3/, I/.CJ 3' ,./.&+0.7" P*./ '()* 4.+&/2

3/, 0+L.' 14+). 30 1&%7().' '1.)3A3) &.'(40'R j.+&/3/, )*+/,.' +>

B+'3) /%&-+03E. A&+-.' +/7 B.43.A' 0*+0 ,(37. '%)3+4 +)03%/ %& B> 0*.

.-13&3)+4 L/%C4.7,. +B%(0 0*. C%&47 ('.7 +' + &.'%(&). 3/ '%)3+4

+)03%/"

G% A+& 0*. Y(.'03%/ %A 4.+&/3/, *+' B../ &.A%&-(4+0.7 B5 %102

3/, A%& +/ 3/0.&+)03%/3'0 +11&%+)*" P. +&. /% 4%/,.& )%/).&/.7 C30*

4.+&/3/, )*347&./ C*% +&. &+3'.7 0% 0*.3& *3,*.'0 1%0./03+4" 9+0*.&D

C. *+E. 3/0.&+)03/, +7(40' 0*+0 4.+&/ 3/ 0*. )%(&'. %A 0*.3& 3/0.&+)2

03%/D 3/ '30(+03%/' 3/ C*3)* '%-. B+'3) /+&&+03E.' 1&%E37. 0*. )%-2

-%/ ,&%(/7 A%& &.)31&%)+4 (/7.&'0+/73/, +/7 )%--(/3)+03%/" 6(0

C*+0 7% 0*.5 4.+&/] ?*3' Y(.'03%/ 4.+7' (' 0% + '.)%/7 1&%B4.-+03)D

+/%0*.& %103/, %(0 %A 0*. )4+''3)+4 -%7.4 %A '%)3+4 4.+&/3/," ?*3' *+'

0% 7% C30* 0*. Y(.'03%/ %A C*+0 '%)3.03.' 4.+&/ C*./ 0*.5 4.+&/" ?*.

Y(.'03%/ 3' /%C C*+0 3' 4.+&/.7 3/ /+&&+03E.45 %&7.&.7 '30(+03%/'

C*3)* 1&%E37. '0&()0(&. 0% '%)3+4 &.4+03%/'" ?*(' 0*. 3/'030(03%/+42

3@+03%/ %A L/%C4.7,. *+' 0% B. 4%%L.7 +0R 3"." 0*. 1&%7()03%/ %A

L/%C4.7,. +/7 %A '%)3+4 A%&-' 0*+0 )%44.)0 +/7 &.0+3/ '()* L/%C42

.7,. B.5%/7 0*. )+1+)305 %A 3/73E37(+4 -.-%&5"

N^" ?*. A%(/7.& %A '()* + 1.&2'1.)03E. 3' S%AA-+/ C*% '*%C.7.'1.)3+445 3/ A&+-. +/+45'3' *%C

1.%14. '0+,. 0*&%(,* '1.)3A3)&(4.' 0*. -.+/3/, %A +/5 +)0 %&.E./0D 3"." 0*.5 -+L. '%-.0*3/,-.+/3/,A(4 0*&%(,* +)03%/" G..

+4'% GC374.& :!;"

N_" ?*. /+&&+03E. '0&()0(&. %A'%)3+4 %&7.&' 7.')&3B.' +/ 3-1%&20+/0 &.)./0 0&./7 3/ '%)3+4 0*.%&32

@3/," G..D .","D G%-.&' :!;;\>"?*. -%&. '%)3%4%,3'0' 7.+4 C30*+/7 73')%E.& A%&-' %A L/%C4.7,.0*+0 +&. A(&0*.& +C+5 A&%- )%,/3203E. L/%C4.7,. -%7.4.7 +))%&72

3/, 0% 0*. '0+/7+&7 %A ')3./). 0*.50(&/ 0% /+&&+03E. 0*.%&3.' +/7

-.0*%7%4%,3.'"

%&%'( *+,-./01234534. +4,67 ,78 945

5:4 ;16+8 3. :,68 5112:,7/ !?( 7/ !( @/ !"AB$(

!$$#/


12/22

?$

@ C/*& -" '"#$%&$%' )%*+,;

@54 !28'&*,&$>% D,"0)%-1% *,-

7+"#%-2+*) +2)%'P*./ '%)3.03.' 4.+&/ 0*.5 7% /%0 1&%7(). 0*.-'.4E.' B(0 0*.5

1&%7(). )(40(&." ?*3' -3,*0 '%(/7 %BE3%('" X%C.E.&D 0*.%&.03)+4

7.B+0. 3/ &.)./0 5.+&'D .'1.)3+445 3/ 0*. C+L. %A )(40(&+4 '0(73.'D *+'

B4(&&.7 0*3' )./0&+4 73AA.&./)." M(40(&. +/7 '%)3.05 +&. 0C% 73AA.&./0

0*3/,'" ?*.3& )%/A4+03%/ *+' E./.&+B4. 0&+7303%/'D .'1.)3+445 3/ '%)3+4

+/7 )(40(&+4 +/0*&%1%4%,5 C*./ .0*/%,&+1*.&' 7.A3/.7 0*. '%)3.05

0*.5 '0(73.7 +' + )(40(&."N< ?*.5 )%/A4+0.7 C*+0 + '%)3.05 1&%7().7 +'

+ &.1&.'./0+03%/ %A 30'.4A C30* '%)3.05" O/ %&7.& 0% )4+&3A5 0*3' 1%3/0 O

C344 ('. 0*. 73'03/)03%/ B.0C../ '(B'0+/03E. 4.+&/3/, +/7 &(4. 4.+&/3/,"

P*./ '%)3.03.' 4.+&/D 0*.5 1&%7(). + '0%)L %A )%--%/ L/%C42

.7,. 0*&%(,* C*3)* 0*.5 )%/'0&()0 + '%)3+4 &.+4305" ?% 7% '%D 0*.5 )&.2

+0. '*+&.7 )%,/303E. &(4.' A%& )4+''3A53/, +/7 3/0.&1&.03/, 3/A%&-+2

03%/ 0*+0 3' A4%C3/, +&%(/7 3/ + '%)3.05" j.+&/3/, 1&%).''.' 0*+0 4.+7

0% 0*. +))(-(4+03%/ %A L/%C4.7,. C344 B. 7.A3/.7 +' I'(B'0+/03E.

4.+&/3/,J" ?*3' 4.+7' 0% 0*. 37.+ %A + )(40(&. %A '%)3.05 C*3)* 3' -+7.

(1 %A 73AA.&./0 051.' %A L/%C4.7,.D &+/,3/, A&%- .E.&57+5 0% ')3./2

03A3) L/%C4.7,." O/'0.+7 %A (/7.&'0+/73/, '%)3+4 4.+&/3/, +' + 1*+'.2

43L. 1&%).'' %A ,%3/, A&%- 1&3-303E. .E.&57+5 L/%C4.7,. 0% &+03%/+4

')3./03A3) L/%C4.7,.D O 1&%1%'. 0*. 37.+ %A + -(40373-./'3%/+4

1&%).'' %A )(-(4+03E. 4.+&/3/,D 0+L3/, 14+). +0 +44 4.E.4' %A L/%C42

.7,. '3-(40+/.%('45" [))(-(4+0.7 L/%C4.7,.D *%C.E.&D 3' %/45

-.+/3/,A(4 C*./ 30 )+/ B. ('.7 B5 '%)3+4 +)0%&'D C*./ 30 3' %&7.&.7

3/ + C+5 0*+0 +44%C' 0*. )%--(/3)+03%/ %A L/%C4.7,. 3/ + '%)3.05"

G%)3.03.' +4'% 4.+&/ '%-.0*3/, .4'." ?*.5 4.+&/ 0% )&.+0. '30(2

+03%/' 3/ C*3)* .Q1.&3./). )+/ B. '0%&.7 +/7 1+''.7 %E.& 0% 0*. /.Q0

,./.&+03%/" ?*.5 4.+&/ 0% '0+B343@. 0*. 3/A%&-+03%/ 0*+0 *+' B../

,./.&+0.7 %& 3' B.3/, ,./.&+0.7 3/ + '%)3.05" G%)3.03.' 4.+&/ *%C 0%

4.+&/" ?*.5 4.+&/ 1&%).7(&.' %A *%C 0% ,./.&+0. /.C L/%C4.7,. +/7

*%C 0% +''3-34+0. /.C L/%C4.7,. 3/0% 0*. '0%)L %A .Q3'03/, L/%C42

.7,." ?*3' 4.+&/3/, 3' 7.A3/.7 +' '%)3+4 &(4. 4.+&/3/, +' %11%'.7 0%

'(B'0+/03E. 4.+&/3/,"N;

@59 6/% 7+"-2#&$", "A D,"0)%-1%

G(B'0+/03E. 4.+&/3/, *+' B../ 0*. -+3/ A%)(' %A 0*.%&3.' %A

)(40(&+4 .E%4(03%/" P. )+/ &.)%/'0&()0 0*. +))(-(4+03%/ %A 0.)*/%2

N


13/22

?C

4%,3)+4 L/%C4.7,. +' C.44 +' 0*. &+03%/+43@+03%/ %A -%&+4 %&7.&

0%C+&7 (/3E.&'+43'- :+/7 0*.3& '1.)3+03%/ 3/0% )%-1.03/, (/3E.&2

'+43'-'>" F3+,.0W' 0*.%&5 %A )%,/303E. 7.E.4%1-./0 *+' B../ ('.7 0%

&.)%/'0&()0 1+&+44.4 1&%).''.' %/ 0*. *3'0%&3)+4 4.E.4 :F3+,.0 *3-'.4A

1&.'./0.7 + *(,. 0*&.. E%4(-. +))%(/0 %/ 0*. .E%4(03%/ %A )%,/303E.L/%C4.7,. 3/ *3'0%&5>" X+B.&-+'D )%/03/(3/, 0*3' 43/. %A 0*%(,*0

+/7 43/L3/, 30 0% P.B.&W' 37.+ %A &+03%/+43@+03%/ +' 0*. -+3/ 1&%).''

3/ )(40(&+4 .E%4(03%/D *+' +77.7 0*. 37.+ %A + 1&%).'' %A -%&+4

&+03%/+43@+03%/ 0*&%(,* *3'0%&5 :X[6K9V[G !;"

G3/). /%B%75 3/ 0*3' C%&47 )+/ )%E.& 0*. Y(.'03%/ %A C*+0 *+'

B../ 4.+&/.7 3/ *3'0%&5D '3-143A3)+03%/' *+E. B../ -+7. C*3)*

3--.73+0.45 1&%E%L.7 )&303)3'- A&%- *3'0%&3+/' %A ')3./).D 0.)*/%42

%,5D &.43,3%/ +/7 +44 0D 0.)*/%4%,5D &.43,3%/ +/7 +44 0.' '()* +'

a&3./0+43'0'D [A&3)+/3'0' .0)" a/. C+5 %A '3-143A53/, 0*3' 0+'L *+'

B../ 0% &.)%/'0&()0 0*. B+'3) +''(-103%/' %A 0*3' L/%C4.7,." a/.

'0&+/7 ./7.7 (1 3/ 1*34%'%1*3.' %A *3'0%&5 C*3)* &.E.+4.7 0*. 37.+4-%E.-./0 %A 37.+' B.*3/7 0*. &.+4 -%E.-./0 %A 37.+'D + '0&+0.,5

0*+0 '%%/ 4%'0 )&.73B34305" [/%0*.& %/. *+' B../ 0% &.)%/'0&()0 1+&+2

73,-+03) '0&()0(&.' +/7 '*%C 0*.3& 0.-1%&+4 '0&()0(&. :0*3' 3' ,./.02

3) '0&()0(&+43'- 3/ 0*. F3+,.03+/ %& X+B.&-+'3+/ './'.>" ?*. 0*3&7

+40.&/+03E. *+' B../ I)&303Y(.JD 0% )&303)3@. 0*. )%,/303E. +&&+/,.2

-./0' 0*&%(,* C*3)* )(40(&.' 7.')&3B.7 .+)* %0*.&D + )%,/303E.

,+-. 0*+0 )+/ B. .30*.& &%-+/03) :C. 7% /%0 (/7.&'0+/7 0*. 1&3-32

03E.'> %& )%4%/3+43'0 :0*. 1&3-303E.' 7% /%0 (/7.&'0+/7 ('> %& 7.)%/2

'0&()03E3'0 :/%B%75 )+/ (/7.&'0+/7 +/5B%75 .4'.>"Ub

j.+&/3/, 3/ 0*. './'. %A )(-(4+03E. L/%C4.7,. *+' ).&0+3/45

0+L./ 14+). 3/ *3'0%&5" X%C.E.&D '()* + )(-(4+03E. 1&%).'' 3' '3-2145 7(. 0% 03-." ?*. -%&. 1.%14. (/7.&,% .Q1.&3./).'D 0*. -%&.

0*.5 +))(-(4+0. :+/7 A%&,.0> '()* .Q1.&3./).'"U! O0 '..-' +' 3A '()*

+ 0*.%&.03)+4 Y(.'03%/ 3' '3-145 34421%'.7" ?*. +/'C.& 3' 0*. %BE3%('

%& /% +/'C.& +0 +44" j.0 (' 0*.&.A%&. 0(&/ 0% '%)3+4 &(4. 4.+&/3/,

C*3)* -%E.' 0*. Y(.'03%/ 0%C+&7 0*. 1&%B4.- %A I'0&()0(&+4J 4.+&/2

3/,D %A 0*. 4.+&/3/, %A /.C '0&()0(&.' A%& ,./.&+03/, +/7 &.1&%7()2

3/, L/%C4.7,."

@5@ 6/% 7+"-2#&$", "A +2)%' A"+ )%*+,$,1?

&/% )%*+,$,1 "A )%*+,$,1

9(4. 4.+&/3/, 3' 73AA.&./0 A&%- '(B'0+/03E. 4.+&/3/,"

o/%C4.7,. 3' +4C+5' &.4+0.7 0% '%-. C+5 %A %&,+/3@3/, .Q1.&3./)."

9(4. 4.+&/3/, 3' '%)3+4 4.+&/3/, 3/ 0*. './'. 0*+0 L/%C4.7,. 3'

Ub" O/ 0*3' )%/0.Q0 0*. Y(.'03%/ %A(/7.&'0+/73/, %0*.& )(40(&.' *+'

,+3/.7 -%-./0(-"

U!" aBE3%('45D L/%C4.7,. *+'

3/)&.+'.7 3/ -%7.&/ '%)3.03.'"X%C.E.&D .E%4(03%/+&5 0*.%&5 3'0%% ,./.&+4 C.&. 30 /%0 +B4. 0% '+5-%&. 0*+/ 0*+0" ?*3' 3' 0*. 43-30 %A

)4+''3)+4 .E%4(03%/+&5 0*.%&5 0%0*. '%)3+4 ')3./).'" G.. A%& 0*3'

+&,(-./0 0*. )%/0&3B(03%/' 0%G)*-378P(L.030' :!;"

%&%'( *+,-./01234534. +4,67 ,78 945

5:4 ;16+8 3. :,68 5112:,7/ !?( 7/ !( @/ !"AB$(

!$$#/


14/22

?!

%&,+/[email protected] +/7 &.1&%7().7 3/ + '%)3+4 43A. A%&- C*3)* 7.A3/.' + '1.2

)3A3) '.0 %A &(4.' %A %&,+/3@3/, +/7 '0%&3/, L/%C4.7,." G()* + &(4.

1.&'1.)03E. 4.+7' (' + A(&0*.& '0.1 +C+5 A&%- 0*. I.7()+03%/+4

-%7.4J C*3)* +&,(.' 0*+0 C. *+E. 0% 37./03A5 0*. .7()+0%& 3/ %&7.&

0% .Q14+3/ C*5 '%)3+4 +)0%&' 4.+&/" O0 &+0*.& 4.+7' (' 0% 0*. -%7.4 %A'.4A2%&,+/3@3/, 4.+&/3/, 1&%).''.' C*3)* +&. %&,+/[email protected] +' )%--(2

/3)+03%/ 1&%).''.' '0&()0(&.7 B5 &(4.'" 9(4.' %A )%--(/3)+03/,

L/%C4.7,. 0*(' B.)%-. 0*. L.5 0% '%)3.0+4 4.+&/3/,"

9(4. 4.+&/3/, )+/ B. +/+45'.7 0*&%(,* 73'03/,(3'*3/, )%-2

-(/3)+03E. '30(+03%/' 0*+0 +&. )%/'0&()0.7 3/ 0*. 1&%).'' %A 4.+&/3/,"

O C344 73'03/,(3'* 0*&.. 4.E.4' %A 3/)&.+'3/, 3/)4('3E./.'' .+)* *+2

E3/, 30' '1.)3A3) 1&%1.&05" ?*.'. 0*&.. 4.E.4' +&. 0*. 3/0.&1.&'%/+4

4.E.4D 0*. %&,+/3@+03%/+4 4.E.4D +/7 0*. 3/'030(03%/+4 4.E.4" ?*.'. 4.E2

.4' C344 B. 73')(''.7 3/ 0*3' %&7.&"

O/0.&1.&'%/+4 4.+&/3/, )%/).&/' '30(+03%/' C*.&. 4.+&/3/,

0+L.' 14+). 0*&%(,* 73&.)0 )%--(/3)+03%/" ?*3' +1143.' 0% +/5 '30(2+03%/D B. 30 +-%/, )*347&./ 4.+&/3/, )%44.)03E.45 *%C 0% f(7,.

.-13&3)+4 1*./%-./+ %& *%C 0% '%4E. -%&+4 )%/A43)0'D %& 0% 0*.

73&.)0 3/0.&+)03%/ +-%/, ')3./03'0' 0&53/, 0% &.'%4E. )%/0&+73)0%&5

.E37./). +/7 &.A&+-3/, 0*.3& .0*3)+4 )%7.'D %& 0% 1%4303)+4 +)03%/" [

A3&'0 .Q+-14. 3' 0*. '0(75 %A +''%)3+03%/'D )%/).3E.7 +' 3/0.&1.&'%/2

+4 /.0C%&L' )&.+0.7 A%& 1%4303)+4 %& )(40(&+4 %& '%)3+4 1(&1%'.'" O

-5'.4A 7.+40 C30* 0*3' 1&%B4.- %/ 0*. 4.E.4 %A 1%4303)+4 +''%)3+03%/'

.-.&,3/, C30* 0*. &3'. %A -%7.&/ )3E34 '%)3.05 3/ S.&-+/5 3/ 0*.

!;0* )./0(&5 :KdK9D !;" ?*.'. K/43,*0./-./0 ,&%(1'

:I[(AL4r&(/,',.'.44')*+A0./J> /%0 %/45 ,./.&+0.7 + 1+&03)(4+& )%/2

).10(+4 A&+-.C%&L %& 1+&+73,- A%& 3/0.&1&.03/, 0*.3& 1%4303)+4 .Q1.2

&3./).'D B(0 0*.5 +4'% 4.+&/.7 0*+0 0*.5 C.&. 4.+&/3/, )%44.)03E.45"

?*.5 4.+&/.7 &(4.' 0*&%(,* C*3)* 0% ,./.&+0.D '0+B343@. +/7 .E./0(2

+445 -%73A5 0*.3& 1+&+73,-' %& A&+-.C%&L'" ?*. 4%,3) 0*+0 .-.&,.7

:+A0.& '%-. 7.)+7.' %A +-B3E+4./). )%/).&/3/, 0*. .7()+03%/+4

-%7.4D ."," 3/ -+'%/&5 ,&%(1'> )+/ B. A%(/7 3/ 0*. 37.+ %A + '30(+2

03%/ '0&()0(&.7 +))%&73/, 0% 0*. 1&3/)314.' %A .Y(+4305 %A -.-B.&'

+/7 73')(&'3E305 %A 0*.3& 3/0.&+)03%/" ?*3' 3' )4%'. 0% 0*. 73')%(&'.

-%7.4 0*+0 X+B.&-+' 37./03A3.7 +' (/7.&453/, &+03%/+4 1&+)03).' %A

C.442'%)[email protected] '%)3+4 +)0%&'" P(0*/%C *+' )+44.7 0*.- I)%--(/32

03.' %A 73')%(&'.J :Pp?XZaPD !;;b>" X++' )+44' 0*.- I.13'0.-3)

)%--(/303.'J :X[[GD !;;N>"

G)3./03A3) 3/0.&+)03%/ 1+00.&/' +/7 0*. C+5 3/ C*3)* &(4.' A%&

3/0.&+)03%/ *+E. B../ 3/E./0.7 +/7 .'0+B43'*.7 3/ ')3./03A 3) )%--(2

/303.' *+' B../ '0(73.7 3/ 0*. -3)&%2'%)3%4%,3)+4 C%&L %A o/%&&2

M.03/+ :!;" [ *3'0%&3)+4 .Q+-14. +&. 0*. ')3./03A3) '%)3.03.' :0*.

9%5+4 G%)3.05 B.3/, %/. %A 0*. B.'0 '0(73.7 %/.'> C*3)* C.&. &.%&2

%&%'( *+,-./01234534. +4,67 ,78 9455:4 ;16+8 3. :,68 5112:,7/ !?( 7/ !( @/ !"AB$(!$$#/


15/22

?#

,+/3@3/, 0*.3& 3/0.&1.&'%/+4 &.4+03%/' +))%&73/, 0% 0*. -%7.4 %A A&..

+/7 .Y(+4 -.-B.&'*31 %A '()* '%)3.03.'" ?*.5 737 /%0 %/45 3/E./0

/.C L/%C4.7,. :0*3' *+' B../ '.)%/7+&5>D B(0 0*.5 1&+)03'.7 1&%).2

7(&.' A%& 1&%7()3/,D )*.)L3/, +/7 1(B43'*3/, /.C L/%C4.7,. +B%(0

0*. C%&47" ?*.5 3/E./0.7 &(4.' A%& 3/E./03E. C%&L" ?*.'. ,&%(1' +&.I.13'0.-3) )%--(/303.'JD + 4+B.4 A+'*3%/+B4. 3/ '%)3%4%,5 %A

L/%C4.7,. +/7 ')3./). 3/ &.)./0 5.+&' :X[[GD !;;N>"

a&,+/3@+03%/+4 4.+&/3/, '*%C' .E./ -%&. )4.+&45 0*. &%4. %A

&(4.' A%& '%)3+4 4.+&/3/," a&,+/3@+03%/' +&. 7.A3/.7 +' 7.'3,/' A%&

%&,+/3@+03%/+4 4.+&/3/,D A%& +)Y(3&3/, 3/A%&-+03%/ +B%(0 0*. ./E3&%/2

-./0 %A 0*. %&,+/3@+03%/ +/7 A%& 3-1&%E3/, C*+0 0*. %&,+/3@+03%/

)+/ 7% C30* 30' ./E3&%/-./0" ?% (/7.&'0+/7 '()* %&,+/3@+03%/+4

4.+&/3/, C. *+E. 0% L/%C *%C L/%C4.7,. 3' '0%&.7 3/ +/ %&,+/3@+2

03%/D *%C 30 3' 0&+/'-300.7 0% + )*+/,3/, 1%1(4+).D *%C 0*. 0(&/%E.&

3/ %&,+/3@+03%/' 3' 7.+40 C30*"UN ?*(' %&,+/3@+03%/+4 4.+&/3/, 3' 0*.

/.).''+&5 1&%7()0 %A +/5 %&,+/3@+03%/+4 A%&- %A '%)3+4 43A." j.+&/3/,3' + 1&%).'' %A '..L3/, +/7 1&%).''3/, 3/A%&-+03%/ %/ 0*. ./E3&%/2

-./0 3/ %&7.& 0% &.7(). 0*. (/).&0+3/03.' C30* C*3)* +/5 %&,+/3@+2

03%/ 3' )%/A&%/0.7 C*./ 7.+43/, C30* 30' ./E3&%/-./0" ?*. '(&E3E+4 %A

+/ %&,+/3@+03%/ 3' 7.1./7./0 (1%/ 30' )+1+)305 0% &.7(). 0*. (/).&2

0+3/03.' %A 30' ./E3&%/-./0 0*&%(,* 4.+&/3/, :GOVaZD !;;!>"

?*+0 4.+&/3/, 3' B.00.& 0*+/ -+Q3-3@3/, +7E+/0+,.' :.Q14%2

&+03%/ 3' B.00.& 0*+/ .Q14%30+03%/> *+' B../ .-1*+'[email protected] 3/ &.)./0 430.&2

+0(&. %/ %&,+/3@+03%/+4 '0+B34305" O/ 0.&-' %A '%)3+4 &(4. 4.+&/3/, 0*3'

-.+/' 0*+0 %&,+/3@+03%/' *+E. 0% B(347 (1 &%(03/.' 0*+0 +44%C A%&

4.+&/3/," ?*. &.1.&0%3&. %A &%(03/.' 1&%E37.' &(4.' A%& +)Y(3&3/,D )%42

4.)03/,D '0%&3/, +/7 0&+/'-3003/, 3/A%&-+03%/ 3/ +/ %&,+/3@+03%/"

G3-(40+/.%('45D 0*. &.4+03%/' B.0C../ 0*%'. C*% 7% '()* +)Y(3&3/,D

'0%&3/, +/7 0&+/'-3003/, -('0 B. %&7.&.7 B5 '%-. &(4.' %A %&,+/3@3/,

)%--(/3)+03%/ C30*3/ %&,+/3@+03%/' 3/ %&7.& 0% 7.A3/. 7.)3'3%/

1&.-3'.'D 0% A&+-. %&,+/3@+03%/+4 1&%B4.-' .0)" a&,+/3@+03%/+4 '0&()2

0(&.' +&. 0*.-'.4E.' + '.0 %A &(4.' A%& 7.+43/, C30* 0*3' 1&%B4.-"UU

O/'030(03%/+4 4.+&/3/, &.A.&' 0% 0*. &(4.' 0*+0 )%%&73/+0. %&,+2

/3@+03%/+4 +)0%&'" O/'030(03%/' 4.+&/ B5 7.A3/3/, 3/0.&%&,+/3@+03%/+4

'1+).' +/7 /+-3/, 0*.'. '1+).'" ?*(' 3/'030(03%/' ./+B4. )%--(/32

)+03%/ B.0C../ %&,+/3@+03%/+4 +)0%&' +/7 )%/'0&+3/ +0 0*. '+-. 03-.

0*. -%7. %A )%--(/3)+03%/ B5 /%&-+03E. +/7 )%,/303E. &(4.'D B5

1&%E373/, +/ 3/'030(03%/+445 B+)L.7 -%&+4 %&7.& +/7 B5 1&%E373/, +

)%,/303E. 4+/7')+1. C30*3/ C*3)* )%--(/3)+03%/ +)03E303.' +&.

%&,+/[email protected]"

?*. -%'0 ./)%-1+''3/, 4.E.4 %A 3/'030(03%/+4 %&7.&' 3' 0*.

1(B43) '1+). C30*3/ C*3)* 73')%(&'.' 0+L. 14+)." d3')%(&'. 3' -.+/0

*.&. 3/ 0*. 7%(B4. './'. %A 73')(&'3E. (/3E.&'.' +/7 %A 73')(&'3E.

UN" G.. 0*. )%/0&3B(03%/' 0%Ia&,+/3@+03%/+4 G)3./).J 3/

$.B&(+&5 !;;!

:MaXKZ8GF9apjD !;;!>D .'1.2)3+445 0*. )%/0&3B(03%/' B5 V+&)*DM%*./D G3-%/ +/7 j.E3/0*+4" ?*.

)%/0&3B(03%/ B5 V+&)* :!;;!> 3'43/L.7 0% 0*. /..7 0% (/7.&'0+/7

0*. 75/+-3)' %A 0*. 4%,3) %A 7.)32'3%/ -+L3/, :V[9MXD !;"

%&%'( *+,-./01234534. +4,67 ,78 945

5:4 ;16+8 3. :,68 5112:,7/ !?( 7/ !( @/ !"AB$(

!$$#/


16/22

??

1&+)03).' :%& 1&%).7(&.'>" O/'030(03%/+4 4.+&/3/, 3' 0*./ 7.A3/.7 +'

.30*.& 0*. &.'(40 %& 0*. 1&%).'' %A 1(B43) 73')%(&'." ?*. &.'(40 3'

3/'030(03%/[email protected] .Q1.&3./). %A + '%)3.05" ?*. 1&%).'' 3' 0*. '0+,3/,

%A 73')%(&'.' A%& )%--(/3)+03/, 3/'030(03%/[email protected] .Q1.&3./)."U\

V%7.&/ '%)3.03.' +&. 1+&03)(4+&45 '*+1.7 B5 73')(&'3E. &(4.'+/7 1&+)03).'" V%7.&/ 3/'030(03%/' +&. B%(/7 0% 1(B43) )%/'./'(' +'

0*. ,&%(/7 %A 0*.3& 4.,303-+)5" O/'030(03%/+4 4.+&/3/, 3' &.Y(3&.7 B5

0*. 1&.''(&. 0% 1&%E37. .E37./). %A )%-1453/, C30* '()* .Q1.)0+2

03%/'" V50*2-+L.&'D 3/0.44.)0(+4'D +/7 f%(&/+43'0' +44 )%/0&3B(0. 0%

3/'030(03%/+4 4.+&/3/, B5 1&%E373/, + &.)%/'0&()03%/ %A 3/'030(03%/+42

[email protected] .Q1.&3./)." 65 7%3/, '% 0*.5 +4'% 7.A3/. 0*. &(4.' 0*&%(,*

C*3)* '()* )%44.)03E. L/%C4.7,. )+/ B. 0&+/'A%&-.7" O/ 0*. 1&%).''

%A &.)%/'0&()03/, 3/'030(03%/[email protected] .Q1.&3./). 0*.5 ,./.&+0. + &(4.

'5'0.- B+'.7 %/ A&.. '1..)* +/7 )&303)+4 7.B+0."

?*3' .Q+-14. %A 3/'030(03%/+4 4.+&/3/, 3' )*+&+)0.&3'03) %A +

'1.)3A3) 051. %A -%7.&/ '%)3.03.'" a0*.& 3/'030(03%/+4 '5'0.-' 3/

-%7.&/ '%)3.03.' ,./.&+0. %0*.& A%&-' %A 3/'030(03%/+4 4.+&/3/,"U=

?*. 0*.%&.03)+4 1%3/0 3' 0*+0 C. )+/ 37./03A5 &(4. 4.+&/3/, 0+L3/,

14+). 3/ 0*. 1&%).'' %A 0*. )%/'0&()03%/ %A 3/'030(03%/' A%& )%%&732

/+03/, + 14(&+4305 %A )%44.)03E. +)0%&'"

B C/. -" '"#$%&$%' )%*+,;

P*+0 3' + 4.+&/3/, 0*.%&5 ,%%7 A%&] P*5 '*%(47 C. B%0*.&

C30* 4.+&/3/, 0*.%&3.' B.5%/7 0*. )4+''3) 0*.%&.03)+4 73')(''3%/ %A

*%C 0% )%/).10(+43@. 0*. '%)3+4 C%&47] ?*3' 3' 0*. Y(.'03%/ %A 0*.0&+/'303%/ A&%- )%/).10(+4 -%7.4' 0% .Q14+/+0%&5 -%7.4'" ?*+0

.Q14+/+0%&5 -%7.4' 1&.'(11%'. ,%%7 +/7 73AA.&./03+0.7 )%/).10(+4

-%7.4' 3' H A%& -. +0 4.+'0 H %BE3%('" ?*.&.A%&. O C344 ,% %/ +/7

'%-.C*+0 &.A&+-. 0*. 3/303+4 Y(.'03%/" ?*. Y(.'03%/ 3' /% 4%/,.&R

X%C 7% '%)3.03.' 4.+&/] ?*. Y(.'03%/ &+0*.& 3'R P*5 7% 0*.5 4.+&/]

P*5 7% 0*.5 &.%&,+/3@. 0*.3& B.43.A '5'0.-' +/7 0*.3& L/%C4.7,.]

[/ %47 +/'C.& 0+L./ (1 +4'% B5 X+B.&-+' :!;_;> *+' B../R

B.)+('. /%024.+&/3/, 3' 3-1%''3B4." ?*. +''(-103%/ 3' 0*+0 *(-+/

B.3/,' +&. A%&).7 B5 0*.3& /+0(&. 0% 4.+&/" ?*3' 3' 0*. 3/73E37(+43'0 E.&2

'3%/ %A )+('+4305" X(-+/' '0&3E3/, A%& ./43,*0./-./0D A%& L/%C4.7,.

+&. '../ +' 0*. B+'3) -.)*+/3'-' %A 4.+&/3/,D +/7 0*.5 C344 A3/+445

C3/" ?*3' 3' 0*. %103-3'03) 0*.%&5 %A '%)3.0+4 4.+&/3/, C*3)* 0(&/' %(0

0% B. + '.)(4+&[email protected] E.&'3%/ %A 0*. 1*34%'%1*5 %A *3'0%&5" G()* +/

+/'C.& '3-145 B.,' 0*. Y(.'03%/ %A .Q14+3/3/, '%)3.0+4 4.+&/3/,"

[ -%&. &.)./0 +/'C.& .Q14+3/' 4.+&/3/, +' + &.+)03%/ 0% (/).&2

0+3/05 :GOKSKZ?X[jK9D !;;U>" O/ '30(+03%/' %A (/).&0+3/05 1.%2

U\" ?*. )%/).10 %A 73')%(&'. 3''0344 E.&5 -+44.+B4." O0 +11.+&'(/7.& $%()+(403+/ 1&.-3'.' +/7(/7.& X+B.&-+'3+/ 1&.-3'.'"X.&. C. +&. 3/0.&.'0.7 3/ 30' 7%(2B4. '0&()0(&.R -.+/3/, + '0&()20(&.7 '5'0.- %A L/%C4.7,. +/7 +1&+)03). %A 7.B+03/, L/%C4.7,."

U=" V+&5 d%(,4+' C%(47 +&,(.0*+0 C. *+E. +0 4.+'0 A%(& 051.'R.,+430+&3+/'D *3.&+&)*3'0'D 3/73E37(2+43'0' +/7 A+0+43'0'" G.. 0*. 7.E.42%1-./0 %A *.& %&3,3/+4 C%&L:d%(,4+' !;^^> 3/0% + A(442B4%C/0*.%&5 %A )(40(&. :?XaVFGaZ .0+4"D !;;b>"

%&%'( *+,-./01234534. +4,67 ,78 9455:4 ;16+8 3. :,68 5112:,7/ !?( 7/ !( @/ !"AB$(!$$#/


17/22

?B

14.D %&,+/3@+03%/' +/7 3/'030(03%/' *+E. 0% &.%&,+/3@. 0*.3& &(4.'" O/

1*+'.' %A &%(03/.D .E.&57+5 L/%C4.7,.D %&,+/3@+03%/+4 L/%C4.7,.

+/7 3/'030(03%/[email protected] L/%C4.7,. +&. '(AA3)3./0 0% -+L. 0*. 73AA.&2

./). B.0C../ 0&(. +/7 A+4'.D &3,*0 %& C&%/,D ,%%7 %& B+7" O/ 1*+'.'

%A )&3'3' '()* 73'03/)03%/' B.)%-. -%&. 73AA3)(40" ?*. )%,/303E.&(4.' A%& 7%3/, '% )+/ /% 4%/,.& B. +1143.7 C30*%(0 (/).&0+3/05"

O/ %&7.& 0% )*+/,. 0*3' '30(+03%/ %A (/).&0+3/05 0*. &(4.' A%&

7.+43/, C30* 30 +&. 1(0 3/0% Y(.'03%/" 6.43.A' 3/ C*+0 3' )%44.)03E.45

'*+&.7 /% 4%/,.& *%47" j.+&/3/, 0*&%(,* )%--(/3)+03%/ 3' /..7.7"

M*%3).' C30*3/ &(4.' +&. /% 4%/,.& '(AA3)3./0" Z.C &(4.' *+E. 0% B.

)*%'./" ?*3' &.Y(3&.' 4.+&/3/, %A /.C &(4.' +/7 0*. 1&%7()03%/ %A

/.C ).&0+3/03.' 0*&%(,* /.C &(4.' %A )%--(/3)+03/, .E37./). A&%-

0*. C%&47 +&%(/7" O/ -%7.&/ '%)3.03.' '()* '30(+03%/' %A (/).&0+3/2

05 *+E. B.)%-. .E./ /%&-+4R &3'L '%)3.05 3' + 0.&- C*3)* 7.A3/.'

4+0. -%7.&/ '%)3.03.' +' 3/*.&./045 (/).&0+3/ '%)3.03.'" O0 3' /% '(&2

1&3'. 0*+0 3/ &3'L5 ./E3&%/-./0' 0*. Y(.'03%/ %A 4.+&/3/, *+' B.)%-.:+' 3/ ./E3&%/-./0+4 &3'L &.'.+&)*> + )./0&+4 +/+4503)+4 +/7 1%4303)+4

)+0.,%&5"U^ G()* + '30(+03%/D *%C.E.&D 7%.' /%0 *%47 A%&.E.&" O0 3' +

B%&7.& )+'." Z%&-+445D 1.%14. '0344 *+E. '%-. '.)(&. ,&%(/7 %/

C*3)* 0% +)0 &+03%/+445 C30*3/ &(4.'D 0*(' B.3/, )+1+B4. %A +E%373/,

4.+&/3/, +/7 A%44%C3/, &%(03/.'" ?*.&. -('0 B. '%-. B+'3) 3&&30+03%/

0% 0&3,,.& '%)3+4 4.+&/3/, 1&%).''.'"

P*./ '()* &(4. 4.+&/3/, 3' '.0 3/ -%03%/D 30 -%73A3.' 0*.

'%)3+4 A%&-' 0*&%(,* C*3)* L/%C4.7,. 3' ,./.&+0.7 +/7 '0%&.7" O/

0*. )+'. %A &.E%4(03%/D 0*3' &(4. '5'0.- 3' -%73A3.7 .E./ A(&0*.&" O/

'()* '30(+03%/'D 0*. /+&&+03E. %&7.& %A '%)3.05 3' 7.'0&%5.7"

Z+&&+03E.' +&. /% 4%/,.& B.43.E.7 3/D +/7 /%B%75 )+/ B. '(&. +B%(0

+ B+'3) (/7.&'0+/73/, %A .+)* %0*.&W' '5-B%43) C%&47'" [/5 '0+,3/,

%A L/%C4.7,. &3'L' B.3/, &373)(4.7" $&%- 0*3' A%44%C' 0*+0 '%)3.03.'

4.+&/ C*./ 0*.3& /+&&+03E. %&7.& /% 4%/,.& 1&%E37.' 0*. B+)L,&%(/7

).&0+3/05 /.).''+&5 A%& &30(+4'D &%(03/.' +/7 /%&-+03E. %&7.&'"

j.+&/3/, 3' 0*./ A%(/7 3/ + /.C /+&&+03E. %/ C*3)* 0% B+'. + '%)3+4

%&7.& +/7 30' )(40(&.

G()* &(4. 4.+&/3/, +AA.)0' 0*. '0+0. %A L/%C4.7,." O0 7.4.,302

3-3@.' %47 +/7 ,./.&+0.' /.C L/%C4.7,." ?*. +))(-(4+03%/ %A

L/%C4.7,. )+/ B. %&,+/[email protected] %/ 0*. B+'3' %A &(4. '5'0.-' C*3)*

%AA.& /.C 1%''3B34303.' A%& +773/, /.C .Q1.&3./). 0% .Q3'03/, L/%C42

.7,. +/7 C*3)* %AA.& /.C 1%''3B34303.' A%& 7%3/, +C+5 C30* %B'%4.0.

L/%C4.7,." ?*. &(4. 4.+&/3/, %A '%)3.05 3' 0*(' + )%/7303%/ %A

)*+/,3/, 0*. -%7. %A +))(-(4+03/, L/%C4.7,." [ 0*.%&5 %A '%)3.2

0+4 4.+&/3/, 3' 0*.&.A%&. /%0 + 0*.%&5 %A 0*. +))(-(4+03%/ %A L/%C42

.7,.D B(0 &+0*.& + 0*.%&5 %A %&,+/3@3/, +/7 &.%&,+/3@3/, &(4. '5'2

0.-' A%& 0*. +))(-(4+03%/ %A L/%C4.7,."

U^" ?*.&. 3' +/ .Q0./'3E. 430.&+0(&.

%/ &3'L &.'.+&)* +/7 0*. &.4+0.71&%B4.- %A *%C 0% ,.0 +&%(/7C30* &3'L'D *%C 0% )%(/0.& &3'L'" [

,%%7 %&3./0+03%/ 3/ 0*. *3,*4573E.&'. 7.B+0. 3' %AA.&.7 B5

G+B+03.&8q./L3/'2G-30* :!;;U>DV34B&+0* :!;D 6.)L :!;;N> +/7

P5//. :!;;N>"

%&%'( *+,-./01234534. +4,67 ,78 945

5:4 ;16+8 3. :,68 5112:,7/ !?( 7/ !( @/ !"AB$(

!$$#/


18/22

?D

E5 F*&$",*)$&.G %>")2&$", *,- )%*+,$,1

?% '(--+&[email protected] 4.+&/3/, 3' + &.+)03%/ %A *(-+/ B.3/,' 0%

(/).&0+3/03.' &.,+&73/, 0*.3& 3/'030(03%/[email protected] .Q1.&3./)."

o/%C4.7,. /% 4%/,.& 1&%E37.' +7.Y(+0. +/'C.&' A%& A3,(&3/, %(0C*+0 0*. ,%%7 %& 0*. B+7D 0*. &3,*0 %& C&%/,D 0*. 0&(. %& A+4'. )%(47

B." M%--(/3)+03%/ +B%(0 C*+0 3' '*+&.7 L/%C4.7,. *+' 0% B. 0&3,2

,.&.7 %/ 0*. 3/0.&1.&'%/+4D 0*. %&,+/3@+03%/+4 +/7 .E./ 3/'030(03%/+4

4.E.4 %A '%)3+4 43A."

P*+0 *+11./' 0*./ 3' /%0 0*+0 3/73E37(+4' '3-145 4.+&/ +/7

1&%E37. /.C -.+/3/,' +/7 /.C &(4.' A%& ,%3/, +*.+7D B(0 &+0*.&

0*+0 '%)3+4 &.4+03%/' *+E. 0% B. &.%&,+/[email protected] 3/ %&7.& 0% %1./ '1+).'

%A )%--(/3)+03%/ 0*+0 +44%C 0*. )&.+03%/ %A /.C A%&-' %A L/%C42

.7,. %& 0*. &.)%/'0&()03%/ %A %47 A%&-' %A L/%C4.7,." O/ 0*3'

1&%).'' '%)3+4 &.4+03%/' +&. 0*.-'.4E.' &.7.A3/.7" 9(4.' %A '%)3+4

&.4+03%/' %A )%--(/3)+03%/ *+E. 0% B. A%(/7 3/ %&7.& :+> 0% +)Y(3&./.C L/%C4.7,.D :B> 0% '0%&. '()* L/%C4.7,. +/7 :)> 0% 0&+/'-30

'()* L/%C4.7,. ,3E./ 0*. /+0(&+4 +/78%& '%)3+4 0(&/%E.& %A +)0%&'

3/ )%--(/3)+03%/ '.003/,'" j.+&/3/, 3' B%0* )&.+03/, 73')(&'3E.

(/3E.&'.' +/7 ./0.&3/, 73')(&'3E. &.4+03%/'" $+).7 C30* 0*. 0*.%&.02

3)+4 )*%3). %A + 1&3-+)5 %A '(B'0+/03E. %& &(4. 4.+&/3/,D 0*. 0*.%2

&.03)+4 )4+3- 3' 0*+0 &(4. 4.+&/3/, 3' -.0*%7%4%,3)+445 1&3%& 0% '(B2

'0+/03E. 4.+&/3/," ?*. )%&%44+&5 0*.%&.03)+4 +''(-103%/ 3' 0*+0 3/0.&2

'(Bf.)03E. '0&()0(&.' %& &(4.' +&. )%/'030(03E. %A '(Bf.)03E. '0&()2

0(&.' %A L/%C4.7,."

?*.&. &.-+3/' +/%0*.& Y(.'03%/ C*3)* 3' 1+&0 %A 0*. 0304. %A

0*3' 1+1.&" P*5 3' 30 '% *+&7 0% )*+/,. 0*. C%&47] ?*. +/'C.& C%(47B.R B.)+('. '%)3.03.' 7%/W0 43L. 0% 4.+&/" ?*.5 &+0*.& '03)L 0% C*+0

0*.5 L/%C +/7 0% 0*. &(4.' 0*+0 '0+B343@. C*+0 0*.5 L/%C" ?*.&.A%&.D

%/45 '%)3.03.' 0*+0 1&%7(). &3'L' +&. '%)3.03.' 3/ C*3)* '%)3+4 +)0%&'

&.+445 *+E. +/ %103%/ 0% )*+/,. 0*. C%&47" ?*. &3'L3.& 0*. ./E3&%/2

-./0 %A '%)3.03.'D 0*. -%&. 0*.5 4.+&/ +/7 0*. -%&. 0*.5 C+/0 0%

)*+/,. 0*. C%&47" ?*. &3'L '%)3.05 C. 43E. 3/ 0%7+5 3' +/ ./E3&%/2

-./0 )%/7()3E. 0% )*+/,. +/7 4.+&/3/," M%/0&+&5 0% 0*. B+7 /.C'

+B%(0 I&3'L '%)3.05JD 0*3' '%)3.05 3' %/. %A 0*%'. 0*+0 .E./ 0&3,,.&'

4.+&/3/, 1&%).''.' :6KMoD !;;N>" ?*3'D *%C.E.&D )&.+0.' +/%0*.&

1&%B4.-" ?%% -()* 4.+&/3/, 3' )%/A('3/," [/7 0*. .AA.)0' %A )*+/,2

3/, L/%C4.7,. +/7 /%&-' +&. B.5%/7 0*. &.+)* %A *(-+/ 3/0./03%/'"

?*(' 4.+&/3/, 30'.4A B.)%-.' + &3'L" G%D C%(47 30 /%0 B. B.00.& A%&

'%)3+4 .E%4(03%/ 0% )%/03/(. 0% '0%1 4.+&/3/, 1&%).''.'] jtE32

G0&+('' %/). +&,(.7 3/ I?&3'0.' 0&%13Y(.'J A%& '()* + '%)3.05" G3/).

30 3' '% *+&7 0% )*+/,. 0*. C%&47D C. '*%(47 /%0 )*+/,. 30 +0 +44 B(0

&+0*.& B3/7 4.+&/3/, 3/0% )%,/303E. +/7 '%)3+4 A%&-'"

%&%'( *+,-./01234534. +4,67 ,78 9455:4 ;16+8 3. :,68 5112:,7/ !?( 7/ !( @/ !"AB$(!$$#/


19/22

?E

p/A%&0(/+0.45D 30 3' 0%% 4+0. A%& 0*+0" G% C. *+E. 0% )%/03/(. 0%

43E. 3/ + 4.+&/3/, '%)3.05 +/7 ('. %(& 4.+&/3/, )+1+)303.' 0% )%/0&%4

0*. /%/23/0./7.7 .AA.)0' %A %(& 4.+&/3/," G%)3+4 .E%4(03%/ 3' '1..72

3/, (1 B.)+('. '%)3+4 4.+&/3/, 3/)&.+'.'" 6(0 0*. -%&. '%)3+4 .E%4(2

03%/ ,%.' %/D 0*. 4.'' '%)3+4 4.+&/3/, '*+1.' 0*. A(0(&." P. 0&5 0%)*+/,. 0*. C%&47 B5 .E.&57+5 4.+&/3/,D %&,+/3@+03%/+4 4.+&/3/,

:.","D (/3E.&'305 &.A%&-.&'>D B5 3/'030(03%/+4 4.+&/3/, :3/E./03/, /.C

3/'030(03%/' 0*&%(,* %&,+/[email protected] )%44.)03E. +)03%/ +/7 '%)3+4 -%E.2

-./0'> +/7 5.0D '%)3.05 .E%4E.' &+0*.& 3/7.1./7./045 A&%- '%)3+4

4.+&/3/, 1&%).''.'" P*+0 C. 7% 3' 1&%7(). .AA.)0' 0*&%(,* '%)3+4

4.+&/3/," ?*. .AA.)0'D *%C.E.&D +&. /%0 7.0.&-3/.7 B5 )%44.)03E.

4.+&/3/, B(0 B5 0*.3& '5'0.-3) )%/'.Y(./).'R B5 .E%4(03%/"

?*. 344('3%/ %A *3,* -%7.&/305 *+' B../ 0*+0 C. B.43.E.7 0*+0

'%)3.05 4.+&/' B.)+('. ,&%(1'D %&,+/3@+03%/' +/7 3/'030(03%/' 4.+&/"

X%C.E.& ,&%(1'D %&,+/3@+03%/' %& 3/'030(03%/' :/%0 0% '1.+L %A 1.%2

14.> +4'% 73.` 5.0 '%)3.05 )%/03/(.' 0% .E%4E." P. )+/ )*+/,. ,&%(1'D%&,+/3@+03%/'D 3/'030(03%/' :.E./ 1.%14.>D 5.0 '%)3.05 '..-' 0% &.'3'0

+00.-10' 0% )*+/,. 30" [0 4.+'0D '%)3.05 7%.' /%0 I3-14.-./0J 0*.

4.+&/3/, 1&%).''.' ,%3/, %/ 3/ 30" ?*.&. 3' + 73AA.&./). B.0C../

,&%(1 4.+&/3/,D %&,+/3@+03%/+4 4.+&/3/, +/7 3/'030(03%/+4 4.+&/3/,D

%/ 0*. %/. *+/7D +/7 0*. .E%4(03%/ %A '%)3.05D %/ 0*. %0*.&" G%)3.03.'

.E%4E. C*3)* -.+/' C*+0 )%-.' %(0 %A0./ *+' /%0*3/, 0% 7% C30*

,&%(1 3/0./03%/'D %&,+/3@+03%/+4 ,%+4' %& 3/'030(03%/+4 +3-' 7%" O0 3'

0*&%(,* -+)&%'%)3+4 +/7 -+)&%*3'0%&3)+4 )%/'0.44+03%/' 0*+0 4.+&/2

3/, 1&%).''.' %/ 0*. ,&%(1D %&,+/3@+03%/+4 +/7 3/'030(03%/+4 4.E.4

0&+/'4+0. 3/0% '%)3.0+4 4.+&/3/," ?*3' 3' 0% '+5 0*+0 +' -()* +' C.

-+L. '%)3.05 '%)3.05 -+L.' ('"

G%D '*%(47 C. ,3E. (1 0*. 37.+ %A '%)3.0+4 4.+&/3/,] j.+&/3/,

3' %/. 0*3/,D .E%4(03%/ 3' '%-.0*3/, .4'." P. *+E. 0% '.1+&+0. B%0*

3/ %&7.& 0% -+L. './'. %A '%)3+4 4.+&/3/, 1&%).''.'" G% C*+0 +&.

4.+&/3/, 1&%).''.' ,%%7 A%&] ?*.5 +&. ,%%7 A%& .E%4(03%/ B.)+('.

0*.5 %AA.& -%&. 1%''3B34303.'" ?*.5 7% /%0 )*+/,. 0*. C%&47D B(0 0*.5

1&%E37. 0*. .4.-./0' A%& )*+/,3/, 0*. C%&47D A%& L..13/, )*+/,.

,%3/," j.+&/3/, 1&%).''.' %/ 0*. ,&%(1D %&,+/3@+03%/+4 +/7 3/'030(2

03%/+4 4.E.4 1&%7(). E+&3+03%/ 3/ %&7.& 0% 1&%7(). ./%(,* E+&3+B3432

05 A%& 0*. .E%4(03%/ %A '%)3.05" j.+&/3/, 1&%).''.' %/ 0*. ,&%(1D

%&,+/3@+03%/+4 +/7 3/'030(03%/+4 4.E.4 1&%7(). E+&3+03%/ +/7 0*.&.B5

-+L. +E+34+B4. ./%(,* E+&3.05 A%& 0*. .E%4(03%/ %A '%)3.05" ?*.5

1&%E37. 0*. '0(AA %(0 %A C*3)* '%)3.05 '.4.)0' 3/ 30' %C/ )%/03/(%('

&.1&%7()03%/" ?*3' 3' .E%4(03%/ B+'.7 %/ '%)3+4 4.+&/3/, 1&%).''.'D

+/7 3/ 0*3' './'. '%)3.03.' 4.+&/"

%&%'( *+,-./01234534. +4,67 ,78 945

5:4 ;16+8 3. :,68 5112:,7/ !?( 7/ !( @/ !"AB$(

!$$#/


20/22

?F

F%A%+%,#%'

[da9ZaD ?" P" .0 +4" 0: U*?,2 M*-18K !;;!" :a&,+/3@+03%/ G)3./).D E" N>"

dapSj[GD V"5%-'&0 *(+ V*(.,-4 A( A(*$02'2 #= N#(1,3&2 #= 5#$$%&'#( *(+ ##" j%/7%/R 9%(04.7,. v o.,+/D !;^^"

KdK9D o"V', !(&2&,8%(. 2&**&$'18 #-.*('2',-&,- J,2,$$218*=&,(4 !'( F,'&-*. G%,'(,- '$'2',-%(. %(+ +', D#.'; "#( L+,(&'E&Y&2;Y?3=(,4 !'(, 2'&%*&'#(2&8,#-,&'218, 5,-23,;&'", Z,(2,'&2 "#( 7-*&'#(*$ 18#'E

1,94p/E.&sAA./043)*0.' V+/('L&310D X(-B%4702p/3E.&'30r0 @( 6.&43/D !;;

%&%'( *+,-./01234534. +4,67 ,78 9455:4 ;16+8 3. :,68 5112:,7/ !?( 7/ !( @/ !"AB$(!$$#/


21/22

?"

KjG?K9D q" " K13'0.-3) M%--(/303.' +/7 O/0.&/+03%/+4 F%43)5 M%%&73/+203%/"O3,1'*$ '22%, #= L(&,-(*&'#(*$ P-.*('G*&'#(D \^D /" !D !;;N"

X[6K9V[GD q" N#??%('1*&'#( *(+ &8, !"#$%&'#( #= O#1',&0" j%/7%/R X.3/.2-+//D !;_;"

uuuuuu"*$2 *(+ S'(.24 jKTO??D 6"` V[9MXD q" S" a&,+/3@+03%/+4 4.+&/3/," A((%*$ R,"',/ #= O#1'#E$#.0D !\D !;


22/22

B$

FK?K9GD 6" P*5 3' 30 '% *+&7 0% )*+/,. 0*. C%&47] L(&,-(*&'#(*$ O#1'#$#.0D ;D!;;\" 1" N_=2N;U"

Fja?oOZD X" M" :K7">" D,*-('(.K V,",$#3?,(&K *(+ N%$&%-," M*3)*.'0.&D ZeRP34.5 v G%/'D !;"

Eder - Societies Learn and Yet the World is Hard to Change

Documents

Transcript of Eder - Societies Learn and Yet the World is Hard to Change