TOPIC 1Introduction To Guidance & Counselling

CONTENTS :Meaning Of GuidanceBasic Principles Of GuidanceElements Of GuidanceTypes Of GuidanceAdvantages Of GuidanceMeaning Of CounsellingPurposes Of CounsellingPrinciples Of CounsellingCharacteristics Of CounsellingSteps/ Phases Of CounsellingTypes Of Counselling

According to McDaniel & Shaftel (1956) :Guidance is a service that encompasses orientation, the provision of education, information, personal career inventory, counselling, placement and follow up activities.

According to Shertzer & Stone (1974) :Guidance as a process of helping individuals to understand themselves and their world.

According to Alice Crow (1983) :Guidance is help granted to an individual, to assist him in determining his short as well as long-term goals, planning action steps as well as improving his attitude and behaviour.

Panduan Pelaksanaan Perkhidmatan Bimbingan & Kaunseling (1984) :Enrichment services that encompass all aspects of development of the student. This is done through the provision of opportunities and experiences that are in the line with the students abilities and potentialities.Preventive services that prevent students from getting involved in drug abuse, discipline problems, smoking and other unhealthy activities.Crisis counselling services.Remedial services, such as assisting students overcome academic, vocational and socio-emotional problems.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF GUIDANCE :Guidance is basically concerned with the development of the person/Guidance is part of the educational task.Guidance is a knowledge process.Guidance is for all individuals.Guidance is a continuous, sequential life-long process.Guidance emphasizes co-operation, not compulsion.Guidance is based on the assumption that students have the capacity for self-development.In guidance, all details about the students problem are confidential.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF GUIDANCE :The guidance process needs information which is complete and comprehensive.The guidance teacher needs to be patient, open, non-judgmental and and approachable.Every teacher is a guidance teacher.Guidance assists the student in setting realistic goals which are compatible with his abilities, interests and talents.The time allocated for guidance should be sufficient.The guidance teacher should be equipped with skills in the helping process.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF GUIDANCE :The guidance teacher needs to build rapport with other teachers, class teacher, students and parents.Guidance emphasizes the present as well as the future.Guidance for each student is different.

Elements of Guidance.It focuses our attention on the individual and not the problem.It leads to the discovery of abilities of an individual.Guidance is based upon the assets and limitations of an individual.

It leads to self development and self direction.It helps the individual plan wisely for the present and the future.It assists the individual to become adjusted to the environment.It assists to achieve success and happiness.

Types

Advantages of Guidance.It helps the pupil to understand himself.It helps the pupil in making careful choice of subjects and courses.It enables the teacher to understand the strengths and weaknesses of his pupil.

ContIt enables the parent to understand their children.It feeds the community with better adjusted citizens.It serves to prevent problems which may lead to mental illness.It enables the administrator to make the best use of the energy, money, time and resources available.

According to Perez (1965):

Counseling is an interactive process conjoining the counselee who need assistance and the counselor who trained and educated to give this assistance.

According to Pepinsky and Pepinsky (1954) :

Counseling is that interaction whichOccurs between two individuals called counselor and clients.Takes place in professional setting andIs initiated and maintained to facilitate changes in the behaviour of a client.

According to Patterson (1967):Counseling is the process involving interpersonal relationships between a therapist and one or more clients by which the former employs psychological methods based on systematic knowledge of the human personality in attempting to improve the mental health of the later.

Purposes of CounsellingTo give the student information on matters important to his success.To help the student in solving his problems.To establish mutual understanding between students and teachers.To help the student work out a plan for solving his difficulties.

Cont.To help the students to known his interests, abilities, attitudes etc.

To encourage and develop special abilities and right attitudes.

To assists the student in planning educational and vocational choices.

Characteristics of Counselling. Person to person relationship. Involves two individual. Helps the counselor to discover and solve his personal problems independently. Helps and assist properly Establish a relationship of mutual respect, cooperation and friendliness between the two individuals.

Cont.. Discovers the problem of the client and helps him to set up goals and guide him through difficulties and problems.

Counseling process the main emphasis is on the counselors self direction and self acceptance.

Counseling is democratic.

Steps or Phases of Counselling.G ---- Greet the clientA ---- Ask clients about themselves.T ---- Give information of Strategies of coping mechanismsH ---- Help the client to choose a method.E ---- Explain how to use a method.R ---- Return for follow-up.

Counselling process.Phase-1: Establishing Relationship:Introduce yourself.Listen attentively.Always address the individual by his/her name.Ensure physical comfort.Do not interrupt the individual while he is talking.Observe non-verbal communication.

II. Phase- 2: Assessment:

III. Phase- 3: Setting Goals: The skills of drawing inference.Differentiation andTeaching individuals to think realistically.

IV. Phase- 4: Intervention:Handling the interventions.Knowledge of its effects.Ability to read clients reaction.

V. Phase 5: Termination and Follow-up:

Types of Counselling.

I. Directive counselling.Also known as Prescriptive or counselor-centered Counseling and the Steps involved.Analysis.Synthesis.Diagnosis.Prognosis.Treatment.Follow-up.

II. Non Directive Counselling.Also called Permissive Counseling or client centered Counseling.The client or the counselee is the pivot.He actively participates in the process.Steps involved areNeed.Attitude.Understand. Accept Translate.Steps.

III. Eclectic Counselling:It is the combination of Directive and non directive CounselingSteps involved are,Diagnosis of the cause.Analysis of the problem.Preparation of a plan.Interviewing and stimulating a client.Proper handling of any related problems.

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