ED 578Supervision

September 22, 2010

Chapter 1The changing context of supervision a

historical perspective

Belief System and Personal Vision of Supervision

QuestionSullivan and Glanz state” Supervision and

evaluation are like oil and water; they don’t mix (p 27.) Do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Explain your rationale.

How would you, as principal, accomplish both the assisting and the assessing aspects of supervision?

Definition of SupervisionWhat is your definition of supervision?

Historical PerspectiveWith your group organize the timeline

Evolution of SupervisionWhat does the story on page 4 & 5 tell us?

Pre - 1900Supervision as autocratic and seen as

inspection.

The only way to reform the school was:secure a competent superintendent let him ‘reform’ all the teachers who are

incompetent bury the dead.

1900 - 1920Fredrick Taylor – Scientific Management

Supervision of Social Efficiency, which is compatible with bureaucracy in education

Early 20th Century“That men make better administrators I have

already said. As a general proposition, women make better special supervisors. They are more interested in details. They do not make as good general supervisors or assistant superintendents, however”.

William E. Chancellor (1904) Sullivan & Glanz, p. 11

Teacher QuoteThere is no democracy in our schools…Here let

me say that I do not want to give the impression that we are sensitive. No person who has remained a teacher for ten years can be sensitive. She is either dead or has gone into some other business…There are too many supervisors with big salaries and undue rating powers.

Sallie Hill (1918) Sullivan & Glanz, p. 13

1920sInfluenced by John Dewey democratic

supervision emerges.

Cooperation between supervisors, teachers, curriculum specialists.

Teacher is viewed as a fellow-worker rather than a cog in a big machine.

1930 - 1950Scientific approach to supervision.

Barr – supervisors must formulate objectives, followed by measurement surveys to determine the instructional status of schools.

Use of rating scales and observation instruments.

Barr continuedBarr contended teaching could be broken down

into its component parts and that each part could be studied scientifically.

1960Supervision as Leadership emerges.

Developing mutually acceptable goalsExtending cooperative and democratic

methodsPromoting research into educational

problemsPromoting professional leadership

1970 - 1980Clinical Supervision which was a reaction to

“ambiguities” in the educational system.

The premise of clinical supervision was that teaching could be improved by a prescribed, formal process of collaboration between teacher and supervisor.

1990Supervision in transition emerges as the words

supervision and supervisor are seen as negative.

People were more comfortable with ‘instructional leadership’

This approach also extended democratic methods.

2000Where are we now?

Standards-Based Supervision.

Supervision includes the results of high stakes testing and accountability based on quantitative data.

Do you believe…#8 Supervision is about offering teachers specialized

help in improving instruction

#9 Supervision is about examining and analyzing classroom teaching behaviors so that recommendations can be made with regard to the course of action teachers should take instructionally.

Therefore you believe… Teachers are deficient, need help, and could not or would not seek improvement on their own.

Discussion of Questionnaire

#5 The supervisor’s position in the hierarchy, as compared to the teacher’s, is unproblematic.

Discussion of Questionnaire#1 I am not comfortable participating with

teachers as partners.

#10 Teachers can help supervisors improve their performance.

Discussion of Questionnaire#40 Supervisors should have more expertise

than teachers with respect to teaching and learning.

Discussion of Questionnaire#28 Experienced, high-functioning teachers

should have complete control over their professional development.

#21 The supervisor is the agent of improved instruction.

Definition of SupervisionWhat is your definition of supervision?

What is your belief system as it relates to supervision?

Could you write a vision statement for supervision? (guidelines p. 35)

QuestionSullivan and Glanz state” Supervision and

evaluation are like oil and water; they don’t mix (p 27.) Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Explain your rationale.

How would you, as principal, accomplish both the assisting and the assessing aspects of supervision?