ECTD_061

TITLE: Drone Honeybees

SOURCE: Bibl. BRA. No. 11

DATE: 1970

BIBLIOGRAPHY No. 11 1970

DRONE H O N E Y B E E S

by Eva Crane

0 . GENERAL .. .. .. .. 2

1. DEVELOPMENT (including nutrition) .. .. .. .. 2 1.1 Immature stages 1.2 Diploid drones 1.3 Imago (adult) stage 1.4 Attainment o£ sexual maturi ty 1.5 Expulsion from colony, and death

2. FLIGHT „ ., .. .. .. ., .. ». 4 2.1 General 2.2 Flight range 2.3 Drifting

3. MATING .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 3.1 Case histories 3.2 Pre-Vulcano research 3.3 Post-Vulcano research 3.4 Close-up observations, including those on chemical a t t r ac t an t s 3.5 Drone congregation areas

4. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY .. .. .. .. .. 8 4.1 Morphological characters 4.2 Reproductive system 4.3 E lee trophy siology (visual system) 4.4 Other organs

5. SPERMATOZOA AND SEMEN .. .. ,. .. .. 9 5.1 Morphology and behaviour of spermatozoa 5.2 Chemistry 5.3 Preservation of semen 5.4 Deduction of multiplicity of mating

6. DRONES IN BEEKEEPING .. .. .. .. .. 11 6.1 Drone rearing by the beekeeper 6.2 Drone production by bees 6.3 Drone brood as a hive product 6.4 Disease transmission by drones

-

2.

O. GENERAL

WASHINGTON, R.J . Drones . Am. Bee J. 107(1) : 7-9 (1967) A .A.324L/67

WOYKEJ. The development , m a t u r a t i o n and production o£ drones and n a t u r a l ma t ing of virgin and drone honey b e e s . Final technica l r e p o r t . Warsaw : Warsaw Agr icu l tu ra l Univers i ty 108 pages (1966) A . A . 95/69

1. DEVELOPMENT (INCLUDING NUTRITION)

1.1 I m m a t u r e s t a g e s

NAULLE&(G^G.Do bees recognize the sex of drone larvae put in to queen ce l l s? Insec te s sociaux 9(2) : 165-172 (1962) In French A. A. 565/63

RHEIN,W.von The n u t r i t i o n of drone l a rvae . Z .Bienenforsch . 1(4) : 63-66 (1951) In German A.A.96 /52

WOYKEJ . Study on the compara t ive viabil i ty of diploid and haploid l a r v a l drone honeybees. J . a p i c . R e s . 4(1) : 12-16(1965) A .A.100 /66

HAYDAK,M.H. The food of t he drone l a r v a e . A n n . e n t . S o c . A m e r , 50(1) : 73-75 (1957) A.A.321/58

HACHINOHE,Y. & ONISHI,N. Meiosis in t h e drone honeybee (Apis mell if ica) Bull. Na t , I n s t . ag r i c^Sc i .Se r .G (3) : 83-87 (1952) In Japanese A .A , 94/57

FUJII,N. , KAWANO,!. , KUWAHARA,H. & IWAMURA,I. Studies on the f r ee amino acids in honey bees a t d i f f e r e n t s t a g e s of development . I. Observat ions on the f r ee amino acids p r e s e n t in adul t s and nymphe of d rones . Bull. F a c . Agric .Univ.Miyazaki 7(1) : 1-4 (1962) In Japanese A . A . 580/64

1. 2 Diploid drones

WOYKEJ. The ha tchabi l i ty of " l e tha l " eggs in a two sex-al le le f r a t e r n i t y of honeybees. J . a p i c . R e s . 1 : 6-13 (1962) A.A.815 /64

WOYKEJ. Drone la rvae f r o m fe r t i l i zed eggs of t h e honeybee. J . a p i c . R e s . 2(1) : 19-24(1963) A.A.816 /64

WOYKEJ. What happens t o diploid drone la rvae in a honeybee colony. J . a p i c . R e s . 2(2) : 73-75 (1963) A .A.817 /64

WOYKEJ . Rear ing and viabil i ty of diploid drone l a rvae . J . a p i c . R e s . 2(2) : 77-84 (1963) A .A.818 /64

WOYKEJ . Drones f r o m fe r t i l i z ed eggs . Dtsch .Bienenw. 15(7) : 141-147 (1964) In German A.A.819L/64

WOYKEJ. Drones f r o m fe r t i l i z ed eggs and t h e biology of s ex -de t e rmina t ion in t he honeybee. Bull. Acad.polon.Sci . 11(5) : 251-254 (1963) A .A.533L/65

WOYKEJ. Genet ic proof of t h e origin of drones f r o m fe r t i l i zed eggs of t h e honeybee. J. ap i c .Res . 4(1) : 7-11(1965) A.A.101 /66

3.

WOYKEJ. Do honeybees e a t diploid drone larvae because they are in worker ce l ls? J . a p i c . R e s . 4(2) : 65-70 (1965) A.A.109 /66

WOYKEJ. Rear ing diploid drone la rvae in queen cel ls in a colony. J . a p i c . R e s . 4(3) : 143-148 (1965) A.A.462 /66

WOYKE J . * Cytologic il proof of th e origin of drones f r o m inseminated eggs of t he honeybee . Bu i . .Acad .po l .Sc i .V 14(1) : 65-67(1966) A.A.463L/66

WOYKEJ . 8c ADAMS J C A , Z . Genet ic evidence of b ipa ren ta l origin of adult honey bee d rones . Ea l l .Acad .po l .Sc i .V 14(1) : 73-74 (1966) A.A.464L/66

W O Y K E J . , K N Y T E ^ A . & BERGANDY,K. The presence of spe rmatozoa in eggs as proof t h a t drones can develop f rom inseminated eggs of t h e honeybee. J . a p i c . R e s . 5(2) : 71-78 (1966) A .A .79 /67

W'OYKE J . & KNYTEL,A. Cytological proof of t h e origin of drones f r o m fe r t i l i zed eggs of t h e noney bee . Bull. Acad .pol .Sc i . Cl .V 14(1) : 69-72 (1966) A.A.513L/67

WOYKEJ . & KNYTEL,A. The chromosome number as proof t h a t drones can a r i se f r o m f e r t i i z e d eggs of the honeybee. J . a p i c . R e s . 5(3) : 149-154 (1966) A .A .680 /6?

WOYKE J . Diploid drone subs tance - canni balisrn subs tance . XXI In t .Beekeep . Congr. p r c l i m . s c i . Mee t . Summ. Paper 10 : 57-58 (1967) A.A.681/67

WOYKEJ. & SKOWRONEK,W. Spermatogenes is in diploid d rones . XXI In t .Beekeep . C o n g r . p r e l i m . s c i . M e e t . S u m m . P a p e r 9 : 57 only (1967) A.A.682/67

* w i th KNYTEL,A. 8c BERGANDY,K.

1.3 Imago (adult) s t age

FREE J . B . The food of adul t drone honeybees $Lpis me l l i f e ra ) . B r i t . J . A n i m . Behav. 5(1) : 7-11 (1957) A .A .14 /59

O E R T E L , E . , EMERSON,R.B. 8c WHEELER,H.E . T rans f e r of r ad ioac t iv i ty f r o m worker t o drone honey bees a f t e r ingest ion of rad ioac t ive s u c r o s e . Ann. e n t . S o c A m e r . 46(4) : 596-598 (1953) A . A . 2 8 / 5 5

OROSI P A L , Z . The behaviour and n u t r i t i o n of d rones . Bee World 40(6) : 141-146 (1959) A.A.335/60

LEVENETS,N.P . How much food is used fo r r ea r ing and maintaining drones? Pchelovodstvo 33(6) : 53-54 (1956) In Russian A .A.13 /58

MORIMOTO,H. On the feeding of drone honey b e e s . Jap .Bee J. 16(9) : 258-263 (1963) In Japanese A. A . 578/64

MORIMOTO,H. E f f e c t of t r a n s p o r t a t i o n on t h e ac t i v i t y of drone honey b e e s . Jap. Bee J. 16(11) : 322*327 (1963) In Japanese A . A . 579/64

HOFFMANN,I. Do drones of Apis me l l i f e r a rea l ly feed o t h e r bees or a re they simply discharging food? Z .Bienenforsch . 8 (8) : 249-255(1966) In German A. A.518/67

1.4 A t t a i n m e n t of sexual m a t u r i t y

JAYCOX,E.R. The e f f e c t s of various foods and t e m p e r a t u r e s on sexual m a t u r i t y of the drone honeybee (Apis mel l i fe ra) Ann. e n t . S o c . Amar . 54(4) : 519-523 (1961) A .A.787 /63

4.

KUR£NNQI,N.tfr. When are droaee sexually mature? Pchelovodstvo 30(11) : 28-32(1953) In Russian A,A.89/54 *

MINDT,B, Investigations on the life of drones, especially their nutrition and sexual maturity. Z. Bienenf orsch. 6(1) : 9-33 (1962) In German A.A.345/63

WOYKEJ. Effect of flying on tie sexual s timulation of drones. Pszczelarstwo 6(5) : 1-3 (1955) In Polish A.A.21/57

RUTTNER,F. The life and flight activity of drones. Bee Wld 47(3) : 93-100 (1966) A.A.78/67 ,,

GERIG,L. Does the quality of the drones also matter? Schweiz.Bienenztg 89(5) ; 201-203 (1966) In German A.A.726/68

ENGLERT,E. The mating biology of drones. AIl£.dt. Imkerztg 1(4) : 113-117 (1967) In German A,A. 345/68

1.5 Expulsion from colony, and death

LEVENETS,I. Observations on the expulsion of drones, Pchelovodstvo 33(10) : 28-29(1956) In Russian AVA.14/5.8'.

MORSE,R.A., STRANG,evil. & NQWAKOWSKI,J. Fall death rates of drone honey bees. J.econ. Ent. 6o(S) : I19S-1202 (1967) A.A.128/68

WITHERELL, P, C. Survival of drones following eversiort. Annls Abeille 8(4) : 317-320 (1965) A.A.8G/67

KALNITZKI,A. Queens mated successfully with overwintered drones. Pchelovodstvo (6) : 370 (1949) In Russian A.A.113/51

KEPENA,L. Drone wintering in the colony. Vcelarstvi 15(1) : 9 only (1962) In Czech A.A.293/65

2. FLIGHT

2.1 General

LAVREKHIN,F.A, A problem of the biology of drones. Pchelovodstvo 24(1) : 57-59(1947) In Russian A.A*79/50

LAVREKHIN,F.A. Comparative observations on the flight activity of drones. Pchelovodstvo 37(3) V43-45 (i960) In Russiaii A,A. 114/63

OERTEI*, E, Observations ori the flight of drone honey bees. Ann, ent, Soc, Ame r, 49(5) : 497-500 (i9S6) A.A. 280^7

STARKOV,I.A. The flight activities of bee$^'&'ildyburyat*mongol ,, nauchno-issled, vet.opyt.Sta. (13) : 79-92 (1958) In Russian A.A.528/65

T A B E R J S , , III, Factors influencing the cireadian flight rhythm of drone honey bees. Ann.ent.Sbc^Amer. 57(6) ; 769-775 (1964)

TABER,S., III, Drone fH^tjdti^ech Glean.Bee Cult, 91(9) : 552-553, 565 (1963) A.A.75i/6SQ-l

5.

KURRENOI,M.N. F l ight ac t i v i t y and sexual m a t u r i t y of d rones . Pchelovodstvo 31(12) : 24-28 (1954) In Russian A.A.189/56

KEPENA,L. Biological observa t ions on drone r ea r ing . Ved. F race vyzkum. Us tav . vcelar .CSAZV 3 : 65-76 (1963) In Czech A.A.102 /66

2. 2 Fl ight range

HOFMANN,F. & STEINER,K. The f l igh t range of drones in r e l a t i o n e ma t i n g -apiary p r a c t i c e . Arch .Gef luge lz .Kle in t ie rk . 10(4) : 201-218 (1961) In German A.A.847L/63

LIVENETS, . I . P . The f l ight range of d rones . Pchelovodstvo 31(8) : 36-38 (1954) In Russian A .A .95 /55

P £ E R , D . F . 8c FARRARjC.L. The mat ing range of the honeybee. J . e c o n . E n t . 49(2) : 254-256 (1956) A . A . 12/57

L E C O M T E J . What i s known of drone behaviour? Ann.Abeille 1(1) : 31-39 (1958) In F rench A.A.291 /59

RUTTNER,H. & RUTTNER,F . How f a r do drones and queens f ly? Bienenvater 86(1) : 15-21 (1965) In German A.A.535 /65

FOGED,E. The f l igh t range of drones is l a rge r than t h a t of w o r k e r s . T idsskr . Biavl 87(9) : 139 only (1953) In Danish A.A.236 /55

DRESCHER,W. Studies of the s ecu r i t y of the queen mat ing s t a t i o n on the Isle of Mellum [aga ins t drones f r o m e lsewhere] Z .Bienenforsch . 8(3) : 49-54 (1965) In German A . A . 520/66

2. 3 Dr i f t ing

LIVENETS, I . P . The d r i f t ing of d rones . Pchelovodstvo 23(1) : 25-30 (1951) In Russian A. A.150/52

WITHERELL,P .C . Dr i f t ing of d rones . Am.Bee J. 105(5) : 175 only (1965) A .A.537 /65

KHALIFMAN,!.A. E f f e c t of n u t r i t i o n on the or ien t ing abil i ty of honeybees [drones] Bull . Acad.Sci . U . R . S . S . (3) : 52-62 (1951) In Russian A .A .95 /57

3 . MATING

3 .1 Case h i s t o r i e s

LARSEN,C.J. The rra t ing of a young queen. T idsskr .B iav l 87(10) : 159-160 (1953) In Danish A .A.234 /55

TUSCHHOFF,VON Which drone m a t e s ? Leipzig.Biene nz tg . (Wes t ) 65(11) : 323-325 (1951) In German A . A . 6 / 5 4

6.

WEIGHTMAN,C. The mating of the queen and drone honeybee. Br i t . Bee J. 79(3593) : 391-392 (1951) A.A. 155/51

ZIEMER,E. Mating of a queen. Sudwestdtsch.Imker 5(11) : 337 only (1953) In German A.A.49/57

GEFiOLDJ. Mating of a queen bee. Bienenvater 76(12) : 400 only (1955) In German A.A.48/57

GABELEIN,H. Observed mating of a queen. Imkerfreund 8(7) : 245-246 (1953) In German A.A.233/55

KOHLER,F. Defective copulation as a cause of infert i l i ty of the queen honeybee. Naturwissenschaften 43(23) : 542-543 (1956) In German A.A. 10/60

3.2 Pre-Vulcano research

FYG,W. The process of natural mating in the honeybee. Schweiz.Bienenztg. 74(4) : 156-171 (1951) In German A.A.133/53

GONTARSKI,H. Biology of mating of the queen bee. Leipzig. Bienenztg. 66(11) : 259-261(1952) In German A.A. 237/53

GONTARSKI,H, Do we know for certain tha t queens mate more than once? Rhein.Bienenztg. 103(12): 339-341(1952) In German A.A.215/53

KURENNOI,N.M. The mating of the queen and drone. Pchelovodstvo 30(10): 19-25(1953) In Russian A;A. 104/54

3.3 Post-Vulcano research

RUTTNER,F. & RUTTNER,H. The flight activity and mating behaviour of drones. Bienenvater 84(10) : 297-301 (1963) In German A. A.322/64

RUTTNER,F. Single and multiple mating of queens determined by their progeny. Bienenvater 76: 5-10, 50-56, 123-127, 159-164, 198-202 (1955) In German A. A.159/57

TRYASKOjV, V. Drones which have mated with queens. Pchelovodstvo 34(12) : 29-31(1957) In Russian A.A.182/59

ALBER,M. , JORDAN,R. , RUTTNER,F.& H. The mating of the honeybee. Z.Bienenforsch. 3(1) : 1-28 (1955) In German A.A.50/56

JEAN-PROST,P. Observations on the mating flight of queens. C.R. Acad.Sci. , Paris 245:2107-2110(1957) In French A.A.115/59

JEAN-PROST,P. Summary of observations made on the queen's mating flight. XVII Int.beekeep. Congr. (1958) In French. A.A. 397/58

FYG,W. An unusual "mating" of bees. Schw3iz.Bienenztg 83(9) : 395-398(1960) In German A.A.40/61

SCHULZ-LANGNER,E. Another case of the failure of a drone to mate: with a worker honeybee. Z.Bienenforsch. 5(7) : 227-229 (1961) In German A.A.778/63

MORSE,R.A. , GARY,N.E. & JOHANSSON,T.S.K. Mating of virgin queen honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) following mandibular gland extirpation. Nature, Lond. 194(4828) : 605 only (1962) A.A.95/63

8.

4. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

4 . 1 Morphological c h a r a c t e r s

AKAHIR£.,Y. & SAKAGAMI,S.F. Observat ions on the var iabi l i ty of wing venation in t he honeybees. J . F a c . S c i .Hokkaido Univ.Ser . VT.Zool. 14(2) : 175-184 (1959) In English A.A.247 /62

HOROWITZ,S.M. The wing venation of the Pa le s t ine honeybee. H a t t e v a ' Wehaare tz 10(3) : 150-152 (1953) In Hebrew A.A. 7/54

HOROWITZ,S.M. Pre l iminary observa t ions on the inher i tance of some r ac i a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s in drones of F hybrids of Apis ine l l i fera var . l igus t ica X v a r . s y r i a c a . Bu l l .Res .Coun . I s r ae l 5B(2) : 194-195 (1955) A .A.91 /58

SAKAI,T. Morphological s tud ies on the drone honeybee. Jap .Bee J. 11(2) : 40-46(1958) In Japanese A.A.112/60

LAVREKHIN,F. A. Comparat ive observa t ions on the f l igh t ac t i v i t y or d rones . Pchelovodstvo 37(3) : 43-45 (1960) In Russian A.A.114 /63

KULINCEVICJ. Pheno—analysis of the abdominal t e r g i t e s of drones of d i f f e r e n t geographical r a c e s of t he honeybee and t h e i r hybr ids . Annls Abeille 9(2) : 115-152(1966) In German A.A.325 /67

TUCKER, K. W. 8c LAID LAW,H.H. Honey bee drones wi th j e t black bodies . J .Hered . 58(4) : 184-185 (1967) A. A.94/69

DUSTMANNJ. H. P igment s tud ies on seve ra l eye-colour m u t a n t s of the honey b e e , Apis m e l l i f e r a . Na tu re ,Lond . 219(5157) : 950-952 (1968) A .A.96 /69

4. 2 Reproduct ive s y s t e m

WOYKE, J. The his tological s t r u c t u r e o r the reproduc t ive organs of the drone . P race K o m . b i o l . , Pez.nan 19(2) : 37-87 (1958) In Pol ish A.A.821 /64

TRYASKO,V.V. The mat ing sign of the queen and i t s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . Pchelovodstvo 34(4) : 22-28 (1957) In Russian A.A.186/58

GIAVARINI,I. Inves t iga t ions on the reproduc t ive s y s t e m o£ A . m . H g u s t i c a and A. m . m . nigra d rones . XVI In t .beekeep . Congr. pre l im, s c i . M e e t . (1956) A.A.238 /56

BAHRMANNjR. The s t r u c t u r e of t h e copulatory organ of t he four species of Apis . Leipzig. Bienenztg 75(1) : 18-20 (1961) In German A.A. 437/61

RUTTNER,F . S t r u c t u r e and funct ion of the per iphera l nervous s y s t e m of the drone reproduc t ive s y s t e m . Ann. Abeille 5(1) : 5-58 (1962) In German A.A.820 /64

4 .3 Electrophysiology (visual sys t em)

FULPIUS,B. 8c BAUMANN,F. Modificat ions of t h e r e c e p t o r po ten t i a l of r e t i nu l a cel ls of t he honeybee by s u b s t i t u t i n g for sodium ion. J .Phys io l . , P a r i s 59(4) : 407 only (1967) In French A.A.489 /69

9.

BAUMANN,F. Light stimulation of different sectors of a honeybee retinula cell. J .Physiol . ,Par is 58(5) : 458 only (1966) In French A.A.279/69

BAUMANN,F. , PERRELET,A. & FULPIUS,B. Functional and morphological study of drone retinula cells during light- and dark-adaptation. Helv. physiol. pharmac. Acta 25 : CR163-CR164 (1967) In French A.A.281/69

BAUMANN,F. Function of the retinula cell in drones. Hely.physiol.pharmac. Acta 23 : C76-C77 (1965) In French A. A,278/69

FULPIUS,B. & BAUMANN,F. Influence of Na+, Ca++, K+ and Cl~ on receptor potential in drone retinula cells. Helv. physiol.pharmac. Acta 24 : C86-C87 (1966) In French A.A.280/69

AUTRUM,H. 8c ZWEHL,V.VON The spectral sensitivity of the separate visual cells of the drone honeybee. Z. vergl. Physiol. 46 : 8-12 (1963) In German A.A.111/65

NAKA,K. 8c EGUCHI,E. Spike potentials recorded from the insect photoreceptor. J. gen. Physiol. 45(4) : 663-680 (1962) A.A. 534/65

AUTRUM,H. 8c ZWEHL,V.VON A greenreceptor in the eye of the drone honeybee. Naturwissenschaften 50(22) : 698 only (1963) In German A.A. 110/65

4.4 Other organs

KAISSLING,K.E, 8c RENNEF^,M. Antennal receptors for queen substance and scent-gland odour in honeybees. Z. vergl. Physiol. 59 : 357-361 (1968) In German A. A, 696/69

LA CHER, V. 8c SCHNEIDER, D. Electrophysiological determination of the olfactory function of the plate organs on the antennae of the drone and worker honeybee. Z.vergls.Physiol. 47 : 274-278 (1963) In German A.A. 518/65

LACHER,V. Electrophysiological investigation on individualr eceptors of scent , carbon dioxide, humidity and temperature on antennae of the worker and drone

honeybee. Z. vergl. Physiol. 4 8 : 587-623(1964) In German A.A.78/66 SCHLEGEL,P. Electrophysiological observation on the sensilla of the sensory-

hair region of the drone's externalsexual apparatus. Naturwissenschaften 54(1) : 26 only (1967) In German A.A. 343/68

RUTTNER,F. A genital sensory organ of the drone. XVII Int.beekeep. Congr. (1958) In German A.A. 396/58

5. SPERMATOZOA AND SEMEN

5.1 Morphology and behaviour of spermatozoa

SMIRNOV,I.V. New data on the sperm of drones. Pchelovodstvo 30(2) : 23-25 (1953) In Russian A.A.105/54

10.

ROTHSCHILD,Lord The spe rmatozoa of t he honey-bee. T r a n s . R . e n t . S o c . Lond. 107 : 209-294+ 2 p la t e s (1955) A.A.281/57

LENSKY,Y. & SCHINDLER,H. Motil i ty and reve r s ib le inac t iva t ion of honeybee spe rma tozoa in vivo and in v i t r o . Annls Abeille 10(1) : 5-16 (1967) In English A.A.516L/67

LENSKY,Y. 8c SCHINDLER,H. F a c t o r s a f fec t ing the mo t i l i t y and longevity of honeybee drone spe rma tozoa (Apis mel l i f ica L. va r . l i gus t i c a ) . Unnumbered r e p o r t (Hebrew Universi ty) : 47-SO (1965) In English A.A. 514/67

LENSKY,Y. Si SCHINDLER,H. Mot i l i ty and r eve r s ib l e inac t iva t ion of honeybee spe rma tozoa in vivo and in v i t r o . Unnumbered r e p o r t (Rehovot , Israel) : 22 pages (1966) English A . A . 515/67

JAYCOX,E.R. The effec1|jpf drying and various d i luents on spe rmatozoa of the honeybee (Apis me l l i f e ra L.) J . e c o n . E n t . 53(2) : 266-269 (1960) A . A . 126/61

FYG,W. Aging in the queen honeybee. Schweiz.Bienenztg 87(12) : 576-581 (1964) In German A.A.740 /65

KURENNOi,N,M. S t r u c t u r e and v i ta l i ty of drone spe rma tozoa . Pchelovodstvo 31(10) : 41-44 (1954) In Russian A.A.209 /55

FYG,W, Chloretone as a r e l axan t f o r honeybee musc le . J . a p i c . R e s . 5(1) : 15-16 (1966) A.A.668/66

KURENNOI,N.M. S t r u c t u r e and v i ta l i ty of drone s p e r m a t o z o a . Pchelovodstvo 31(10) : 41-44 (1954) In Russian A, A . 209/55

5.2 Chemis t ry

NOVAK,A.F. , BLUM,M.S . , TABER,S. ,111 8c LIUZZOJ . A. Separat ion and d e t e r m i n a t i o n of seminal plasma and spe rm amino acids of the honeybee Apis me i l i f e r a . A n n . e n t . S o c . A m e r . 53(6) : 841-843 (1960) A.A.258/62

BLUM,M.S. , GLOWSKA,Z. 8c TABER,S. , III Chemis t ry of t he drone honey bee reproduc t ive s y s t e m II. Carbohydra tes in the reproduct ive organs and semen. Ann.ent.Soc.Afflier. 55(1) : 135-139 (1962)

5.3 P r e s e r v a t i o n of semen

TABER,S. ,111. 8c BLUM,M.S. P r e s e r v a t i o n of honey bee ser ren . Science 131(3415) : 1734-1735 (1960) A . A . 1 5 / 6 1

TABEKjS. ,111 Successful sh ipments of honeybee semen. Bee World 42(7) : 173-176 (1961) A .A.343 /63

SAWADA,Y. 8c CHANG ,M. C. Tolerance of honey bee spe rm t o deep f reez ing . J . e c o n . E n t . 57(6) : 891-892 (1964) A.A. 344/68

BLUM,M.S . 8c TABER,S.III Chemis t ry of t he drone honey bee reproduc t ive s y s t e m III. Dehydrogenases in washed spe rma tozoa . J. Insec t Physiol . 11 : 1489-1501 (1965) A .A.260 /66

11 .

5.4 Deduction of mul t ip l i c i ty of mat ing

KOHLER,F, The physiology of bee s p e r m wi th special r e f e r e n c e t o i n s t r u m e n t a l inseminat ion . Dtsch .Bienenw. 11(4) : 87-89 (1960) In German A. A. 212/61

TRIASKO,V.V. Signs indicat ing t h e mat ing of queens. Pchelovodstvo 28(11): 25-31(1951) In Russian A . A . 5/53

TRIASKO ,V. V, Polyandry in honeybees. XVI In t .beekeep . Congr. pre l im, s c i . Mee t . (1956) A.A.233 /56

TRIASKO,V. V. Repeated and mul t ip le mat ing of queens. Pchelovodstvo 33(1) : 43-50(1956) In Russian A. A. 234/57

WOYKE J. The anatomy of queens and d r o n e s , and mult iple mat ing of queens. XVI In t . beekeep . Congr .p re l im, s c i . M e e t . (1956) A, A.236/56

WOYKE,J. Na tu ra l and a r t i f i c i a l inseminat ion of queen honeybees. Pszcze l . Zes .Nauk. 4(3/4) : 183-275 (1960) In Polish A . A . 536/63 also Bee Wld 43(1) 1962

WOYKEJ . Multiple mat ing of t h e honeybee queen (Apis mel l i f ica L.) in one nupt ial f l i gh t . Bull. Acad. £olon. Sci. II 3(5) : 175-180 (1955) In English A.A. 73/56

P E E R , D . F . , Multiple mat ing of queen honey b e e s . J . e c o n . E n t . 49(6) : 741-743 (1956) A .A.158 /57

TABER,S. ,111 The frequency of mul t ip le mat ing of queen honey b e e s . J . e c o n . E n t . 47(6) : 995-998 (1954) A . A . 9 3 / 5 5

TABER,S. ,111 Be WEND£L,<J, €ojmhxipfagrtrhe number of t i m e s queen bees m a t e . J . e c o n . E n t . 51(6) : 786-789 (1958) A .A.794 /64

6. DRONES IN BEEKEEPING

6 .1 Drone r e a r i n g by the beekeeper

FALKENBERG,J. The 1961 drone c olonies a t the queen-mat ing s t a t i o n a t Sylt on t h e island of L i s t . . . Bienenzucht 15(4) : 112-114 (1962) In German A.A.172L/63

VOLOSEVICH,A.P. About enlarged d rones . Pchelovodstvo 55(1) : 20-22 (1955) A . A , 290/56 In Russian

MA THIS, M. Technique fo r handling and s t o r i n g drones outs ide the hive. C .R.Acad . S c i . , P a r i s 252 : 4198-4200 (1961) In French A. A. 538/65

OBATA,H. & NONOGAKI,T. Amounts of roya l jelly obtained by using drone ins tead of worker l a rvae . Anim. Husb. 19(6) : 861-862 (1965) In Japanese A. A.795/65

W I T H E R E L L , P . C . Drones : pro and con - a rev iew. Am. Bee J. 105(10) : 376-377 (1965) A .A.103L/66

WEISS,K. Drones in n a t u r a l and in d rone - r ea r ing colonies; Drones in the ma t ing apiary; Drones in the normal ap iary . A l l g . d t . I m k e r z t g 3 : 100-105, 131-135, 164-166(1969) In German A.A.490L/69

ALBER ? M.A. Drone colonies . Sudwes td t sch . Imker 7(4) : 106-107 (1955) In German A . A.40 /56

GORBACZAW,W. K. Colonies wi thou t drones - f u t u r e beekeeping. P szcze l a r s two 12(6) : 19-21 (1961) In Polish A .A.754 /65

12.

6.2 Prone production by bees

ALLEN,M.D. Drone brood in honey bee colonies. J . e c o n . E n t . 51(1) : 46-48 (1958) A. A.117/59

ALLEN,M.D. Drone production in honeybee colonies . (Apis mellif e r a L.) N a t u r e , Lond. 199(4895) : 789-790 (1963) A .A.119 /65

A L L E N , M . D . The e f f e c t of a plent i ful supply of drone comb on colonies of honeybees. J . a p i c . R e s . 4(2) : 109-119 (1965) A . A . 108/66

F R E E J . B . The production of drone comb by honeybee colonies. J. a p i c . R e s . 6(1) : 29-36 (1967) A .A . 348/68

WEISS,K. Inves t iga t ion on drone product ion in t he colony. Arch.Bienenk. 39(1) : 1-7(1962) In German A.A.584 /64

SMITH,M.V. Drones in queen ce l l s . Bee World 42(8) : 202-203 (1961) A.A.444 /62 TQKUDA,Y. Normal and abnormal supersedure cel ls of the Japanese honeybee

(Apis indica japonica). Jap. Bee J. 11(1) : 6-11 (1958) In Japanese A.A.117/60

GORBACZAW,W,K. Colonies wi thou t drones - f u t u r e beekeeping. Pszcze l a r s two 12(6) : 19-21 (1961) In Polish A.A,754 /65

6. 3 Drone brood as a hive product

PERKIEWICZ, E . The use of unwanted drone brood as medicinal food fo r an imals . Dtsch .Bienenw. 14(6) : 177 only (1963) In German A.A.428L/64

GOLOSKOKOV,V.G. On feeding bees wi th an e x t r a c t f r o m drone la rvae . Trudy burya t -mongol . nauchno-issled. v e t . o p y t . S t a . (8 ) : 93-95(1958) In Russian A.A.788 /65

IOIRICH,N., DEREVICI,A. & PETRESCU,A. Virulicidal ac t ion in v i t ro of alcoholic e x t r a c t s of drone larvae and propol is . Lucr . s t i i n t . S t a t . c en t . Ser i .Apic . 5 :107 -110(1965) In Rumanian A . A . 370/69

6.4 Disease t r a n s m i s s i o n by drones

MOREAUX,R. Transmiss ion of infec t ious d i seases by d rones . R e v . f r a n c . A p i c . 3(90) : 523 only (1953) In F rench A.A.189 /54

MOREAUX,R. Virus t r a n s m i s s i o n by d rones . Rev. P a t h . gen. (704) : 77-78 (1959) In French A . A . 6 4 / 6 1